With regard to wildlife translocations and the assessment of potential risk of disease transmission, several advances have been made in conservative projects. However, other factors like the large number of species re...With regard to wildlife translocations and the assessment of potential risk of disease transmission, several advances have been made in conservative projects. However, other factors like the large number of species received at screening centers from different locations, rescued after being hit by vehicles, taken by the public or confiscated from illegal trade by the authorities, have increased the risk of spreading, emergence or reemergence of zoonosis. Besides the notorious importance of the procedure improvement for managing wildlife, the access to as much as possible information about the occurrence of potential infections on each particular species can be a tool of great value for mitigating the disease risk. In the present paper, it was showed the evolution of processes for wildlife translocations mostly related to mammals, we also discussed some aspects related to sylvatic animals as reservoir host of zoonosis and finally were presented several tables recording numerous mammals hosts and their respective parasitic protozoa.展开更多
In order to develop more wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of H. villosa, T. durum-H, villosa amphiploid was irradiated with ^60Co γ-rays at doses of 800, ...In order to develop more wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of H. villosa, T. durum-H, villosa amphiploid was irradiated with ^60Co γ-rays at doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 rad. Pollen collected from the spikes 1, 2, and 3 days after irradiation were transferred to emasculated spikes of the common wheat cv. ‘Chinese Spring＇. Genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify wheat-H, villosa chromosome translocations in the M1 generation. Transmission of the identified translocation chromosomes was analyzed in the BC1, BC2, and BC3 generations. The results indicated that all three irradiation doses were highly efficient for inducing wheat-alien translocations without affecting the viability of the M1 seeds. Within the range of 800-1,600 rad, both the efficiency of translocation induction and the frequency of interstitial chromosome breakage-fusion increased as the irradiation dosage increased. A higher translocation induction frequency was observed using pollen collected from the spikes 1 day after irradiation over that of 2 or 3 days after irradiation. More than 70% of the translocations detected in the M1 generation were transmitted to the BC1 through the female gametes. All translocations recovered in the BC1 generation were recovered in the following BC2, and BC3 generations. The transmission ability of different translocation types in different genetic backgrounds showed an order of ‘whole-arm translocation 〉 small alien segment translocation 〉 large alien segment translocation＇, through either male or female gametes, In general, the transmission ability through the female gametes was higher than that through the male gametes. By this approach, 14 translocation lines that involved different H. villosa chromosomes have been identified in the BC3 using EST-STS markers, and eight of them were homozygous.展开更多
We analysed ejaculated spermatozoa from five infertile men with different balanced reciprocal translocations to contribute to the study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes 18, X and Y and also to evaluate sperm morp...We analysed ejaculated spermatozoa from five infertile men with different balanced reciprocal translocations to contribute to the study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes 18, X and Y and also to evaluate sperm morphology by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） analysis. Conventional lymphocyte karyotype analyses highlighted dif- ferent reciprocal balanced translocations： t（12; 13）, t（4;9）, t（X;8）, t（8; 10） and t（3; 16）. Semen analysis was performed by light and TEM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed directly on sperm nuclei using centromeric probes for chromosomes 18, X and Y. The carriers of the balanced reciprocal translocations considered in the present study showed a very similar pattern of sperm pathologies： diffused presence of apoptosis and immaturity. All patients showed meiotic segregation derangements, highlighted by the presence of sperm diploidies and sex chromosome disomies particularly related to the failure of the first meiotic division. However, an increased incidence of chromosome 18 aneuploidy was detected in spermatozoa from t（X;8） and t（8;10） carriers. We have also reported values from sex chromosomes such as t（X;8）, although the X chromosome was involved in translocation. Since patients with reciprocal translocations and spermatogenetic impairment are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, the study of sperm parameters, and particularly of the level of aneuploidy rates, would provide better information for couples at risk and would contribute to the data in the literature for a better understanding of the effects of chromosomal rearrangement on the whole meiotic process and, in particular, on chromosomes not involved in translocation.展开更多
With assistance of chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) combinedwith meiotic analysis, five germplasms with homozygous wheat-Th. bessarabicum chromosometranslocations were developed and identi...With assistance of chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) combinedwith meiotic analysis, five germplasms with homozygous wheat-Th. bessarabicum chromosometranslocations were developed and identified among BC1F5 progenies of the cross betweenT. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and Chinese Spring-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid. Theselines included Tj01 and Tj02 (2n=44) containing a pair of wheat-Th. bessarabicumtranslocation chromosomes besides a pair of added Th. bessarabicum chromosomes, Tj03(2n=44) with a pair of added interspecific translocation chromosomes, Tj04 (2n=44)containing a pair of interspecific translocation chromosomes besides an added pair ofTh. bessarabicum chromosome arms and Tj05 (2n=46) containing a pair of interspecifictranslocation chromosomes besides two pairs of added intact alien chromosomes. Thebreakpoints of all the translocations were found to be not around centromere. Meanwhile,all the lines showed normal plant growth, development and fertility, while the translocationchromosomes transmitted regularly. The obtained translocations might be of use fortransferring elite genes from Th. bessarabicum into wheat.展开更多
