In recent years,various transformable nanoparticles（NPs）were successfully prepared and widely utilized for biomedical applications.The sizes,surface charges or morphologies of transformable NPs would affect their be...In recent years,various transformable nanoparticles（NPs）were successfully prepared and widely utilized for biomedical applications.The sizes,surface charges or morphologies of transformable NPs would affect their behavior in physiological/pathological conditions including circulation,penetration,accumulation and retention etc.The other way round,the NPs could be precisely modulated in the specific physiological/pathological condition for precision theranostics of diseases.Herein,we summarized recent advances of transformable NPs for disease diagnostics and therapy.In this review,the transformation of NPs was divided into three groups including changes in size,surface charge and morphology,which was induced by internal stimuli,such as p H,enzyme,receptor or external stimuli,such as light,temperature etc.Moreover,we focused on the characterization of structural transformation in vivo,as well as the transformation-induced biological effects for theranostics of disease.展开更多
Induction of tumor cell senescence has become a promising strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy,but fibrotic matrix severely blocks senescence inducers penetration and immune cells infiltration.Herein,we designed a ca...Induction of tumor cell senescence has become a promising strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy,but fibrotic matrix severely blocks senescence inducers penetration and immune cells infiltration.Herein,we designed a cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)triggered structure-transformable nano-assembly(HSD-P@V),which can directionally deliver valsartan(Val,CAFs regulator)and doxorubicin(DOX,senescence inducer)to the specific targets.In detail,DOX is conjugated with hyaluronic acid(HA)via diselenide bonds(Se-Se)to form HSD micelles,while CAFs-sensitive peptide is grafted onto the HSD to form a hydrophilic polymer,which is coated on Val nanocrystals(VNs)surface for improving the stability and achieving responsive release.Once arriving at tumor microenvironment and touching CAFs,HSD-P@V disintegrates into VNs and HSD micelles due to sensitive peptide detachment.VNs can degrade the extracellularmatrix,leading to the enhanced penetration of HSD.HSD targets tumor cells,releases DOX to induce senescence,and recruits effector immune cells.Furthermore,senescent cells are cleared by the recruited immune cells to finish the integrated anti-tumor therapy.In vitro and in vivo results show that the nanoassembly remarkably inhibits tumor growth as well as lungmetastasis,and extends tumorbearing mice survival.This work provides a promising paradigm of programmed delivering multi-site nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environ...The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environmental conditions and meet different functions. This can help in reducing environmental waste and pollution associated with many buildings and above all can save on cost and time. Natural systems have inspired human being, since they began to build and design. Architects and designers have utilized nature as one of the main resources of information for the creation of innovative architectural spaces. One of the unique features of natural structures is the way that their components open and close in order to respond to a particular requirement or the environmental changes. This aspect has inspired many designers for the development of transformable architectural structures that can change their shape and geometry to be able to adapt with specific conditions. To make a way toward the design of transformable structure for temporary applications, the authors have developed a new type of adaptable structures according to natural forms. The proposed design applies the transformation principles that exist in potato＇s flower and the movement mechanisms used in a spider＇s leg. The design is able to fit to different topographies and have a potential to be folded to a very compact state in a very short period of time. The detailed design and the different configurations of the system applications will be presented in this paper. The result of the study shows that using modular triangular plates can create a changeable module that is not only able to respond to different functions and environmental changes but it is also able to shape different configuration to be able to respond to different user＇s ambitions. The compactability of this structure into 1/3 of its base dimensions; makes its transportation fast and with minimum costs. These capabilities make this structure suitable for temporary buildings such as exhibitions, temporary settlements or hospital in damaged areas.展开更多
