Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to de...Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.展开更多
本文在双重差分模型下提出一种新的协变量平衡法估计倾向得分,进而估计受处理者的平均处理效应(The Average Treatment Effect on the Treated,ATT),该方法使控制组协变量逼近基的加权样本均值等于总体协变量逼近基的样本均值。相比于...本文在双重差分模型下提出一种新的协变量平衡法估计倾向得分,进而估计受处理者的平均处理效应(The Average Treatment Effect on the Treated,ATT),该方法使控制组协变量逼近基的加权样本均值等于总体协变量逼近基的样本均值。相比于传统估计方法,本文提出的方法有如下优势,一是,能够有效减少极端估计权重的出现,进而提升目标参数估计量的准确性和稳定性;二是,无需对倾向得分做任何函数形式假定,从而可以有效避免模型误设,且所得ATT估计量的权重自动满足归一化条件;三是,最优化函数满足严凸性且不带任何约束,从而确保解的唯一性和求解简便性。在某些正则条件下,本文证明ATT估计量具有一致性与渐近正态性,并且渐近方差可达到半参数效率的下界。此外,进一步使用蒙特卡罗模拟考察估计方法的有限样本性质,结果表明该方法具有较高的估计精度。最后,基于中国家庭追踪调查数据进行实证分析,进一步验证了精准扶贫政策的有效性。展开更多
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST:2009DFA32710,BMBF(FKZ):0330847F)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Y13G030168)
文摘Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.
文摘本文在双重差分模型下提出一种新的协变量平衡法估计倾向得分,进而估计受处理者的平均处理效应(The Average Treatment Effect on the Treated,ATT),该方法使控制组协变量逼近基的加权样本均值等于总体协变量逼近基的样本均值。相比于传统估计方法,本文提出的方法有如下优势,一是,能够有效减少极端估计权重的出现,进而提升目标参数估计量的准确性和稳定性;二是,无需对倾向得分做任何函数形式假定,从而可以有效避免模型误设,且所得ATT估计量的权重自动满足归一化条件;三是,最优化函数满足严凸性且不带任何约束,从而确保解的唯一性和求解简便性。在某些正则条件下,本文证明ATT估计量具有一致性与渐近正态性,并且渐近方差可达到半参数效率的下界。此外,进一步使用蒙特卡罗模拟考察估计方法的有限样本性质,结果表明该方法具有较高的估计精度。最后,基于中国家庭追踪调查数据进行实证分析,进一步验证了精准扶贫政策的有效性。