Translocations are an important conservation strategy for many species. However simply observing demographic growth of a translocated population is not sufficient to infer species recovery. Adequate genetic representa...Translocations are an important conservation strategy for many species. However simply observing demographic growth of a translocated population is not sufficient to infer species recovery. Adequate genetic representation of the source population（s） and their long-term viability should also be considered. The woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi has been subject to more formal translocations for conservation than any other marsupial that, up until recently, has resulted in one of the most suc- cessful species recoveries in Australia. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to assess the genetic outcomes of trans- located woylie populations. These populations have lost genetic variability, differentiated fxom their source population and the supplementation program on two island populations appears to have failed. We discuss the conservation implications that our re- suits have for managing threatened species, outline some general recommendations for the management of present and future translocations and discuss the appropriate sampling design for the establishment of new populations or captive breeding programs that may mitigate the genetic ＇erosion＇ seen in our study species. This research provides some practical outcomes and a pragmatic understanding of translocation biology. The findings are directly applicable to other translocation programs .展开更多
Multinanoparticles interacting with the phospholipid membranes in solution were studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulation.The selected nanoparticles have spherical or cylindrical shapes,and they have various...Multinanoparticles interacting with the phospholipid membranes in solution were studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulation.The selected nanoparticles have spherical or cylindrical shapes,and they have various initial velocities in the dynamical processes.Several translocation modes are defined according to their characteristics in the dynamical processes,in which the phase diagrams are constructed based on the interaction strengths between the particles and membranes and the initial velocities of particles.Furthermore,several parameters,such as the system energy and radius of gyration,are investigated in the dynamical processes for the various translocation modes.Results elucidate the effects of multiparticles interacting with the membranes in the biological processes.展开更多
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children, with the majority of cases being of precursor B-cell phenoltype. Conventional cytogenetic analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis...Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children, with the majority of cases being of precursor B-cell phenoltype. Conventional cytogenetic analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis of B-cell ALL, identifying characteristic chromosomal abnormalities associated with a given prognosis therein facilitating optimized treatment. The more recent introduction of microarray technology to the analysis of B-cell ALL has afforded both higher resolution for the detection of known abnormalities and an ability to identify novel copy number abnormalities (CNAs) with potential clinical relevance. In the current study, microarray analysis was performed on 20 cytogenetically abnormal B-cell ALL cases (10 pediatric and 10 adult), while a novel microarray-based balanced-translocation detection methodology (translocation CGH or tCGH) was applied to that subset of cases with a known or suspected recurrent balanced translocation. Standard microarray analysis identified that CNAs was not detected by previous conventional cytogenetics in 75% (15/20) cases. tCGH identified 9/9 (100%) balanced translocations defining BCR/ABL1 (x4), ETV6/RUNX1 (x3), and MLL/AFF1 (x2) breakpoints with high resolution. The results illustrate the improved molecular detail afforded by these technologies and a comparison of translocation breakpoints, CNAs and patient age offers new insights into tumor biology with potential prognostic significance.展开更多
Chromosomal aberrations have been associated with cancer development since their discovery more than a hundred years ago.Chromosomal translocations,a type of particular structural changes involving heterologous chromo...Chromosomal aberrations have been associated with cancer development since their discovery more than a hundred years ago.Chromosomal translocations,a type of particular structural changes involving heterologous chromosomes,have made a critical impact on diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of cancers.For example,the discovery of translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and the subsequent success of targeting the fusion product BCR-ABL transformed the therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia.In the past few decades,tremendous progress has been achieved towards elucidating the mechanism causing chromosomal translocations.This review focuses on the basic mechanisms underlying the generation of chromosomal translocations.In particular,the contribution of frequency of DNA double strand breaks and spatial proximity of translocating loci is discussed.展开更多
Haynaldia villosa possesses a lot of important agronomic traits and has been a powerful gene resource for wheat improvement. However, only several wheat-H, villosa translocation lines have been reported so far. In thi...Haynaldia villosa possesses a lot of important agronomic traits and has been a powerful gene resource for wheat improvement. However, only several wheat-H, villosa translocation lines have been reported so far. In this study, we attempted to develop an efficient method for inducing wheat-H, villosa chromosomal translocations. Triticum durum- Haynaldia villosa amphiploid pollen treated with 1 200 rad ^60Co-y-rays was pollinated to Triticum aestivum cv. ＇Chinese Spring＇. Ninety-eight intergeneric translocated chromosomes between T. durum and H. villosa were detected by genomic in situ hybridization in 44 of 61 M1 plants, indicating a translocation occurrence frequency of 72.1%; much higher than ever reported. There were 26, 62 and 10 translocated chromosomes involving whole arm translocations, terminal translocations, and intercarlary translocations, respectively. Of the total 108 breakage-fusion events, 79 involved interstitial regions and 29 involved centric regions. The ratio of small segment terminal translocations （W.W-V） was much higher than that of large segment terminal translocations （W-V.V）. All of the M1 plants were self-sterile, and their backcross progeny was all obtained with ＇Chinese Spring＇ as pollen donors. Transmission analysis showed that most of the translocations were transmittable. This study provides a new strategy for rapid mass production of wheat-alien chromosomal translocations, especially terminal translocations that will be more significant for wheat improvement.