We propose a new flame index for the transported probability density function(PDF) method. The flame index uses mixing flux projections of Lagrangian particles on mixture fraction and progress variable directions as t...We propose a new flame index for the transported probability density function(PDF) method. The flame index uses mixing flux projections of Lagrangian particles on mixture fraction and progress variable directions as the metrics to identify the combustion mode, with the Burke-Schumann solution as a reference. A priori validation of the flame index is conducted with a series of constructed turbulent partially premixed reactors. It indicates that the proposed flame index is able to identify the combustion mode based on the subgrid mixing information. The flame index is then applied the large eddy simulation/PDF datasets of turbulent partially premixed jet flames. Results show that the flame index separate different combustion modes and extinction correctly. The proposed flame index provides a promising tool to analyze and model the partially premixed flames adaptively.展开更多
Successful nerve regeneration requires not only that neurons reconstruct new axons distal to the site of injury,but also those growing axons must navigate through the neuropil to make appropriate synaptic connections ...Successful nerve regeneration requires not only that neurons reconstruct new axons distal to the site of injury,but also those growing axons must navigate through the neuropil to make appropriate synaptic connections with target cells.While this is an imposing task for the thousands of axons that may occupy a regenerating nerve in the peripheral nervous system or a tract inthe central nervous system, the billions of neurons in the developing brain must accomplish similar tasks making connections that number in the trillions. How do neurons do this？展开更多
Proline accumulation has been shown to occur in plants in response to various environmental stresses.Although proline metabolismrelated genes have been functionally characterized,the inter-organ transport of proline i...Proline accumulation has been shown to occur in plants in response to various environmental stresses.Although proline metabolismrelated genes have been functionally characterized,the inter-organ transport of proline in stressed plants remains unclear.In this study,free proline was detected with significant accumulations in the roots,stems,and leaves of watermelon drought-tolerant germplasm M08 and drought-susceptible line Y34 under drought stress.Expression profiling and enzyme activity measurements revealed that ClP5CS1 gene,rather than its paralog ClP5CS2,mainly contributes to the proline synthesis in leaves via the Glu pathway.Additionally,over-expression of the ClP5CS genes significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines.Furthermore,we confirmed that proline is mainly synthesized in leaves and transported to roots in watermelon under drought stress.Transcriptome and expression analyses revealed that the genes involved in proline metabolism exhibited different expression levels.Specifically,ClP5CS1 was upregulated in leaves and roots,while ClP5CS2 was downregulated under drought stress.Also,415 and 362 differently expressed TFs were identified in roots and leaves,respectively,with the majority upregulated in the former.Ultimately,a model for proline metabolism was proposed.The findings of this study provided new insights into the biosynthesis,transport,and regulatory mechanism of drought-induced proline in plants.展开更多
Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD)has exhibited the potential ability to prepare columnar structures for advanced thermal barrier coatings(TBCs).The coating structure is nominally affected by operating par...Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD)has exhibited the potential ability to prepare columnar structures for advanced thermal barrier coatings(TBCs).The coating structure is nominally affected by operating parameters,but it is controlled by the type of deposition unit actually and essentially.In order to realize the columnar structure deposited by gaseous phase units,the transition behavior of gaseous phase units to clusters must be fundamentally understood.This work investigated the transport process of gaseous phase units in the PS-PVD near-substrate boundary layer along with the condensation behavior.The Monte Carlo method was used to examine the transport process and condensation behavior of gaseous phase units under different scale boundary layers.Simulation results show that it is easier to form more numerous larger clusters at the edge of the plasma jet than at the center.Based on the understanding of the changes in deposition unit caused by the condensation of gaseous phase in the near-substrate boundary layer of PS-PVD,an outlook towards TBCs with different structures is presented.And it is in good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
We study the stabilization of the soliton transported bio-energy by the dynamic equations in the improved Davydov theory from four aspects containing the feature of free motion and states of the soliton at the long-ti...We study the stabilization of the soliton transported bio-energy by the dynamic equations in the improved Davydov theory from four aspects containing the feature of free motion and states of the soliton at the long-time motion and at biological temperature 300 K and behaviors of collision of the solitons by Runge–Kutta method and physical parameter values appropriate to the α-helix protein molecules. We prove that the new solitons can move without dispersion at a constant speed retaining its shape and energy in free and long-time motions and can go through each other without scattering. If considering further influence of the temperature effect of heat bath on the soliton, it is still thermally stable at biological temperature 300 K and in a time as long as 300 ps and amino acid spacings as large as 400, which shows that the lifetime of the new soliton is at least 300 ps, which is consistent with analytic result obtained by quantum perturbation theory. These results exhibit that the new soliton is a possible carrier of bio-energy transport and the improved model is possibly a candidate for the mechanism of this transport.展开更多
To demonstrate the distribution and expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the liver, five kinds of HSPs, namely HSP70, HSP72, HSP86, HSP90 and HSP27 were determined after a long distance transport using immunohi...To demonstrate the distribution and expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the liver, five kinds of HSPs, namely HSP70, HSP72, HSP86, HSP90 and HSP27 were determined after a long distance transport using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. All five HSPs were regularly detected in the liver of both the transported and the control group. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic labeling was present in hepatic cells; however, localization of HSPs was quite different in hepatocytes. The majority of HSP70, HSP72 and HSP27 appeared to predominate in cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. Nuclear signals of HSP90 and HSP86 were most prominent in hepatocytes in which immunostaining in the cytoplasm was relatively weak compared with that in the nucleus. There was subjectively lower staining in the edge of hepatic labule, and lower numbers of HSPs labeled hepatic cells corresponded to light microscopic lesions. The obvious inductions of some HSPs were detected in the liver, especially the HSP90(P<0.01) which belongs to the HSP90 family. However, the obvious reductions of HSP86(P<0.05), which belong to the HSP90 family, and HSP27 (P <0.05), which belong to small families, were detected in stressed pig liver after six hours of long distance transportation.展开更多
