This paper proposes Flex-QUIC,an AIempowered quick UDP Internet connections(QUIC)enhancement framework that addresses the challenge of degraded transmission efficiency caused by the static parameterization of acknowle...This paper proposes Flex-QUIC,an AIempowered quick UDP Internet connections(QUIC)enhancement framework that addresses the challenge of degraded transmission efficiency caused by the static parameterization of acknowledgment(ACK)mechanisms,loss detection,and forward error correction(FEC)in dynamic wireless networks.Unlike the standard QUIC protocol,Flex-QUIC systematically integrates machine learning across three critical modules to achieve high-efficiency operation.First,a contextual multi-armed bandit-based ACK adaptation mechanism optimizes the ACK ratio to reduce wireless channel contention.Second,the adaptive loss detection module utilizes a long short-term memory(LSTM)model to predict the reordering displacement for optimizing the packet reordering tolerance.Third,the FEC transmission scheme jointly adjusts the redundancy level based on the LSTM-predicted loss rate and congestion window state.Extensive evaluations across Wi-Fi,5G,and satellite network scenarios demonstrate that Flex-QUIC significantly improves throughput and latency reduction compared to the standard QUIC and other enhanced QUIC variants,highlighting its adaptability to diverse and dynamic network conditions.Finally,we further discuss open issues in deploying AI-native transport protocols.展开更多
An explicit congestion notification (ECN)-based distributed transport protocol,ARROW-WTCP (AcceleRate tRansmission towards Optimal Window size TCP for Wireless network),was proposed.The ARROW-WTCP enables feasible dep...An explicit congestion notification (ECN)-based distributed transport protocol,ARROW-WTCP (AcceleRate tRansmission towards Optimal Window size TCP for Wireless network),was proposed.The ARROW-WTCP enables feasible deployment of ARROW-TCP from wired to wireless networks by providing a joint design of source and router algorithms.The protocol obtains the actual capacity of the wireless channel by calculating the queue variation in base station (BS) and adjusts the congestion window by using the feedback from its bottleneck link.The simulation results show that the ARROW-WTCP achieves strong stability,max-min fairness in dynamic networks,fast convergence to efficiency without introducing much excess traffic,and almost full link utilization in the steady state.It outperforms the XCP-B (eXplicit Control Protocol Blind),the wireless version of XCP,in terms of stability,fairness,convergence and utilization in wireless networks.展开更多
This paper proposed a practical- feedback scheme for fountain codes based transportprotocol in space communications. In the proposed scheme, the sender is signaled by two types of acknowledgment （ACK） packets.Before...This paper proposed a practical- feedback scheme for fountain codes based transportprotocol in space communications. In the proposed scheme, the sender is signaled by two types of acknowledgment （ACK） packets.Before decoding, packet loss probability isestimated on the receiver side and encapsulated intoa soft ACKand sent to the sender.After decoding,decoding results are encapsulated into hard ACKsandsent to the sender. There are two contributionsin the proposed scheme： 1. Empl layer calculation instead layer statistics to estimate oying physical of application the packet loss probability of space channel, which can improvethe accuracy and practicality. 2. A cascade overhead-failure probability relationship between the sender and the receiver has been analyzed to help determine the exact numberof packetsneeded byfountain decoding.Simulations show that for space communications,compared with the existing space transport protocols, fountain codes based transport protoeolwith the proposed schemecan not only ensure transmission reliability, but also greatly improvelink utilization.展开更多
As a result of the exponential growing rate of worldwide Internet usage, satellite systems are required to support broadband Internet applications. The transmission control protocol （TCP） which is widely used in the...As a result of the exponential growing rate of worldwide Internet usage, satellite systems are required to support broadband Internet applications. The transmission control protocol （TCP） which is widely used in the Internet, performs very well on wired networks. However, in the case of satellite channels, clue to the delay and transmission errors, TCP performance degrades significantly and bandwidth of satellite links can not be fully utilized. To improve the TCP performance, a new idea of placing a TCP spoofing proxy in the satellite is considered. A Novel Satellite Transport Protocol （NSTP） which takes advantage of the special properties of the satellite channel is also proposed. By using simulation, as compared with traditional TCPs, the on-board spoofing proxy integrated with the special transport protocol can significantly enhance throughput performance on the high BER satellite link, the time needed to transfer files and the bandwidth used in reverse path are sharply reduced.展开更多
