Caveolae and non-caveolar lipid rafts are two types of membrane lipid microdomains that play important roles in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. In order to ascertain their specific functions in this p...Caveolae and non-caveolar lipid rafts are two types of membrane lipid microdomains that play important roles in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. In order to ascertain their specific functions in this process, caveolae were ablated by caveolin-1 RNA interference. In Cav-1 RNAi adipocytes, neither insulin-stimulated glucose uptake nor Glut-4 （glucose transporter 4） translocation to membrane lipid microdomains was affected by the ablation of caveolae. With a modified sucrose density gradient, caveolae and non-caveolar lipid rafts could be separated. In the wild-type 3T3- L l adipocytes, Glut-4 was found to be translocated into both caveolae and non-caveolar lipid rafts. However, in Cav1 RNAi adipocytes, Glut-4 was localized predominantly in non-caveolar lipid rafts. After the removal of insulin, caveolaelocalized Glut-4 was internalized faster than non-caveolar lipid raft-associated Glut-4. The internalization of Glut-4 from plasma membrane was significantly decreased in Cav-1 RNAi adipocytes. These results suggest that insulin-stimulated Glut-4 translocation and glucose uptake are caveolae-independent events. Caveolae play a role in the internalization of Glut-4 from plasma membrane after the removal of insulin.展开更多
The translocation of snakes has been viewed as a useful tool to augment declining populations and to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, even though released snakes often exhibit relatively high mortality. We radio-tra...The translocation of snakes has been viewed as a useful tool to augment declining populations and to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, even though released snakes often exhibit relatively high mortality. We radio-tracked 13 Amur Ratsnakes （Elaphe schrenckii） in the Woraksan National Park in South Korea from July 2008 to May 2009. Two of these snakes were residents, and 11 had been illegally captured in areas remote from the study site and were donated by the park office. During the study period, six of the translocated snakes were lost： two were killed by predators, one died of unknown causes, and the radio signals of three of the snakes were lost. In the field, the ratsnakes laid eggs in early August, moved into hibemacula in late November, and moved away from the hibemacula in mid-April. Compared to the resident snakes, five of the translocated snakes traveled approximately 1.3 times farther per week, and the home ranges of the translocated snakes were three to six times larger than those of the resident snakes. In addition, the translocated snakes were found underground more frequently than the resident snakes. The management recommendations resulting from this study will guide biologists and land use managers in making appropriate decisions regarding release sites and the use of gravid females in the translocation of this endangered ratsnake.展开更多
We report a case of an SRY positive XX male. The phenotype was completely masculinised except for the reduced facial hair;testes were small, and azoospermia was present. The patient’s metaphases, coloured with acridi...We report a case of an SRY positive XX male. The phenotype was completely masculinised except for the reduced facial hair;testes were small, and azoospermia was present. The patient’s metaphases, coloured with acridine-orange to reveal the late replicating X chromosome, were sequentially hybridised with SRY and X centromeric probes: a random X chromosome inactivation pattern (XCIP) was present, with SRY present about half the time on both the active X and the inactive X. The most likely hypothesis is that the translocated SRY gene escaped inactivation as part of the entire X Pseudo Autosomal telomeric Region 1 (PAR 1). This hypothesis can explain the masculine phenotype, which would be incompatible with a halved expression of SRY. Review of the literature about the association of 46, XX males with a specific XCI pattern is made. The analysis of region AZF and QF-PCR for Y polymorphic loci allowed us to define the boundaries of the translocated Y segment as restricted to the region around the SRY locus. Chromosomal fragility analysis, using SCE (Sister Chromatid Exchanges), ruled out chromosomal fragility as a predisposing factor in the proband’s father;in addition, no chromosome Y polymorphic variant (inversion, Y qh +/﹣), was present in the proband’s father. However, like the AZF region c microdeletions and PRKX/PRKY translocation XX males, a particular Y haplotype could be also in this case a predisposing factor.展开更多
Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environment...Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for crop growth,making it important for maintaining food security as the global population continues to increase.Plants acquire P primarily via the uptake of inorganic phosphate(P...Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for crop growth,making it important for maintaining food security as the global population continues to increase.Plants acquire P primarily via the uptake of inorganic phosphate(Pi)in soil through their roots.Pi,which is usually sequestered in soils,is not easily absorbed by plants and represses plant growth.Plants have developed a series of mechanisms to cope with P deficiency.Moreover,P fertilizer applications are critical for maximizing crop yield.Maize is a major cereal crop cultivated worldwide.Increasing its P-use efficiency is important for optimizing maize production.Over the past two decades,considerable progresses have been achieved in studies aimed at adapting maize varieties to changes in environmental P supply.Here,we present an overview of the morphological,physiological,and molecular mechanisms involved in P acquisition,translocation,and redistribution in maize and combine the advances in Arabidopsis and rice,to better elucidate the progress of P nutrition.Additionally,we summarize the correlation between P and abiotic stress responses.Clarifying the mechanisms relevant to improving P absorption and use in maize can guide future research on sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil...Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.展开更多
It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases ...It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear.To simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke.We found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid.Further,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.However,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes.This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Lower levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin.By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear translocation.Altogether,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,...BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,miscarriage,or the birth of a child with a chromosomal abnormality.CASE SUMMARY We report six cases of chromosomal translocations involving three families,including the specific Robertson(Roche)translocation.Case 1:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XX,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 2:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 18 weeks of gestation confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 3:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XY,t(5;18)(p13;p11).Case 4:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 14+6 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XX,der(18)t(5;18)(p13;p11)pat.Case 5:The karyotype of the proband was 45,XY,der(14;22)(q10;q10).Case 6:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 19+4 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 45,XX,rob(14;22)(q10;q10).CONCLUSION Carriers of chromosomal translocations have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,though they can still have normal offspring.This report on six cases of chromosomal translocations from three families could serve as a reference for future prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal translocations and decision-making on whether to continue the pregnancy.展开更多
