With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This st...With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.展开更多
Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consens...Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consensus that sea transport was far cheaper than land transport.This paper contends that the cost of protecting supply lines-specifically the expenses associated with the warships which escorted the supply ships-rendered the grain transported on the new route exceptionally costly.In this paper,the benefits and drawbacks of a maritime economy,including transaction costs,trade dependencies,and the capabilities of warships and supply ships are discussed.展开更多
Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts ...Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.展开更多
The new edition of the International Production Cost Comparison (IPCC) from ITMF has been published.The report benchmarks manufacturing costs for a range of textile products along the primary textile value chain,disag...The new edition of the International Production Cost Comparison (IPCC) from ITMF has been published.The report benchmarks manufacturing costs for a range of textile products along the primary textile value chain,disaggregated by key cost components at each production stage.展开更多
The ease of accessing a virtually unlimited pool of resources makes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds an ideal platform for running data-intensive workflow applications comprising hundreds of computational tas...The ease of accessing a virtually unlimited pool of resources makes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds an ideal platform for running data-intensive workflow applications comprising hundreds of computational tasks. However, executing scientific workflows in IaaS cloud environments poses significant challenges due to conflicting objectives, such as minimizing execution time (makespan) and reducing resource utilization costs. This study responds to the increasing need for efficient and adaptable optimization solutions in dynamic and complex environments, which are critical for meeting the evolving demands of modern users and applications. This study presents an innovative multi-objective approach for scheduling scientific workflows in IaaS cloud environments. The proposed algorithm, MOS-MWMC, aims to minimize total execution time (makespan) and resource utilization costs by leveraging key features of virtual machine instances, such as a high number of cores and fast local SSD storage. By integrating realistic simulations based on the WRENCH framework, the method effectively dimensions the cloud infrastructure and optimizes resource usage. Experimental results highlight the superiority of MOS-MWMC compared to benchmark algorithms HEFT and Max-Min. The Pareto fronts obtained for the CyberShake, Epigenomics, and Montage workflows demonstrate closer proximity to the optimal front, confirming the algorithm’s ability to balance conflicting objectives. This study contributes to optimizing scientific workflows in complex environments by providing solutions tailored to specific user needs while minimizing costs and execution times.展开更多
P2P trading is driving the decentralization of the electricity market,the autonomy and privacy requirements of prosumers may intro-duce safety risks such as voltage violations.Existing security management methods base...P2P trading is driving the decentralization of the electricity market,the autonomy and privacy requirements of prosumers may intro-duce safety risks such as voltage violations.Existing security management methods based on price guidance may face unsolvable situa-tions in trading scenarios and have difficulty assessing the impact of P2P transactions on voltage security.To this end,this paper proposes a novel distribution system operator(DSO)-prosumers bi-level optimization framework incorporating the dynamic operating envelope(DOE)and risk coefficient-based network usage charge(RC-NUC).In the upper-level,the DOE is employed for dynamic voltage man-agement to prevent violations while the RC-NUC further guides prosumers to engage in grid-friendly transactions.The lower-level decen-tralized market enables prosumers to optimize trading decisions autonomously.Only price signals and energy quantities are exchanged between the two levels,ensuring the privacy of both parties.Additionally,an alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with adaptive penalty factor is introduced to improve computational efficiency.Case studies on a modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed method reduces voltage violation risks by 18.31%and enhances trading efficiency by 32.3%.These results highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach in advancing secure and efficient distributed energy transactions.展开更多
Blockchain platform swith the unique characteristics of anonymity,decentralization,and transparency of their transactions,which are faced with abnormal activities such as money laundering,phishing scams,and fraudulent...Blockchain platform swith the unique characteristics of anonymity,decentralization,and transparency of their transactions,which are faced with abnormal activities such as money laundering,phishing scams,and fraudulent behavior,posing a serious threat to account asset security.For these potential security risks,this paper proposes a hybrid neural network detection method(HNND)that learns multiple types of account features and enhances fusion information among them to effectively detect abnormal transaction behaviors in the blockchain.In HNND,the Temporal Transaction Graph Attention Network(T2GAT)is first designed to learn biased aggregation representation of multi-attribute transactions among nodes,which can capture key temporal information from node neighborhood transactions.Then,the Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)is adopted which captures abstract structural features of the transaction network.Further,the Stacked Denoising Autoencode(SDA)is developed to achieve adaptive fusion of thses features from different modules.Moreover,the SDA enhances robustness and generalization ability of node representation,leading to higher binary classification accuracy in detecting abnormal behaviors of blockchain accounts.Evaluations on a real-world abnormal transaction dataset demonstrate great advantages of the proposed HNND method over other compared methods.展开更多