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for crop growth,making it important for maintaining food security as the global population continues to increase.Plants acquire P primarily via the uptake of inorganic phosphate(P...Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for crop growth,making it important for maintaining food security as the global population continues to increase.Plants acquire P primarily via the uptake of inorganic phosphate(Pi)in soil through their roots.Pi,which is usually sequestered in soils,is not easily absorbed by plants and represses plant growth.Plants have developed a series of mechanisms to cope with P deficiency.Moreover,P fertilizer applications are critical for maximizing crop yield.Maize is a major cereal crop cultivated worldwide.Increasing its P-use efficiency is important for optimizing maize production.Over the past two decades,considerable progresses have been achieved in studies aimed at adapting maize varieties to changes in environmental P supply.Here,we present an overview of the morphological,physiological,and molecular mechanisms involved in P acquisition,translocation,and redistribution in maize and combine the advances in Arabidopsis and rice,to better elucidate the progress of P nutrition.Additionally,we summarize the correlation between P and abiotic stress responses.Clarifying the mechanisms relevant to improving P absorption and use in maize can guide future research on sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil...Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.展开更多
It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases ...It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear.To simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke.We found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid.Further,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.However,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes.This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Lower levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin.By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear translocation.Altogether,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,...BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,miscarriage,or the birth of a child with a chromosomal abnormality.CASE SUMMARY We report six cases of chromosomal translocations involving three families,including the specific Robertson(Roche)translocation.Case 1:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XX,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 2:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 18 weeks of gestation confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 3:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XY,t(5;18)(p13;p11).Case 4:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 14+6 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XX,der(18)t(5;18)(p13;p11)pat.Case 5:The karyotype of the proband was 45,XY,der(14;22)(q10;q10).Case 6:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 19+4 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 45,XX,rob(14;22)(q10;q10).CONCLUSION Carriers of chromosomal translocations have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,though they can still have normal offspring.This report on six cases of chromosomal translocations from three families could serve as a reference for future prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal translocations and decision-making on whether to continue the pregnancy.展开更多
Chromosomal rearrangements(CRs)often cause phenotypic variations.Although several major rearrangements have been identified in Triticeae,a comprehensive study of the order,timing,and breakpoints of CRs has not been co...Chromosomal rearrangements(CRs)often cause phenotypic variations.Although several major rearrangements have been identified in Triticeae,a comprehensive study of the order,timing,and breakpoints of CRs has not been conducted.Here,we reconstruct high-quality ancestral genomes for the most recent common ancestor(MRCA)of the Triticeae,and the MRCA of the wheat lineage(Triticum and Aegilops).The protogenes of MRCA of the Triticeae and the wheat lineage are 22,894 and 29,060,respectively,which were arranged in their ancestral order.By partitioning modern Triticeae chromosomes into sets of syntenic regions and linking each to the corresponding protochromosomes,we revisit the rye chromosome structural evolution and propose alternative evolutionary routes.The previously identified 4L/5L reciprocal translocation in rye and Triticum urartu is found to have occurred independently and is unlikely to be the result of chromosomal introgression following distant hybridization.We also clarify that the 4AL/7BS translocation in tetraploid wheat was a bidirectional rather than unidirectional translocation event.Lastly,we identify several breakpoints in protochromosomes that independently reoccur following Triticeae evolution,representing potential CR hotspots.This study demonstrates that these reconstructed ancestral genomes can serve as special comparative references and facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of structural rearrangements in Triticeae.展开更多
Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environment...Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.展开更多
Soil and foliar applications of silicon(Si)and selenium(Se)fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops.However,it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium(Cd)...Soil and foliar applications of silicon(Si)and selenium(Se)fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops.However,it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)in soil and thereby their transfer to rice in Cd and Pb-polluted fields.In this study,seven treatments were set up in a field experiment conducted in a nonferrous metal mining area in Tongling City,Anhui Province,China:no Si/Se fertilization control(CK),basal Si/Se fertilization(Si-1/Se-1),basal and topdressing Si/Se fertilization(Si-2/Se-2),and basal,topdressing,and foliar Si/Se fertilization(Si-3/Se-3).The results indicated that compared to CK,rice yield increased by 3.94%-14.56%in the other treatments,with the most significant increase observed in Si-3 and Se-3.Additionally,the Cd content in brown rice decreased by 15.42%-51.55%,while Pb content decreased by 16.49%-47.18%.In all treatments except Si-1,both metal contents decreased to below the limits specified in China's food safety standard(GB 2762-2022).Furthermore,they impeded the translocation of these metals to the brown rice,thereby effectively diminishing metal accumulation in rice grain.The effect of Se fertilizer was better than Si fertilizer in decreasing the bioconcentration factors of Cd and Pb and inhibiting their translocation to brown rice.At the same time,the applications of Si and Se increased the Si and Se contents of rice aboveground parts,respectively,and the Se content of brown rice in Se-3 increased by 77.56%,meeting the Se enrichment standard(GB/T 22499-2008).The contents of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Cd and Pb in soil decreased in all Si/Se treatments by 25.53%and 22.37%in Se-3,respectively.All Si/Se treatments reduced the acid-exchangeable and reducible Cd and Pb in soil and transformed them into the more stable oxidizable and residual fractions.This study revealed that the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their translocation to brown rice were significantly reduced by the basal application combined with topdressing and foliar application of Si and Se fertilizers.展开更多