New wireless sensor network applications (e.g., military surveillance) require higher reliability than a simple best effort service could provide. Classical reliable transport protocols like Transmission Control Proto...New wireless sensor network applications (e.g., military surveillance) require higher reliability than a simple best effort service could provide. Classical reliable transport protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are not well suited for wireless sensor networks due to both the characteristics of the network nodes (low computing power, strong energy constraints) and those of the main applications running on those nodes (low data rates). Recent researches present new transport protocols for wireless sensor networks providing various type of reliability and using new mechanisms for loss detection and recovery, and congestion control. This paper presents a survey on reliable transport protocol for WSNs.展开更多
This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture m...This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture model are presented. A transport protocol specification using the finite state automata (FSA) is given. The correctness of the protocol is verified by using the reachability tree technique with respect to the protocol properties of completeness, deadlock and livelock freeness, termination and reachability.展开更多
Technologies for retransmission control and error correction are available for communications over the Internet to improve reliability of data. For communications that require the data reliability be ensured, TCP, whi...Technologies for retransmission control and error correction are available for communications over the Internet to improve reliability of data. For communications that require the data reliability be ensured, TCP, which performs retransmission control, is often employed. However, for environments and services where response confirmation and retransmission are difficult, error correction technologies are employed. Error correction is generally implemented on UDP, but the existing framework implemented on UDP frequently does not consider the maximum frame size of the data link layer and relegates data division to the IP module. The IP module divides data according to the maximum size for the data link, and the receiving IP module reconstructs the divided data. For a data link layer typified by the current Ethernet with an error detection function, the frame is often destroyed upon error detection. At the IP module, the specification allows destruction of the entire dataset whenever divided data necessary for reconstruction is incomplete. Consequently, an error in a single bit results in a total loss of data handed to the IP module, and thus error correction performance declines with the increase in data size handed to the IP module. The present study considers the MTU of the data link layer and proposes error correction protocol (ECP) over IP, which decreases the transfer data volume flowing to the data link layer by dividing data into blocks of appropriate size based on designated error correction code and its parameters (thus improving error correction performance) and assesses the performance of ECP. Experimental results demonstrate that performance is comparable or better than existing error correction frameworks. Results also show that when a specification not ensuring the reliability of the data link layer was employed, error correction was superior to existing frameworks on UDP.展开更多
边缘计算作为5G、工业互联网等新兴技术落地的核心载体,对承载网络提出低时延、高可靠、大带宽、灵活调度的要求。剖析边缘计算场景的承载需求及光传送网(Optical Transport Network,OTN)、网际互连协议化无线接入网(Internet Protocol ...边缘计算作为5G、工业互联网等新兴技术落地的核心载体,对承载网络提出低时延、高可靠、大带宽、灵活调度的要求。剖析边缘计算场景的承载需求及光传送网(Optical Transport Network,OTN)、网际互连协议化无线接入网(Internet Protocol Radio Access Network,IPRAN)的技术特性,随后对融合组网关键技术进行分析,通过构建试验平台验证融合组网的性能优势,并针对现存问题提出优化策略,旨在为边缘计算场景提供高效、可靠的承载解决方案。展开更多
