A computer program PRETTA “Pressurizer Transient Thermodynamics Analysis” was developed for the prediction of pressurizer under transient conditions. It is based on the solution of the conservation laws of heat and ...A computer program PRETTA “Pressurizer Transient Thermodynamics Analysis” was developed for the prediction of pressurizer under transient conditions. It is based on the solution of the conservation laws of heat and mass applied to the three separate and non equilibrium thermodynamic regions. In the program all of the important thermal-hydraulics phenomena occurring in the pressurizer: stratification of the hot water and incoming cold water, bulk flashing and condensation, wall condensation, and interfacial heat and mass transfer have been considered. The bubble rising and rain-out models are developed to describe bulk flashing and condensation, respectively. To obtain the wall condensation rate, a one-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved by the pivoting method. The presented computer program will predict the pressure-time behavior of a PWR pressurizer during a variety of transients. The results obtained from the proposed mathematical model are in good agreement with available data on the CHASHMA nuclear power plant's pressurizer performance.展开更多
In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the...In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the TP-TR will be applied more widespreadly than ever before. With the technique of TP-TR and electric conductivity, the study is on the reaction mechanism and the adsorption behavior of the reactants and products to the present catalyst Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 in the reaction from ethane through oxydehydrogenation to ethylene as the product. By Range-Kutta-Gill and Margarat methods, the kinetic parameters of the reaction elementary steps (i.e. rate constants, active energies and frequency factors) have been evaluated. The mathematical treatment coincides with the experimental results.展开更多
To address uncertainty as well as transient stability constraints simultaneously in the preventive control of windfarm systems, a novel three-stage optimization strategy is established in this paper. In the first stag...To address uncertainty as well as transient stability constraints simultaneously in the preventive control of windfarm systems, a novel three-stage optimization strategy is established in this paper. In the first stage, the probabilisticmulti-objective particle swarm optimization based on the point estimate method is employed to cope with thestochastic factors. The transient security region of the system is accurately ensured by the interior point methodin the second stage. Finally, the verification of the final optimal objectives and satisfied constraints are enforcedin the last stage. Furthermore, the proposed strategy is a general framework that can combine other optimizationalgorithms. The proposed methodology is tested on the modified WSCC 9-bus system and the New England 39-bussystem. The results verify the feasibility of the method.展开更多
目前,直流微电网在全球范围内快速发展,开展充分的稳定性分析工作是其稳定运行的前提。伴随着大量电力电子装置的接入,相较于传统电网,直流微电网系统等效惯性不足,在经历电网故障、电压暂降或恒功率负载接入接出等大扰动场景后,其状态...目前,直流微电网在全球范围内快速发展,开展充分的稳定性分析工作是其稳定运行的前提。伴随着大量电力电子装置的接入,相较于传统电网,直流微电网系统等效惯性不足,在经历电网故障、电压暂降或恒功率负载接入接出等大扰动场景后,其状态变量易发生大范围变化,暂态稳定性问题突出。Lyapunov方法是分析暂态稳定性问题的常用方法,但在直流微电网领域中缺少指导构建Lyapunov函数的通用策略,很难直接进行应用。此外,为了提高稳定性,亟待开展以提升暂态稳定性为导向的控制参数优化设计研究。针对以上问题,针对直流微电网系统,考虑DC-DC变换器控制环路,基于平方和(sum of squares,SOS)规划方法开展暂态稳定域估计与参数优化研究,首先,通过设计SOS优化问题,改进传统拓展内部算法求解并获得最大化Lyapunov函数水平集实现对系统稳定域的估计,通过与系统实际稳定域进行对比,验证了所提方法的准确性,与其他现有方法估计的稳定域相比,所提方法保守性大幅降低。随后,基于SOS规划,以拓展稳定域为目标,对电压控制环路参数进行优化。最后,硬件在环仿真实验结果表明,采用优化控制参数后,直流微电网系统稳定域得到扩展,抗扰动能力有效提升,暂态稳定性进一步增强。展开更多
文摘A computer program PRETTA “Pressurizer Transient Thermodynamics Analysis” was developed for the prediction of pressurizer under transient conditions. It is based on the solution of the conservation laws of heat and mass applied to the three separate and non equilibrium thermodynamic regions. In the program all of the important thermal-hydraulics phenomena occurring in the pressurizer: stratification of the hot water and incoming cold water, bulk flashing and condensation, wall condensation, and interfacial heat and mass transfer have been considered. The bubble rising and rain-out models are developed to describe bulk flashing and condensation, respectively. To obtain the wall condensation rate, a one-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved by the pivoting method. The presented computer program will predict the pressure-time behavior of a PWR pressurizer during a variety of transients. The results obtained from the proposed mathematical model are in good agreement with available data on the CHASHMA nuclear power plant's pressurizer performance.
文摘In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the TP-TR will be applied more widespreadly than ever before. With the technique of TP-TR and electric conductivity, the study is on the reaction mechanism and the adsorption behavior of the reactants and products to the present catalyst Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 in the reaction from ethane through oxydehydrogenation to ethylene as the product. By Range-Kutta-Gill and Margarat methods, the kinetic parameters of the reaction elementary steps (i.e. rate constants, active energies and frequency factors) have been evaluated. The mathematical treatment coincides with the experimental results.
文摘To address uncertainty as well as transient stability constraints simultaneously in the preventive control of windfarm systems, a novel three-stage optimization strategy is established in this paper. In the first stage, the probabilisticmulti-objective particle swarm optimization based on the point estimate method is employed to cope with thestochastic factors. The transient security region of the system is accurately ensured by the interior point methodin the second stage. Finally, the verification of the final optimal objectives and satisfied constraints are enforcedin the last stage. Furthermore, the proposed strategy is a general framework that can combine other optimizationalgorithms. The proposed methodology is tested on the modified WSCC 9-bus system and the New England 39-bussystem. The results verify the feasibility of the method.
文摘目前,直流微电网在全球范围内快速发展,开展充分的稳定性分析工作是其稳定运行的前提。伴随着大量电力电子装置的接入,相较于传统电网,直流微电网系统等效惯性不足,在经历电网故障、电压暂降或恒功率负载接入接出等大扰动场景后,其状态变量易发生大范围变化,暂态稳定性问题突出。Lyapunov方法是分析暂态稳定性问题的常用方法,但在直流微电网领域中缺少指导构建Lyapunov函数的通用策略,很难直接进行应用。此外,为了提高稳定性,亟待开展以提升暂态稳定性为导向的控制参数优化设计研究。针对以上问题,针对直流微电网系统,考虑DC-DC变换器控制环路,基于平方和(sum of squares,SOS)规划方法开展暂态稳定域估计与参数优化研究,首先,通过设计SOS优化问题,改进传统拓展内部算法求解并获得最大化Lyapunov函数水平集实现对系统稳定域的估计,通过与系统实际稳定域进行对比,验证了所提方法的准确性,与其他现有方法估计的稳定域相比,所提方法保守性大幅降低。随后,基于SOS规划,以拓展稳定域为目标,对电压控制环路参数进行优化。最后,硬件在环仿真实验结果表明,采用优化控制参数后,直流微电网系统稳定域得到扩展,抗扰动能力有效提升,暂态稳定性进一步增强。