We study numerically the propagating properties of soliton-transported bio-energy excited in the a-helix protein molecules with three channels in the cases of the short-time and long-time motions and its features of c...We study numerically the propagating properties of soliton-transported bio-energy excited in the a-helix protein molecules with three channels in the cases of the short-time and long-time motions and its features of collision at temperature T = 0 and biological temperature T = 300 K by the dynamic equations in the improved Davydov theory and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, respectively. From these simulation experiments we see that the new solitons in the improved model can move without dispersion at a constant speed retaining its shape and energy in the cases of motion of both short-time or T = 0 and long time or T = 300 K and can go through each other without scattering in their collisions. In these cases its lifetime is, at least, 120 ps at 300 K, in which the soliton can travel over about 700 amino acid residues. This result is consistent with analytic result obtained by quantum perturbed theory in this model. In the meanwhile, the influences of structure disorder of a-helix protein molecules, including the inhomogeneous distribution of amino acids with different masses and fluctuations of spring constant, dipole-dipole interaction, exciton-phonon coupling constant and diagonal disorder, on the solitons are also studied by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the soliton still is very robust against the structure disorders and thermal perturbation of proteins at biological temperature 300 K. Therefore we can conclude that the new soliton in the a-helix protein molecules with three channels is a possible carrier of bio-energy transport and the improved model is possibly a candidate for the mechanism of this transport.展开更多
Melanie C.Green and Timothy C.Brock have proposed their transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion.They argue that a narrative can evoke imagery in readers'mind and then transport readers into the narrat...Melanie C.Green and Timothy C.Brock have proposed their transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion.They argue that a narrative can evoke imagery in readers'mind and then transport readers into the narrative world the author has created,in the course of which the author can persuade readers of the beliefs he's put into the narrative.This paper employs this model to rethink how Arthur Conan Doyle persuades his readers of British imperialism in his"The Speckled Band".First,this model considers the vividness of the narrative and readers'participatory response as key factors in readers'transportation.The narratives of"The Speckled Band"are picturesque,and Sherlock Holmes'inferential process has reinforced readers'participatory response.On the other hand,detective fiction usually has the theme of how the detective/law and order beats the criminal/chaos.That is,Doyle persuades his readers that the British Empire will prevail in"The Speckled Band"when Holmes,representing the British imperialism,solves the case and kills Dr.Roylott,who represents the evil and savagery in the British colony.According to Green and Brock's model,it simply means that there are two narratives(i.e.,one is about how the law of the British Empire is challenged,and the other is about how the British Empire's stability is restored),and two complementary transportations before Doyle can successfully persuades his readers.However,if we closely read"'The Speckled Band",we can learn that Holmes,who should have represented British law,is guilty of trespassing or taking the law into his own hands.In other words,the complementarity of the two transportations is compromised.Thus,we can conclude that it is highly questionable whether or not Doyle can transport his readers into the bosom of the British Empire.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> In Japan, red blood cell (RBC) solution is usually transported by car from a medical institution to the patient’s house for home transfusion. However, there are no regulations ...<strong>Objective:</strong> In Japan, red blood cell (RBC) solution is usually transported by car from a medical institution to the patient’s house for home transfusion. However, there are no regulations for transporting blood by car in the medical setting. Therefore, we assessed and compared the methods (containers) used for transporting the RBC solution by car. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Irradiated RBC solution samples (280 mL) supplied by the Japan Red Cross Society were each divided into two bags. The quality of blood transported by car (1 - 2 hours) in an active transport refrigerator (ATR) (control group) was compared with that transported in a cooler, or styrofoam box (study group). We tested the hemolytic effects of transportation by car, storage, and filtration through a transfusion set on the lactate dehydrogenase (LD) levels in the RBC solutions. <strong>Results:</strong> Post-filtered LD levels were significantly higher in the RBC solutions transported in a cooler-box with inadequate temperature control when compared to those transported in an ATR with optimal temperature control. However, under conditions of optimal temperature control, the post-filtered LD levels were comparable in the control and study (both cooler and styrofoam boxes) group RBC solutions. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Temperature management is critical for the maintenance of the quality of the RBC solution transported by car.展开更多
Background:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)has been proven to be a support method and technology for patients with cardiopulmonary failure.However,the transport of patients under ECMO support is challenging g...Background:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)has been proven to be a support method and technology for patients with cardiopulmonary failure.However,the transport of patients under ECMO support is challenging given the high-risk technical maneuvers and patient-care concerns involved.Herein,we examined the safety of ECMO during the transport of critically ill patients and its impact on mortality rates,to provide more secure and effective transport strategies in clinical practice.Method:To assess the safety of ECMO patient transport,this study conducted a retrospective analysis on critically ill adults who required ECMO support and transport at the intensive care unit(ICU)center between 2017 and 2023.The study utilized standard ECMO transport protocols and conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis of the collected clinical data and transport processes.The 28-day survival rate for ECMO patients was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis,while logistic regression identified prognostic factors.Result:Out of 303 patients supported with ECMO,111(36.6%)were transported.69.4%of the transport group were male,mean age was(42.0±17.0)years,mean body mass index was(24.4±4.6)kg/m2,and veno-arterial-ECMO accounted for 52.5%.The median transportation distance was 190(interquartile range[IQR]:70-260)km,and the longest distance was 8100 km.The median transit time was 180(IQR:100-260)min,and the maximum duration was 1720 min.No severe adverse events including death or mechanical failure occurred during transportation.The 28-day survival rate was 64.7%(n=196)and ICU survival rate was 56.1%(n=170)for the entire cohort;whereas,the 28-day survival rate was 72.1%(n=80)and ICU survival rate was 66.7%(n=74)in the transport group.A non-significant difference in 28-day survival was observed between the two groups after propensity score matching(P=0.56).Additionally,we found that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score(odds ratio[OR]=1.06,P<0.01),lactate levels(>5 mmol/L,OR=2.80,P=0.01),and renal replacement therapy initiation(OR=3.03,P<0.01)were associated with increased mortality risk.Conclusion:Transporting patients on ECMO between medical facilities is a safe procedure that does not increase patient mortality rates,provided it is orchestrated and executed by proficient transport teams.The prognostic outcome for these patients is predominantly influenced by their pre-existing medical conditions or by complications that may develop during the course of ECMO therapy.These results form the basis for the creation of specialized ECMO network hubs within healthcare regions.展开更多