The global wave of digitalization has accelerated the process of corporate digital transformation,placing higher demands on financial and accounting management.Since then,accounting work has shifted from the tradition...The global wave of digitalization has accelerated the process of corporate digital transformation,placing higher demands on financial and accounting management.Since then,accounting work has shifted from the traditional transactional model to a modern value management-oriented model,leading to a transformation of accounting functions.As corporate managers,they must advance their work proactively,empower the modernization and innovation of financial accounting with digital technology,and transition to management accounting to ensure enterprises keep pace with the times.Therefore,this paper explores the current status of corporate financial and accounting work amid the digital wave,identifies the challenges in the transformation of accounting from transactional to value management-oriented,and finally proposes several feasible and effective improvement strategies,aiming to provide more references for relevant practitioners.展开更多
Low data encryption efficiency and inadequate security are two issues with the current blockchain cross-chain transaction protection schemes.To address these issues,a blockchain cross-chain transaction protection sche...Low data encryption efficiency and inadequate security are two issues with the current blockchain cross-chain transaction protection schemes.To address these issues,a blockchain cross-chain transaction protection scheme based on Fully Homomorphic Encryption(FHE)is proposed.In the proposed scheme,the functional relationship is established by Box-Muller,Discrete Gaussian Distribution Function(DGDF)and Uniform Random Distribution Func-tion(URDF)are used to improve the security and efficiency of key generation.Subsequently,the data preprocessing function is introduced to perform cleaning,deduplication,and normalization operations on the transaction data of multi-key signature,and it is classified into interactive data and asset data,so as to perform different homomorphic operations in the FHE encryption stage.Ultimately,in the FHE encryption stage,homomorphic multiplication and homomorphic addition are used targeted for the interactive data and asset data,thereby reducing the computational complexity and enhancing the FHE encryption efficiency.The significance of the proposed scheme is proved by experimental results:Firstly,the multi-key generation function and its specific sampling method and transformation ensure the security and efficiency of key generation.Data preprocessing can also accelerate the FHE encryption process by eliminating invalid data and redundancy,so the FHE encryption efficiency is significantly improved.Secondly,the FHE encryption method based on discrete logarithm problem enhances the security of transaction data and can effectively resist multiple attacks.In addition,the preprocessed data also has good performance in capacity storage.The proposed scheme has significant impacts on key indicators such as encryption efficiency and security,it provides a new reference for blockchain cross-chain transaction protection technology and has an important impact on the security improvement of various cross-chain transaction data.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates multi-stage feature selection,unsupervised clustering,and ensemble learning to improve classification performance in financial transaction m...This paper proposes a novel hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates multi-stage feature selection,unsupervised clustering,and ensemble learning to improve classification performance in financial transaction monitoring systems.The framework is structured into three core layers:(1)feature selection using Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE),Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and Mutual Information(MI)to reduce dimensionality and enhance input relevance;(2)anomaly detection through unsupervised clustering using K-Means,Density-Based Spatial Clustering(DBSCAN),and Hierarchical Clustering to flag suspicious patterns in unlabeled data;and(3)final classification using a voting-based hybrid ensemble of Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),and Gradient Boosting Classifier(GBC).The experimental evaluation is conducted on a synthetically generated dataset comprising one million financial transactions,with 5% labelled as fraudulent,simulating realistic fraud rates and behavioural features,including transaction time,origin,amount,and geo-location.The proposed model demonstrated a significant improvement over baseline classifiers,achieving an accuracy of 99%,a precision of 99%,a recall of 97%,and an F1-score of 99%.Compared to individual models,it yielded a 9% gain in overall detection accuracy.It reduced the false positive rate to below 3.5%,thereby minimising the operational costs associated with manually reviewing false alerts.The model’s interpretability is enhanced by the integration of Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)values for feature importance,supporting transparency and regulatory auditability.These results affirm the practical relevance of the proposed system for deployment in real-time fraud detection scenarios such as credit card transactions,mobile banking,and cross-border payments.The study also highlights future directions,including the deployment of lightweight models and the integration of multimodal data for scalable fraud analytics.展开更多
