Objective: To investigate the effects of fructose 1,6 diphosphate (FDP) on experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal saline control group (grou...Objective: To investigate the effects of fructose 1,6 diphosphate (FDP) on experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal saline control group (group A), the 5% glucose solution control group (group B) and the 5% FDP solution treated group (group C). Shock models were made by bloodletting until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduced to 39.75 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) for 60 minutes, and then normal saline, 5% glucose and FDP were given to the rats, respectively. Results: FDP could significantly increase MAP and the survival rate, elevate pH value, partial oxygen pressure (PaO 2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decrease partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in arterial blood of the shocked animals. Conclusions: It suggests that FDP has a good protective effect on hemorrhagic shock by improving tissue metabolism and preventing acidosis and tissue injury caused by free radicals.展开更多
Objective: Exploring the intra axonal overloading of calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) in brain diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and the therapeutic effect of calcium antagonist(Nimotop) on DAI. Methods: Fourteen SD rats were ...Objective: Exploring the intra axonal overloading of calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) in brain diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and the therapeutic effect of calcium antagonist(Nimotop) on DAI. Methods: Fourteen SD rats were divided into injury group, treatment group and control group. The DAI model of rats was produced by using a head instant axial rotation device. Tissues from the medulla oblongata of rats were taken 2 24 h post injury and processed for electron microscopic observation by a cytochemical technique for calcium ion. Results: In the injured rats there was evidence of local disruption of myelin sheath,lucent spaces between myelin sheath lamellae, separation of axolemma from the inner layer of myelin sheath, peripheral accumulation of organellae, intra axonal formation of vacuoles and reduction of mitochondria. A large number of fine calcium deposits were seen on the affected myelin sheath. The severity of the myelin sheath lesion was related positively to the number of calcium deposits on it. In the later post injury period the coarse calcium particles appeared within the damaged axon. Neuronal somas and microvascular endotheliums showed a lot of vacuoles and some fine calcium deposits. Many microvilli formed on the luminal aspect of endothelium. In the treatment group myelin sheath tended to be injured locally, and axoplasmic mitochondria were nearly normal in number, structure, and distribution. Few calcium deposits were found in axons. Vacuolization was obviously reduced in neuronal soma and endothelium. Conclusions: In DAI there exists an intra axonal overloading of calcium ion, which is a key factor to the occurrence and development of DAI. Early use of Nimotop can alleviate DAI.展开更多
Objective: To search for ideal bone graft substitute. Methods: The β TCP/rhBMP 2 composite was constructed by combining β Tricalcium phosphat (β TCP) that was prepared by the authors with recombinant human mo...Objective: To search for ideal bone graft substitute. Methods: The β TCP/rhBMP 2 composite was constructed by combining β Tricalcium phosphat (β TCP) that was prepared by the authors with recombinant human morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP 2) and was implanted into the muscle pouches in the thigh of mice. β TCP alone was implanted on the opposite side as controls. At intervals of 1,3,7,14 and 28 days after the implantation, the specimens were obtained, and histologic study and alkaline phosphatase assay (7,14,28 days) were performed. Results: There was a large amount of cartilage and bone formation within the composite, increasing with time; whereas there was no new bone formation where β TCP alone was implanted. Besides, the levels of alkaline phosphatase in the β TCP/rhBMP 2 implants also were increasing with time and were higher than those in controls. Conclusions: The results indicate that β TCP/rhBMP 2 composite possesses heterotopic osteoinductive potential.展开更多
Objective: The dynamic response of the heart during chest impact and the characteristics of heart injuries were investigated to further understand the mechanisms of heart impact injuries. Methods: Eleven...Objective: The dynamic response of the heart during chest impact and the characteristics of heart injuries were investigated to further understand the mechanisms of heart impact injuries. Methods: Eleven dogs and thirty four rabbits were subjected to front thoracic impact with different impact velocities and compression response. The accelerated movement of thoracic wall during the impact period was monitored. The pathological examination of the injured heart was done and the dynamic responses and mechanisms of injuries were analyzed with mathematics models. Results: The analysis of mathematics model and experimental results showed that the injury severity of heart was well correlated with the viscous criterion. The thoracic wall was involved in bi directional movement of compression and expansion. The injured heart showed spotty or stripy hemorrhages in the ventricle endocardium. Light microscopic examination showed interstitial bleeding and rupture of the myocardial fibers in the contusion area. The biomechanical analysis indicated that there was a large deformation caused by the stress concentration on the lateral ventricle wall. Conclusions: There is a high speed and excessive deformation of the heart during the impact period, which might be the key mechanism of heart injury. The strong impact and press coming from both sternum and vertebral column and the rapid elevation of pressure in the ventricle are the main cause of deformation.展开更多