Considering the comprehensive morphology and genesis of Podzols of the Stolowe Mountains,and the still-possible impact of frost actions and other processes related to cold climate on these soils,the main aims of this ...Considering the comprehensive morphology and genesis of Podzols of the Stolowe Mountains,and the still-possible impact of frost actions and other processes related to cold climate on these soils,the main aims of this study were to determine whether(i)the heterogeneous Podzols in the Stolowe Mountains underwent a phase of development in a cold climate,resulting in frost action features visible on the micromorphological level,and whether(ii)contemporary cryopedogenic traces are masked by the translocation of organic matter due to the podzolisation process.Four soil profiles were investigated,revealing distinct layers corresponding to different periods of soil formation.Under field observation,no explicit frost-related characteristics were observed.Nevertheless,micromorphological analysis revealed cappings of fine materials on grains or peds,as well as development of granostriated(or any striated)b-fabric that resulted from the alternating effects of thawing and freezing processes.Moreover,micromorphological analysis revealed the presence of microstructures that could be the result of cryogenic processes,such as platy,angular blocky and lenticular features,as well as plane,vugh and star-shaped void types.The translocation of organic matter during podzolisation modified or concealed the frost-related features that developed during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.This is evident,for instance,in the accumulation of organic matter on cappings and within soil voids,which further hinders the identification of frost-related characteristics and the interpretation of the soil's evolution.Macromorphological observations enhanced with micromorphological analyses revealed three distinct layers:(i)a young upper layer composed of loose,sandy material;(ii)a deeper layer containing a spodic horizon with frost actions,involving pedofeatures associated with the Pleistocene cold climate and(iii)a deeper subsoil basal layer.The abovementioned microstructures,combined with lithological discontinuity,support the hypothesised polygenetic origin of Podzols in the studied region.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibit...Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibits numerous biotic and abiotic stress resistance characteristics.In previous studies,FHB resistance of E.repens has been transferred into common wheat through a wheat-E.repens partial amphidiploid and derivative lines.This study reports the development,characterization,and breeding utilization of K140-7,a novel wheat-E.repens translocation line conferring resistance to FHB.Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)analyses demonstrated that K140-7 contained 40 common wheat chromosomes and two 7D·St translocation chromosomes.Subsequent characterization using oligonucleotide-FISH painting and single-gene FISH markers confirmed that the 7D fragment was a 7D short arm and the St fragment was a 7St long arm.Therefore,K140-7 was further identified as a 7DS·7StL translocation line with genetic compensation.Wheat 55K SNP array analysis of K140-7 demonstrated the 7DS·7StL translocation event.Field evaluations demonstrated that K140-7 exhibits agronomic performance comparable to its wheat parent.Based on St reference genome of Pseudoroegneria libanotica,21 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers specific to 7StL were developed.Genetic analysis established that 7StL confers FHB resistance and carries the dominant FHB resistance locus,designated as QFhb.Er-7StL.Introgression of QFhb.Er-7StL into elite wheat cultivars has generated three second-generation 7DS·7StL translocation lines with enhanced agronomic traits.This study provides valuable novel germplasms and specific molecular markers for FHB resistance breeding in wheat.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Warburg effect is common in cancers.Lactate and its receptor GPR81 play an important role in cancer progression.It is widely accepted that membrane receptor nuclear translocation plays some novel role i...BACKGROUND The Warburg effect is common in cancers.Lactate and its receptor GPR81 play an important role in cancer progression.It is widely accepted that membrane receptor nuclear translocation plays some novel role in cancer pathology.The mechanism by which the lactate/GPR81 axis regulates cancer malignancy remains unclear.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of GPR81 nuclear transportation promoted by exogenous lactate.METHODS Lung cancer cells were stimulated with exogenous lactate and GPR81 levels were measured by immunofluoresence and western blot analysis in membrane,cytoplasmic,and nuclear fractions.Lung cancer cells were transduced with a mutant GPR81 nuclear localization signal(NLS)construct,wild type GPR81 or empty vector and used to examine how GPR81 nuclear transportation affects lung cancer cells malignancy in vitro and in vivo.Immunoprecipitation Proteomics analysis and Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)sequencing were used to determine GPR81 interacting proteins and genes.RESULTS In response to hypoxia/Lactate stimulation,GPR81 translocates and accumulates in the nucleus of lung cancer cells.Functionally,GPR81 nuclear translocation promotes cancer cell proliferation and motility.Depletion of the GPR81 NLS depletes GPR81 nuclear levels and decreases cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro,as well as cancer cell malignancy in vivo.Proteomics analysis revealed a set of proteins including SFPQ,that interact with GPR81 in the cancer cell nucleus.Notably,the interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell growth and motility.ChIP sequencing analysis discovered that there is a set of genes targeted by GPR81.CONCLUSION The interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell malignancy.GPR81 nuclear translocation is critical in conferring cancer progression and may be a potential therapeutic target for limiting cancer progression.展开更多
Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and can lead to heavy yield loss(Chai et al.2020).Leaf rust can result in 50%yield loss dur...Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and can lead to heavy yield loss(Chai et al.2020).Leaf rust can result in 50%yield loss during epidemic years(Huerta-Espino et al.2011;Gebrewahid et al.2020;Kolomiets et al.2021).Breeding varieties resistant to leaf rust have been recognized as the most effective and economical method to mitigate wheat losses caused by Pt.The narrow genetic basis of wheat constrains the number of cultivars resistant to leaf rust(Jin et al.2021).展开更多
文摘With regard to wildlife translocations and the assessment of potential risk of disease transmission, several advances have been made in conservative projects. However, other factors like the large number of species received at screening centers from different locations, rescued after being hit by vehicles, taken by the public or confiscated from illegal trade by the authorities, have increased the risk of spreading, emergence or reemergence of zoonosis. Besides the notorious importance of the procedure improvement for managing wildlife, the access to as much as possible information about the occurrence of potential infections on each particular species can be a tool of great value for mitigating the disease risk. In the present paper, it was showed the evolution of processes for wildlife translocations mostly related to mammals, we also discussed some aspects related to sylvatic animals as reservoir host of zoonosis and finally were presented several tables recording numerous mammals hosts and their respective parasitic protozoa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30270827 and 30871519)the High Tech Program of China (No.2006AA100101,2006AA10Z1F6)the Ministry of Educate 111 Project (B08025)
文摘In order to develop more wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of H. villosa, T. durum-H, villosa amphiploid was irradiated with ^60Co γ-rays at doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 rad. Pollen collected from the spikes 1, 2, and 3 days after irradiation were transferred to emasculated spikes of the common wheat cv. ‘Chinese Spring＇. Genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify wheat-H, villosa chromosome translocations in the M1 generation. Transmission of the identified translocation chromosomes was analyzed in the BC1, BC2, and BC3 generations. The results indicated that all three irradiation doses were highly efficient for inducing wheat-alien translocations without affecting the viability of the M1 seeds. Within the range of 800-1,600 rad, both the efficiency of translocation induction and the frequency of interstitial chromosome breakage-fusion increased as the irradiation dosage increased. A higher translocation induction frequency was observed using pollen collected from the spikes 1 day after irradiation over that of 2 or 3 days after irradiation. More than 70% of the translocations detected in the M1 generation were transmitted to the BC1 through the female gametes. All translocations recovered in the BC1 generation were recovered in the following BC2, and BC3 generations. The transmission ability of different translocation types in different genetic backgrounds showed an order of ‘whole-arm translocation 〉 small alien segment translocation 〉 large alien segment translocation＇, through either male or female gametes, In general, the transmission ability through the female gametes was higher than that through the male gametes. By this approach, 14 translocation lines that involved different H. villosa chromosomes have been identified in the BC3 using EST-STS markers, and eight of them were homozygous.
文摘We analysed ejaculated spermatozoa from five infertile men with different balanced reciprocal translocations to contribute to the study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes 18, X and Y and also to evaluate sperm morphology by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） analysis. Conventional lymphocyte karyotype analyses highlighted dif- ferent reciprocal balanced translocations： t（12; 13）, t（4;9）, t（X;8）, t（8; 10） and t（3; 16）. Semen analysis was performed by light and TEM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed directly on sperm nuclei using centromeric probes for chromosomes 18, X and Y. The carriers of the balanced reciprocal translocations considered in the present study showed a very similar pattern of sperm pathologies： diffused presence of apoptosis and immaturity. All patients showed meiotic segregation derangements, highlighted by the presence of sperm diploidies and sex chromosome disomies particularly related to the failure of the first meiotic division. However, an increased incidence of chromosome 18 aneuploidy was detected in spermatozoa from t（X;8） and t（8;10） carriers. We have also reported values from sex chromosomes such as t（X;8）, although the X chromosome was involved in translocation. Since patients with reciprocal translocations and spermatogenetic impairment are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, the study of sperm parameters, and particularly of the level of aneuploidy rates, would provide better information for couples at risk and would contribute to the data in the literature for a better understanding of the effects of chromosomal rearrangement on the whole meiotic process and, in particular, on chromosomes not involved in translocation.
文摘With assistance of chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) combinedwith meiotic analysis, five germplasms with homozygous wheat-Th. bessarabicum chromosometranslocations were developed and identified among BC1F5 progenies of the cross betweenT. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and Chinese Spring-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid. Theselines included Tj01 and Tj02 (2n=44) containing a pair of wheat-Th. bessarabicumtranslocation chromosomes besides a pair of added Th. bessarabicum chromosomes, Tj03(2n=44) with a pair of added interspecific translocation chromosomes, Tj04 (2n=44)containing a pair of interspecific translocation chromosomes besides an added pair ofTh. bessarabicum chromosome arms and Tj05 (2n=46) containing a pair of interspecifictranslocation chromosomes besides two pairs of added intact alien chromosomes. Thebreakpoints of all the translocations were found to be not around centromere. Meanwhile,all the lines showed normal plant growth, development and fertility, while the translocationchromosomes transmitted regularly. The obtained translocations might be of use fortransferring elite genes from Th. bessarabicum into wheat.
