Anammox was successfully transited from heterotrophic denitrification and autotrophic denitrification in two upflow biofilm reactors, respectively. The results showed that the volumetric loading rate and nitrogen remo...Anammox was successfully transited from heterotrophic denitrification and autotrophic denitrification in two upflow biofilm reactors, respectively. The results showed that the volumetric loading rate and nitrogen removal efficiency in the reactor transited from heterotrophic denitrification were higher than that in its counterpart. When the hydraulic retention time was 12 h or so, the total nitrogen loading rate was about 0.609 kg N/(m3·d), and the effluent ammonia and nitrite concentrations were less than 8.5 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L, respectively. The upflow anammox biofilm reactor was capable of keeping and accumulating the slow-growing bacteria efficiently. During operation of the reactor, the biomass color was gradually turned from brownish to red, and the ratio of ammonia consumption, nitrite consumption and nitrate production approached the theoretical one. These changes could be used as an indicator for working state of the reactor.展开更多
Over the next 20 years,China's urban rail transit(hereinafter referred to as'urban rail')will face large-scalerenovation of existing line facilities and equipment,with more than 1000 km of renovated lines ...Over the next 20 years,China's urban rail transit(hereinafter referred to as'urban rail')will face large-scalerenovation of existing line facilities and equipment,with more than 1000 km of renovated lines to be added eachyear.In 2024,the China Association of Metros issued the Guiding Opinions on the Renovation of Existing UrbanRail Transit Lines in China,providing guiding opinions on norms,standards,and implementation approaches forthe renovation of existing lines in the coming period.In the practical work of renovating existing urban rail lines,it is necessary to continuously explore and refine relevant theoretical methods in line with industry developmenttrends and urban development requirements.The following are the author's recent reflections on theoreticalinnovation in this field.展开更多
Dynamic thermal mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the viscoelasticity of asphalt.The parameters included the energy storage modulus(E),the loss modulus(E'),and the loss tangent(tanδ).The impact of three ki...Dynamic thermal mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the viscoelasticity of asphalt.The parameters included the energy storage modulus(E),the loss modulus(E'),and the loss tangent(tanδ).The impact of three kinds of particles containing CaCO_(3)with different size and structure on the mechanical properties was also measured.The addition of limestone increases the glass transition temperature,while nanoCaCO_(3)@SiO_(2)decreases the glass transition temperature.Nano-CaCO_(3)has a negligible effect on the glass transition temperature.The particle size of the limestone is 0.075 mm,which is a material at the micrometer level.During the heating process,it hinders the molecular movement and makes the material harder.Thus the glass transition temperature is relatively high.展开更多
The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them w...The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.展开更多
Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of re...Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of recycled coral aggregate on concrete properties,this study performed a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties of recycled coral aggregate and the basic mechanical properties and microstructure of RCAC.The test results indicate that,compared to coral debris,the crushing index of recycled coral aggregate was reduced by 9.4%,while porosity decreased by 33.5%.Furthermore,RCAC retained the early strength characteristics of coral concrete,with compressive strength and flexural strength exhibiting a notable increase as the water-cement ratio decreased.Under identical conditions,the compressive strength and flexural strength of RCAC were 12.7% and 2.5% higher than coral concrete's,respectively,with porosity correspondingly reduced from 3.13% to 5.11%.This enhancement could be attributed to the new mortar filling the recycled coral aggregate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis revealed three distinct interface transition zones within RCAC,with the‘new mortar-old mortar’interface identified as the weakest.The above findings provided a reference for the sustainable use of coral concrete in constructing offshore islands.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field re...This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field regulation layer enhances the PD’s performance by not only reducing and smoothing the electric field intensity in the collector layer,allowing photo-generated electrons to transit at peak drift velocity,but also improving the electric field intensity in the depleted absorber layer and optimizing the photo-generated carriers’saturated transit performance.Additionally,the transport characteristics of the peak drift velocity of photogenerated electrons in the device’s collection layer can be used to optimize its parasitic characteristics.The electron’s peak drift velocity compensates for the lost transit time.Thus improving the 3 dB bandwidth of the PD’s photo response.Finally obtains a MUTC-PD with a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 GHz at a responsivity of 0.502 A/W,making it suitable for 100 Gbit/s optical receivers.展开更多
In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well...In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.展开更多
For the development of high-performance metallic glasses,enhancing their stability against viscous flow and crystallization is a primary objective.Vapor deposition or prolonged annealing is an effective method to impr...For the development of high-performance metallic glasses,enhancing their stability against viscous flow and crystallization is a primary objective.Vapor deposition or prolonged annealing is an effective method to improve glass stability,shown by increased glass transition temperature(Tg)and crystallization temperature(Tx).This contributes to the development of ultra-stable metallic glasses.Herein,we demonstrate that modulating the quenching temperature can also produce ultra-stable metallic glasses,as evidenced by an increase in Tx of 17-30 K in Cu-based metallic glasses.By modulating the quenching temperature,separated primary phases,secondary phases,and even nano-oxides can be obtained in the metallic glasses.Notably,metastable phases such as Cu-rich precipitates arising from secondary phase separation play a crucial role in enhancing glass stability.However,the enhancement of the stability of the glass has only a negligible effect on its mechanical properties.This study implies that different melt thermodynamic states generated by liquid-liquid separation and transition collectively determine the frozen-in glass structure.The results of this study will be helpful for the development of ultra-stable bulk glasses.展开更多