Transformable architecture is totally linked to the study and knowledge of geometry.There are some materials in nature,whose geometric invariants establish equivalent structural behavior regarding the scalar transform...Transformable architecture is totally linked to the study and knowledge of geometry.There are some materials in nature,whose geometric invariants establish equivalent structural behavior regarding the scalar transformations,developing different spatial typologies according to dimensional variation.Auxetic materials are characterized by their negative Poisson’s ratio.They can change their geometric configuration from a line to a surface,and from a surface to a volume or spatial framework.This paper is based on establishing and comparing those stellated reentrant auxetic geometries to be able to build new spaces defined by their capacity for architectural transformation,studying analytically geometric properties of stellated reentrant auxetic structures that,from the molecular to the macroscopic level,can be part of the architecture construction.In this investigation,a comparative study by means of CAD of stellated reentrant auxetic patterns has been realized.A Computer-Aided Design study of stellated reentrant auxetic structures will be realized to use them in architecture.The geometric behavior of the different stellated reentrant auxetic patterns is analyzed from the developed study to generate a systematic comparison,evaluating properties of these forms,such as their maximum achievable area reductions in relation to the total length of bars of the structure,in order to obtain a growth factor.展开更多
The structural change-mediated catalytic activity regulation plays a significant role in the biological functions of natural enzymes.However,there is virtually no artificial nanozyme reported that can achieve natural ...The structural change-mediated catalytic activity regulation plays a significant role in the biological functions of natural enzymes.However,there is virtually no artificial nanozyme reported that can achieve natural enzyme-like stringent spatiotemporal structure-based catalytic activity regulation.Here,we report a subnanostructural transformable gold@ceria(STGC-PEG)nanozyme that performs tunable catalytic activities via near-infrared(NIR)light-mediated sub-nanostructural transformation.The gold core in STGC-PEG can generate energetic hot electrons upon NIR irradiation,wherein an internal sub-nanostructural transformation is initiated by the conversion between CeO;and electron-rich state of CeO;-x,and active oxygen vacancies generation via the hot-electron injection.Interestingly,the sub-nanostructural transformation of STGC-PEG enhances peroxidase-like activity and unprecedentedly activates plasmon-promoted oxidase-like activity,allowing highly efficient low-power NIR light(50 m W cm;)-activated photocatalytic therapy of tumors.Our atomic-level design and fabrication provide a platform to precisely regulate the catalytic activities of nanozymes via a light-mediated sub-nanostructural transformation,approaching natural enzyme-like activity control in complex living systems.展开更多
Developing bulk metallic glass composites(BMGCs)with high toughness is vital for their practical application.However,the influence of different microstructures on the impact toughness of BMGCs is still unclear.The eff...Developing bulk metallic glass composites(BMGCs)with high toughness is vital for their practical application.However,the influence of different microstructures on the impact toughness of BMGCs is still unclear.The effects of Al addition and cryogenic cyclic treatment(CCT)on the Charpy impact toughness,a K,at 298 and 77 K of a series of phase-transformable BMGCs are investigated in this work.It is found that deformation-induced martensitic transformation(DIMT)of theβ-Ti dendrites is the dominant toughening mechanism in the phase-transformable BMGCs at 298 K,but at 77 K,the toughness of BMGCs is primarily determined by the intrinsic toughness of the glass matrix.The addition of Al can moderately tune theβ-Ti phase stability,which then affects the amount of DIMT and impact toughness of the BMGCs at 298 K.However,at 77 K,Al addition causes a monotonic decrease in the toughness of the BMGCs due to the embrittlement of the glass matrix.It is found that CCT can effectively rejuvenate the phase-transformable BMGCs,which results in an enhanced impact toughness at 298 K.However,the toughness at 77 K monotonously decreases with increasing the number of CCT cycles,suggesting that the rejuvenation of the glass matrix affects the toughness at both 298 and 77 K of BMGCs,but in dramatically different ways.These findings reveal the influence of microstructures and CCT on the impact toughness of BMGCs and provide insights that could be useful for designing tougher BMGs and BMGCs.展开更多
