Background:Luliconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug mainly used to treat dermatophytic infections including tinea pedis,tinea cruris,and tinea corporis.Objective:The purpose of this research was to synthesize a tr...Background:Luliconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug mainly used to treat dermatophytic infections including tinea pedis,tinea cruris,and tinea corporis.Objective:The purpose of this research was to synthesize a transferosomal gel incorporating luliconazole for external applications.Materials and methods:The preparation method employed thin film hydration to prepare transferosomes loaded with luliconazole with lecithin and tween 80 at different concentrations.The transferosomes formed were characterized in terms of particle size and entrapment efficiency.Finally,the prepared transferosomes were applied in a carbopol gel base and characterized for drug content,pH,spreadability,viscosity,in vitro release profile,and antifungal studies.Results:The synthesized luliconazole transferosomes had high entrapment efficiency of 74.45%,and 92.75%,with particle size ranging between 60 and 200 nm.The shape of the transferosomes was established using scanning electron microscopy;the results depicted spherical-shaped vesicles.The in vitro release study also suggested that the entrapment efficiency influences in vitro release where there is a negative relationship between the two.The gel formulation revealed a good antifungal effect.Conclusion:The luliconazole transferosomal gel exhibited a sustained release profile of the drug and thus may lessen the number of applications required,thereby enhancing patient compliance.展开更多
Vesicular systems are a novel means of drug delivery that can enhance bioavailability of encapsulated drug and provide therapeutic activity in a controlled manner for a prolonged period of time.Liposomes were the firs...Vesicular systems are a novel means of drug delivery that can enhance bioavailability of encapsulated drug and provide therapeutic activity in a controlled manner for a prolonged period of time.Liposomes were the first such system but they suffer from a number of drawbacks including high cost and lack of stability at various pHs.Niosomes are a nonionic surfactant vesicular system,which can be easily and reliably made in the laboratory.Many factors affect noisome formation such as the method of manufacture,nature of surfactant and encapsulated drug,temperature at which the lipids are hydrated and the critical packing parameter.This review describes all aspects of niosomes including their different compositions,the various methods of preparation,the effect of changing manufacturing parameters,methods of characterization,factors that affect their stability,their use by various routes of administration,their therapeutic applications and the most important patents.The review also provides detailed information of the various types of niosomes that provide effective drug delivery.展开更多
The aim of the present study is the formulation of mefenamic acid ethosomal gel by hot and cold methods.To prepare the mefenamic acid transdermal gel,ethosomes was selected as colloidal carriers.Ethosomes were prepare...The aim of the present study is the formulation of mefenamic acid ethosomal gel by hot and cold methods.To prepare the mefenamic acid transdermal gel,ethosomes was selected as colloidal carriers.Ethosomes were prepared by cold and hot methods.The obtained ethosomes were characterized with vesicular diameter,zeta potential,drug content,entrapment efficiency and in-vitro diffusion studies.The five formulations of ethosomes prepared by cold and hot methods were compared.Among the 10 formulations of ethosomes,E5 was considered as the best formulation because of its mean vesicular diameter of 854 nm,zeta potential of 20 mV,drug content of 96.3%,entrapment efficiency of 94.4%,sustained drug release for 12 hr,i.e.94.4.Then the E5 formulations was incorporated into gel.A comparative study was made between the plain gel and the ethosomal gel.The Ethosomal gel was considered the best because of its highest drug content spreadability,pH(6.9)and the sustained drug release profile for 12 hr.By comparison,the cold method shows better results.展开更多
The global burden of cancer, a progressive disease with complex etiology, continues to rise. With an estimated 1.5 million new diagnoses each year, including nearly 350 000 cases of highly aggressive melanoma, the nee...The global burden of cancer, a progressive disease with complex etiology, continues to rise. With an estimated 1.5 million new diagnoses each year, including nearly 350 000 cases of highly aggressive melanoma, the need for improved therapeutic strategies is paramount. The World Health Organization(WHO) and the International Labour Organization have established a clear link between occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation(UVR) and increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC). While age, skin tone, and cumulative UVR exposure are recognized risk factors, current treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and surgery, often exhibit limited efficacy and significant side effects. This underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches that enable targeted drug delivery, enhanced tumor penetration, and reduced systemic toxicity. Transferosomes-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising avenue for achieving these goals, with vesicular systems offering a particularly attractive strategy for transdermal skin cancer therapy. This review focuses on transferosomes and transethosomes as such vesicular systems, highlighting recent advances in their application for targeted skin cancer treatment.展开更多