Chromosomal rearrangements(CRs)often cause phenotypic variations.Although several major rearrangements have been identified in Triticeae,a comprehensive study of the order,timing,and breakpoints of CRs has not been co...Chromosomal rearrangements(CRs)often cause phenotypic variations.Although several major rearrangements have been identified in Triticeae,a comprehensive study of the order,timing,and breakpoints of CRs has not been conducted.Here,we reconstruct high-quality ancestral genomes for the most recent common ancestor(MRCA)of the Triticeae,and the MRCA of the wheat lineage(Triticum and Aegilops).The protogenes of MRCA of the Triticeae and the wheat lineage are 22,894 and 29,060,respectively,which were arranged in their ancestral order.By partitioning modern Triticeae chromosomes into sets of syntenic regions and linking each to the corresponding protochromosomes,we revisit the rye chromosome structural evolution and propose alternative evolutionary routes.The previously identified 4L/5L reciprocal translocation in rye and Triticum urartu is found to have occurred independently and is unlikely to be the result of chromosomal introgression following distant hybridization.We also clarify that the 4AL/7BS translocation in tetraploid wheat was a bidirectional rather than unidirectional translocation event.Lastly,we identify several breakpoints in protochromosomes that independently reoccur following Triticeae evolution,representing potential CR hotspots.This study demonstrates that these reconstructed ancestral genomes can serve as special comparative references and facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of structural rearrangements in Triticeae.展开更多
Soil and foliar applications of silicon(Si)and selenium(Se)fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops.However,it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium(Cd)...Soil and foliar applications of silicon(Si)and selenium(Se)fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops.However,it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)in soil and thereby their transfer to rice in Cd and Pb-polluted fields.In this study,seven treatments were set up in a field experiment conducted in a nonferrous metal mining area in Tongling City,Anhui Province,China:no Si/Se fertilization control(CK),basal Si/Se fertilization(Si-1/Se-1),basal and topdressing Si/Se fertilization(Si-2/Se-2),and basal,topdressing,and foliar Si/Se fertilization(Si-3/Se-3).The results indicated that compared to CK,rice yield increased by 3.94%-14.56%in the other treatments,with the most significant increase observed in Si-3 and Se-3.Additionally,the Cd content in brown rice decreased by 15.42%-51.55%,while Pb content decreased by 16.49%-47.18%.In all treatments except Si-1,both metal contents decreased to below the limits specified in China's food safety standard(GB 2762-2022).Furthermore,they impeded the translocation of these metals to the brown rice,thereby effectively diminishing metal accumulation in rice grain.The effect of Se fertilizer was better than Si fertilizer in decreasing the bioconcentration factors of Cd and Pb and inhibiting their translocation to brown rice.At the same time,the applications of Si and Se increased the Si and Se contents of rice aboveground parts,respectively,and the Se content of brown rice in Se-3 increased by 77.56%,meeting the Se enrichment standard(GB/T 22499-2008).The contents of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Cd and Pb in soil decreased in all Si/Se treatments by 25.53%and 22.37%in Se-3,respectively.All Si/Se treatments reduced the acid-exchangeable and reducible Cd and Pb in soil and transformed them into the more stable oxidizable and residual fractions.This study revealed that the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their translocation to brown rice were significantly reduced by the basal application combined with topdressing and foliar application of Si and Se fertilizers.展开更多
Considering the comprehensive morphology and genesis of Podzols of the Stolowe Mountains,and the still-possible impact of frost actions and other processes related to cold climate on these soils,the main aims of this ...Considering the comprehensive morphology and genesis of Podzols of the Stolowe Mountains,and the still-possible impact of frost actions and other processes related to cold climate on these soils,the main aims of this study were to determine whether(i)the heterogeneous Podzols in the Stolowe Mountains underwent a phase of development in a cold climate,resulting in frost action features visible on the micromorphological level,and whether(ii)contemporary cryopedogenic traces are masked by the translocation of organic matter due to the podzolisation process.Four soil profiles were investigated,revealing distinct layers corresponding to different periods of soil formation.Under field observation,no explicit frost-related characteristics were observed.Nevertheless,micromorphological analysis revealed cappings of fine materials on grains or peds,as well as development of granostriated(or any striated)b-fabric that resulted from the alternating effects of thawing and freezing processes.Moreover,micromorphological analysis revealed the presence of microstructures that could be the result of cryogenic processes,such as platy,angular blocky and lenticular features,as well as plane,vugh and star-shaped void types.The translocation of organic matter during podzolisation modified or concealed the frost-related features that developed during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.This is evident,for instance,in the accumulation of organic matter on cappings and within soil voids,which further hinders the identification of frost-related characteristics and the interpretation of the soil's evolution.Macromorphological observations enhanced with micromorphological analyses revealed three distinct layers:(i)a young upper layer composed of loose,sandy material;(ii)a deeper layer containing a spodic horizon with frost actions,involving pedofeatures associated with the Pleistocene cold climate and(iii)a deeper subsoil basal layer.The abovementioned microstructures,combined with lithological discontinuity,support the hypothesised polygenetic origin of Podzols in the studied region.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibit...Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibits numerous biotic and abiotic stress resistance characteristics.In previous studies,FHB resistance of E.repens has been transferred into common wheat through a wheat-E.repens partial amphidiploid and derivative lines.This study reports the development,characterization,and breeding utilization of K140-7,a novel wheat-E.repens translocation line conferring resistance to FHB.Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)analyses demonstrated that K140-7 contained 40 common wheat chromosomes and two 7D·St translocation chromosomes.Subsequent characterization using oligonucleotide-FISH painting and single-gene FISH markers confirmed that the 7D fragment was a 7D short arm and the St fragment was a 7St long arm.Therefore,K140-7 was further identified as a 7DS·7StL translocation line with genetic compensation.Wheat 55K SNP array analysis of K140-7 demonstrated the 7DS·7StL translocation event.Field evaluations demonstrated that K140-7 exhibits agronomic performance comparable to its wheat parent.Based on St reference genome of Pseudoroegneria libanotica,21 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers specific to 7StL were developed.Genetic analysis established that 7StL confers FHB resistance and carries the dominant FHB resistance locus,designated as QFhb.Er-7StL.Introgression of QFhb.Er-7StL into elite wheat cultivars has generated three second-generation 7DS·7StL translocation lines with enhanced agronomic traits.This study provides valuable novel germplasms and specific molecular markers for FHB resistance breeding in wheat.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Warburg effect is common in cancers.Lactate and its receptor GPR81 play an important role in cancer progression.It is widely accepted that membrane receptor nuclear translocation plays some novel role i...BACKGROUND The Warburg effect is common in cancers.Lactate and its receptor GPR81 play an important role in cancer progression.It is widely accepted that membrane receptor nuclear translocation plays some novel role in cancer pathology.The mechanism by which the lactate/GPR81 axis regulates cancer malignancy remains unclear.