By reviewing the research progress and exploration practices of shale gas geology in China,analyzing and summarizing the geological characteristics,enrichment laws,and resource potential of different types of shale ga...By reviewing the research progress and exploration practices of shale gas geology in China,analyzing and summarizing the geological characteristics,enrichment laws,and resource potential of different types of shale gas,the following understandings have been obtained:(1)Marine,transitional,and lacustrine shales in China are distributed from old to new in geological age,and the complexity of tectonic reworking and hydrocarbon generation evolution processes gradually decreases.(2)The sedimentary environment controls the type of source-reservoir configuration,which is the basis of“hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation”.The types of source-reservoir configuration in marine and lacustrine shales are mainly source-reservoir integration,with occasional source-reservoir separation.The configuration types of transitional shale are mainly source-reservoir integration and source-reservoir symbiosis.(3)The resistance of rigid minerals to compression for pore preservation and the overpressure facilitate the enrichment of source-reservoir integrated shale gas.Good source reservoir coupling and preservation conditions are crucial for the shale gas enrichment of source-reservoir symbiosis and source-reservoir separation types.(4)Marine shale remains the main battlefield for increasing shale gas reserves and production in China,while transitional and lacustrine shales are expected to become important replacement areas.It is recommended to carry out the shale gas exploration at three levels:Accelerate the exploration of Silurian,Cambrian,and Permian marine shales in the Upper-Middle Yangtze region;make key exploration breakthroughs in ultra-deep marine shales of the Upper-Middle Yangtze region,the new Ordovician marine shale strata in the North China region,the transitional shales of the Carboniferous and Permian,as well as the Mesozoic lacustrine shale gas in basins such as Sichuan,Ordos and Songliao;explore and prepare for new shale gas exploration areas such as South China and Northwest China,providing technology and resource reserves for the sustainable development of shale gas in China.展开更多
Reasonable manipulation of component and microstructure is considered as a potential route to realize high-performance microwave absorber.In this paper,micro-sized hexapod-like CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) composites were synthesi...Reasonable manipulation of component and microstructure is considered as a potential route to realize high-performance microwave absorber.In this paper,micro-sized hexapod-like CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) composites were synthesized via a facile approach involving the solvothermal method and subsequent sulfuration treatment.The resultant CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) exhibited superb microwave absorbing capacity with a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of-59.38 dB at 2.7 mm.The maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EABmax)was 7.44 GHz(10.56-18 GHz)when the thickness was reduced to 2.3 mm.The outstanding microwave absorbing ability of CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) composites is mainly related to its unique hexapod shape and the formation of heterogeneous interfaces.The unique hexapod shape significantly promotes the multi-reflection of the incident electromagnetic wave(EMW)increasing the attenuation path of EMWs in the material.Hetero-geneous interfaces between CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) enable powerful interface polarization,contributing to the atten-uation of EMWs propagating in the medium.In addition,the EMW absorption performance of CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) composites is also inseparable from the conduction loss.This study provides a strong reference for the research of EMW absorbent materials based on transition metal sulfides.展开更多
The triple bond in N_(2)has an extremely high bond energy and is thus difficult to break.N_(2)is commonly converted into NH3 artificially via the Haber-Bosch process,and NH_(3)can be utilized to produce other nitrogen...The triple bond in N_(2)has an extremely high bond energy and is thus difficult to break.N_(2)is commonly converted into NH3 artificially via the Haber-Bosch process,and NH_(3)can be utilized to produce other nitrogen-containing chemicals.Here,we developed an electron catalyzed method to directly fix N_(2)into azos,by pushing and pulling the electron into and from the aromatic halide with the cyclic voltammetry method.The round-trip journey of electron can successfully weaken the triple bond in N_(2)through the electron pushing-induced aryl radical via a“brick trowel”transition state,and then produce the diazonium ions by pulling the electron out from the diazo radical intermediate.Different azos can be synthesized with this developed electron catalyzed approach.This approach provides a novel concept and practical route for the fixation of N_(2)at atmospheric pressure into chemical products valuable for industrial and commercial applications.展开更多
Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+d...Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.展开更多
Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed t...Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed the cell biology characters of ONFH osteonecrosis area bone tissue in single cell scale and thus identified a novel ONFH treatment approach based on M2 macrophages-derived exosomes(M2-Exos).We further show that M2-Exos are highly effective in the treatment of ONFH by modulating the phenotypes communication between neutrophil and endothelium including neutrophil extracellular traps formation and endothelial phenotype transition.Additionally,we identified that M2-Exos’therapeutic effect is attributed to the high content of miR-93-5p and constructed miR-93-5p overexpression model in vitro and in vivo based on lentivirus and adenoassociated virus respectively.Then we found miR-93-5p can not only reduce neutrophil extracellular traps formation but also improve angiogenic ability of endothelial cells.These results provided a new theoretical basis for the clinical application of ONFH therapeutic exosomes.展开更多