Microrobots play an essential role in early diagnosis and precision medicine with the increasing demands for controllability in bio-medicine and micromanipulation,which can complete the pre-designed behavior under ext...Microrobots play an essential role in early diagnosis and precision medicine with the increasing demands for controllability in bio-medicine and micromanipulation,which can complete the pre-designed behavior under external stimulation.However,most microrobots are currently made of a single material system and focus on fabricating a driving module as the main structure of microrobots.This hinders the integration of diverse functions in one microrobot to fulfill the complex application.Here,a multi-material and multi-module hand-microrobot based on femtosecond laser direct writing technology is proposed,which has a pH-responsive capturing module and a magnetic-responsive transportation module(MRTM).This microrobot can not only respond to pH for capturing and releasing objects,but also respond to magnetic fields for cargo delivery even with obstacles.The two responding modules of the hand-microrobot are fabricated independently,and can collaborate with each other to achieve the delivery of target objects like polystyrene(PS)microsphere(10µm)or 786-O cell by capturing,transporting,and spatial rolling.Besides,the MRTM can be locally fabricated on any prefabricated static structure,so that the whole microrobot can achieve controllable motion.This strategy is expected to be used to manipulate cells,deliver drugs for precise treatment,and environmental treatment.展开更多
Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
The longitudinal π-extension of carbon nanohoops is one of the most effective bottom-up synthetic strategies toward carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Herein,the precise synthesis of a multi-substituted carbon nanohoop([12]CPP-8...The longitudinal π-extension of carbon nanohoops is one of the most effective bottom-up synthetic strategies toward carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Herein,the precise synthesis of a multi-substituted carbon nanohoop([12]CPP-8PBPy)based on cycloparaphenylenes(CPPs)grafted with eight pyrene-functionalized units was reported.This structurally well-defined nanohoop not only acts as a segment of armchair-type CNTs but also achieves enhanced longitudinal π-extension.The structure of[12]CPP-8PBPy was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The photophysical properties were studied by UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy.The potential applications of[12]CPP-8PBPy in electron-transport devices were further investigated.展开更多
Post-quantum transport layer security(PQ-TLS)is capable of effectively defending against quantum threats to current network communications,whereas its larger public key and certificate sizes as well as higher computat...Post-quantum transport layer security(PQ-TLS)is capable of effectively defending against quantum threats to current network communications,whereas its larger public key and certificate sizes as well as higher computational overhead may result in a significant performance reduction compared with conventional TLS.In this paper,we present a systematic evaluation of PQ-TLS performance across diverse deployment scenarios to address the following critical research questions.(1)What is the performance behavior of PQ-TLS across different TLS modes?(2)How does PQ-TLS perform across varying client scales?(3)Which network topology is most suitable for PQ-TLS?(4)How does PQ-TLS perform on personal computers(PCs)compared to embedded IoT devices?To the best of our knowledge,this is the first work to comprehensively address these issues,offering implementers some insights into PQ-TLS performance and guidance for optimizing it across diverse scenarios.展开更多
This research conducts a comprehensive experimental study of the entire filling system process at the Weishan Lake Rare Earth Mine(WSLREM)in Shandong Province,encompassing tailings thickening,feeding,slurry preparatio...This research conducts a comprehensive experimental study of the entire filling system process at the Weishan Lake Rare Earth Mine(WSLREM)in Shandong Province,encompassing tailings thickening,feeding,slurry preparation,and pipeline transportation.It proposes a complete and efficient upgrade solution for an intelligent paste filling system.The results show that the F1 flocculant was selected to prepare a flocculant solution with a solution concentration of 0.1%.The unit consumption is set to 25 g·t^(-1),and the flocculation and sedimentation effects are optimal when the mass concentration is 15%,with an underflow concentration of 62%.The selection experiment of cementitious material shows that the effect of using new cementitious material is better than that of traditional 32.5R Portland cement.At the same time,rheological experiments on the filling slurry were carried out,and the filling transportation pressure was studied by combining theoretical calculations with numerical simulations.The research results have guiding significance for the debugging of filling pumps and the selection of a filling pipeline.After the application of industrial transformation,the underflow concentration of the sand silo was 64%–66%,the slurry concentration was 68%–72%,the addition range of the cementing material was 1∶16–1∶4,and the filling capacity was 40–60 m^(3)·h^(-1).The intelligent upgrade and transformation of the filling system have yielded remarkable results,providing significant reference value for the intelligent filling transformation of similar mines.展开更多
Purpose-This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Brazilian freight railway system,examining the efficacy of the current concession renewal model in light of persistent structural problems such as market con...Purpose-This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Brazilian freight railway system,examining the efficacy of the current concession renewal model in light of persistent structural problems such as market concentration,cargo dependence on export commodities and underutilization of the network.Situating Brazil within the broader international debate on railway reforms,the paper evaluates whether the ongoing early renewal of concessions can deliver a more diversified and competitive freight system.Design/methodology/approach-The study adopts a sequential mixed-methods research design that integrates longitudinal quantitative analysis with qualitative institutional and policy evaluation.The quantitative component examines time-series indicators published by ANTT,DNIT and INFRA S.A.from 1999 to 2023 to identify structural patterns in traffic growth,investment,safety and market concentration.The qualitative component employs a process-tracing logic to reconstruct the evolution of concession renewals and the implementation of Railway Law 14.273/2021,drawing on concepts from regulatory economics,institutional theory and