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of GPR81 nuclear transportation promoted by exogenous lactate.METHODS Lung cancer cells were stimulated with exogenous lactate and GPR81 levels were measured by immunofluoresence and western blot analysis in membrane,cytoplasmic,and nuclear fractions.Lung cancer cells were transduced with a mutant GPR81 nuclear localization signal(NLS)construct,wild type GPR81 or empty vector and used to examine how GPR81 nuclear transportation affects lung cancer cells malignancy in vitro and in vivo.Immunoprecipitation Proteomics analysis and Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)sequencing were used to determine GPR81 interacting proteins and genes.RESULTS In response to hypoxia/Lactate stimulation,GPR81 translocates and accumulates in the nucleus of lung cancer cells.Functionally,GPR81 nuclear translocation promotes cancer cell proliferation and motility.Depletion of the GPR81 NLS depletes GPR81 nuclear levels and decreases cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro,as well as cancer cell malignancy in vivo.Proteomics analysis revealed a set of proteins including SFPQ,that interact with GPR81 in the cancer cell nucleus.Notably,the interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell growth and motility.ChIP sequencing analysis discovered that there is a set of genes targeted by GPR81.CONCLUSION The interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell malignancy.GPR81 nuclear translocation is critical in conferring cancer progression and may be a potential therapeutic target for limiting cancer progression.展开更多
Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and can lead to heavy yield loss(Chai et al.2020).Leaf rust can result in 50%yield loss dur...Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and can lead to heavy yield loss(Chai et al.2020).Leaf rust can result in 50%yield loss during epidemic years(Huerta-Espino et al.2011;Gebrewahid et al.2020;Kolomiets et al.2021).Breeding varieties resistant to leaf rust have been recognized as the most effective and economical method to mitigate wheat losses caused by Pt.The narrow genetic basis of wheat constrains the number of cultivars resistant to leaf rust(Jin et al.2021).展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with an increasing global prevalence and significant healthcare impact.The ex...BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with an increasing global prevalence and significant healthcare impact.The exact etiology of this condition remains unclear.Neutrophils play a critical role in IBD pathogenesis.Translocator protein(TSPO),a mitochondrial protein linked to immune responses,has demonstrated potential as an inflammatory marker.However,its role in IBD remains underexplored.AIM To investigate the role of TSPO in IBD pathogenesis,particularly in neutrophils.METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets(GE75214,GSE94648,GSE156776)assessed TSPO expression in IBD patients.TSPO expression was evaluated in human IBD samples,neutrophiles and a chronic colitis mouse model.Neutrophil function was examined in 18 samples using reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and neutrophil extracellular trap(NET)formation assays.Positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)imaging and histology from 12 mice revealed TSPO expression in colitis.PET-CT and immunofluorescence staining assessed TSPO expression in brain under neuroinflammation condition.RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed elevated TSPO expression in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral blood of patients with IBD,especially in neutrophils.This was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining,which showed a significant upregulation of TSPO in active IBD.Neutrophils from patients with UC and CD exhibited higher TSPO expression,which correlated with increased ROS production and NET formation.In a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis,TSPO was upregulated in the colonic neutrophils and brain tissues,indicating its systemic involvement.PET-CT imaging showed enhanced TSPO uptake in the inflamed colon and brain regions,particularly in the microglia,highlighting neuroinflammation.CONCLUSION TSPO is significantly upregulated in neutrophils in IBD and contributes to intestinal inflammation.Its elevated expression in gut highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic target for IBD.展开更多
Background:Therapy in the latent period is favorable for retarding the process of epileptogenesis.Recently,we have discovered that the activated sigma-1 receptor(Sig-1R)attenuates the hippocampus pathological injury a...Background:Therapy in the latent period is favorable for retarding the process of epileptogenesis.Recently,we have discovered that the activated sigma-1 receptor(Sig-1R)attenuates the hippocampus pathological injury and memory impairment in the latent period of epileptogenesis.But the molecular mechanism needs further investigation.Methods:PRE-084 was utilized as a research tool to highly selectively activate Sig-1R in epileptic mice.After the treatment of PRE-084,the pro-inflammatory cytokines,neuropathological traits,and the level of mitochondrial translocator assembly and maintenance 41 homolog(TAMM41)in the hippocampus were examined.The mode in which the Sig-1R interacts with TAMM41 was explored.The role of TAMM41 in the protecting effect of PRE-084 was established.Results:PRE-084 inhibited the growth of pro-inflammatory cytokines,reduced the formation of gliosis,alleviated neuronal damage in the hippocampus,and attenu-ated memory impairment in the latent period of epileptogenesis.The protein level of TAMM41 decreased in the hippocampi of epileptic mice and increased in the PRE-084-treated mice.The Sig-1R bound with TAMM41 directly,maintaining the stability of TAMM41.Knockdown of TAMM41 reversed the protective effect of PRE-084,and overexpression of TAMM41 exhibited a similar protective action to that of PRE-084.Conclusion:We presented the concept of the“sigma-1 receptor–TAMM41 axis”and proposed that augmenting this axis can attenuate neuroinflammation and memory impairment in the process of epileptogenesis.展开更多
Improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)are crucial challenges for coordinating food production and environmental health.However,little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying the synergist...Improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)are crucial challenges for coordinating food production and environmental health.However,little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of high yield and NUE in rice.Using two near-isogenic rice lines(named DEP1 and dep1),a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess agronomic characteristics and the physiological characteristics of carbon and nitrogen translocation under three nitrogen levels.Compared with DEP1,dep1 had higher grain yield,grain filling percentage,nitrogen(N)uptake,and NUE.More non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)and N in the stems were translocated to grains during grain filling in dep1 than in DEP1.Furthermore,stem NSCs translocation was significantly positively correlated with grain yield,while stem N translocation was significantly positively correlated with NUE.Key carbon metabolism enzyme activities(α-amylase,β-amylase and sucrose-phosphate synthase in stems,and sucrose synthase,ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthase in grains)and stem sucrose transporter gene(OsSUT1 and OsSWEET13)expression were higher in dep1 than in DEP1.This contributed to high stem NSCs translocation.Higher N translocation in the stems occurred due to the higher expression of OsNPF2.4.Moreover,the higher values of root morphological traits(root dry weight,root surface area,root length and root volume)and structural characteristics(stele diameter,cortical thickness and vessel section area)in dep1 explained its high nitrogen uptake.In addition,higher expression of OsNADH-GOGAT1 and OsGS1.3 promoted the assimilation of ammonium and contributed to higher nitrogen uptake in dep1.The application of N reduced carbon translocation but enhanced N translocation by regulating the corresponding metabolic enzyme activities and gene expression.Overall,these findings highlighted the roles of nitrogen uptake,and carbon and nitrogen translocation from stems as crucial characteristics for synergistically improving yield and NUE in the dep1 rice line.