There is a growing recognition of the critical role of security governance in advancing democratic transition in the post-conflict environment.Despite such a recognition,the security sector reform concept has overshad...There is a growing recognition of the critical role of security governance in advancing democratic transition in the post-conflict environment.Despite such a recognition,the security sector reform concept has overshadowed the importance of the overarching strategic role of security governance in transition to democracy,particularly in Africa.This paper assesses the status and challenges facing security governance and how they thwarted the efforts to furthering the democratic transition in South Sudan.The paper shows a deterioration in security,safety and security governance outcomes since the independence of South Sudan in 2011 with such a trend unlikely to be abated in the near future without strategic interventions.Some of the challenges facing security governance in South Sudan include the legacies of some historical events including the“Big Tent Policy”,absence of strategic leadership,lack of overarching policy framework,impractical and tenuous security arrangements in the 2018 peace agreement,persistent postponement of the first elections,and dysfunctional justice sector.The paper provides some strategic and operational recommendations to improve security governance and advance democratic transition in South Sudan.These recommendations include formulation of an inclusive and people-centered national security policy,rigorous judicial reform,and early political agreement on new political infrastructure if conditions for holding the first national elections are not met in 2026.展开更多
China Oil&Gas,as a prominent academic journal in the energy industry,has been dedicated to advancing academic research and industrial development in the oil and gas energy field.As one of the authoritative media o...China Oil&Gas,as a prominent academic journal in the energy industry,has been dedicated to advancing academic research and industrial development in the oil and gas energy field.As one of the authoritative media outlets in the international energy sector,the magazine has long focused on the evolution of the global energy landscape and has organized and participated in several influential academic activities and research projects.展开更多
High-entropy materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics,tailorable chemical composition,and tunable functional properties.In this study,the concept...High-entropy materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics,tailorable chemical composition,and tunable functional properties.In this study,the concept of entropy-mediated phase stabilization was combined with strongly correlated electron systems to achieve directional property control in single-phase manganites.As Ca and Cr are sequentially doped into(Pr_(0.25)La_(0.25)Nd_(0.25)Sm_(0.25))MnO_(3) at specific contents,the original weak ferromagnetic(FM)state with a spin-canted antiferromagnetic(AFM)background transforms into the charge-ordered AFM state,and then further transitions to the intense FM-AFM competition state.Magnetic state evolution also causes significant changes in electrical properties,highlighting the complex magnetoelectronic phase diagram of this system.Under specific doping conditions,the system exhibits a temperature-induced metamagnetic transition and a significant magnetocaloric effect,demonstrating interesting properties brought about by magnetic phase transitions.The complex magnetoelectric behavior induced by the coexistence and competition of multiple interactions is discussed by combining microstructural characterization with a magnetic theory framework.This study explores a method for effectively manipulating the physical properties of manganites based on the high-entropy concept,which is conducive to the development of new functional materials with kaleidoscopic characteristics.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to investigate whether anlotinib reverses osimertinib resistance by inhibiting the formation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.In a clinical case,anlotinib reverse...In the present study,we aimed to investigate whether anlotinib reverses osimertinib resistance by inhibiting the formation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.In a clinical case,anlotinib reversed osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Therefore,we performed immunohistochemical analyses on tumor tissues from three NSCLC patients with osimertinib resistance to analyze alterations in the expression levels of EMT markers and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)before and after the development of osimertinib resistance.The results revealed the downregulation of E-cadherin,coupled with the upregulation of vimentin and VEGFA in tumor tissues of patients exhibiting osimertinib resistance,compared with those in tissues from patients before receiving osimertinib.Subsequently,we established osimertinib-resistant(Osi-R)cell lines and found that the Osi-R cells acquired EMT features.Next,we analyzed the synergistic effects of the combination therapy to verify whether anlotinib could reverse osimertinib resistance by inhibiting EMT.The expression levels of VEGFA and tube formation were analyzed in the combination group in vitro.Finally,we determined the reversal of osimertinib resistance by the combination of osimertinib and anlotinib in vivo using 20 nude mice.The combined treatment of osimertinib and anlotinib effectively prevented the metastasis of Osi-R cells,inhibited tumor growth,exerted antitumor activity,and ultimately reversed osimertinib resistance in mice.The co-administration of osimertinib and anlotinib demonstrated synergistic efficacy in inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis in three NSCLC patients,ultimately reversing osimertinib resistance.展开更多
Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group deve...Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group developed using a HOPE MED 8050 dynamic automatic dusting system.Murine mac-rophage MH-S cells were randomly divided into a control group and an SiO_(2) group.The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Van Gieson(VG)staining.The distribution and location of macrophage marker(F4/80),M1 macrophage marker(iNOS),M2 macrophage marker(CD206),and myofibroblast marker(α-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA])were detected using immu-nohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.The expression changes in iNOS,Arg,α-SMA,vimentin,and type I collagen(Col I)were measured using Western blot.Results:The results of HE and VG staining showed obvious silicon nodule formation and the distribution of thick collagen fibers in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.Macrophage marker F4/80 increased gradually from 8 to 32 weeks after exposure to silica.Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that there were more iNOS-positive cells and some CD206-positive cells in the lung tissue of the silicosis group at 8 weeks.More CD206-positive cells were found in the silicon nodules of the lung tissues in the silicosis group at 32 weeks.Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of Inducible nitric oxide synthase and Arg protein in the lung tissues of the silicosis group were upregulated compared with those of the con-trol group.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed the co-expression of F4/80,α-SMA,and Col I,and CD206 andα-SMA were co-expressed in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.The extracted rat alveolar lavage fluid revealed F4/80+α-SMA+,CD206+α-SMA+,and F4/80+α-SMA+Col I+cells using immunofluorescence staining.Similar results were also found in MH-S cells induced by SiO_(2).Conclusions:The development of silicosis is accompanied by macrophage polarization and MMT.展开更多
Thick electrodes can reduce the ratio of inactive constituents in a holistic energy storage system while improving energy and power densities.Unfortunately,traditional slurry-casting electrodes induce high-tortuous io...Thick electrodes can reduce the ratio of inactive constituents in a holistic energy storage system while improving energy and power densities.Unfortunately,traditional slurry-casting electrodes induce high-tortuous ionic diffusion routes that directly depress the capacitance with a thickening design.To overcome this,a novel 3D low-tortuosity,self-supporting,wood-structured ultrathick electrode(NiMoN@WC,a thickness of~1400 mm)with hierarchical porosity and artificial array-distributed small holes was constructed via anchoring bimetallic nitrides into the monolithic wood carbons.Accompanying the embedded NiMoN nanoclusters with well-designed geometric and electronic structure,the vertically low-tortuous channels,enlarged specific surface area and pore volume,superhydrophilic interface,and excellent charge conductivities,a superior capacitance of NiMoN@WC thick electrodes(~5350 mF cm^(-2)and 184.5 F g^(-1))is achieved without the structural deformation.In especial,monolithic wood carbons with gradient porous network not only function as the high-flux matrices to ameliorate the NiMoN loading via cell wall engineering but also allow fully-exposed electroactive substance and efficient current collection,thereby deliver an acceptable rate capability over 75%retention even at a high sweep rate of 20 mA cm^(-2).Additionally,an asymmetric NiMoN@WC//WC supercapacitor with an available working voltage of 1.0-1.8 V is assembled to demonstrate a maximum energy density of~2.04 mWh cm^(-2)(17.4 Wh kg^(-1))at a power density of 1620 mW cm^(-2),along with a decent long-term lifespan over 10,000 charging-discharging cycles.As a guideline,the rational design of wood ultrathick electrode with nanostructured transition metal nitrides sketch a promising blueprint for alleviating global energy scarcity while expanding carbon-neutral technologies.展开更多
Due to the low content of alloying elements and the lack of effective nucleation sites,the fusion zone(FZ)of tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded AZ31 alloy typically exhibits undesirable coarse columnar grains,which can res...Due to the low content of alloying elements and the lack of effective nucleation sites,the fusion zone(FZ)of tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded AZ31 alloy typically exhibits undesirable coarse columnar grains,which can result in solidification defects and reduced mechanical properties.In this work,a novel welding wire containing MgO particles has been developed to promote columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET)in the FZ of TIG-welded AZ31 alloy.The results show the achievement of a fully equiaxed grain structure in the FZ,with a significant 71.9%reduction in grain size to 41 μm from the original coarse columnar dendrites.Furthermore,the combination of using MgO-containing welding wire and pulse current can further refine the grain size to 25.6 μm.Microstructural analyses reveal the homogeneous distribution of MgO particles in the FZ.The application of pulse current results in an increase in the number density of MgO(1-2 μm)from 5.16 × 10^(4) m^(-3) to 6.18 × 10^(4) m^(-3).The good crystallographic matching relationship between MgO and α-Mg matrix,characterized by the orientation relationship of[11(2)0]α-Mg//[0(1)1]MgO and(0002)_(α-Mg)//(111)_(MgO),indicates that the MgO particles can act as effective nucleation sites for α-Mg to reduce nucleation undercooling.According to the Hunt criteria,the critical temperature gradient for CET is greatly enhanced due to the significantly increased number density of MgO nucleation sites.In addition,the correlation with the thermal simulation results reveals a transition in the solidification conditions within the welding pool from the columnar grain zone to the equiaxed grain zone in the CET map,leading to the realization of CET.The exceptional grain refinement has contributed to a simultaneous improvement in the strength and plasticity of welded joints.This study presents a novel strategy for controlling equiaxed microstructure and optimizing mechanical properties in fusion welding or wire and arc additive manufacturing of Mg alloy components.展开更多
基金TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No . 30 0 70 0 1 7) theScienceandTechnologyFoundationforKeyProjectofZhejiang
文摘Anammox was successfully transited from heterotrophic denitrification and autotrophic denitrification in two upflow biofilm reactors, respectively. The results showed that the volumetric loading rate and nitrogen removal efficiency in the reactor transited from heterotrophic denitrification were higher than that in its counterpart. When the hydraulic retention time was 12 h or so, the total nitrogen loading rate was about 0.609 kg N/(m3·d), and the effluent ammonia and nitrite concentrations were less than 8.5 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L, respectively. The upflow anammox biofilm reactor was capable of keeping and accumulating the slow-growing bacteria efficiently. During operation of the reactor, the biomass color was gradually turned from brownish to red, and the ratio of ammonia consumption, nitrite consumption and nitrate production approached the theoretical one. These changes could be used as an indicator for working state of the reactor.