industrial organization.These empirical streams are synthesized through an analytical framework that connects three dimensions-regulatory design,market structure and system performance-allowing for a systematic assessment of how Brazil’s institutional configuration shapes incentives,competitive dynamics and network utilization.Findings-The analysis confirms that the early renewal of concessions has successfully secured substantial private investment for capacity expansion on existing trunk lines.However,it has perpetuated the vertically integrated model,reinforcing the market power of incumbent operators and failing to significantly promote intramodal competition or cargo diversification.The system remains dominated by iron ore and agricultural commodities,with general cargo representing a minuscule share.The new authorization regime and short-line railway policies present a viable pathway for market opening but face significant operational and institutional barriers to implementation.Originality/value-This research offers a timely and critical assessment of a pivotal moment in Brazilian railway policy.It moves beyond a simplistic evaluation of volume growth to a structural analysis of market failures and the interplay between concession renewal and regulatory innovation.The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers in Brazil and other emerging economies seeking to balance private investment with public interest goals in railway infrastructure,highlighting the necessity of complementary,pro-competitive measures alongside financial investment.展开更多
Synergistically improving the yield and grain quality of rice remains a major breeding challenge.Amino acid transporters play key roles in regulating plant growth and development,but their mechanisms in synergisticall...Synergistically improving the yield and grain quality of rice remains a major breeding challenge.Amino acid transporters play key roles in regulating plant growth and development,but their mechanisms in synergistically regulating yield and quality remain unclear.Here,we report that the plasma membrane-localized transporter OsAAP18,which is more highly expressed in indica than japonica rice,positively correlates with tiller number and yield but negatively with grain width.OsAAP18 transports eight amino acids,including asparagine(Asn),proline(Pro),leucine(Leu),and valine(Val).Its overexpression increases yield through enhanced tillering and grain number per panicle while also improving rice processing and cooking quality.Transcriptome analysis showed that OsAAP18 coordinates grain development and quality formation by regulating the expression of key genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,and plant hormone signaling pathways.These findings establish OsAAP18 as a dual-function regulator that synergistically enhances yield and quality,offering a promising target for rice breeding.展开更多
Aging is characterized by a decreased autophagic activity contributing to the intracellular deposition of damaged organelles and macromolecules.Autophagy is particularly challenging in neurons since autophagic vesicle...Aging is characterized by a decreased autophagic activity contributing to the intracellular deposition of damaged organelles and macromolecules.Autophagy is particularly challenging in neurons since autophagic vesicles are formed at the axonal tip and must be transported to the soma where final degradation occurs.Here,we examined if axonal transport of autophagic vesicles is altered during aging.We employed two-photon microscopy for in vivo imaging in the optic nerve of young and aged rats.In old animals(>18 months old),retrograde autophagic vesicle transport was significantly reduced with regard to motility and velocity.While activation of autophagy was decreased,expression of key proteins of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway including p62 and procathepsin D and the number of autophagolysosomes was increased.Maturation of autophagic vesicles was shifted to more distal regions of the axon and axonal lysosomal clearing was impaired.In a pull-down assay,the protein binding between dynein and dynactin was decreased by half,which could explain the retrograde axonal transport effects.Taken together,retrograde axonal autophagic vesicle transport in vivo is diminished during aging accompanied by decreased autophagy activation,alterations of the lysosomal pathway,and a reduced dynein-dynactin binding.展开更多
The South Central Axis in Beijing showcases China’s image and highlights its cultural confidence.THE Central Axis is the centerpiece of the Chinese capital’s urban spatial layout.The southern extended section of the...The South Central Axis in Beijing showcases China’s image and highlights its cultural confidence.THE Central Axis is the centerpiece of the Chinese capital’s urban spatial layout.The southern extended section of the Central Axis,or the South Central Axis,stretches from the Yongdingmen Gate Tower in the north to the South Fifth Ring Road in the south.While being a strategic transport link facilitating the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,it also showcases China’s vision for the future and highlights its cultural confidence.展开更多
In intelligent transportation systems,object detection for a surveillance video is one of the important functions.The performance of existing surveillance video object detection algorithms is affected by the conflict ...In intelligent transportation systems,object detection for a surveillance video is one of the important functions.The performance of existing surveillance video object detection algorithms is affected by the conflict between the features of the objects,which leads to a decline in precision.Therefore,an object detection algorithm based on deep learning and salient feature fusion is proposed.The proposed method introduces a non-weight-sharing network to process the salient features of the image and fuse them with the features extracted from the red blue green branch.Different from the previous solutions,the salient feature extraction branch uses the boundary features and statistical features of the image and fuses the features of the two branches in the efficient layer aggregation networks structure.At the same time,the attention module is used in efficient layer aggregation networks with convolutional block attention module to improve the efficiency of feature utilisation.The training and evaluation are carried out in the constructed surveillance video feature conflict dataset,and eight scenes are constructed in the way of orthogonal experiments.The experimental results show that the performance of object detection can be significantly improved by using the proposed method in the object detection task of the intelligent transportation system surveillance video feature conflict scene.展开更多
基金sponsored by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91841302)。
文摘We propose a new flame index for the transported probability density function(PDF) method. The flame index uses mixing flux projections of Lagrangian particles on mixture fraction and progress variable directions as the metrics to identify the combustion mode, with the Burke-Schumann solution as a reference. A priori validation of the flame index is conducted with a series of constructed turbulent partially premixed reactors. It indicates that the proposed flame index is able to identify the combustion mode based on the subgrid mixing information. The flame index is then applied the large eddy simulation/PDF datasets of turbulent partially premixed jet flames. Results show that the flame index separate different combustion modes and extinction correctly. The proposed flame index provides a promising tool to analyze and model the partially premixed flames adaptively.