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic diarrhoea in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLHIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge,often resulting from opportunistic infections(OIs),malignancies...BACKGROUND Chronic diarrhoea in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLHIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge,often resulting from opportunistic infections(OIs),malignancies,or disease progression itself.We present a case of an advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patient with chronic diarrhoea,significant weight loss,and antiretroviral therapy(ART)non-compliance,highlighting the diagnostic dilemma between HIV wasting syndrome,OIs,and malignancy.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old female,diagnosed with HIV five years ago on family screening,presented with three months of profuse watery diarrhoea,associated with crampy abdominal pain and weight loss(14 kg,30%in 3 months).She was non-compliant with ART.There was no history of recent travel,food contamination,or tuberculosis contact.Fever episodes were mild and transient.Physical examination revealed pallor and bilateral pedal oedema without lymphadenopathy or organomegaly.Genital examination was unremarkable.Routine investigations revealed severe anaemia and confirmed PLHIV status.CD4 count was<36 cells/μL.Empirical treatment with nitazoxanide was initiated for possible cryptosporidiosis.After ruling out OIs,ART was restarted.With treatment,her diarrhoea resolved,and she tolerated oral intake.Nutritional support was provided,and she was discharged in stable condition with ART,prophylactic antibiotics,and followup instructions for further evaluation.CONCLUSION In ART-noncompliant PLHIV with chronic diarrhoea,distinguishing between HIV wasting syndrome,OIs(Cryptosporidium,Mycobacterium avium complex,cytomegalovirus colitis)and malignancies(non-Hodgkin lymphoma and anal carcinoma)are critical.Gradual CD4 decline,systemic inflammation,and malnutrition favour progressive HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome rather than an acute OI or malignancy.Early recognition and management,including ART reinitiation and nutritional support,are crucial for prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a widespread malignancy and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide.AIM To examine the functional role of long non-coding RNAs small nucleolar RNA host gene 5(SN...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a widespread malignancy and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide.AIM To examine the functional role of long non-coding RNAs small nucleolar RNA host gene 5(SNHG5)and its regulation of miR-92a-3p and B-cell translocation gene 2(BTG2)in GC progression.METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis determined the expression of SNHG5,miR-92a-3p,and BTG2 in GC and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa.Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated interactions of SNHG5 with miR-92a-3p and BTG2.AGS cells were transfected with SNHG5 overexpression and miR-92a-3p knockdown models.Various assays,including CCK-8,colony formation,scratch wound healing,and Transwell assays,were used to determine cell proliferation and migration.An experimental model of a xenograft mouse was used to determine in vivo tumor growth.At the same time histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining,with western blot analysis used to evaluate signaling pathway protein expression.RESULTS BTG2 and SNHG5 were downregulated in GC tissues,and miR-92a-3p was upregulated.Overexpression of SNHG5 or knockdown of miR-92a-3p reduced GC cell proliferation and migration,and increased BTG2 expression while decreasing PI3K/AKT signaling activity.The dual-luciferase assays demonstrated direct binding of miR-92a-3p to SNHG5 and BTG2.Tumor volume and weight were significantly reduced in mice transplanted with AGS cells treated with miR-92a-3p inhibitor or SNHG5 overexpression compared with control AGS cells.Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that treated tumors exhibited degenerative characteristics,including irregular morphology and nucleolysis.CONCLUSION LncRNA SNHG5 inhibited GC cell growth and migration by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway via the miR-92a-3p/BTG2 axis.展开更多
Objectives:Exosomal long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)might facilitate epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)in liver cancer after transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),thereby enhancing tumor cell invasiveness and migrati...Objectives:Exosomal long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)might facilitate epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)in liver cancer after transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),thereby enhancing tumor cell invasiveness and migration.This study investigated the prognostic role of plasma exosomal long noncoding RNA-plasmacytoma variant translocation 1(lncRNA-PVT1)in TACE treated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:Plasma exosomal lncRNA-PVT1 was evaluated via qPCR before and after TACE.Hepatoma cell behavior was investigated in different HCC cell lines.A lncRNA-PVT1 plasmid was synthesized and overexpressed,and si-lncRNA PVT1 was transfected into poorly invasive cells to reveal its influence on cell characteristics.The lncRNA-PVT1–FoxM1 interaction was elucidated using a double-luciferase reporter gene assay.The effect of miRNA-345-5p on minimally invasive hepatoma cells was assessed.Three experimental groups were established:poorly invasive cells,poorly invasive cells co-cultured with exosomes from hypoxia-induced highly invasive cells,and poorly invasive cells co-cultured with normal hepatocyte exosomes.Liver cancer cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice,with subsequent observations of weight,tumor formation,and tumor size.Results:We identified two lncRNAs(lncRNA-PVT1 and GAPLINC)associated with EMT in the hypoxic microenvironment of liver cancer.Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to establish a prognostic model distinguishing high-and low-risk groups.Hypoxia-induced HepG2 exosomes significantly promoted EMT in poorly invasive HCC cells.LncRNA-PVT1 overexpression and silencing altered E-cadherin,vimentin,and FoxM1 expression,cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and apoptosis.miR-345-5p directly targeted lncRNA-PVT1 and FoxM1,affecting downstream targets.In vivo,co-culturing poorly invasive hepatoma cells with exosomes from highly invasive cells increased tumor volumes,upregulated lncRNA-PVT1,FoxM1,Ki67,and MMP9 expression,and downregulated miR-345-5p expression.Conclusions:Plasma exosomal lncRNA-PVT1 expression is upregulated in highly invasive cells post-hypoxia,potentially serving as a biomarker for evaluating liver cancer prognosis after TACE.Through a miRNA-345-5p-mediated competing endogenous RNA mechanism,it promotes EMT in poorly invasive cells,likely contributing to recurrence and metastasis post-HCC interventional embolization.展开更多
文摘Caveolae and non-caveolar lipid rafts are two types of membrane lipid microdomains that play important roles in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. In order to ascertain their specific functions in this process, caveolae were ablated by caveolin-1 RNA interference. In Cav-1 RNAi adipocytes, neither insulin-stimulated glucose uptake nor Glut-4 （glucose transporter 4） translocation to membrane lipid microdomains was affected by the ablation of caveolae. With a modified sucrose density gradient, caveolae and non-caveolar lipid rafts could be separated. In the wild-type 3T3- L l adipocytes, Glut-4 was found to be translocated into both caveolae and non-caveolar lipid rafts. However, in Cav1 RNAi adipocytes, Glut-4 was localized predominantly in non-caveolar lipid rafts. After the removal of insulin, caveolaelocalized Glut-4 was internalized faster than non-caveolar lipid raft-associated Glut-4. The internalization of Glut-4 from plasma membrane was significantly decreased in Cav-1 RNAi adipocytes. These results suggest that insulin-stimulated Glut-4 translocation and glucose uptake are caveolae-independent events. Caveolae play a role in the internalization of Glut-4 from plasma membrane after the removal of insulin.
