Objective:To assess the sero-positivity rate of HIV infection among clinically suspected subjects of reproductive age group(15-49 years),biological and behavioral characteristics of the subjects gender specific variat...Objective:To assess the sero-positivity rate of HIV infection among clinically suspected subjects of reproductive age group(15-49 years),biological and behavioral characteristics of the subjects gender specific variation of sero-positivity rale,and the differentials of the sero-positivity rate for the history of blood transfusion or blood products or other organs,history of needle exposure and symptoms of morbidity.Methods:Study is based on the retrospective data of the calendar year 2005 obtained from Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre(VCTC)(now renamed as ICTC),Department of Microbiology,I.M.S.,B.H.U..Varanasi.These cases were either referred by the consultants of different OPD'S of Sir Sunderlal Hospital or came voluntarily for knowing their HIV status.About 2-3 mL of blood samples were collected in a plain vial and tested for HIV status by strategy Ⅱ/Ⅲ as per WHO/NACO guidelines.Results:Overall sero-positivity of HIV was 15.3%(18.1%in males and 12.2%in females) which increased 6-7 folds in the age group 35-49 years as compared to 15-24 years in both the sexes.Sero-positivity rate in male migrants was 43.1%,while in female migrants it was 18.7%.The history of multiple sexual contacts was about 3 times higher in males as compared to females;predominantly it was very high in male migrants(67.7%) as compared to male non-migrants(15.8%).History of multiple sexual contacts was not uncommon in females and it was 25.0%in female migrants and 9.7%in non-migrant females.The sero-positivity rate with the history of multiple sexual contacts was 45.4%in males and 60.3%in females,while without history of multiple sexual contacts these were only 2.8%and 5.3%respectively.Sero-positive cases had on an average 3.6±1.7 various morbidity symptoms as compared to 0.7±1.1 in sero-negatives.It is to be noted that sero-positivity rate was more in those females who seemed apparently healthy compared to those presenting with some of the symptoms;vice versa,in males presenting with some symptoms HIV infection was 7 times higher than those without symptoms.Conclusions:The findings indicate a high sero-positivity among both the genders.Multiple heterosexual contacts,especially,in migrants are the main root of transmission of HIV.These are causing spread of HIV to their spouses.The multiple sexual contacts in the society,especially,among non migrant females of this region are indicating the distortion of traditions and cultures which are a serious concern and may lead to HTV infection on the rise.Awareness program to the susceptible group is the need to reduce further spread of HIV.展开更多
With the help of the testing apparatus made by ourselves for shielding electromagnetic radiation, the electric conductivity and shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic radiation of polyethylene film contained diffe...With the help of the testing apparatus made by ourselves for shielding electromagnetic radiation, the electric conductivity and shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic radiation of polyethylene film contained different content of carbon particles was systematically studied in this paper. The results indicate that the electric conductivity and shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic radiation of polyethylene /carbon film have closely relations with content of carbon black particles, which exists a critical content value as 14%～30% and its properties will have a tremendous change.展开更多
In the realm of condensed matter physics,the properties of material are largely determined by the degrees of freedom associated with lattice,charge,orbital,and spin,as well as their intricate interplay.Unveiling the c...In the realm of condensed matter physics,the properties of material are largely determined by the degrees of freedom associated with lattice,charge,orbital,and spin,as well as their intricate interplay.Unveiling the coupling mechanisms between these freedoms and effectively manipulating them necessitate a profound exploration into ultrafast dynamics,owing to the nanoseconds,femtoseconds,and even attoseconds timescales governing these fundamental interactions.Ultrafast transmission electron microscopy(UTEM)emerges as a powerful technique enabling the research of ultrafast dynamics with exceptional spatial-temporal resolution,showcasing diverse applications within nanoscale systems.Over the past decades,UTEM has witnessed significant advancements in instrument development,fostering its widespread utilization across various domains.This review firstly introduces the fundamental principles of UTEM and traces its historical evolution,intricately involving the integration of the pump-probe principle with transmission electron microscopy.Subsequently,the key performance characteristics of UTEM are succinctly summarized.Moreover,a detailed exposition is provided on the manifold applications of UTEM,encompassing structural dynamics,magnetic phenomena,and nearfield optics,each delineated according to their respective time-resolved methodologies.Concluding the review,a forward-looking perspective on the UTEM technique is presented,envisioning its significance in the realm of ultrafast dynamics research.展开更多