文摘Over the next 20 years,China's urban rail transit(hereinafter referred to as'urban rail')will face large-scalerenovation of existing line facilities and equipment,with more than 1000 km of renovated lines to be added eachyear.In 2024,the China Association of Metros issued the Guiding Opinions on the Renovation of Existing UrbanRail Transit Lines in China,providing guiding opinions on norms,standards,and implementation approaches forthe renovation of existing lines in the coming period.In the practical work of renovating existing urban rail lines,it is necessary to continuously explore and refine relevant theoretical methods in line with industry developmenttrends and urban development requirements.The following are the author's recent reflections on theoreticalinnovation in this field.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472033)。
文摘Dynamic thermal mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the viscoelasticity of asphalt.The parameters included the energy storage modulus(E),the loss modulus(E'),and the loss tangent(tanδ).The impact of three kinds of particles containing CaCO_(3)with different size and structure on the mechanical properties was also measured.The addition of limestone increases the glass transition temperature,while nanoCaCO_(3)@SiO_(2)decreases the glass transition temperature.Nano-CaCO_(3)has a negligible effect on the glass transition temperature.The particle size of the limestone is 0.075 mm,which is a material at the micrometer level.During the heating process,it hinders the molecular movement and makes the material harder.Thus the glass transition temperature is relatively high.
文摘The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.
基金Funded by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2025GXNSFBA069565)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(No.AD25069101)Guangxi Bagui Scholars Fund。
文摘Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of recycled coral aggregate on concrete properties,this study performed a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties of recycled coral aggregate and the basic mechanical properties and microstructure of RCAC.The test results indicate that,compared to coral debris,the crushing index of recycled coral aggregate was reduced by 9.4%,while porosity decreased by 33.5%.Furthermore,RCAC retained the early strength characteristics of coral concrete,with compressive strength and flexural strength exhibiting a notable increase as the water-cement ratio decreased.Under identical conditions,the compressive strength and flexural strength of RCAC were 12.7% and 2.5% higher than coral concrete's,respectively,with porosity correspondingly reduced from 3.13% to 5.11%.This enhancement could be attributed to the new mortar filling the recycled coral aggregate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis revealed three distinct interface transition zones within RCAC,with the‘new mortar-old mortar’interface identified as the weakest.The above findings provided a reference for the sustainable use of coral concrete in constructing offshore islands.
文摘This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field regulation layer enhances the PD’s performance by not only reducing and smoothing the electric field intensity in the collector layer,allowing photo-generated electrons to transit at peak drift velocity,but also improving the electric field intensity in the depleted absorber layer and optimizing the photo-generated carriers’saturated transit performance.Additionally,the transport characteristics of the peak drift velocity of photogenerated electrons in the device’s collection layer can be used to optimize its parasitic characteristics.The electron’s peak drift velocity compensates for the lost transit time.Thus improving the 3 dB bandwidth of the PD’s photo response.Finally obtains a MUTC-PD with a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 GHz at a responsivity of 0.502 A/W,making it suitable for 100 Gbit/s optical receivers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Program(No.U22A20420)Changzhou Leading Innovative Talents Introduction and Cultivation Project(No.CQ20230109)for supporting our work。
文摘In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51827801,52371152,and 51971120).
文摘For the development of high-performance metallic glasses,enhancing their stability against viscous flow and crystallization is a primary objective.Vapor deposition or prolonged annealing is an effective method to improve glass stability,shown by increased glass transition temperature(Tg)and crystallization temperature(Tx).This contributes to the development of ultra-stable metallic glasses.Herein,we demonstrate that modulating the quenching temperature can also produce ultra-stable metallic glasses,as evidenced by an increase in Tx of 17-30 K in Cu-based metallic glasses.By modulating the quenching temperature,separated primary phases,secondary phases,and even nano-oxides can be obtained in the metallic glasses.Notably,metastable phases such as Cu-rich precipitates arising from secondary phase separation play a crucial role in enhancing glass stability.However,the enhancement of the stability of the glass has only a negligible effect on its mechanical properties.This study implies that different melt thermodynamic states generated by liquid-liquid separation and transition collectively determine the frozen-in glass structure.The results of this study will be helpful for the development of ultra-stable bulk glasses.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172165,42272143)Project of SINOPEC Science and Technology Department(P24181,KLP24017).