文摘Successful nerve regeneration requires not only that neurons reconstruct new axons distal to the site of injury,but also those growing axons must navigate through the neuropil to make appropriate synaptic connections with target cells.While this is an imposing task for the thousands of axons that may occupy a regenerating nerve in the peripheral nervous system or a tract inthe central nervous system, the billions of neurons in the developing brain must accomplish similar tasks making connections that number in the trillions. How do neurons do this？
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31701939)National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi province,China(Grant No.2019JQ-324)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0100704)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(Grant No.CARS-25).
文摘Proline accumulation has been shown to occur in plants in response to various environmental stresses.Although proline metabolismrelated genes have been functionally characterized,the inter-organ transport of proline in stressed plants remains unclear.In this study,free proline was detected with significant accumulations in the roots,stems,and leaves of watermelon drought-tolerant germplasm M08 and drought-susceptible line Y34 under drought stress.Expression profiling and enzyme activity measurements revealed that ClP5CS1 gene,rather than its paralog ClP5CS2,mainly contributes to the proline synthesis in leaves via the Glu pathway.Additionally,over-expression of the ClP5CS genes significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines.Furthermore,we confirmed that proline is mainly synthesized in leaves and transported to roots in watermelon under drought stress.Transcriptome and expression analyses revealed that the genes involved in proline metabolism exhibited different expression levels.Specifically,ClP5CS1 was upregulated in leaves and roots,while ClP5CS2 was downregulated under drought stress.Also,415 and 362 differently expressed TFs were identified in roots and leaves,respectively,with the majority upregulated in the former.Ultimately,a model for proline metabolism was proposed.The findings of this study provided new insights into the biosynthesis,transport,and regulatory mechanism of drought-induced proline in plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0306103)R&D Program in Key Fields of Guangdong Province(No.2019B010936001)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51901175)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2019M653602)the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals。
文摘Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD)has exhibited the potential ability to prepare columnar structures for advanced thermal barrier coatings(TBCs).The coating structure is nominally affected by operating parameters,but it is controlled by the type of deposition unit actually and essentially.In order to realize the columnar structure deposited by gaseous phase units,the transition behavior of gaseous phase units to clusters must be fundamentally understood.This work investigated the transport process of gaseous phase units in the PS-PVD near-substrate boundary layer along with the condensation behavior.The Monte Carlo method was used to examine the transport process and condensation behavior of gaseous phase units under different scale boundary layers.Simulation results show that it is easier to form more numerous larger clusters at the edge of the plasma jet than at the center.Based on the understanding of the changes in deposition unit caused by the condensation of gaseous phase in the near-substrate boundary layer of PS-PVD,an outlook towards TBCs with different structures is presented.And it is in good agreement with the experimental data.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19974034
文摘We study the stabilization of the soliton transported bio-energy by the dynamic equations in the improved Davydov theory from four aspects containing the feature of free motion and states of the soliton at the long-time motion and at biological temperature 300 K and behaviors of collision of the solitons by Runge–Kutta method and physical parameter values appropriate to the α-helix protein molecules. We prove that the new solitons can move without dispersion at a constant speed retaining its shape and energy in free and long-time motions and can go through each other without scattering. If considering further influence of the temperature effect of heat bath on the soliton, it is still thermally stable at biological temperature 300 K and in a time as long as 300 ps and amino acid spacings as large as 400, which shows that the lifetime of the new soliton is at least 300 ps, which is consistent with analytic result obtained by quantum perturbation theory. These results exhibit that the new soliton is a possible carrier of bio-energy transport and the improved model is possibly a candidate for the mechanism of this transport.