The introduction of alleles into commercial crop breeding pipelines is both time consuming and costly.Two technologies that are disrupting traditional breeding processes are doubled haploid(DH)breeding and genome edit...The introduction of alleles into commercial crop breeding pipelines is both time consuming and costly.Two technologies that are disrupting traditional breeding processes are doubled haploid(DH)breeding and genome editing(GE).Recently,these techniques were combined into a GE trait delivery system called HI-Edit(Haploid Inducer-Edit).In HI-Edit,the pollen of a haploid inducer line is reprogrammed to deliver GE traits to any variety,obviating recurrent selection.For HI-Edit to operate at scale,an efficient transformable HI line is needed,but most maize varieties are recalcitrant to transformation,and haploid inducers are especially difficult to transform given their aberrant reproductive behaviors.Leveraging marker assisted selection and a three-tiered testing scheme,we report the development of new Iodent and Stiff Stalk maize germplasm that are transformable,have high haploid induction rates,and exhibit a robust,genetically-dominant anthocyanin native trait that may be used for rapid haploid identification.We show that transformation of these elite‘‘HI-Edit”lines is enhanced using the BABYBOOM and WUSCHEL morphogenetic factors.Finally,we evaluate the HI-Edit performance of one of the lines against both Stiff Stalk and non-Stiff Stalk testers.The strategy and results of this study should facilitate the development of commercially scalable HI-Edit systems in diverse crops.展开更多
Water,salt solution,and many conventional organic solvents exhibit melting temperatures nearly or well below zero degree,and functional phase change composites based on these components will be useful in energy and en...Water,salt solution,and many conventional organic solvents exhibit melting temperatures nearly or well below zero degree,and functional phase change composites based on these components will be useful in energy and environmental areas.Here,we report the design and fabrication of a series of composite hydrogels and organogels consisting of water,NaCl/water eutectic solution,n-undecane,and n-heptanol held by a built-in carbon nanotube(CNT)-polymer skeleton,respectively.We adopt an initially uniform yet transformable CNT network to mix with gel precursors and obtain densified CNT-reinforced pore walls by in situgelation.These composite gels realized solid-liquid phase transition in temperatures ranging from−10 to−36℃,with reduced supercooling,large enthalpy(120 to 200 J/g),enhanced structural stability and anti-leakage property,and the effects of CNTs on thermal and mechanical properties are investigated systematically.We demonstrate that by wrapping the composite gels around pipe models with cold liquid flow,the temperature increase process could be substantially prolonged,owing to efficient latent heat release during phase change.Our CNT-reinforced hydrogels and organogels,made by a general,facile approach,have many potential applications as cold energy storage and transformation media in liquefied natural gas industry,food,and biomedical fields.展开更多
Cancer vaccines mount specific immune memory responses and hold great potential in suppressing postoperative colorectal cancer(CRC)recurrence.However,undesired lymph node trafficking and antigen cross-presentation ham...Cancer vaccines mount specific immune memory responses and hold great potential in suppressing postoperative colorectal cancer(CRC)recurrence.However,undesired lymph node trafficking and antigen cross-presentation hamper clinical translation of nanovaccines.Here,we propose a controllable transformable nanovaccine grounded on thermal fusion feature of liquid metal(LM)nanoparticles against postoperative CRC recurrence.After draining to lymph nodes,LM-based nanovaccines(LMVs)aggregate and transform from spheres to fusiform sharp under NIR irradiation,conducive to cytoplasmic delivery of LMVs and subsequent antigen crosspresentation.Benefitting from the morphology transformation,LMVs prolong the retention of loaded vaccine molecules in lymph nodes,resulting in satisfactory dendritic cell(DC)recognition and maturation.Such dual effects of transformable LMVs efficiently activate DCs and cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells,mediating strong systemic immune responses against local recurrence.Moreover,the transformable LMVs can induce potent specific im-mune memory,which is pivotal for eradicating metachronous liver and lung metastasis.This study provides a newly NIR light-regulated postoperative CRC prevention approach.展开更多