文摘Translocations are an important conservation strategy for many species. However simply observing demographic growth of a translocated population is not sufficient to infer species recovery. Adequate genetic representation of the source population（s） and their long-term viability should also be considered. The woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi has been subject to more formal translocations for conservation than any other marsupial that, up until recently, has resulted in one of the most suc- cessful species recoveries in Australia. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to assess the genetic outcomes of trans- located woylie populations. These populations have lost genetic variability, differentiated fxom their source population and the supplementation program on two island populations appears to have failed. We discuss the conservation implications that our re- suits have for managing threatened species, outline some general recommendations for the management of present and future translocations and discuss the appropriate sampling design for the establishment of new populations or captive breeding programs that may mitigate the genetic ＇erosion＇ seen in our study species. This research provides some practical outcomes and a pragmatic understanding of translocation biology. The findings are directly applicable to other translocation programs .
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973070,No.21474076,No.21674082,and No.11875205)。
文摘Multinanoparticles interacting with the phospholipid membranes in solution were studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulation.The selected nanoparticles have spherical or cylindrical shapes,and they have various initial velocities in the dynamical processes.Several translocation modes are defined according to their characteristics in the dynamical processes,in which the phase diagrams are constructed based on the interaction strengths between the particles and membranes and the initial velocities of particles.Furthermore,several parameters,such as the system energy and radius of gyration,are investigated in the dynamical processes for the various translocation modes.Results elucidate the effects of multiparticles interacting with the membranes in the biological processes.
文摘Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children, with the majority of cases being of precursor B-cell phenoltype. Conventional cytogenetic analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis of B-cell ALL, identifying characteristic chromosomal abnormalities associated with a given prognosis therein facilitating optimized treatment. The more recent introduction of microarray technology to the analysis of B-cell ALL has afforded both higher resolution for the detection of known abnormalities and an ability to identify novel copy number abnormalities (CNAs) with potential clinical relevance. In the current study, microarray analysis was performed on 20 cytogenetically abnormal B-cell ALL cases (10 pediatric and 10 adult), while a novel microarray-based balanced-translocation detection methodology (translocation CGH or tCGH) was applied to that subset of cases with a known or suspected recurrent balanced translocation. Standard microarray analysis identified that CNAs was not detected by previous conventional cytogenetics in 75% (15/20) cases. tCGH identified 9/9 (100%) balanced translocations defining BCR/ABL1 (x4), ETV6/RUNX1 (x3), and MLL/AFF1 (x2) breakpoints with high resolution. The results illustrate the improved molecular detail afforded by these technologies and a comparison of translocation breakpoints, CNAs and patient age offers new insights into tumor biology with potential prognostic significance.
基金supported by University of Colorado School of Medicine start-up fundLeukemia Research FoundationBoettcher Foundation for J.H.W.J.H.W.is a recipient of Boettcher Foundation Webb-Waring Biomedical Research Award.
文摘Chromosomal aberrations have been associated with cancer development since their discovery more than a hundred years ago.Chromosomal translocations,a type of particular structural changes involving heterologous chromosomes,have made a critical impact on diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of cancers.For example,the discovery of translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and the subsequent success of targeting the fusion product BCR-ABL transformed the therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia.In the past few decades,tremendous progress has been achieved towards elucidating the mechanism causing chromosomal translocations.This review focuses on the basic mechanisms underlying the generation of chromosomal translocations.In particular,the contribution of frequency of DNA double strand breaks and spatial proximity of translocating loci is discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270827)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research in Universities(10418).
文摘Haynaldia villosa possesses a lot of important agronomic traits and has been a powerful gene resource for wheat improvement. However, only several wheat-H, villosa translocation lines have been reported so far. In this study, we attempted to develop an efficient method for inducing wheat-H, villosa chromosomal translocations. Triticum durum- Haynaldia villosa amphiploid pollen treated with 1 200 rad ^60Co-y-rays was pollinated to Triticum aestivum cv. ＇Chinese Spring＇. Ninety-eight intergeneric translocated chromosomes between T. durum and H. villosa were detected by genomic in situ hybridization in 44 of 61 M1 plants, indicating a translocation occurrence frequency of 72.1%; much higher than ever reported. There were 26, 62 and 10 translocated chromosomes involving whole arm translocations, terminal translocations, and intercarlary translocations, respectively. Of the total 108 breakage-fusion events, 79 involved interstitial regions and 29 involved centric regions. The ratio of small segment terminal translocations （W.W-V） was much higher than that of large segment terminal translocations （W-V.V）. All of the M1 plants were self-sterile, and their backcross progeny was all obtained with ＇Chinese Spring＇ as pollen donors. Transmission analysis showed that most of the translocations were transmittable. This study provides a new strategy for rapid mass production of wheat-alien chromosomal translocations, especially terminal translocations that will be more significant for wheat improvement.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370272,31970273,and 31921001).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for crop growth,making it important for maintaining food security as the global population continues to increase.Plants acquire P primarily via the uptake of inorganic phosphate(Pi)in soil through their roots.Pi,which is usually sequestered in soils,is not easily absorbed by plants and represses plant growth.Plants have developed a series of mechanisms to cope with P deficiency.Moreover,P fertilizer applications are critical for maximizing crop yield.Maize is a major cereal crop cultivated worldwide.Increasing its P-use efficiency is important for optimizing maize production.Over the past two decades,considerable progresses have been achieved in studies aimed at adapting maize varieties to changes in environmental P supply.Here,we present an overview of the morphological,physiological,and molecular mechanisms involved in P acquisition,translocation,and redistribution in maize and combine the advances in Arabidopsis and rice,to better elucidate the progress of P nutrition.Additionally,we summarize the correlation between P and abiotic stress responses.Clarifying the mechanisms relevant to improving P absorption and use in maize can guide future research on sustainable agriculture.