In China,electric vehicle(EV)fast-charging power has quadrupled in the past five years,progressing toward 10-minute ultrafast charging.This rapid increase raises concerns about the impact on the power grid including i...In China,electric vehicle(EV)fast-charging power has quadrupled in the past five years,progressing toward 10-minute ultrafast charging.This rapid increase raises concerns about the impact on the power grid including increased peak power demand and the need for substantial upgrades to power infrastruc-ture.Here,we introduce an integrated model to assess fast and ultrafast charging impacts for represen-tative charging stations in China,combining real-world charging patterns and detailed station optimization models.We find that larger stations with 12 or more chargers experience modest peak power increases of less than 30%when fast-charging power is doubled,primarily because shorter charg-ing sessions are less likely to overlap.For more typical stations(e.g.,8-9 chargers and 120 kW·charger^(−1)),upgrading chargers to 350-550 kW while allowing managed dynamic waiting strategies(of∼1 minute)can reduce overall charging times to∼9 minutes.At stations,deploying battery storage and/or expanding transformers can help manage future increases in station loads,yet the primary device cost of the former is∼4 times higher than that of the latter.Our results offer insights for charging infrastructure planning,EV-grid interactions,and associated policymaking.展开更多
With the increasingly serious environmental problems,the use of sustainable materials is particularly important.This study focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions and economic costs of wood over its life cycle as a su...With the increasingly serious environmental problems,the use of sustainable materials is particularly important.This study focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions and economic costs of wood over its life cycle as a sustainable resource.We use a systematic life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess the entire process from raw material collection,processing,use to disposal.The study found that using wood can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional building materials such as steel and concrete.In addition,although the initial procurement costs of wood may be higher,its maintenance costs are lower in the long run,making the life cycle costs generally more economical.The results of this study highlight the environmental and economic advantages of wood in the selection of sustainable building materials,and provide a scientific basis for promoting the use of wood.展开更多
We study the dividend optimization problem for an insurance company under the consideration of internal competition between different units inside company and transaction costs when dividends occur. The management of ...We study the dividend optimization problem for an insurance company under the consideration of internal competition between different units inside company and transaction costs when dividends occur. The management of the company controls the reinsurance rate, the timing and the amount of dividends paid out to maximize the expected total dividends paid out to the shareholders until ruin time. By solving the corresponding quasi-variational inequality, we obtain the optimal return function and the optimal strategy.展开更多
The purpose of present work is to examine the financial problem of finding the universal reservation prices of a European call option written on exchange rate when there is proportional transaction costs of trading fo...The purpose of present work is to examine the financial problem of finding the universal reservation prices of a European call option written on exchange rate when there is proportional transaction costs of trading foreign currency in the market. An approach is suggested to compute the reservation bid-ask price of foreign currency call option based on maximizing the investor＇s expected utility. Option prices are determined from the investor＇s basic portfolio selection problem, without the need to solve a more complex optimization problem involving the insertion of the option payoffs into the terminal value function. Option prices are computed numerically in a Markov chain approximation for the case of exponential utility. Numerical results show that the option price bounds are almost independent of the alternative risk aversion parameter, but the bounds of NT region becomes narrower and the range of values of the initial holding for which the fair price lies within the bid-ask spread is shifted to a lower value when the risk aversion parameter increases.展开更多
Global environmental meeting, legislating a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases for planet earth, is what mankind now hopes for, having realized the enormous dangers in the process of climate change. Global ...Global environmental meeting, legislating a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases for planet earth, is what mankind now hopes for, having realized the enormous dangers in the process of climate change. Global warming is no longer denied by the so-called cornucopians （e.g. Lomberg）, but global policy-making originating in reunions of 190 governments or more stumble on collective action difficulties, spelled out in game theory. Paris will not succeed where Copenhagen failed, namely to arrive at a binding and enforceable global environment policy that will be implemented before it is too late. Instead, there will be massive transaction costs from negotiating and re-negotiating, endless voting, the making of promises exante and reneging ex post, as well as the futile attempts at any enforcement action, given state sovereignty. Mankind will have to learn how to cope with the outcomes of global warming, as resilience is the only hope.展开更多