Objective: To observe tissue distribution and cell localization of TNF α mRNA and its protein and study their role in the pathogenesis of liver injury in burn rats. Methods: An animal model of rats subjected to 2...Objective: To observe tissue distribution and cell localization of TNF α mRNA and its protein and study their role in the pathogenesis of liver injury in burn rats. Methods: An animal model of rats subjected to 20% TBSA Ⅲ degree burns combined with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for this experiment. The changes of hepatic morphology and functions and serum TNF α content and expression and localization of liver TNF α and TNF α mRNA were determined with light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM), quantitative analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: It showed that there were sinusoid reaction, KCs activation and degeneration, necrosis of HCs, and platelets aggregation, fibrins deposition and PMNs attachment in sinusoid. The activity of ALT was obviously elevated and ALB content was slightly decreased. The serum content of TNF α showed peak at 3 hours. TNF α was mainly localized in sinusoid endothelial cells (SECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs), and TNF α mRNA was mainly distributed in KCs, polymorphonuclears neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages (MPs). Conclusions: It suggests that TNF α mRNA and its protein expression and localization are coincident with the pathological changes of liver injury. TNF α is one of the key cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver injury in burn rats with endotoxemia.展开更多
Objective: To investigate a revision of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) weight coefficients in order to overcome the inference from foreign coefficients on Chinese trauma scoring. Methods: The data of ...Objective: To investigate a revision of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) weight coefficients in order to overcome the inference from foreign coefficients on Chinese trauma scoring. Methods: The data of 1 297 Chinese trauma patients were studied for trauma scoring with the Revised Trauma Score Injury Severity Score TRISS (RTS ISS TRISS) system to get a serial of new weight coefficients through analyzing a multivariation logical regression between the outcome and the injury severity. Results: ISS was higher but the Age Score and probability of survival (Ps) of the death group were lower than those of the survival group. New values of RTS ISS Age coefficients differed from the Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS) ones, through which the constant b 0 decreased its negative value, and ISS weight b 2 increased its negative value, but RTS weight b 1 and age weight b 3 changed with the trauma types. MTOSs values and new values of weight coefficients were used on 1 297 patients for prognosis by calculating Ps. The accuracy of new values ( 90.13 %) was a little higher than that of MTOSs (89.5%), with a promotion in specialization but a loss in sensitivity. Conclusions: A revision of TRISSs weight coefficients is either necessary or feasible. To achieve this purpose, a Chinese trauma database with large capacity is recommended.展开更多
Objective: To observe the expression and cellular localization of interleukin 8 (IL 8) mRNA and protein in the area of xenogenic bone implant. Methods: The bovine cancellous bone granules were implanted into the ...Objective: To observe the expression and cellular localization of interleukin 8 (IL 8) mRNA and protein in the area of xenogenic bone implant. Methods: The bovine cancellous bone granules were implanted into the thigh muscles of mice. The samples were taken 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after implantation. IL 8mRNA and protein in the site of implant were assayed by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques. Results: The expression of IL 8mRNA and protein were observed in all specimens 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after implantation. IL 8mRNA was expressed mainly by the neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts at 7th day post implantation. Some mesenchymal cells, multinucleated giant cells, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells also expressed IL 8mRNA in the area of xenogenic bone implant at 14th and 21st days. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the same results as that of in situ hybridization. Conclusions: Many different kinds of cells express IL 8mRNA and secret IL 8 in the area of xenogenic bone implant, suggesting that IL 8 may play an important role in local immunity of xenogenic bone graft.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of fructose 1,6 diphosphate (FDP) on experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal saline control group (group A), the 5% glucose solution control group (group B) and the 5% FDP solution treated group (group C). Shock models were made by bloodletting until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduced to 39.75 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) for 60 minutes, and then normal saline, 5% glucose and FDP were given to the rats, respectively. Results: FDP could significantly increase MAP and the survival rate, elevate pH value, partial oxygen pressure (PaO 2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decrease partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in arterial blood of the shocked animals. Conclusions: It suggests that FDP has a good protective effect on hemorrhagic shock by improving tissue metabolism and preventing acidosis and tissue injury caused by free radicals.
文摘Objective: Exploring the intra axonal overloading of calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) in brain diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and the therapeutic effect of calcium antagonist(Nimotop) on DAI. Methods: Fourteen SD rats were divided into injury group, treatment group and control group. The DAI model of rats was produced by using a head instant axial rotation device. Tissues from the medulla oblongata of rats were taken 2 24 h post injury and processed for electron microscopic observation by a cytochemical technique for calcium ion. Results: In the injured rats there was evidence of local disruption of myelin sheath,lucent spaces between myelin sheath lamellae, separation of axolemma from the inner layer of myelin sheath, peripheral accumulation of organellae, intra axonal formation of vacuoles and reduction of mitochondria. A large number of fine calcium deposits were seen on the affected myelin sheath. The severity of the myelin sheath lesion was related positively to the number of calcium deposits on it. In the later post injury period the coarse calcium particles appeared within the damaged axon. Neuronal somas and microvascular endotheliums showed a lot of vacuoles and some fine calcium deposits. Many microvilli formed on the luminal aspect of endothelium. In the treatment group myelin sheath tended to be injured locally, and axoplasmic mitochondria were nearly normal in number, structure, and distribution. Few calcium deposits were found in axons. Vacuolization was obviously reduced in neuronal soma and endothelium. Conclusions: In DAI there exists an intra axonal overloading of calcium ion, which is a key factor to the occurrence and development of DAI. Early use of Nimotop can alleviate DAI.