文摘Background:Luliconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug mainly used to treat dermatophytic infections including tinea pedis,tinea cruris,and tinea corporis.Objective:The purpose of this research was to synthesize a transferosomal gel incorporating luliconazole for external applications.Materials and methods:The preparation method employed thin film hydration to prepare transferosomes loaded with luliconazole with lecithin and tween 80 at different concentrations.The transferosomes formed were characterized in terms of particle size and entrapment efficiency.Finally,the prepared transferosomes were applied in a carbopol gel base and characterized for drug content,pH,spreadability,viscosity,in vitro release profile,and antifungal studies.Results:The synthesized luliconazole transferosomes had high entrapment efficiency of 74.45%,and 92.75%,with particle size ranging between 60 and 200 nm.The shape of the transferosomes was established using scanning electron microscopy;the results depicted spherical-shaped vesicles.The in vitro release study also suggested that the entrapment efficiency influences in vitro release where there is a negative relationship between the two.The gel formulation revealed a good antifungal effect.Conclusion:The luliconazole transferosomal gel exhibited a sustained release profile of the drug and thus may lessen the number of applications required,thereby enhancing patient compliance.
文摘Vesicular systems are a novel means of drug delivery that can enhance bioavailability of encapsulated drug and provide therapeutic activity in a controlled manner for a prolonged period of time.Liposomes were the first such system but they suffer from a number of drawbacks including high cost and lack of stability at various pHs.Niosomes are a nonionic surfactant vesicular system,which can be easily and reliably made in the laboratory.Many factors affect noisome formation such as the method of manufacture,nature of surfactant and encapsulated drug,temperature at which the lipids are hydrated and the critical packing parameter.This review describes all aspects of niosomes including their different compositions,the various methods of preparation,the effect of changing manufacturing parameters,methods of characterization,factors that affect their stability,their use by various routes of administration,their therapeutic applications and the most important patents.The review also provides detailed information of the various types of niosomes that provide effective drug delivery.
文摘The aim of the present study is the formulation of mefenamic acid ethosomal gel by hot and cold methods.To prepare the mefenamic acid transdermal gel,ethosomes was selected as colloidal carriers.Ethosomes were prepared by cold and hot methods.The obtained ethosomes were characterized with vesicular diameter,zeta potential,drug content,entrapment efficiency and in-vitro diffusion studies.The five formulations of ethosomes prepared by cold and hot methods were compared.Among the 10 formulations of ethosomes,E5 was considered as the best formulation because of its mean vesicular diameter of 854 nm,zeta potential of 20 mV,drug content of 96.3%,entrapment efficiency of 94.4%,sustained drug release for 12 hr,i.e.94.4.Then the E5 formulations was incorporated into gel.A comparative study was made between the plain gel and the ethosomal gel.The Ethosomal gel was considered the best because of its highest drug content spreadability,pH(6.9)and the sustained drug release profile for 12 hr.By comparison,the cold method shows better results.
文摘The global burden of cancer, a progressive disease with complex etiology, continues to rise. With an estimated 1.5 million new diagnoses each year, including nearly 350 000 cases of highly aggressive melanoma, the need for improved therapeutic strategies is paramount. The World Health Organization(WHO) and the International Labour Organization have established a clear link between occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation(UVR) and increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC). While age, skin tone, and cumulative UVR exposure are recognized risk factors, current treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and surgery, often exhibit limited efficacy and significant side effects. This underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches that enable targeted drug delivery, enhanced tumor penetration, and reduced systemic toxicity. Transferosomes-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising avenue for achieving these goals, with vesicular systems offering a particularly attractive strategy for transdermal skin cancer therapy. This review focuses on transferosomes and transethosomes as such vesicular systems, highlighting recent advances in their application for targeted skin cancer treatment.