文摘By reviewing the research progress and exploration practices of shale gas geology in China,analyzing and summarizing the geological characteristics,enrichment laws,and resource potential of different types of shale gas,the following understandings have been obtained:(1)Marine,transitional,and lacustrine shales in China are distributed from old to new in geological age,and the complexity of tectonic reworking and hydrocarbon generation evolution processes gradually decreases.(2)The sedimentary environment controls the type of source-reservoir configuration,which is the basis of“hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation”.The types of source-reservoir configuration in marine and lacustrine shales are mainly source-reservoir integration,with occasional source-reservoir separation.The configuration types of transitional shale are mainly source-reservoir integration and source-reservoir symbiosis.(3)The resistance of rigid minerals to compression for pore preservation and the overpressure facilitate the enrichment of source-reservoir integrated shale gas.Good source reservoir coupling and preservation conditions are crucial for the shale gas enrichment of source-reservoir symbiosis and source-reservoir separation types.(4)Marine shale remains the main battlefield for increasing shale gas reserves and production in China,while transitional and lacustrine shales are expected to become important replacement areas.It is recommended to carry out the shale gas exploration at three levels:Accelerate the exploration of Silurian,Cambrian,and Permian marine shales in the Upper-Middle Yangtze region;make key exploration breakthroughs in ultra-deep marine shales of the Upper-Middle Yangtze region,the new Ordovician marine shale strata in the North China region,the transitional shales of the Carboniferous and Permian,as well as the Mesozoic lacustrine shale gas in basins such as Sichuan,Ordos and Songliao;explore and prepare for new shale gas exploration areas such as South China and Northwest China,providing technology and resource reserves for the sustainable development of shale gas in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52377026 and 52301192)the Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellow-ship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202400275)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Reasonable manipulation of component and microstructure is considered as a potential route to realize high-performance microwave absorber.In this paper,micro-sized hexapod-like CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) composites were synthesized via a facile approach involving the solvothermal method and subsequent sulfuration treatment.The resultant CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) exhibited superb microwave absorbing capacity with a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of-59.38 dB at 2.7 mm.The maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EABmax)was 7.44 GHz(10.56-18 GHz)when the thickness was reduced to 2.3 mm.The outstanding microwave absorbing ability of CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) composites is mainly related to its unique hexapod shape and the formation of heterogeneous interfaces.The unique hexapod shape significantly promotes the multi-reflection of the incident electromagnetic wave(EMW)increasing the attenuation path of EMWs in the material.Hetero-geneous interfaces between CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) enable powerful interface polarization,contributing to the atten-uation of EMWs propagating in the medium.In addition,the EMW absorption performance of CuS/Cu_(9)S_(5) composites is also inseparable from the conduction loss.This study provides a strong reference for the research of EMW absorbent materials based on transition metal sulfides.
文摘The triple bond in N_(2)has an extremely high bond energy and is thus difficult to break.N_(2)is commonly converted into NH3 artificially via the Haber-Bosch process,and NH_(3)can be utilized to produce other nitrogen-containing chemicals.Here,we developed an electron catalyzed method to directly fix N_(2)into azos,by pushing and pulling the electron into and from the aromatic halide with the cyclic voltammetry method.The round-trip journey of electron can successfully weaken the triple bond in N_(2)through the electron pushing-induced aryl radical via a“brick trowel”transition state,and then produce the diazonium ions by pulling the electron out from the diazo radical intermediate.Different azos can be synthesized with this developed electron catalyzed approach.This approach provides a novel concept and practical route for the fixation of N_(2)at atmospheric pressure into chemical products valuable for industrial and commercial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805018)by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2022ZHCG0018,2023NSFSC0117 and 2023ZHCG0060)Yibin Science and Technology Program(No.2022JB005)and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722704).
文摘Layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries.However,irreversible phase transitions cause structural distortion and cation rearrangement,leading to sluggish Na+dynamics and rapid capacity decay.In this study,we propose a medium-entropy cathode by simultaneously introducing Fe,Mg,and Li dopants into a typical P2-type Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)cathode.The modified Na_(0.75)Ni_(0.2125)Mn_(0.6375)Fe_(0.05)Mg_(0.05)Li_(0.05)O_(2)cathode predominantly exhibits a main P2 phase(93.5%)with a minor O3 phase(6.5%).Through spectroscopy techniques and electrochemical investigations,we elucidate the redox mechanisms of Ni^(2+/3+/4+),Mn^(3+/4+),Fe^(3+/4+),and O_(2)-/O_(2)^(n-)during charging/discharging.The medium-entropy doping mitigates the detrimental P2-O_(2)phase transition at high-voltage,replacing it with a moderate and reversible structural evolution(P2-OP4),thereby enhancing structural stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a remarkable rate capacity of 108.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 10C,with a capacity retention of 99.0%after 200 cycles at 1C,82.5%after 500 cycles at 5C,and 76.7%after 600 cycles at 10C.Furthermore,it also demonstrates superior electrochemical performance at high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V and extreme temperature(55 and 0℃).This work offers solutions to critical challenges in sodium ion batteries cathode materials.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.82272503)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LQN25H060006)
文摘Exosomes have shown good potential in ischemic injury disease treatments.However,evidence about their effect and molecular mechanisms in osteonecrosis of femoral head(ONFH)treatment is still limited.Here,we revealed the cell biology characters of ONFH osteonecrosis area bone tissue in single cell scale and thus identified a novel ONFH treatment approach based on M2 macrophages-derived exosomes(M2-Exos).We further show that M2-Exos are highly effective in the treatment of ONFH by modulating the phenotypes communication between neutrophil and endothelium including neutrophil extracellular traps formation and endothelial phenotype transition.Additionally,we identified that M2-Exos’therapeutic effect is attributed to the high content of miR-93-5p and constructed miR-93-5p overexpression model in vitro and in vivo based on lentivirus and adenoassociated virus respectively.Then we found miR-93-5p can not only reduce neutrophil extracellular traps formation but also improve angiogenic ability of endothelial cells.These results provided a new theoretical basis for the clinical application of ONFH therapeutic exosomes.