The “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to a set of intelligent “objects” that can communicate with each other directly or through a network. The IoT is the embodiment of the idea that everything can be connected an...The “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to a set of intelligent “objects” that can communicate with each other directly or through a network. The IoT is the embodiment of the idea that everything can be connected anywhere and at any time. The concept can be applied to sectors such as e-health, e-government, automotive, geographic information systems, remote sensing, home networking, e-commerce and climate change mitigation. Unlike the Internet, the IoT has its own constraints, notably those linked to heterogeneity. This divergence is linked to different protocols, technologies and algorithms implemented in these connected objects for their interconnection. It should be noted that IoT devices can communicate with each other using different protocols and dedicated M2M (Machine to Machine) communication technologies. The aim of this work is to find solutions for optimising energy consumption during data exchanges between connected objects, with respect to certain constraints by using firstly this exchange for only Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and secondly the combination of the MQTT protocol and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) protocol to check the quantity of the energy optimized. The MQTT protocol, for example, is one of the most widely used protocols for connected objects. Admittedly, this protocol consumes less energy, but in the situation of a very large number of users, the problem of saturation inevitably arises. In this article, we propose a solution of optimising energy consumption by combining the MQTT protocol with the CoAP protocol which can allow to use the standby mode contrary to the use of MQTT where the broker is always being turning. This solution has not yet been implemented but is being discussed. In this article, we’re going to use the joulemeter which is an application developed by Microsoft to measure and estimate the energy consumption of computers and applications. In our case, we take the example of the “Service Broker for network connections” of the Windows’s 10 Operating System, in my own computer to show the difference between the consumption of energy without the standby mode and with standby mode, because with the MQTT, the Broker’s MQTT is always on. Now, with the combination MQTT and CoAP, it is possible that we have standby mode and to compare these two cases in term of consumption of an energy. And to do it, we must use the joulemeter that we installed in our computer to simulate it. This is achieved by using the CoAP protocol combined with the MQTT protocol. The aim of our work is to reduce energy consumption in order to solve the problem of saturation of the MQTT by linking it to CoAP protocol by using Joulemeter mentioned above.展开更多
针对基于控制器局域网络(controller area network,CAN)总线J1939协议的请求响应类报文传统开发方式配置参数复杂、软件升级适应性差的问题,结合请求响应类报文不同协议数据单元(protocal data unit,PDU)格式、参数组编号(parameter gro...针对基于控制器局域网络(controller area network,CAN)总线J1939协议的请求响应类报文传统开发方式配置参数复杂、软件升级适应性差的问题,结合请求响应类报文不同协议数据单元(protocal data unit,PDU)格式、参数组编号(parameter group number,PGN)请求报文传输方式对应的数据响应及传输协议连接管理下广播公告消息(broadcast announce message,BAM)、请求发送(request to send,RTS)报文、准备发送(clear to send,CTS)报文、消息结束应答(end of message acknowledgment,EMA)报文与放弃连接(connection abort,CA)报文5种报文格式的组成与属性,优化报文数据处理流程,采用PDU1格式下特定请求报文特定单包响应、PDU2格式下特定请求报文全局单包响应、PDU1格式下特定请求连接模式下的请求发送报文多包响应、PDU2格式下全局请求广播公告消息报文多包响应4种数据传输类型进行验证。结果表明:请求响应类报文开发采用优化后的数据传输流程,报文数据配置更灵活,标定参数减少,升级流程简化,PGN请求报文识别灵活,自适应响应能力提高。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China with Grant number 2019YFB1803400.
文摘This paper proposes Flex-QUIC,an AIempowered quick UDP Internet connections(QUIC)enhancement framework that addresses the challenge of degraded transmission efficiency caused by the static parameterization of acknowledgment(ACK)mechanisms,loss detection,and forward error correction(FEC)in dynamic wireless networks.Unlike the standard QUIC protocol,Flex-QUIC systematically integrates machine learning across three critical modules to achieve high-efficiency operation.First,a contextual multi-armed bandit-based ACK adaptation mechanism optimizes the ACK ratio to reduce wireless channel contention.Second,the adaptive loss detection module utilizes a long short-term memory(LSTM)model to predict the reordering displacement for optimizing the packet reordering tolerance.Third,the FEC transmission scheme jointly adjusts the redundancy level based on the LSTM-predicted loss rate and congestion window state.Extensive evaluations across Wi-Fi,5G,and satellite network scenarios demonstrate that Flex-QUIC significantly improves throughput and latency reduction compared to the standard QUIC and other enhanced QUIC variants,highlighting its adaptability to diverse and dynamic network conditions.Finally,we further discuss open issues in deploying AI-native transport protocols.