在新型电力系统复杂工况下,以策略表为主体、通过“离线仿真、在线匹配”的预案式频率稳定控制方案存在较高失配风险,甚至因调控失当引发二次冲击,严重威胁电力系统的安全稳定运行。提出一种计及预案式失配冲击的响应驱动频率稳定紧急...在新型电力系统复杂工况下,以策略表为主体、通过“离线仿真、在线匹配”的预案式频率稳定控制方案存在较高失配风险,甚至因调控失当引发二次冲击,严重威胁电力系统的安全稳定运行。提出一种计及预案式失配冲击的响应驱动频率稳定紧急切负荷策略。该策略动作在预案式控制之后,是对预案式控制的有益补充,能够有效提升系统频率稳定性。首先建立了基于系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型辨识的频率稳定切负荷量计算方法。提出了基于频率稀疏量测的SFR模型辨识方法,在此基础上建立了含稳定控制的SFR模型,根据频率稳定控制目标迭代求解切负荷量。其次,建立了基于Transformer网络的频率控制敏感点挖掘模型,通过分析关键发电机母线节点频率时序值和频率控制敏感点的映射关系,实现响应驱动的频率控制敏感点在线挖掘。最后,按照敏感点排序快速分配控制措施总量,构建频率稳定紧急控制方案。在某实际交直流混联万节点仿真系统验证了所提方法的有效性。展开更多
针对地图综合中建筑多边形化简方法依赖人工规则、自动化程度低且难以利用已有化简成果的问题,本文提出了一种基于Transformer机制的建筑多边形化简模型。该模型首先把建筑多边形映射至一定范围的网格空间,将建筑多边形的坐标串表达为...针对地图综合中建筑多边形化简方法依赖人工规则、自动化程度低且难以利用已有化简成果的问题,本文提出了一种基于Transformer机制的建筑多边形化简模型。该模型首先把建筑多边形映射至一定范围的网格空间,将建筑多边形的坐标串表达为网格序列,从而获取建筑多边形化简前后的Token序列,构建出建筑多边形化简样本对数据;随后采用Transformer架构建立模型,基于样本数据利用模型的掩码自注意力机制学习点序列之间的依赖关系,最终逐点生成新的简化多边形,从而实现建筑多边形的化简。在训练过程中,模型使用结构化的样本数据,设计了忽略特定索引的交叉熵损失函数以提升化简质量。试验设计包括主试验与泛化验证两部分。主试验基于洛杉矶1∶2000建筑数据集,分别采用0.2、0.3和0.5 mm 3种网格尺寸对多边形进行编码,实现了目标比例尺为1∶5000与1∶10000的化简。试验结果表明,在0.3 mm的网格尺寸下模型性能最优,验证集上的化简结果与人工标注的一致率超过92.0%,且针对北京部分区域的建筑多边形数据的泛化试验验证了模型的迁移能力;与LSTM模型的对比分析显示,在参数规模相近的条件下,LSTM模型无法形成有效收敛,并生成可用结果。本文证实了Transformer在处理空间几何序列任务中的潜力,且能够有效复用已有化简样本,为智能建筑多边形化简提供了具有工程实用价值的途径。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51573031,21373726,21303723,21603028 and 21573036)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11621505)+1 种基金CAS Key Research Program for Frontier Sciences(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH022)Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Cooperation with Foreign Enterprises(No.GJHZ1541)
文摘In recent years,various transformable nanoparticles（NPs）were successfully prepared and widely utilized for biomedical applications.The sizes,surface charges or morphologies of transformable NPs would affect their behavior in physiological/pathological conditions including circulation,penetration,accumulation and retention etc.The other way round,the NPs could be precisely modulated in the specific physiological/pathological condition for precision theranostics of diseases.Herein,we summarized recent advances of transformable NPs for disease diagnostics and therapy.In this review,the transformation of NPs was divided into three groups including changes in size,surface charge and morphology,which was induced by internal stimuli,such as p H,enzyme,receptor or external stimuli,such as light,temperature etc.Moreover,we focused on the characterization of structural transformation in vivo,as well as the transformation-induced biological effects for theranostics of disease.
基金was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972893,82172719)Natural Science Foundation of Henan(212300410071)Training program for young key teachers in Henan Province(2020GGJS019).
文摘Induction of tumor cell senescence has become a promising strategy for anti-tumor immunotherapy,but fibrotic matrix severely blocks senescence inducers penetration and immune cells infiltration.Herein,we designed a cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)triggered structure-transformable nano-assembly(HSD-P@V),which can directionally deliver valsartan(Val,CAFs regulator)and doxorubicin(DOX,senescence inducer)to the specific targets.In detail,DOX is conjugated with hyaluronic acid(HA)via diselenide bonds(Se-Se)to form HSD micelles,while CAFs-sensitive peptide is grafted onto the HSD to form a hydrophilic polymer,which is coated on Val nanocrystals(VNs)surface for improving the stability and achieving responsive release.Once arriving at tumor microenvironment and touching CAFs,HSD-P@V disintegrates into VNs and HSD micelles due to sensitive peptide detachment.VNs can degrade the extracellularmatrix,leading to the enhanced penetration of HSD.HSD targets tumor cells,releases DOX to induce senescence,and recruits effector immune cells.Furthermore,senescent cells are cleared by the recruited immune cells to finish the integrated anti-tumor therapy.In vitro and in vivo results show that the nanoassembly remarkably inhibits tumor growth as well as lungmetastasis,and extends tumorbearing mice survival.This work provides a promising paradigm of programmed delivering multi-site nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy.