文摘There is a growing recognition of the critical role of security governance in advancing democratic transition in the post-conflict environment.Despite such a recognition,the security sector reform concept has overshadowed the importance of the overarching strategic role of security governance in transition to democracy,particularly in Africa.This paper assesses the status and challenges facing security governance and how they thwarted the efforts to furthering the democratic transition in South Sudan.The paper shows a deterioration in security,safety and security governance outcomes since the independence of South Sudan in 2011 with such a trend unlikely to be abated in the near future without strategic interventions.Some of the challenges facing security governance in South Sudan include the legacies of some historical events including the“Big Tent Policy”,absence of strategic leadership,lack of overarching policy framework,impractical and tenuous security arrangements in the 2018 peace agreement,persistent postponement of the first elections,and dysfunctional justice sector.The paper provides some strategic and operational recommendations to improve security governance and advance democratic transition in South Sudan.These recommendations include formulation of an inclusive and people-centered national security policy,rigorous judicial reform,and early political agreement on new political infrastructure if conditions for holding the first national elections are not met in 2026.
文摘China Oil&Gas,as a prominent academic journal in the energy industry,has been dedicated to advancing academic research and industrial development in the oil and gas energy field.As one of the authoritative media outlets in the international energy sector,the magazine has long focused on the evolution of the global energy landscape and has organized and participated in several influential academic activities and research projects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12074204,12374258 and 12404326)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Nos.2022ZD06 and 2023QN01008)+3 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NMGIRT2203)the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJZZ23024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University(No.2023JBYJ015)the Funds for Reform and Development of Local Universities Supported by the Central Government(Cultivation of First-Class Disciplines in Physics).
文摘High-entropy materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics,tailorable chemical composition,and tunable functional properties.In this study,the concept of entropy-mediated phase stabilization was combined with strongly correlated electron systems to achieve directional property control in single-phase manganites.As Ca and Cr are sequentially doped into(Pr_(0.25)La_(0.25)Nd_(0.25)Sm_(0.25))MnO_(3) at specific contents,the original weak ferromagnetic(FM)state with a spin-canted antiferromagnetic(AFM)background transforms into the charge-ordered AFM state,and then further transitions to the intense FM-AFM competition state.Magnetic state evolution also causes significant changes in electrical properties,highlighting the complex magnetoelectronic phase diagram of this system.Under specific doping conditions,the system exhibits a temperature-induced metamagnetic transition and a significant magnetocaloric effect,demonstrating interesting properties brought about by magnetic phase transitions.The complex magnetoelectric behavior induced by the coexistence and competition of multiple interactions is discussed by combining microstructural characterization with a magnetic theory framework.This study explores a method for effectively manipulating the physical properties of manganites based on the high-entropy concept,which is conducive to the development of new functional materials with kaleidoscopic characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82172728,82370096).
文摘In the present study,we aimed to investigate whether anlotinib reverses osimertinib resistance by inhibiting the formation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.In a clinical case,anlotinib reversed osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Therefore,we performed immunohistochemical analyses on tumor tissues from three NSCLC patients with osimertinib resistance to analyze alterations in the expression levels of EMT markers and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)before and after the development of osimertinib resistance.The results revealed the downregulation of E-cadherin,coupled with the upregulation of vimentin and VEGFA in tumor tissues of patients exhibiting osimertinib resistance,compared with those in tissues from patients before receiving osimertinib.Subsequently,we established osimertinib-resistant(Osi-R)cell lines and found that the Osi-R cells acquired EMT features.Next,we analyzed the synergistic effects of the combination therapy to verify whether anlotinib could reverse osimertinib resistance by inhibiting EMT.The expression levels of VEGFA and tube formation were analyzed in the combination group in vitro.Finally,we determined the reversal of osimertinib resistance by the combination of osimertinib and anlotinib in vivo using 20 nude mice.The combined treatment of osimertinib and anlotinib effectively prevented the metastasis of Osi-R cells,inhibited tumor growth,exerted antitumor activity,and ultimately reversed osimertinib resistance in mice.The co-administration of osimertinib and anlotinib demonstrated synergistic efficacy in inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis in three NSCLC patients,ultimately reversing osimertinib resistance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.82204006)the Science and Technology of Project of Hebei Education Department(QN2022009)+1 种基金the Provincial Graduate Student Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province(CXZZBS2022104)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2020209292).