基金supported by the Korean Ministry of Environment as "The Eco-Technopia 21 Project(No.052-091-080)"
文摘The translocation of snakes has been viewed as a useful tool to augment declining populations and to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, even though released snakes often exhibit relatively high mortality. We radio-tracked 13 Amur Ratsnakes （Elaphe schrenckii） in the Woraksan National Park in South Korea from July 2008 to May 2009. Two of these snakes were residents, and 11 had been illegally captured in areas remote from the study site and were donated by the park office. During the study period, six of the translocated snakes were lost： two were killed by predators, one died of unknown causes, and the radio signals of three of the snakes were lost. In the field, the ratsnakes laid eggs in early August, moved into hibemacula in late November, and moved away from the hibemacula in mid-April. Compared to the resident snakes, five of the translocated snakes traveled approximately 1.3 times farther per week, and the home ranges of the translocated snakes were three to six times larger than those of the resident snakes. In addition, the translocated snakes were found underground more frequently than the resident snakes. The management recommendations resulting from this study will guide biologists and land use managers in making appropriate decisions regarding release sites and the use of gravid females in the translocation of this endangered ratsnake.
文摘We report a case of an SRY positive XX male. The phenotype was completely masculinised except for the reduced facial hair;testes were small, and azoospermia was present. The patient’s metaphases, coloured with acridine-orange to reveal the late replicating X chromosome, were sequentially hybridised with SRY and X centromeric probes: a random X chromosome inactivation pattern (XCIP) was present, with SRY present about half the time on both the active X and the inactive X. The most likely hypothesis is that the translocated SRY gene escaped inactivation as part of the entire X Pseudo Autosomal telomeric Region 1 (PAR 1). This hypothesis can explain the masculine phenotype, which would be incompatible with a halved expression of SRY. Review of the literature about the association of 46, XX males with a specific XCI pattern is made. The analysis of region AZF and QF-PCR for Y polymorphic loci allowed us to define the boundaries of the translocated Y segment as restricted to the region around the SRY locus. Chromosomal fragility analysis, using SCE (Sister Chromatid Exchanges), ruled out chromosomal fragility as a predisposing factor in the proband’s father;in addition, no chromosome Y polymorphic variant (inversion, Y qh +/﹣), was present in the proband’s father. However, like the AZF region c microdeletions and PRKX/PRKY translocation XX males, a particular Y haplotype could be also in this case a predisposing factor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31861143023,31872252)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050201)。
文摘Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition.The gut microbiome,highly responsive to external environmental factors,plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species.Concurrently,the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition,highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome.Despite this,our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited,particularly in reptiles.To clarify this issue,we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)between high-altitude(2?600 m a.s.l.)and superhigh-altitude(3?600 m a.s.l.)environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China.One year later,we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring.Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations.Highaltitude conditions increased diversity,and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments.Additionally,superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity,potentially linked to their lower growth rates.Overall,these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients.Furthermore,this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity,offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370272,31970273,and 31921001).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for crop growth,making it important for maintaining food security as the global population continues to increase.Plants acquire P primarily via the uptake of inorganic phosphate(Pi)in soil through their roots.Pi,which is usually sequestered in soils,is not easily absorbed by plants and represses plant growth.Plants have developed a series of mechanisms to cope with P deficiency.Moreover,P fertilizer applications are critical for maximizing crop yield.Maize is a major cereal crop cultivated worldwide.Increasing its P-use efficiency is important for optimizing maize production.Over the past two decades,considerable progresses have been achieved in studies aimed at adapting maize varieties to changes in environmental P supply.Here,we present an overview of the morphological,physiological,and molecular mechanisms involved in P acquisition,translocation,and redistribution in maize and combine the advances in Arabidopsis and rice,to better elucidate the progress of P nutrition.Additionally,we summarize the correlation between P and abiotic stress responses.Clarifying the mechanisms relevant to improving P absorption and use in maize can guide future research on sustainable agriculture.
文摘Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20211348(to SHQ)Xuzhou Basic Research Program,No.KC21030(to LYH)+1 种基金Leadership Program of Xuzhou Medical University,No.JBGS202203(to SHQ)Research Grant Council GRF of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,No.17105220(to JGS)。
文摘It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear.To simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke.We found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid.Further,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.However,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes.This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Lower levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin.By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear translocation.Altogether,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,China,No.YDZJ202301ZYTS002The Jilin Province Medical and Health Talents Project,No.2019SRCJ010.
文摘BACKGROUND Carriers of chromosomal balanced translocations are often physically healthy with no obvious developmental problems.However,potential chromosomal imbalance in their gametes can lead to implantation failure,miscarriage,or the birth of a child with a chromosomal abnormality.CASE SUMMARY We report six cases of chromosomal translocations involving three families,including the specific Robertson(Roche)translocation.Case 1:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XX,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 2:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 18 weeks of gestation confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,t(18;19)(q22;p12).Case 3:The karyotype of the proband was 46,XY,t(5;18)(p13;p11).Case 4:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 14+6 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XX,der(18)t(5;18)(p13;p11)pat.Case 5:The karyotype of the proband was 45,XY,der(14;22)(q10;q10).Case 6:Interventional prenatal diagnosis at 19+4 weeks confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 45,XX,rob(14;22)(q10;q10).CONCLUSION Carriers of chromosomal translocations have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes,though they can still have normal offspring.This report on six cases of chromosomal translocations from three families could serve as a reference for future prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal translocations and decision-making on whether to continue the pregnancy.