文摘The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environmental conditions and meet different functions. This can help in reducing environmental waste and pollution associated with many buildings and above all can save on cost and time. Natural systems have inspired human being, since they began to build and design. Architects and designers have utilized nature as one of the main resources of information for the creation of innovative architectural spaces. One of the unique features of natural structures is the way that their components open and close in order to respond to a particular requirement or the environmental changes. This aspect has inspired many designers for the development of transformable architectural structures that can change their shape and geometry to be able to adapt with specific conditions. To make a way toward the design of transformable structure for temporary applications, the authors have developed a new type of adaptable structures according to natural forms. The proposed design applies the transformation principles that exist in potato＇s flower and the movement mechanisms used in a spider＇s leg. The design is able to fit to different topographies and have a potential to be folded to a very compact state in a very short period of time. The detailed design and the different configurations of the system applications will be presented in this paper. The result of the study shows that using modular triangular plates can create a changeable module that is not only able to respond to different functions and environmental changes but it is also able to shape different configuration to be able to respond to different user＇s ambitions. The compactability of this structure into 1/3 of its base dimensions; makes its transportation fast and with minimum costs. These capabilities make this structure suitable for temporary buildings such as exhibitions, temporary settlements or hospital in damaged areas.
文摘Transformable architecture is totally linked to the study and knowledge of geometry.There are some materials in nature,whose geometric invariants establish equivalent structural behavior regarding the scalar transformations,developing different spatial typologies according to dimensional variation.Auxetic materials are characterized by their negative Poisson’s ratio.They can change their geometric configuration from a line to a surface,and from a surface to a volume or spatial framework.This paper is based on establishing and comparing those stellated reentrant auxetic geometries to be able to build new spaces defined by their capacity for architectural transformation,studying analytically geometric properties of stellated reentrant auxetic structures that,from the molecular to the macroscopic level,can be part of the architecture construction.In this investigation,a comparative study by means of CAD of stellated reentrant auxetic patterns has been realized.A Computer-Aided Design study of stellated reentrant auxetic structures will be realized to use them in architecture.The geometric behavior of the different stellated reentrant auxetic patterns is analyzed from the developed study to generate a systematic comparison,evaluating properties of these forms,such as their maximum achievable area reductions in relation to the total length of bars of the structure,in order to obtain a growth factor.
基金We acknowledge financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071374,32000985,81761148029,81620108028)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader under the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(21XD1422100)+3 种基金Leading Talent of“Ten Thousand Plan”-National High-Level Talents Special Support Plan,One Belt and One Road International Cooperation Project from Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2019C04024)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR22C100001,LGF19C100002,LQ21H300003)Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science Research Project(2021KY666),and Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Association(2019ZYY12)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘The structural change-mediated catalytic activity regulation plays a significant role in the biological functions of natural enzymes.However,there is virtually no artificial nanozyme reported that can achieve natural enzyme-like stringent spatiotemporal structure-based catalytic activity regulation.Here,we report a subnanostructural transformable gold@ceria(STGC-PEG)nanozyme that performs tunable catalytic activities via near-infrared(NIR)light-mediated sub-nanostructural transformation.The gold core in STGC-PEG can generate energetic hot electrons upon NIR irradiation,wherein an internal sub-nanostructural transformation is initiated by the conversion between CeO;and electron-rich state of CeO;-x,and active oxygen vacancies generation via the hot-electron injection.Interestingly,the sub-nanostructural transformation of STGC-PEG enhances peroxidase-like activity and unprecedentedly activates plasmon-promoted oxidase-like activity,allowing highly efficient low-power NIR light(50 m W cm;)-activated photocatalytic therapy of tumors.Our atomic-level design and fabrication provide a platform to precisely regulate the catalytic activities of nanozymes via a light-mediated sub-nanostructural transformation,approaching natural enzyme-like activity control in complex living systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171164 and 51790484)National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact(WDZC2022-13)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0716303)Start-up research grant(No.SRG/2020/000095)of Science and Engineering Research Board,DST,GoI.A∗STAR,Singapore via the Structural Metals and Alloys Program(No.A18B1b0061)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-009)the China Manned Space Engineering,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-JSC023)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021188).