文摘Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20211348(to SHQ)Xuzhou Basic Research Program,No.KC21030(to LYH)+1 种基金Leadership Program of Xuzhou Medical University,No.JBGS202203(to SHQ)Research Grant Council GRF of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,No.17105220(to JGS)。
文摘It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear.To simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke.We found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid.Further,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.However,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes.This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Lower levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin.By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear translocation.Altogether,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,China,No.YDZJ202301ZYTS002The Jilin Province Medical and Health Talents Project,No.2019SRCJ010.
文摘BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,miscarriage,or the birth of a child with a chromosomal abnormality.CASE SUMMARY We report six cases of chromosomal translocations involving three families,including the specific Robertson(Roche)translocation.Case 1:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XX,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 2:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 18 weeks of gestation confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 3:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XY,t(5;18)(p13;p11).Case 4:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 14+6 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XX,der(18)t(5;18)(p13;p11)pat.Case 5:The karyotype of the proband was 45,XY,der(14;22)(q10;q10).Case 6:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 19+4 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 45,XX,rob(14;22)(q10;q10).CONCLUSION Carriers of chromosomal translocations have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,though they can still have normal offspring.This report on six cases of chromosomal translocations from three families could serve as a reference for future prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal translocations and decision-making on whether to continue the pregnancy.
基金CAs Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2022-06)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31870209).
文摘Chromosomal rearrangements(CRs)often cause phenotypic variations.Although several major rearrangements have been identified in Triticeae,a comprehensive study of the order,timing,and breakpoints of CRs has not been conducted.Here,we reconstruct high-quality ancestral genomes for the most recent common ancestor(MRCA)of the Triticeae,and the MRCA of the wheat lineage(Triticum and Aegilops).The protogenes of MRCA of the Triticeae and the wheat lineage are 22,894 and 29,060,respectively,which were arranged in their ancestral order.By partitioning modern Triticeae chromosomes into sets of syntenic regions and linking each to the corresponding protochromosomes,we revisit the rye chromosome structural evolution and propose alternative evolutionary routes.The previously identified 4L/5L reciprocal translocation in rye and Triticum urartu is found to have occurred independently and is unlikely to be the result of chromosomal introgression following distant hybridization.We also clarify that the 4AL/7BS translocation in tetraploid wheat was a bidirectional rather than unidirectional translocation event.Lastly,we identify several breakpoints in protochromosomes that independently reoccur following Triticeae evolution,representing potential CR hotspots.This study demonstrates that these reconstructed ancestral genomes can serve as special comparative references and facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of structural rearrangements in Triticeae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31861143023,31872252)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050201)。
文摘Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province,China(No.2022m07020004)the Natural Resources Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province,China(No.2022-k-8).
文摘Soil and foliar applications of silicon(Si)and selenium(Se)fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops.However,it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)in soil and thereby their transfer to rice in Cd and Pb-polluted fields.In this study,seven treatments were set up in a field experiment conducted in a nonferrous metal mining area in Tongling City,Anhui Province,China:no Si/Se fertilization control(CK),basal Si/Se fertilization(Si-1/Se-1),basal and topdressing Si/Se fertilization(Si-2/Se-2),and basal,topdressing,and foliar Si/Se fertilization(Si-3/Se-3).The results indicated that compared to CK,rice yield increased by 3.94%-14.56%in the other treatments,with the most significant increase observed in Si-3 and Se-3.Additionally,the Cd content in brown rice decreased by 15.42%-51.55%,while Pb content decreased by 16.49%-47.18%.In all treatments except Si-1,both metal contents decreased to below the limits specified in China's food safety standard(GB 2762-2022).Furthermore,they impeded the translocation of these metals to the brown rice,thereby effectively diminishing metal accumulation in rice grain.The effect of Se fertilizer was better than Si fertilizer in decreasing the bioconcentration factors of Cd and Pb and inhibiting their translocation to brown rice.At the same time,the applications of Si and Se increased the Si and Se contents of rice aboveground parts,respectively,and the Se content of brown rice in Se-3 increased by 77.56%,meeting the Se enrichment standard(GB/T 22499-2008).The contents of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Cd and Pb in soil decreased in all Si/Se treatments by 25.53%and 22.37%in Se-3,respectively.All Si/Se treatments reduced the acid-exchangeable and reducible Cd and Pb in soil and transformed them into the more stable oxidizable and residual fractions.This study revealed that the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their translocation to brown rice were significantly reduced by the basal application combined with topdressing and foliar application of Si and Se fertilizers.