文摘To demonstrate the distribution and expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the liver, five kinds of HSPs, namely HSP70, HSP72, HSP86, HSP90 and HSP27 were determined after a long distance transport using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. All five HSPs were regularly detected in the liver of both the transported and the control group. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic labeling was present in hepatic cells; however, localization of HSPs was quite different in hepatocytes. The majority of HSP70, HSP72 and HSP27 appeared to predominate in cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. Nuclear signals of HSP90 and HSP86 were most prominent in hepatocytes in which immunostaining in the cytoplasm was relatively weak compared with that in the nucleus. There was subjectively lower staining in the edge of hepatic labule, and lower numbers of HSPs labeled hepatic cells corresponded to light microscopic lesions. The obvious inductions of some HSPs were detected in the liver, especially the HSP90(P<0.01) which belongs to the HSP90 family. However, the obvious reductions of HSP86(P<0.05), which belong to the HSP90 family, and HSP27 (P <0.05), which belong to small families, were detected in stressed pig liver after six hours of long distance transportation.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 19974034
文摘We study numerically the propagating properties of soliton-transported bio-energy excited in the a-helix protein molecules with three channels in the cases of the short-time and long-time motions and its features of collision at temperature T = 0 and biological temperature T = 300 K by the dynamic equations in the improved Davydov theory and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, respectively. From these simulation experiments we see that the new solitons in the improved model can move without dispersion at a constant speed retaining its shape and energy in the cases of motion of both short-time or T = 0 and long time or T = 300 K and can go through each other without scattering in their collisions. In these cases its lifetime is, at least, 120 ps at 300 K, in which the soliton can travel over about 700 amino acid residues. This result is consistent with analytic result obtained by quantum perturbed theory in this model. In the meanwhile, the influences of structure disorder of a-helix protein molecules, including the inhomogeneous distribution of amino acids with different masses and fluctuations of spring constant, dipole-dipole interaction, exciton-phonon coupling constant and diagonal disorder, on the solitons are also studied by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the soliton still is very robust against the structure disorders and thermal perturbation of proteins at biological temperature 300 K. Therefore we can conclude that the new soliton in the a-helix protein molecules with three channels is a possible carrier of bio-energy transport and the improved model is possibly a candidate for the mechanism of this transport.
文摘Melanie C.Green and Timothy C.Brock have proposed their transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion.They argue that a narrative can evoke imagery in readers'mind and then transport readers into the narrative world the author has created,in the course of which the author can persuade readers of the beliefs he's put into the narrative.This paper employs this model to rethink how Arthur Conan Doyle persuades his readers of British imperialism in his"The Speckled Band".First,this model considers the vividness of the narrative and readers'participatory response as key factors in readers'transportation.The narratives of"The Speckled Band"are picturesque,and Sherlock Holmes'inferential process has reinforced readers'participatory response.On the other hand,detective fiction usually has the theme of how the detective/law and order beats the criminal/chaos.That is,Doyle persuades his readers that the British Empire will prevail in"The Speckled Band"when Holmes,representing the British imperialism,solves the case and kills Dr.Roylott,who represents the evil and savagery in the British colony.According to Green and Brock's model,it simply means that there are two narratives(i.e.,one is about how the law of the British Empire is challenged,and the other is about how the British Empire's stability is restored),and two complementary transportations before Doyle can successfully persuades his readers.However,if we closely read"'The Speckled Band",we can learn that Holmes,who should have represented British law,is guilty of trespassing or taking the law into his own hands.In other words,the complementarity of the two transportations is compromised.Thus,we can conclude that it is highly questionable whether or not Doyle can transport his readers into the bosom of the British Empire.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> In Japan, red blood cell (RBC) solution is usually transported by car from a medical institution to the patient’s house for home transfusion. However, there are no regulations for transporting blood by car in the medical setting. Therefore, we assessed and compared the methods (containers) used for transporting the RBC solution by car. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Irradiated RBC solution samples (280 mL) supplied by the Japan Red Cross Society were each divided into two bags. The quality of blood transported by car (1 - 2 hours) in an active transport refrigerator (ATR) (control group) was compared with that transported in a cooler, or styrofoam box (study group). We tested the hemolytic effects of transportation by car, storage, and filtration through a transfusion set on the lactate dehydrogenase (LD) levels in the RBC solutions. <strong>Results:</strong> Post-filtered LD levels were significantly higher in the RBC solutions transported in a cooler-box with inadequate temperature control when compared to those transported in an ATR with optimal temperature control. However, under conditions of optimal temperature control, the post-filtered LD levels were comparable in the control and study (both cooler and styrofoam boxes) group RBC solutions. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Temperature management is critical for the maintenance of the quality of the RBC solution transported by car.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2022YFC2504505)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2022854)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2504400).
文摘Background:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)has been proven to be a support method and technology for patients with cardiopulmonary failure.However,the transport of patients under ECMO support is challenging given the high-risk technical maneuvers and patient-care concerns involved.Herein,we examined the safety of ECMO during the transport of critically ill patients and its impact on mortality rates,to provide more secure and effective transport strategies in clinical practice.Method:To assess the safety of ECMO patient transport,this study conducted a retrospective analysis on critically ill adults who required ECMO support and transport at the intensive care unit(ICU)center between 2017 and 2023.The study utilized standard ECMO transport protocols and conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis of the collected clinical data and transport processes.The 28-day survival rate for ECMO patients was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis,while logistic regression identified prognostic factors.Result:Out of 303 patients supported with ECMO,111(36.6%)were transported.69.4%of the transport group were male,mean age was(42.0±17.0)years,mean body mass index was(24.4±4.6)kg/m2,and veno-arterial-ECMO accounted for 52.5%.The median transportation distance was 190(interquartile range[IQR]:70-260)km,and the longest distance was 8100 km.The median transit time was 180(IQR:100-260)min,and the maximum duration was 1720 min.No severe adverse events including death or mechanical failure occurred during transportation.The 28-day survival rate was 64.7%(n=196)and ICU survival rate was 56.1%(n=170)for the entire cohort;whereas,the 28-day survival rate was 72.1%(n=80)and ICU survival rate was 66.7%(n=74)in the transport group.A non-significant difference in 28-day survival was observed between the two groups after propensity score matching(P=0.56).Additionally,we found that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score(odds ratio[OR]=1.06,P<0.01),lactate levels(>5 mmol/L,OR=2.80,P=0.01),and renal replacement therapy initiation(OR=3.03,P<0.01)were associated with increased mortality risk.Conclusion:Transporting patients on ECMO between medical facilities is a safe procedure that does not increase patient mortality rates,provided it is orchestrated and executed by proficient transport teams.The prognostic outcome for these patients is predominantly influenced by their pre-existing medical conditions or by complications that may develop during the course of ECMO therapy.These results form the basis for the creation of specialized ECMO network hubs within healthcare regions.