基金CAs Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2022-06)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31870209).
文摘Chromosomal rearrangements(CRs)often cause phenotypic variations.Although several major rearrangements have been identified in Triticeae,a comprehensive study of the order,timing,and breakpoints of CRs has not been conducted.Here,we reconstruct high-quality ancestral genomes for the most recent common ancestor(MRCA)of the Triticeae,and the MRCA of the wheat lineage(Triticum and Aegilops).The protogenes of MRCA of the Triticeae and the wheat lineage are 22,894 and 29,060,respectively,which were arranged in their ancestral order.By partitioning modern Triticeae chromosomes into sets of syntenic regions and linking each to the corresponding protochromosomes,we revisit the rye chromosome structural evolution and propose alternative evolutionary routes.The previously identified 4L/5L reciprocal translocation in rye and Triticum urartu is found to have occurred independently and is unlikely to be the result of chromosomal introgression following distant hybridization.We also clarify that the 4AL/7BS translocation in tetraploid wheat was a bidirectional rather than unidirectional translocation event.Lastly,we identify several breakpoints in protochromosomes that independently reoccur following Triticeae evolution,representing potential CR hotspots.This study demonstrates that these reconstructed ancestral genomes can serve as special comparative references and facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of structural rearrangements in Triticeae.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province,China(No.2022m07020004)the Natural Resources Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province,China(No.2022-k-8).
文摘Soil and foliar applications of silicon(Si)and selenium(Se)fertilizers can inhibit the transfer of heavy metals from the soil to crops.However,it remains unclear how Si and Se affect the bioavailability of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)in soil and thereby their transfer to rice in Cd and Pb-polluted fields.In this study,seven treatments were set up in a field experiment conducted in a nonferrous metal mining area in Tongling City,Anhui Province,China:no Si/Se fertilization control(CK),basal Si/Se fertilization(Si-1/Se-1),basal and topdressing Si/Se fertilization(Si-2/Se-2),and basal,topdressing,and foliar Si/Se fertilization(Si-3/Se-3).The results indicated that compared to CK,rice yield increased by 3.94%-14.56%in the other treatments,with the most significant increase observed in Si-3 and Se-3.Additionally,the Cd content in brown rice decreased by 15.42%-51.55%,while Pb content decreased by 16.49%-47.18%.In all treatments except Si-1,both metal contents decreased to below the limits specified in China's food safety standard(GB 2762-2022).Furthermore,they impeded the translocation of these metals to the brown rice,thereby effectively diminishing metal accumulation in rice grain.The effect of Se fertilizer was better than Si fertilizer in decreasing the bioconcentration factors of Cd and Pb and inhibiting their translocation to brown rice.At the same time,the applications of Si and Se increased the Si and Se contents of rice aboveground parts,respectively,and the Se content of brown rice in Se-3 increased by 77.56%,meeting the Se enrichment standard(GB/T 22499-2008).The contents of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Cd and Pb in soil decreased in all Si/Se treatments by 25.53%and 22.37%in Se-3,respectively.All Si/Se treatments reduced the acid-exchangeable and reducible Cd and Pb in soil and transformed them into the more stable oxidizable and residual fractions.This study revealed that the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their translocation to brown rice were significantly reduced by the basal application combined with topdressing and foliar application of Si and Se fertilizers.
基金financed by the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences(Poland)。
文摘Considering the comprehensive morphology and genesis of Podzols of the Stolowe Mountains,and the still-possible impact of frost actions and other processes related to cold climate on these soils,the main aims of this study were to determine whether(i)the heterogeneous Podzols in the Stolowe Mountains underwent a phase of development in a cold climate,resulting in frost action features visible on the micromorphological level,and whether(ii)contemporary cryopedogenic traces are masked by the translocation of organic matter due to the podzolisation process.Four soil profiles were investigated,revealing distinct layers corresponding to different periods of soil formation.Under field observation,no explicit frost-related characteristics were observed.Nevertheless,micromorphological analysis revealed cappings of fine materials on grains or peds,as well as development of granostriated(or any striated)b-fabric that resulted from the alternating effects of thawing and freezing processes.Moreover,micromorphological analysis revealed the presence of microstructures that could be the result of cryogenic processes,such as platy,angular blocky and lenticular features,as well as plane,vugh and star-shaped void types.The translocation of organic matter during podzolisation modified or concealed the frost-related features that developed during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.This is evident,for instance,in the accumulation of organic matter on cappings and within soil voids,which further hinders the identification of frost-related characteristics and the interpretation of the soil's evolution.Macromorphological observations enhanced with micromorphological analyses revealed three distinct layers:(i)a young upper layer composed of loose,sandy material;(ii)a deeper layer containing a spodic horizon with frost actions,involving pedofeatures associated with the Pleistocene cold climate and(iii)a deeper subsoil basal layer.The abovementioned microstructures,combined with lithological discontinuity,support the hypothesised polygenetic origin of Podzols in the studied region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971883 and 32200180)the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China(NK20220607)+2 种基金the Special Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development,China(2023ZYD0088)the Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0002,2022ZDZX0014,2023NSFSC1995,and 2022YFSY0035)the Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu City,China(2022-YF05-00449-SN).
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibits numerous biotic and abiotic stress resistance characteristics.In previous studies,FHB resistance of E.repens has been transferred into common wheat through a wheat-E.repens partial amphidiploid and derivative lines.This study reports the development,characterization,and breeding utilization of K140-7,a novel wheat-E.repens translocation line conferring resistance to FHB.Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)analyses demonstrated that K140-7 contained 40 common wheat chromosomes and two 7D·St translocation chromosomes.Subsequent characterization using oligonucleotide-FISH painting and single-gene FISH markers confirmed that the 7D fragment was a 7D short arm and the St fragment was a 7St long arm.Therefore,K140-7 was further identified as a 7DS·7StL translocation line with genetic compensation.Wheat 55K SNP array analysis of K140-7 demonstrated the 7DS·7StL translocation event.Field evaluations demonstrated that K140-7 exhibits agronomic performance comparable to its wheat parent.Based on St reference genome of Pseudoroegneria libanotica,21 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers specific to 7StL were developed.Genetic analysis established that 7StL confers FHB resistance and carries the dominant FHB resistance locus,designated as QFhb.Er-7StL.Introgression of QFhb.Er-7StL into elite wheat cultivars has generated three second-generation 7DS·7StL translocation lines with enhanced agronomic traits.This study provides valuable novel germplasms and specific molecular markers for FHB resistance breeding in wheat.