文摘Developing bulk metallic glass composites(BMGCs)with high toughness is vital for their practical application.However,the influence of different microstructures on the impact toughness of BMGCs is still unclear.The effects of Al addition and cryogenic cyclic treatment(CCT)on the Charpy impact toughness,a K,at 298 and 77 K of a series of phase-transformable BMGCs are investigated in this work.It is found that deformation-induced martensitic transformation(DIMT)of theβ-Ti dendrites is the dominant toughening mechanism in the phase-transformable BMGCs at 298 K,but at 77 K,the toughness of BMGCs is primarily determined by the intrinsic toughness of the glass matrix.The addition of Al can moderately tune theβ-Ti phase stability,which then affects the amount of DIMT and impact toughness of the BMGCs at 298 K.However,at 77 K,Al addition causes a monotonic decrease in the toughness of the BMGCs due to the embrittlement of the glass matrix.It is found that CCT can effectively rejuvenate the phase-transformable BMGCs,which results in an enhanced impact toughness at 298 K.However,the toughness at 77 K monotonously decreases with increasing the number of CCT cycles,suggesting that the rejuvenation of the glass matrix affects the toughness at both 298 and 77 K of BMGCs,but in dramatically different ways.These findings reveal the influence of microstructures and CCT on the impact toughness of BMGCs and provide insights that could be useful for designing tougher BMGs and BMGCs.
文摘The introduction of alleles into commercial crop breeding pipelines is both time consuming and costly.Two technologies that are disrupting traditional breeding processes are doubled haploid(DH)breeding and genome editing(GE).Recently,these techniques were combined into a GE trait delivery system called HI-Edit(Haploid Inducer-Edit).In HI-Edit,the pollen of a haploid inducer line is reprogrammed to deliver GE traits to any variety,obviating recurrent selection.For HI-Edit to operate at scale,an efficient transformable HI line is needed,but most maize varieties are recalcitrant to transformation,and haploid inducers are especially difficult to transform given their aberrant reproductive behaviors.Leveraging marker assisted selection and a three-tiered testing scheme,we report the development of new Iodent and Stiff Stalk maize germplasm that are transformable,have high haploid induction rates,and exhibit a robust,genetically-dominant anthocyanin native trait that may be used for rapid haploid identification.We show that transformation of these elite‘‘HI-Edit”lines is enhanced using the BABYBOOM and WUSCHEL morphogenetic factors.Finally,we evaluate the HI-Edit performance of one of the lines against both Stiff Stalk and non-Stiff Stalk testers.The strategy and results of this study should facilitate the development of commercially scalable HI-Edit systems in diverse crops.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472084).
文摘Water,salt solution,and many conventional organic solvents exhibit melting temperatures nearly or well below zero degree,and functional phase change composites based on these components will be useful in energy and environmental areas.Here,we report the design and fabrication of a series of composite hydrogels and organogels consisting of water,NaCl/water eutectic solution,n-undecane,and n-heptanol held by a built-in carbon nanotube(CNT)-polymer skeleton,respectively.We adopt an initially uniform yet transformable CNT network to mix with gel precursors and obtain densified CNT-reinforced pore walls by in situgelation.These composite gels realized solid-liquid phase transition in temperatures ranging from−10 to−36℃,with reduced supercooling,large enthalpy(120 to 200 J/g),enhanced structural stability and anti-leakage property,and the effects of CNTs on thermal and mechanical properties are investigated systematically.We demonstrate that by wrapping the composite gels around pipe models with cold liquid flow,the temperature increase process could be substantially prolonged,owing to efficient latent heat release during phase change.Our CNT-reinforced hydrogels and organogels,made by a general,facile approach,have many potential applications as cold energy storage and transformation media in liquefied natural gas industry,food,and biomedical fields.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2408100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974382,82173315,82272277,82072167,82402464)+5 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Hubei Province(2022BCA013)Interdisciplinary Research Program of HUST(2023JCYJ024)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0509904,2023ZD0509900)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2022CFB083,2025AFB146)Hubei Province Science and Technology Innovation Team Project([2022]No.11)Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multidisciplinary Translational Research(2022zsyx005,2024zsyx11).