基金financial support of the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFB4607402 and 2016YFA0200500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.61975213,61475164 and 61205194)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ2021130)。
文摘Microrobots play an essential role in early diagnosis and precision medicine with the increasing demands for controllability in bio-medicine and micromanipulation,which can complete the pre-designed behavior under external stimulation.However,most microrobots are currently made of a single material system and focus on fabricating a driving module as the main structure of microrobots.This hinders the integration of diverse functions in one microrobot to fulfill the complex application.Here,a multi-material and multi-module hand-microrobot based on femtosecond laser direct writing technology is proposed,which has a pH-responsive capturing module and a magnetic-responsive transportation module(MRTM).This microrobot can not only respond to pH for capturing and releasing objects,but also respond to magnetic fields for cargo delivery even with obstacles.The two responding modules of the hand-microrobot are fabricated independently,and can collaborate with each other to achieve the delivery of target objects like polystyrene(PS)microsphere(10µm)or 786-O cell by capturing,transporting,and spatial rolling.Besides,the MRTM can be locally fabricated on any prefabricated static structure,so that the whole microrobot can achieve controllable motion.This strategy is expected to be used to manipulate cells,deliver drugs for precise treatment,and environmental treatment.
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
文摘The longitudinal π-extension of carbon nanohoops is one of the most effective bottom-up synthetic strategies toward carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Herein,the precise synthesis of a multi-substituted carbon nanohoop([12]CPP-8PBPy)based on cycloparaphenylenes(CPPs)grafted with eight pyrene-functionalized units was reported.This structurally well-defined nanohoop not only acts as a segment of armchair-type CNTs but also achieves enhanced longitudinal π-extension.The structure of[12]CPP-8PBPy was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The photophysical properties were studied by UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy.The potential applications of[12]CPP-8PBPy in electron-transport devices were further investigated.
基金Special Fund for Key Technologies in Blockchain of Shanghai Scientific and Technological Committee(23511100300)。
文摘Post-quantum transport layer security(PQ-TLS)is capable of effectively defending against quantum threats to current network communications,whereas its larger public key and certificate sizes as well as higher computational overhead may result in a significant performance reduction compared with conventional TLS.In this paper,we present a systematic evaluation of PQ-TLS performance across diverse deployment scenarios to address the following critical research questions.(1)What is the performance behavior of PQ-TLS across different TLS modes?(2)How does PQ-TLS perform across varying client scales?(3)Which network topology is most suitable for PQ-TLS?(4)How does PQ-TLS perform on personal computers(PCs)compared to embedded IoT devices?To the best of our knowledge,this is the first work to comprehensively address these issues,offering implementers some insights into PQ-TLS performance and guidance for optimizing it across diverse scenarios.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004152)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024ME006,ZR2023QE133,ZR2020QE100)+2 种基金Small and Medium-sized Technology Enterprises in Shandong Province(2022TSGC2077)Shandong College Youth Science and Technology Support Program(2023KJ149)National Key Laboratory Open Project Open Fund(2023-JSKSSYS-06)。
文摘This research conducts a comprehensive experimental study of the entire filling system process at the Weishan Lake Rare Earth Mine(WSLREM)in Shandong Province,encompassing tailings thickening,feeding,slurry preparation,and pipeline transportation.It proposes a complete and efficient upgrade solution for an intelligent paste filling system.The results show that the F1 flocculant was selected to prepare a flocculant solution with a solution concentration of 0.1%.The unit consumption is set to 25 g·t^(-1),and the flocculation and sedimentation effects are optimal when the mass concentration is 15%,with an underflow concentration of 62%.The selection experiment of cementitious material shows that the effect of using new cementitious material is better than that of traditional 32.5R Portland cement.At the same time,rheological experiments on the filling slurry were carried out,and the filling transportation pressure was studied by combining theoretical calculations with numerical simulations.The research results have guiding significance for the debugging of filling pumps and the selection of a filling pipeline.After the application of industrial transformation,the underflow concentration of the sand silo was 64%–66%,the slurry concentration was 68%–72%,the addition range of the cementing material was 1∶16–1∶4,and the filling capacity was 40–60 m^(3)·h^(-1).The intelligent upgrade and transformation of the filling system have yielded remarkable results,providing significant reference value for the intelligent filling transformation of similar mines.