文摘BACKGROUND The Warburg effect is common in cancers.Lactate and its receptor GPR81 play an important role in cancer progression.It is widely accepted that membrane receptor nuclear translocation plays some novel role in cancer pathology.The mechanism by which the lactate/GPR81 axis regulates cancer malignancy remains unclear.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of GPR81 nuclear transportation promoted by exogenous lactate.METHODS Lung cancer cells were stimulated with exogenous lactate and GPR81 levels were measured by immunofluoresence and western blot analysis in membrane,cytoplasmic,and nuclear fractions.Lung cancer cells were transduced with a mutant GPR81 nuclear localization signal(NLS)construct,wild type GPR81 or empty vector and used to examine how GPR81 nuclear transportation affects lung cancer cells malignancy in vitro and in vivo.Immunoprecipitation Proteomics analysis and Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)sequencing were used to determine GPR81 interacting proteins and genes.RESULTS In response to hypoxia/Lactate stimulation,GPR81 translocates and accumulates in the nucleus of lung cancer cells.Functionally,GPR81 nuclear translocation promotes cancer cell proliferation and motility.Depletion of the GPR81 NLS depletes GPR81 nuclear levels and decreases cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro,as well as cancer cell malignancy in vivo.Proteomics analysis revealed a set of proteins including SFPQ,that interact with GPR81 in the cancer cell nucleus.Notably,the interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell growth and motility.ChIP sequencing analysis discovered that there is a set of genes targeted by GPR81.CONCLUSION The interaction of GPR81 with SFPQ promotes cancer cell malignancy.GPR81 nuclear translocation is critical in conferring cancer progression and may be a potential therapeutic target for limiting cancer progression.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272083)。
文摘Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and can lead to heavy yield loss(Chai et al.2020).Leaf rust can result in 50%yield loss during epidemic years(Huerta-Espino et al.2011;Gebrewahid et al.2020;Kolomiets et al.2021).Breeding varieties resistant to leaf rust have been recognized as the most effective and economical method to mitigate wheat losses caused by Pt.The narrow genetic basis of wheat constrains the number of cultivars resistant to leaf rust(Jin et al.2021).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300604Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Star Project Application Guide/Star Project Incubation(Yangfan Special Program)of Shanghai,No.24YF2727600.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with an increasing global prevalence and significant healthcare impact.The exact etiology of this condition remains unclear.Neutrophils play a critical role in IBD pathogenesis.Translocator protein(TSPO),a mitochondrial protein linked to immune responses,has demonstrated potential as an inflammatory marker.However,its role in IBD remains underexplored.AIM To investigate the role of TSPO in IBD pathogenesis,particularly in neutrophils.METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets(GE75214,GSE94648,GSE156776)assessed TSPO expression in IBD patients.TSPO expression was evaluated in human IBD samples,neutrophiles and a chronic colitis mouse model.Neutrophil function was examined in 18 samples using reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and neutrophil extracellular trap(NET)formation assays.Positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)imaging and histology from 12 mice revealed TSPO expression in colitis.PET-CT and immunofluorescence staining assessed TSPO expression in brain under neuroinflammation condition.RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed elevated TSPO expression in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral blood of patients with IBD,especially in neutrophils.This was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining,which showed a significant upregulation of TSPO in active IBD.Neutrophils from patients with UC and CD exhibited higher TSPO expression,which correlated with increased ROS production and NET formation.In a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis,TSPO was upregulated in the colonic neutrophils and brain tissues,indicating its systemic involvement.PET-CT imaging showed enhanced TSPO uptake in the inflamed colon and brain regions,particularly in the microglia,highlighting neuroinflammation.CONCLUSION TSPO is significantly upregulated in neutrophils in IBD and contributes to intestinal inflammation.Its elevated expression in gut highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic target for IBD.
基金This project was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81872847 and 82173803)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xuzhou(Grant No.KC22256)the Science and Technology Developing Fund of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University(Grant No.2021ZA14)。
文摘Background:Therapy in the latent period is favorable for retarding the process of epileptogenesis.Recently,we have discovered that the activated sigma-1 receptor(Sig-1R)attenuates the hippocampus pathological injury and memory impairment in the latent period of epileptogenesis.But the molecular mechanism needs further investigation.Methods:PRE-084 was utilized as a research tool to highly selectively activate Sig-1R in epileptic mice.After the treatment of PRE-084,the pro-inflammatory cytokines,neuropathological traits,and the level of mitochondrial translocator assembly and maintenance 41 homolog(TAMM41)in the hippocampus were examined.The mode in which the Sig-1R interacts with TAMM41 was explored.The role of TAMM41 in the protecting effect of PRE-084 was established.Results:PRE-084 inhibited the growth of pro-inflammatory cytokines,reduced the formation of gliosis,alleviated neuronal damage in the hippocampus,and attenu-ated memory impairment in the latent period of epileptogenesis.The protein level of TAMM41 decreased in the hippocampi of epileptic mice and increased in the PRE-084-treated mice.The Sig-1R bound with TAMM41 directly,maintaining the stability of TAMM41.Knockdown of TAMM41 reversed the protective effect of PRE-084,and overexpression of TAMM41 exhibited a similar protective action to that of PRE-084.Conclusion:We presented the concept of the“sigma-1 receptor–TAMM41 axis”and proposed that augmenting this axis can attenuate neuroinflammation and memory impairment in the process of epileptogenesis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272200 and 31901425)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(BE2021361)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Technology Innovation Special Fund Project,China(BE2022425)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)the Lv Yang Jin Feng Talent Plan of Yangzhou City,China(YZLYJFJH2022YXBS020)。