Piezoelectric transmission spectroelectrochemistry (PTSEC), i.e., the combination of electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique is reported by ...Piezoelectric transmission spectroelectrochemistry (PTSEC), i.e., the combination of electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique is reported by using a normal piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) as an optically-transparent electrode (OTE). A theoretical relationship between the PQC response and the spectroelectrochemical response is derived and used to estimate the apparent molar absorptivity of the absorbing species deposited on the OTE on the PQC surface. The complex of copper with aspartic acid is used to test this new PQC-SEC technique. Results show that the combination of three such diverse techniques provides a very useful methodology for studying electrode processes and electrode surface characteristics in situ.展开更多
Narrow-band transmissivities in the spectral range of 150 to 9300 cml and at a uniform resolution of 25 cm-1 were calculated using the statistical narrow-band （SNB） model with the band parameters of Soufiani and Tai...Narrow-band transmissivities in the spectral range of 150 to 9300 cml and at a uniform resolution of 25 cm-1 were calculated using the statistical narrow-band （SNB） model with the band parameters of Soufiani and Taine, the more recent parameters of Andr6 and Vaillon, and the line-by-line （LBL） method along with the HITEMP-2010 spectroscopic database. Calculations of narrow-band transmissivity were conducted for gas columns of different lengths and containing different isothermal and non-isothermal CO2-H20-N2 mixtures at 1 atm. Narrow-band transmissivities calculated by the SNB model are in large relative error at many bands. The more recent SNB model parameters of Andr6 and Vaillon are more accurate than the earlier parameters of Soufiani and Taine. The Planck mean absorption coefficients of CO2, H20, CO, and CH4 in the temperature range of 300 to 2500K were calculated using the LBL method and different versions of the high resolution transmission （HITRAN） and high-temperature spectroscopic absorption parameters （HITEMP） spectroscopic databases. The SNB model was also used to calculate the Planck mean absorption coefficients of these four radiating gases. The LBL results of the Planck mean absorption coefficient were compared with the classical results of Tien and those from the SNB model.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the sero-positivity rate of HIV infection among clinically suspected subjects of reproductive age group(15-49 years),biological and behavioral characteristics of the subjects gender specific variation of sero-positivity rale,and the differentials of the sero-positivity rate for the history of blood transfusion or blood products or other organs,history of needle exposure and symptoms of morbidity.Methods:Study is based on the retrospective data of the calendar year 2005 obtained from Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre(VCTC)(now renamed as ICTC),Department of Microbiology,I.M.S.,B.H.U..Varanasi.These cases were either referred by the consultants of different OPD'S of Sir Sunderlal Hospital or came voluntarily for knowing their HIV status.About 2-3 mL of blood samples were collected in a plain vial and tested for HIV status by strategy Ⅱ/Ⅲ as per WHO/NACO guidelines.Results:Overall sero-positivity of HIV was 15.3%(18.1%in males and 12.2%in females) which increased 6-7 folds in the age group 35-49 years as compared to 15-24 years in both the sexes.Sero-positivity rate in male migrants was 43.1%,while in female migrants it was 18.7%.The history of multiple sexual contacts was about 3 times higher in males as compared to females;predominantly it was very high in male migrants(67.7%) as compared to male non-migrants(15.8%).History of multiple sexual contacts was not uncommon in females and it was 25.0%in female migrants and 9.7%in non-migrant females.The sero-positivity rate with the history of multiple sexual contacts was 45.4%in males and 60.3%in females,while without history of multiple sexual contacts these were only 2.8%and 5.3%respectively.Sero-positive cases had on an average 3.6±1.7 various morbidity symptoms as compared to 0.7±1.1 in sero-negatives.It is to be noted that sero-positivity rate was more in those females who seemed apparently healthy compared to those presenting with some of the symptoms;vice versa,in males presenting with some symptoms HIV infection was 7 times higher than those without symptoms.Conclusions:The findings indicate a high sero-positivity among both the genders.Multiple heterosexual contacts,especially,in migrants are the main root of transmission of HIV.These are causing spread of HIV to their spouses.The multiple sexual contacts in the society,especially,among non migrant females of this region are indicating the distortion of traditions and cultures which are a serious concern and may lead to HTV infection on the rise.Awareness program to the susceptible group is the need to reduce further spread of HIV.