文摘Purpose-This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Brazilian freight railway system,examining the efficacy of the current concession renewal model in light of persistent structural problems such as market concentration,cargo dependence on export commodities and underutilization of the network.Situating Brazil within the broader international debate on railway reforms,the paper evaluates whether the ongoing early renewal of concessions can deliver a more diversified and competitive freight system.Design/methodology/approach-The study adopts a sequential mixed-methods research design that integrates longitudinal quantitative analysis with qualitative institutional and policy evaluation.The quantitative component examines time-series indicators published by ANTT,DNIT and INFRA S.A.from 1999 to 2023 to identify structural patterns in traffic growth,investment,safety and market concentration.The qualitative component employs a process-tracing logic to reconstruct the evolution of concession renewals and the implementation of Railway Law 14.273/2021,drawing on concepts from regulatory economics,institutional theory and industrial organization.These empirical streams are synthesized through an analytical framework that connects three dimensions-regulatory design,market structure and system performance-allowing for a systematic assessment of how Brazil’s institutional configuration shapes incentives,competitive dynamics and network utilization.Findings-The analysis confirms that the early renewal of concessions has successfully secured substantial private investment for capacity expansion on existing trunk lines.However,it has perpetuated the vertically integrated model,reinforcing the market power of incumbent operators and failing to significantly promote intramodal competition or cargo diversification.The system remains dominated by iron ore and agricultural commodities,with general cargo representing a minuscule share.The new authorization regime and short-line railway policies present a viable pathway for market opening but face significant operational and institutional barriers to implementation.Originality/value-This research offers a timely and critical assessment of a pivotal moment in Brazilian railway policy.It moves beyond a simplistic evaluation of volume growth to a structural analysis of market failures and the interplay between concession renewal and regulatory innovation.The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers in Brazil and other emerging economies seeking to balance private investment with public interest goals in railway infrastructure,highlighting the necessity of complementary,pro-competitive measures alongside financial investment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32560065 and 32572249)the Guizhou Provincial Excellent Young Talents Project of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.qiankehepingtairencai-YQK(2023)002)+4 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects,China(Grant Nos.qiankehechengguo(2024)General 116 and qiankehejichu-ZK(2022)Key 008)the Key Laboratory of High Quality,High Efficiency,and Yield Enhancement in Grain and Oil Crops,China(Grant No.Qiankehe-Platform ZSYS(2025)037)the Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education,China(Grant No.Qianjiaoji(2023)007)Guizhou Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Program(Grant No.GZSDCYJSTX-202602)the Qiandongnan Science and Technology Support Project,China(Grant No.Qiandongnan Kehe Support(2023)07).
文摘Synergistically improving the yield and grain quality of rice remains a major breeding challenge.Amino acid transporters play key roles in regulating plant growth and development,but their mechanisms in synergistically regulating yield and quality remain unclear.Here,we report that the plasma membrane-localized transporter OsAAP18,which is more highly expressed in indica than japonica rice,positively correlates with tiller number and yield but negatively with grain width.OsAAP18 transports eight amino acids,including asparagine(Asn),proline(Pro),leucine(Leu),and valine(Val).Its overexpression increases yield through enhanced tillering and grain number per panicle while also improving rice processing and cooking quality.Transcriptome analysis showed that OsAAP18 coordinates grain development and quality formation by regulating the expression of key genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,and plant hormone signaling pathways.These findings establish OsAAP18 as a dual-function regulator that synergistically enhances yield and quality,offering a promising target for rice breeding.
基金China Scholarship Council(CSCto XL)and a generous heritage donation from Bettina Fischer,Germany(to JCK).
文摘Aging is characterized by a decreased autophagic activity contributing to the intracellular deposition of damaged organelles and macromolecules.Autophagy is particularly challenging in neurons since autophagic vesicles are formed at the axonal tip and must be transported to the soma where final degradation occurs.Here,we examined if axonal transport of autophagic vesicles is altered during aging.We employed two-photon microscopy for in vivo imaging in the optic nerve of young and aged rats.In old animals(>18 months old),retrograde autophagic vesicle transport was significantly reduced with regard to motility and velocity.While activation of autophagy was decreased,expression of key proteins of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway including p62 and procathepsin D and the number of autophagolysosomes was increased.Maturation of autophagic vesicles was shifted to more distal regions of the axon and axonal lysosomal clearing was impaired.In a pull-down assay,the protein binding between dynein and dynactin was decreased by half,which could explain the retrograde axonal transport effects.Taken together,retrograde axonal autophagic vesicle transport in vivo is diminished during aging accompanied by decreased autophagy activation,alterations of the lysosomal pathway,and a reduced dynein-dynactin binding.
文摘The South Central Axis in Beijing showcases China’s image and highlights its cultural confidence.THE Central Axis is the centerpiece of the Chinese capital’s urban spatial layout.The southern extended section of the Central Axis,or the South Central Axis,stretches from the Yongdingmen Gate Tower in the north to the South Fifth Ring Road in the south.While being a strategic transport link facilitating the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,it also showcases China’s vision for the future and highlights its cultural confidence.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programme of China(2021YFB3202200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072333)Hebei Provincial Department of Education in the postgraduate innovation ability training funding project(CXZZBS2023061).
文摘In intelligent transportation systems,object detection for a surveillance video is one of the important functions.The performance of existing surveillance video object detection algorithms is affected by the conflict between the features of the objects,which leads to a decline in precision.Therefore,an object detection algorithm based on deep learning and salient feature fusion is proposed.The proposed method introduces a non-weight-sharing network to process the salient features of the image and fuse them with the features extracted from the red blue green branch.Different from the previous solutions,the salient feature extraction branch uses the boundary features and statistical features of the image and fuses the features of the two branches in the efficient layer aggregation networks structure.At the same time,the attention module is used in efficient layer aggregation networks with convolutional block attention module to improve the efficiency of feature utilisation.The training and evaluation are carried out in the constructed surveillance video feature conflict dataset,and eight scenes are constructed in the way of orthogonal experiments.The experimental results show that the performance of object detection can be significantly improved by using the proposed method in the object detection task of the intelligent transportation system surveillance video feature conflict scene.