文摘Improving rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)are crucial challenges for coordinating food production and environmental health.However,little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of high yield and NUE in rice.Using two near-isogenic rice lines(named DEP1 and dep1),a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess agronomic characteristics and the physiological characteristics of carbon and nitrogen translocation under three nitrogen levels.Compared with DEP1,dep1 had higher grain yield,grain filling percentage,nitrogen(N)uptake,and NUE.More non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)and N in the stems were translocated to grains during grain filling in dep1 than in DEP1.Furthermore,stem NSCs translocation was significantly positively correlated with grain yield,while stem N translocation was significantly positively correlated with NUE.Key carbon metabolism enzyme activities(α-amylase,β-amylase and sucrose-phosphate synthase in stems,and sucrose synthase,ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthase in grains)and stem sucrose transporter gene(OsSUT1 and OsSWEET13)expression were higher in dep1 than in DEP1.This contributed to high stem NSCs translocation.Higher N translocation in the stems occurred due to the higher expression of OsNPF2.4.Moreover,the higher values of root morphological traits(root dry weight,root surface area,root length and root volume)and structural characteristics(stele diameter,cortical thickness and vessel section area)in dep1 explained its high nitrogen uptake.In addition,higher expression of OsNADH-GOGAT1 and OsGS1.3 promoted the assimilation of ammonium and contributed to higher nitrogen uptake in dep1.The application of N reduced carbon translocation but enhanced N translocation by regulating the corresponding metabolic enzyme activities and gene expression.Overall,these findings highlighted the roles of nitrogen uptake,and carbon and nitrogen translocation from stems as crucial characteristics for synergistically improving yield and NUE in the dep1 rice line.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic diarrhoea in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLHIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge,often resulting from opportunistic infections(OIs),malignancies,or disease progression itself.We present a case of an advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patient with chronic diarrhoea,significant weight loss,and antiretroviral therapy(ART)non-compliance,highlighting the diagnostic dilemma between HIV wasting syndrome,OIs,and malignancy.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old female,diagnosed with HIV five years ago on family screening,presented with three months of profuse watery diarrhoea,associated with crampy abdominal pain and weight loss(14 kg,30%in 3 months).She was non-compliant with ART.There was no history of recent travel,food contamination,or tuberculosis contact.Fever episodes were mild and transient.Physical examination revealed pallor and bilateral pedal oedema without lymphadenopathy or organomegaly.Genital examination was unremarkable.Routine investigations revealed severe anaemia and confirmed PLHIV status.CD4 count was<36 cells/μL.Empirical treatment with nitazoxanide was initiated for possible cryptosporidiosis.After ruling out OIs,ART was restarted.With treatment,her diarrhoea resolved,and she tolerated oral intake.Nutritional support was provided,and she was discharged in stable condition with ART,prophylactic antibiotics,and followup instructions for further evaluation.CONCLUSION In ART-noncompliant PLHIV with chronic diarrhoea,distinguishing between HIV wasting syndrome,OIs(Cryptosporidium,Mycobacterium avium complex,cytomegalovirus colitis)and malignancies(non-Hodgkin lymphoma and anal carcinoma)are critical.Gradual CD4 decline,systemic inflammation,and malnutrition favour progressive HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome rather than an acute OI or malignancy.Early recognition and management,including ART reinitiation and nutritional support,are crucial for prognosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a widespread malignancy and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide.AIM To examine the functional role of long non-coding RNAs small nucleolar RNA host gene 5(SNHG5)and its regulation of miR-92a-3p and B-cell translocation gene 2(BTG2)in GC progression.METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis determined the expression of SNHG5,miR-92a-3p,and BTG2 in GC and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa.Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated interactions of SNHG5 with miR-92a-3p and BTG2.AGS cells were transfected with SNHG5 overexpression and miR-92a-3p knockdown models.Various assays,including CCK-8,colony formation,scratch wound healing,and Transwell assays,were used to determine cell proliferation and migration.An experimental model of a xenograft mouse was used to determine in vivo tumor growth.At the same time histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining,with western blot analysis used to evaluate signaling pathway protein expression.RESULTS BTG2 and SNHG5 were downregulated in GC tissues,and miR-92a-3p was upregulated.Overexpression of SNHG5 or knockdown of miR-92a-3p reduced GC cell proliferation and migration,and increased BTG2 expression while decreasing PI3K/AKT signaling activity.The dual-luciferase assays demonstrated direct binding of miR-92a-3p to SNHG5 and BTG2.Tumor volume and weight were significantly reduced in mice transplanted with AGS cells treated with miR-92a-3p inhibitor or SNHG5 overexpression compared with control AGS cells.Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that treated tumors exhibited degenerative characteristics,including irregular morphology and nucleolysis.CONCLUSION LncRNA SNHG5 inhibited GC cell growth and migration by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway via the miR-92a-3p/BTG2 axis.
基金the Ethics Committee of the West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2018256)the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee of Sichuan University in China(No.20211218A).
文摘Objectives:Exosomal long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)might facilitate epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)in liver cancer after transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),thereby enhancing tumor cell invasiveness and migration.This study investigated the prognostic role of plasma exosomal long noncoding RNA-plasmacytoma variant translocation 1(lncRNA-PVT1)in TACE treated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:Plasma exosomal lncRNA-PVT1 was evaluated via qPCR before and after TACE.Hepatoma cell behavior was investigated in different HCC cell lines.A lncRNA-PVT1 plasmid was synthesized and overexpressed,and si-lncRNA PVT1 was transfected into poorly invasive cells to reveal its influence on cell characteristics.The lncRNA-PVT1–FoxM1 interaction was elucidated using a double-luciferase reporter gene assay.The effect of miRNA-345-5p on minimally invasive hepatoma cells was assessed.Three experimental groups were established:poorly invasive cells,poorly invasive cells co-cultured with exosomes from hypoxia-induced highly invasive cells,and poorly invasive cells co-cultured with normal hepatocyte exosomes.Liver cancer cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice,with subsequent observations of weight,tumor formation,and tumor size.Results:We identified two lncRNAs(lncRNA-PVT1 and GAPLINC)associated with EMT in the hypoxic microenvironment of liver cancer.Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to establish a prognostic model distinguishing high-and low-risk groups.Hypoxia-induced HepG2 exosomes significantly promoted EMT in poorly invasive HCC cells.LncRNA-PVT1 overexpression and silencing altered E-cadherin,vimentin,and FoxM1 expression,cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and apoptosis.miR-345-5p directly targeted lncRNA-PVT1 and FoxM1,affecting downstream targets.In vivo,co-culturing poorly invasive hepatoma cells with exosomes from highly invasive cells increased tumor volumes,upregulated lncRNA-PVT1,FoxM1,Ki67,and MMP9 expression,and downregulated miR-345-5p expression.Conclusions:Plasma exosomal lncRNA-PVT1 expression is upregulated in highly invasive cells post-hypoxia,potentially serving as a biomarker for evaluating liver cancer prognosis after TACE.Through a miRNA-345-5p-mediated competing endogenous RNA mechanism,it promotes EMT in poorly invasive cells,likely contributing to recurrence and metastasis post-HCC interventional embolization.