文摘With the help of the testing apparatus made by ourselves for shielding electromagnetic radiation, the electric conductivity and shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic radiation of polyethylene film contained different content of carbon particles was systematically studied in this paper. The results indicate that the electric conductivity and shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic radiation of polyethylene /carbon film have closely relations with content of carbon black particles, which exists a critical content value as 14%～30% and its properties will have a tremendous change.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1408000,2020YFA0309300,2023YFB3307701,and 2023YFA1507000the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.12127803,12204250,92477130,and 12074195)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.22JCYBJC01210)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701789)the 111 Project(Grant No.B23045)the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”,Nankai University(Grant Nos.63213040,C029211101,C02922101,ZB22000104,DK2300010207,63243194,and 9242000728).
文摘In the realm of condensed matter physics,the properties of material are largely determined by the degrees of freedom associated with lattice,charge,orbital,and spin,as well as their intricate interplay.Unveiling the coupling mechanisms between these freedoms and effectively manipulating them necessitate a profound exploration into ultrafast dynamics,owing to the nanoseconds,femtoseconds,and even attoseconds timescales governing these fundamental interactions.Ultrafast transmission electron microscopy(UTEM)emerges as a powerful technique enabling the research of ultrafast dynamics with exceptional spatial-temporal resolution,showcasing diverse applications within nanoscale systems.Over the past decades,UTEM has witnessed significant advancements in instrument development,fostering its widespread utilization across various domains.This review firstly introduces the fundamental principles of UTEM and traces its historical evolution,intricately involving the integration of the pump-probe principle with transmission electron microscopy.Subsequently,the key performance characteristics of UTEM are succinctly summarized.Moreover,a detailed exposition is provided on the manifold applications of UTEM,encompassing structural dynamics,magnetic phenomena,and nearfield optics,each delineated according to their respective time-resolved methodologies.Concluding the review,a forward-looking perspective on the UTEM technique is presented,envisioning its significance in the realm of ultrafast dynamics research.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Education commission Foundation of China.
文摘Piezoelectric transmission spectroelectrochemistry (PTSEC), i.e., the combination of electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique is reported by using a normal piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) as an optically-transparent electrode (OTE). A theoretical relationship between the PQC response and the spectroelectrochemical response is derived and used to estimate the apparent molar absorptivity of the absorbing species deposited on the OTE on the PQC surface. The complex of copper with aspartic acid is used to test this new PQC-SEC technique. Results show that the combination of three such diverse techniques provides a very useful methodology for studying electrode processes and electrode surface characteristics in situ.
文摘Narrow-band transmissivities in the spectral range of 150 to 9300 cml and at a uniform resolution of 25 cm-1 were calculated using the statistical narrow-band （SNB） model with the band parameters of Soufiani and Taine, the more recent parameters of Andr6 and Vaillon, and the line-by-line （LBL） method along with the HITEMP-2010 spectroscopic database. Calculations of narrow-band transmissivity were conducted for gas columns of different lengths and containing different isothermal and non-isothermal CO2-H20-N2 mixtures at 1 atm. Narrow-band transmissivities calculated by the SNB model are in large relative error at many bands. The more recent SNB model parameters of Andr6 and Vaillon are more accurate than the earlier parameters of Soufiani and Taine. The Planck mean absorption coefficients of CO2, H20, CO, and CH4 in the temperature range of 300 to 2500K were calculated using the LBL method and different versions of the high resolution transmission （HITRAN） and high-temperature spectroscopic absorption parameters （HITEMP） spectroscopic databases. The SNB model was also used to calculate the Planck mean absorption coefficients of these four radiating gases. The LBL results of the Planck mean absorption coefficient were compared with the classical results of Tien and those from the SNB model.