基金Projects(60873265,60903222) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(IRT0661) supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China
文摘An explicit congestion notification (ECN)-based distributed transport protocol,ARROW-WTCP (AcceleRate tRansmission towards Optimal Window size TCP for Wireless network),was proposed.The ARROW-WTCP enables feasible deployment of ARROW-TCP from wired to wireless networks by providing a joint design of source and router algorithms.The protocol obtains the actual capacity of the wireless channel by calculating the queue variation in base station (BS) and adjusts the congestion window by using the feedback from its bottleneck link.The simulation results show that the ARROW-WTCP achieves strong stability,max-min fairness in dynamic networks,fast convergence to efficiency without introducing much excess traffic,and almost full link utilization in the steady state.It outperforms the XCP-B (eXplicit Control Protocol Blind),the wireless version of XCP,in terms of stability,fairness,convergence and utilization in wireless networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant No. 61132002National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) under grant No. 2014CB340206+1 种基金the Creative Research Groups of NSFC under grant No. 61321061Aerospace Communications and Terminal Application Technologies Engineering Laboratory in Shenzhen under No.JCYJ20120619140254275
文摘This paper proposed a practical- feedback scheme for fountain codes based transportprotocol in space communications. In the proposed scheme, the sender is signaled by two types of acknowledgment （ACK） packets.Before decoding, packet loss probability isestimated on the receiver side and encapsulated intoa soft ACKand sent to the sender.After decoding,decoding results are encapsulated into hard ACKsandsent to the sender. There are two contributionsin the proposed scheme： 1. Empl layer calculation instead layer statistics to estimate oying physical of application the packet loss probability of space channel, which can improvethe accuracy and practicality. 2. A cascade overhead-failure probability relationship between the sender and the receiver has been analyzed to help determine the exact numberof packetsneeded byfountain decoding.Simulations show that for space communications,compared with the existing space transport protocols, fountain codes based transport protoeolwith the proposed schemecan not only ensure transmission reliability, but also greatly improvelink utilization.
文摘As a result of the exponential growing rate of worldwide Internet usage, satellite systems are required to support broadband Internet applications. The transmission control protocol （TCP） which is widely used in the Internet, performs very well on wired networks. However, in the case of satellite channels, clue to the delay and transmission errors, TCP performance degrades significantly and bandwidth of satellite links can not be fully utilized. To improve the TCP performance, a new idea of placing a TCP spoofing proxy in the satellite is considered. A Novel Satellite Transport Protocol （NSTP） which takes advantage of the special properties of the satellite channel is also proposed. By using simulation, as compared with traditional TCPs, the on-board spoofing proxy integrated with the special transport protocol can significantly enhance throughput performance on the high BER satellite link, the time needed to transfer files and the bandwidth used in reverse path are sharply reduced.
文摘New wireless sensor network applications (e.g., military surveillance) require higher reliability than a simple best effort service could provide. Classical reliable transport protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are not well suited for wireless sensor networks due to both the characteristics of the network nodes (low computing power, strong energy constraints) and those of the main applications running on those nodes (low data rates). Recent researches present new transport protocols for wireless sensor networks providing various type of reliability and using new mechanisms for loss detection and recovery, and congestion control. This paper presents a survey on reliable transport protocol for WSNs.
文摘This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture model are presented. A transport protocol specification using the finite state automata (FSA) is given. The correctness of the protocol is verified by using the reachability tree technique with respect to the protocol properties of completeness, deadlock and livelock freeness, termination and reachability.
文摘Technologies for retransmission control and error correction are available for communications over the Internet to improve reliability of data. For communications that require the data reliability be ensured, TCP, which performs retransmission control, is often employed. However, for environments and services where response confirmation and retransmission are difficult, error correction technologies are employed. Error correction is generally implemented on UDP, but the existing framework implemented on UDP frequently does not consider the maximum frame size of the data link layer and relegates data division to the IP module. The IP module divides data according to the maximum size for the data link, and the receiving IP module reconstructs the divided data. For a data link layer typified by the current Ethernet with an error detection function, the frame is often destroyed upon error detection. At the IP module, the specification allows destruction of the entire dataset whenever divided data necessary for reconstruction is incomplete. Consequently, an error in a single bit results in a total loss of data handed to the IP module, and thus error correction performance declines with the increase in data size handed to the IP module. The present study considers the MTU of the data link layer and proposes error correction protocol (ECP) over IP, which decreases the transfer data volume flowing to the data link layer by dividing data into blocks of appropriate size based on designated error correction code and its parameters (thus improving error correction performance) and assesses the performance of ECP. Experimental results demonstrate that performance is comparable or better than existing error correction frameworks. Results also show that when a specification not ensuring the reliability of the data link layer was employed, error correction was superior to existing frameworks on UDP.