文摘Objective: To search for ideal bone graft substitute. Methods: The β TCP/rhBMP 2 composite was constructed by combining β Tricalcium phosphat (β TCP) that was prepared by the authors with recombinant human morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP 2) and was implanted into the muscle pouches in the thigh of mice. β TCP alone was implanted on the opposite side as controls. At intervals of 1,3,7,14 and 28 days after the implantation, the specimens were obtained, and histologic study and alkaline phosphatase assay (7,14,28 days) were performed. Results: There was a large amount of cartilage and bone formation within the composite, increasing with time; whereas there was no new bone formation where β TCP alone was implanted. Besides, the levels of alkaline phosphatase in the β TCP/rhBMP 2 implants also were increasing with time and were higher than those in controls. Conclusions: The results indicate that β TCP/rhBMP 2 composite possesses heterotopic osteoinductive potential.
文摘Objective: The dynamic response of the heart during chest impact and the characteristics of heart injuries were investigated to further understand the mechanisms of heart impact injuries. Methods: Eleven dogs and thirty four rabbits were subjected to front thoracic impact with different impact velocities and compression response. The accelerated movement of thoracic wall during the impact period was monitored. The pathological examination of the injured heart was done and the dynamic responses and mechanisms of injuries were analyzed with mathematics models. Results: The analysis of mathematics model and experimental results showed that the injury severity of heart was well correlated with the viscous criterion. The thoracic wall was involved in bi directional movement of compression and expansion. The injured heart showed spotty or stripy hemorrhages in the ventricle endocardium. Light microscopic examination showed interstitial bleeding and rupture of the myocardial fibers in the contusion area. The biomechanical analysis indicated that there was a large deformation caused by the stress concentration on the lateral ventricle wall. Conclusions: There is a high speed and excessive deformation of the heart during the impact period, which might be the key mechanism of heart injury. The strong impact and press coming from both sternum and vertebral column and the rapid elevation of pressure in the ventricle are the main cause of deformation.
文摘Objective: To observe tissue distribution and cell localization of TNF α mRNA and its protein and study their role in the pathogenesis of liver injury in burn rats. Methods: An animal model of rats subjected to 20% TBSA Ⅲ degree burns combined with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for this experiment. The changes of hepatic morphology and functions and serum TNF α content and expression and localization of liver TNF α and TNF α mRNA were determined with light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM), quantitative analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: It showed that there were sinusoid reaction, KCs activation and degeneration, necrosis of HCs, and platelets aggregation, fibrins deposition and PMNs attachment in sinusoid. The activity of ALT was obviously elevated and ALB content was slightly decreased. The serum content of TNF α showed peak at 3 hours. TNF α was mainly localized in sinusoid endothelial cells (SECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs), and TNF α mRNA was mainly distributed in KCs, polymorphonuclears neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages (MPs). Conclusions: It suggests that TNF α mRNA and its protein expression and localization are coincident with the pathological changes of liver injury. TNF α is one of the key cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver injury in burn rats with endotoxemia.
文摘Objective: To investigate a revision of the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) weight coefficients in order to overcome the inference from foreign coefficients on Chinese trauma scoring. Methods: The data of 1 297 Chinese trauma patients were studied for trauma scoring with the Revised Trauma Score Injury Severity Score TRISS (RTS ISS TRISS) system to get a serial of new weight coefficients through analyzing a multivariation logical regression between the outcome and the injury severity. Results: ISS was higher but the Age Score and probability of survival (Ps) of the death group were lower than those of the survival group. New values of RTS ISS Age coefficients differed from the Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS) ones, through which the constant b 0 decreased its negative value, and ISS weight b 2 increased its negative value, but RTS weight b 1 and age weight b 3 changed with the trauma types. MTOSs values and new values of weight coefficients were used on 1 297 patients for prognosis by calculating Ps. The accuracy of new values ( 90.13 %) was a little higher than that of MTOSs (89.5%), with a promotion in specialization but a loss in sensitivity. Conclusions: A revision of TRISSs weight coefficients is either necessary or feasible. To achieve this purpose, a Chinese trauma database with large capacity is recommended.
文摘Objective: To observe the expression and cellular localization of interleukin 8 (IL 8) mRNA and protein in the area of xenogenic bone implant. Methods: The bovine cancellous bone granules were implanted into the thigh muscles of mice. The samples were taken 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after implantation. IL 8mRNA and protein in the site of implant were assayed by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques. Results: The expression of IL 8mRNA and protein were observed in all specimens 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after implantation. IL 8mRNA was expressed mainly by the neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts at 7th day post implantation. Some mesenchymal cells, multinucleated giant cells, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells also expressed IL 8mRNA in the area of xenogenic bone implant at 14th and 21st days. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the same results as that of in situ hybridization. Conclusions: Many different kinds of cells express IL 8mRNA and secret IL 8 in the area of xenogenic bone implant, suggesting that IL 8 may play an important role in local immunity of xenogenic bone graft.