文摘Background:The aim was to explore the effect of macrophage polarization and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition(MMT)in silicosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group and a silicosis group developed using a HOPE MED 8050 dynamic automatic dusting system.Murine mac-rophage MH-S cells were randomly divided into a control group and an SiO_(2) group.The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Van Gieson(VG)staining.The distribution and location of macrophage marker(F4/80),M1 macrophage marker(iNOS),M2 macrophage marker(CD206),and myofibroblast marker(α-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA])were detected using immu-nohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.The expression changes in iNOS,Arg,α-SMA,vimentin,and type I collagen(Col I)were measured using Western blot.Results:The results of HE and VG staining showed obvious silicon nodule formation and the distribution of thick collagen fibers in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.Macrophage marker F4/80 increased gradually from 8 to 32 weeks after exposure to silica.Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that there were more iNOS-positive cells and some CD206-positive cells in the lung tissue of the silicosis group at 8 weeks.More CD206-positive cells were found in the silicon nodules of the lung tissues in the silicosis group at 32 weeks.Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of Inducible nitric oxide synthase and Arg protein in the lung tissues of the silicosis group were upregulated compared with those of the con-trol group.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed the co-expression of F4/80,α-SMA,and Col I,and CD206 andα-SMA were co-expressed in the lung tissue of the silicosis group.The extracted rat alveolar lavage fluid revealed F4/80+α-SMA+,CD206+α-SMA+,and F4/80+α-SMA+Col I+cells using immunofluorescence staining.Similar results were also found in MH-S cells induced by SiO_(2).Conclusions:The development of silicosis is accompanied by macrophage polarization and MMT.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171728)Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Project(2022020801020312).
文摘Thick electrodes can reduce the ratio of inactive constituents in a holistic energy storage system while improving energy and power densities.Unfortunately,traditional slurry-casting electrodes induce high-tortuous ionic diffusion routes that directly depress the capacitance with a thickening design.To overcome this,a novel 3D low-tortuosity,self-supporting,wood-structured ultrathick electrode(NiMoN@WC,a thickness of~1400 mm)with hierarchical porosity and artificial array-distributed small holes was constructed via anchoring bimetallic nitrides into the monolithic wood carbons.Accompanying the embedded NiMoN nanoclusters with well-designed geometric and electronic structure,the vertically low-tortuous channels,enlarged specific surface area and pore volume,superhydrophilic interface,and excellent charge conductivities,a superior capacitance of NiMoN@WC thick electrodes(~5350 mF cm^(-2)and 184.5 F g^(-1))is achieved without the structural deformation.In especial,monolithic wood carbons with gradient porous network not only function as the high-flux matrices to ameliorate the NiMoN loading via cell wall engineering but also allow fully-exposed electroactive substance and efficient current collection,thereby deliver an acceptable rate capability over 75%retention even at a high sweep rate of 20 mA cm^(-2).Additionally,an asymmetric NiMoN@WC//WC supercapacitor with an available working voltage of 1.0-1.8 V is assembled to demonstrate a maximum energy density of~2.04 mWh cm^(-2)(17.4 Wh kg^(-1))at a power density of 1620 mW cm^(-2),along with a decent long-term lifespan over 10,000 charging-discharging cycles.As a guideline,the rational design of wood ultrathick electrode with nanostructured transition metal nitrides sketch a promising blueprint for alleviating global energy scarcity while expanding carbon-neutral technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871155).
文摘Due to the low content of alloying elements and the lack of effective nucleation sites,the fusion zone(FZ)of tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded AZ31 alloy typically exhibits undesirable coarse columnar grains,which can result in solidification defects and reduced mechanical properties.In this work,a novel welding wire containing MgO particles has been developed to promote columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET)in the FZ of TIG-welded AZ31 alloy.The results show the achievement of a fully equiaxed grain structure in the FZ,with a significant 71.9%reduction in grain size to 41 μm from the original coarse columnar dendrites.Furthermore,the combination of using MgO-containing welding wire and pulse current can further refine the grain size to 25.6 μm.Microstructural analyses reveal the homogeneous distribution of MgO particles in the FZ.The application of pulse current results in an increase in the number density of MgO(1-2 μm)from 5.16 × 10^(4) m^(-3) to 6.18 × 10^(4) m^(-3).The good crystallographic matching relationship between MgO and α-Mg matrix,characterized by the orientation relationship of[11(2)0]α-Mg//[0(1)1]MgO and(0002)_(α-Mg)//(111)_(MgO),indicates that the MgO particles can act as effective nucleation sites for α-Mg to reduce nucleation undercooling.According to the Hunt criteria,the critical temperature gradient for CET is greatly enhanced due to the significantly increased number density of MgO nucleation sites.In addition,the correlation with the thermal simulation results reveals a transition in the solidification conditions within the welding pool from the columnar grain zone to the equiaxed grain zone in the CET map,leading to the realization of CET.The exceptional grain refinement has contributed to a simultaneous improvement in the strength and plasticity of welded joints.This study presents a novel strategy for controlling equiaxed microstructure and optimizing mechanical properties in fusion welding or wire and arc additive manufacturing of Mg alloy components.