文摘Cancer vaccines mount specific immune memory responses and hold great potential in suppressing postoperative colorectal cancer(CRC)recurrence.However,undesired lymph node trafficking and antigen cross-presentation hamper clinical translation of nanovaccines.Here,we propose a controllable transformable nanovaccine grounded on thermal fusion feature of liquid metal(LM)nanoparticles against postoperative CRC recurrence.After draining to lymph nodes,LM-based nanovaccines(LMVs)aggregate and transform from spheres to fusiform sharp under NIR irradiation,conducive to cytoplasmic delivery of LMVs and subsequent antigen crosspresentation.Benefitting from the morphology transformation,LMVs prolong the retention of loaded vaccine molecules in lymph nodes,resulting in satisfactory dendritic cell(DC)recognition and maturation.Such dual effects of transformable LMVs efficiently activate DCs and cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells,mediating strong systemic immune responses against local recurrence.Moreover,the transformable LMVs can induce potent specific im-mune memory,which is pivotal for eradicating metachronous liver and lung metastasis.This study provides a newly NIR light-regulated postoperative CRC prevention approach.
文摘在新型电力系统复杂工况下,以策略表为主体、通过“离线仿真、在线匹配”的预案式频率稳定控制方案存在较高失配风险,甚至因调控失当引发二次冲击,严重威胁电力系统的安全稳定运行。提出一种计及预案式失配冲击的响应驱动频率稳定紧急切负荷策略。该策略动作在预案式控制之后,是对预案式控制的有益补充,能够有效提升系统频率稳定性。首先建立了基于系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型辨识的频率稳定切负荷量计算方法。提出了基于频率稀疏量测的SFR模型辨识方法,在此基础上建立了含稳定控制的SFR模型,根据频率稳定控制目标迭代求解切负荷量。其次,建立了基于Transformer网络的频率控制敏感点挖掘模型,通过分析关键发电机母线节点频率时序值和频率控制敏感点的映射关系,实现响应驱动的频率控制敏感点在线挖掘。最后,按照敏感点排序快速分配控制措施总量,构建频率稳定紧急控制方案。在某实际交直流混联万节点仿真系统验证了所提方法的有效性。
文摘针对地图综合中建筑多边形化简方法依赖人工规则、自动化程度低且难以利用已有化简成果的问题,本文提出了一种基于Transformer机制的建筑多边形化简模型。该模型首先把建筑多边形映射至一定范围的网格空间,将建筑多边形的坐标串表达为网格序列,从而获取建筑多边形化简前后的Token序列,构建出建筑多边形化简样本对数据;随后采用Transformer架构建立模型,基于样本数据利用模型的掩码自注意力机制学习点序列之间的依赖关系,最终逐点生成新的简化多边形,从而实现建筑多边形的化简。在训练过程中,模型使用结构化的样本数据,设计了忽略特定索引的交叉熵损失函数以提升化简质量。试验设计包括主试验与泛化验证两部分。主试验基于洛杉矶1∶2000建筑数据集,分别采用0.2、0.3和0.5 mm 3种网格尺寸对多边形进行编码,实现了目标比例尺为1∶5000与1∶10000的化简。试验结果表明,在0.3 mm的网格尺寸下模型性能最优,验证集上的化简结果与人工标注的一致率超过92.0%,且针对北京部分区域的建筑多边形数据的泛化试验验证了模型的迁移能力;与LSTM模型的对比分析显示,在参数规模相近的条件下,LSTM模型无法形成有效收敛,并生成可用结果。本文证实了Transformer在处理空间几何序列任务中的潜力,且能够有效复用已有化简样本,为智能建筑多边形化简提供了具有工程实用价值的途径。