基金financed by the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences(Poland)。
文摘Considering the comprehensive morphology and genesis of Podzols of the Stolowe Mountains,and the still-possible impact of frost actions and other processes related to cold climate on these soils,the main aims of this study were to determine whether(i)the heterogeneous Podzols in the Stolowe Mountains underwent a phase of development in a cold climate,resulting in frost action features visible on the micromorphological level,and whether(ii)contemporary cryopedogenic traces are masked by the translocation of organic matter due to the podzolisation process.Four soil profiles were investigated,revealing distinct layers corresponding to different periods of soil formation.Under field observation,no explicit frost-related characteristics were observed.Nevertheless,micromorphological analysis revealed cappings of fine materials on grains or peds,as well as development of granostriated(or any striated)b-fabric that resulted from the alternating effects of thawing and freezing processes.Moreover,micromorphological analysis revealed the presence of microstructures that could be the result of cryogenic processes,such as platy,angular blocky and lenticular features,as well as plane,vugh and star-shaped void types.The translocation of organic matter during podzolisation modified or concealed the frost-related features that developed during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.This is evident,for instance,in the accumulation of organic matter on cappings and within soil voids,which further hinders the identification of frost-related characteristics and the interpretation of the soil's evolution.Macromorphological observations enhanced with micromorphological analyses revealed three distinct layers:(i)a young upper layer composed of loose,sandy material;(ii)a deeper layer containing a spodic horizon with frost actions,involving pedofeatures associated with the Pleistocene cold climate and(iii)a deeper subsoil basal layer.The abovementioned microstructures,combined with lithological discontinuity,support the hypothesised polygenetic origin of Podzols in the studied region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971883 and 32200180)the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China(NK20220607)+2 种基金the Special Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development,China(2023ZYD0088)the Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0002,2022ZDZX0014,2023NSFSC1995,and 2022YFSY0035)the Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu City,China(2022-YF05-00449-SN).
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibits numerous biotic and abiotic stress resistance characteristics.In previous studies,FHB resistance of E.repens has been transferred into common wheat through a wheat-E.repens partial amphidiploid and derivative lines.This study reports the development,characterization,and breeding utilization of K140-7,a novel wheat-E.repens translocation line conferring resistance to FHB.Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)analyses demonstrated that K140-7 contained 40 common wheat chromosomes and two 7D·St translocation chromosomes.Subsequent characterization using oligonucleotide-FISH painting and single-gene FISH markers confirmed that the 7D fragment was a 7D short arm and the St fragment was a 7St long arm.Therefore,K140-7 was further identified as a 7DS·7StL translocation line with genetic compensation.Wheat 55K SNP array analysis of K140-7 demonstrated the 7DS·7StL translocation event.Field evaluations demonstrated that K140-7 exhibits agronomic performance comparable to its wheat parent.Based on St reference genome of Pseudoroegneria libanotica,21 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers specific to 7StL were developed.Genetic analysis established that 7StL confers FHB resistance and carries the dominant FHB resistance locus,designated as QFhb.Er-7StL.Introgression of QFhb.Er-7StL into elite wheat cultivars has generated three second-generation 7DS·7StL translocation lines with enhanced agronomic traits.This study provides valuable novel germplasms and specific molecular markers for FHB resistance breeding in wheat.
文摘BACKGROUND The Warburg effect is common in cancers.Lactate and its receptor GPR81 play an important role in cancer progression.It is widely accepted that membrane receptor nuclear translocation plays some novel role in cancer pathology.The mechanism by which the lactate/GPR81 axis regulates cancer malignancy remains unclear.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of GPR81 nuclear transportation promoted by exogenous lactate.METHODS Lung cancer cells were stimulated with exogenous lactate and GPR81 levels were measured by immunofluoresence and western blot analysis in membrane,cytoplasmic,and nuclear fractions.Lung cancer cells were transduced with a mutant GPR81 nuclear localization signal(NLS)construct,wild type GPR81 or empty vector and used to examine how GPR81 nuclear transportation affects lung cancer cells malignancy in vitro and in vivo.Immunoprecipitation Proteomics analysis and Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)sequencing were used to determine GPR81 interacting proteins and genes.RESULTS In response to hypoxia/Lactate stimulation,GPR81 translocates and accumulates in the nucleus of lung cancer cells.Functionally,GPR81 nuclear translocation promotes cancer cell proliferation and motility.Depletion of the GPR81 NLS depletes GPR81 nuclear levels and decreases cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro,as well as cancer cell malignancy in vivo.Proteomics analysis revealed a set of proteins including SFPQ,that interact with GPR81 in the cancer cell nucleus.Notably,the interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell growth and motility.ChIP sequencing analysis discovered that there is a set of genes targeted by GPR81.CONCLUSION The interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell malignancy.GPR81 nuclear translocation is critical in conferring cancer progression and may be a potential therapeutic target for limiting cancer progression.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272083)。
文摘Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and can lead to heavy yield loss(Chai et al.2020).Leaf rust can result in 50%yield loss during epidemic years(Huerta-Espino et al.2011;Gebrewahid et al.2020;Kolomiets et al.2021).Breeding varieties resistant to leaf rust have been recognized as the most effective and economical method to mitigate wheat losses caused by Pt.The narrow genetic basis of wheat constrains the number of cultivars resistant to leaf rust(Jin et al.2021).