文摘边缘计算作为5G、工业互联网等新兴技术落地的核心载体,对承载网络提出低时延、高可靠、大带宽、灵活调度的要求。剖析边缘计算场景的承载需求及光传送网(Optical Transport Network,OTN)、网际互连协议化无线接入网(Internet Protocol Radio Access Network,IPRAN)的技术特性,随后对融合组网关键技术进行分析,通过构建试验平台验证融合组网的性能优势,并针对现存问题提出优化策略,旨在为边缘计算场景提供高效、可靠的承载解决方案。
文摘The “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to a set of intelligent “objects” that can communicate with each other directly or through a network. The IoT is the embodiment of the idea that everything can be connected anywhere and at any time. The concept can be applied to sectors such as e-health, e-government, automotive, geographic information systems, remote sensing, home networking, e-commerce and climate change mitigation. Unlike the Internet, the IoT has its own constraints, notably those linked to heterogeneity. This divergence is linked to different protocols, technologies and algorithms implemented in these connected objects for their interconnection. It should be noted that IoT devices can communicate with each other using different protocols and dedicated M2M (Machine to Machine) communication technologies. The aim of this work is to find solutions for optimising energy consumption during data exchanges between connected objects, with respect to certain constraints by using firstly this exchange for only Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and secondly the combination of the MQTT protocol and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) protocol to check the quantity of the energy optimized. The MQTT protocol, for example, is one of the most widely used protocols for connected objects. Admittedly, this protocol consumes less energy, but in the situation of a very large number of users, the problem of saturation inevitably arises. In this article, we propose a solution of optimising energy consumption by combining the MQTT protocol with the CoAP protocol which can allow to use the standby mode contrary to the use of MQTT where the broker is always being turning. This solution has not yet been implemented but is being discussed. In this article, we’re going to use the joulemeter which is an application developed by Microsoft to measure and estimate the energy consumption of computers and applications. In our case, we take the example of the “Service Broker for network connections” of the Windows’s 10 Operating System, in my own computer to show the difference between the consumption of energy without the standby mode and with standby mode, because with the MQTT, the Broker’s MQTT is always on. Now, with the combination MQTT and CoAP, it is possible that we have standby mode and to compare these two cases in term of consumption of an energy. And to do it, we must use the joulemeter that we installed in our computer to simulate it. This is achieved by using the CoAP protocol combined with the MQTT protocol. The aim of our work is to reduce energy consumption in order to solve the problem of saturation of the MQTT by linking it to CoAP protocol by using Joulemeter mentioned above.
文摘针对基于控制器局域网络(controller area network,CAN)总线J1939协议的请求响应类报文传统开发方式配置参数复杂、软件升级适应性差的问题,结合请求响应类报文不同协议数据单元(protocal data unit,PDU)格式、参数组编号(parameter group number,PGN)请求报文传输方式对应的数据响应及传输协议连接管理下广播公告消息(broadcast announce message,BAM)、请求发送(request to send,RTS)报文、准备发送(clear to send,CTS)报文、消息结束应答(end of message acknowledgment,EMA)报文与放弃连接(connection abort,CA)报文5种报文格式的组成与属性,优化报文数据处理流程,采用PDU1格式下特定请求报文特定单包响应、PDU2格式下特定请求报文全局单包响应、PDU1格式下特定请求连接模式下的请求发送报文多包响应、PDU2格式下全局请求广播公告消息报文多包响应4种数据传输类型进行验证。结果表明:请求响应类报文开发采用优化后的数据传输流程,报文数据配置更灵活,标定参数减少,升级流程简化,PGN请求报文识别灵活,自适应响应能力提高。