This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the prob...This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the problem is equivalent to a parabolic double obstacle problem involving two free boundaries that correspond to the optimal buying and selling policies. Numerical examples are obtained by the binomial method.展开更多
In this paper, the discrete mean-variance model is considered for portfolio selection under concave transaction costs. By using the Cholesky decomposition technique, the convariance matrix to obtain a separable mixed ...In this paper, the discrete mean-variance model is considered for portfolio selection under concave transaction costs. By using the Cholesky decomposition technique, the convariance matrix to obtain a separable mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem is decomposed. A brand-and-bound algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation is then proposed. Computational results are reported for test problems with the data randomly generated and those from the US stock market.展开更多
This study examines the transaction costs of collaborative watershed management in the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern(AOC)—one of the 43 geographic areas designated by the U.S.and Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agr...This study examines the transaction costs of collaborative watershed management in the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern(AOC)—one of the 43 geographic areas designated by the U.S.and Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement(GLWQA),where significant impairment of beneficial uses has occurred as a result of human activities.The Cuyahoga River is located in Northeast Ohio,the U.S.and flows through the City of Cleveland before draining into Lake Erie—one of the five Great Lakes of North America.The watershed is degraded due to municipal and agricultural discharges,streambank erosion,and contamination from urban and industrial sources.This research explores how a diverse group of stakeholders convened under the Cuyahoga River AOC Advisory Committee to share information,coordinate activities,agree on activities that restore beneficial uses,and support strategic management actions.In this study,23 semi-structured interviews with members of the advisory committee were conducted between January 28,2020 and April 20,2020,with follow-up emails and phone calls as needed to corroborate information.A review of research articles and government documents supported the interviews,including United States Environmental Protection Agency(U.S.EPA)and Ohio Environment Production Agency(OEPA)reports on the GLWQA and Cuyahoga River Remedial Action Plans.A third source of data is from direct participant observation at quarterly meetings of the advisory committee during 2017–2020,binational AOC conferences in 2017 and 2019,and other professional events geared towards restoring the Cuyahoga River AOC in 2016–2020.Results of this study include a set of recommendations to help guide group structure and decision-making processes,including(1)employing best available technology to organize AOC events and disseminate information;(2)supporting new members with an orientation and/or mentor to clearly define formal and informal committee rules;(3)assuring equal access to detailed information on management action plans with a real time dashboard;(4)updating voting procedures and the prioritization of management actions;and(5)better incorporating underrepresented local communities and highlevel decision makers from municipalities,government agencies,and nongovernmental organizations located within the Cuyahoga River AOC.Results help to explain the collaborative process within the advisory committee and measure the institutional performance of the advisory committee in terms of efficiency,equitability,accountability,and adaptability.展开更多
To some two\|period economies with countable infinite state spaces, the existence of expectation equilibrium of real asset economies with transaction costs is given. This work extends the researches of Zame in 1993.
基金supported by State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Company Science and Technology Project“Research on key technologies of carbon tracking and carbon evaluation for new power system”(Grant:520530230005)。
文摘With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.
文摘Thucydides asserts that the occupation of Decelea by the Spartans in 413 BC made the grain supply for Athens costly by forcing the transport from land onto the sea.This calls into question the well-established consensus that sea transport was far cheaper than land transport.This paper contends that the cost of protecting supply lines-specifically the expenses associated with the warships which escorted the supply ships-rendered the grain transported on the new route exceptionally costly.In this paper,the benefits and drawbacks of a maritime economy,including transaction costs,trade dependencies,and the capabilities of warships and supply ships are discussed.
基金Philosophy and Social Science Planning Projects in Yunnan Province,No.QN202428China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2024M752918。
文摘Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.
文摘The new edition of the International Production Cost Comparison (IPCC) from ITMF has been published.The report benchmarks manufacturing costs for a range of textile products along the primary textile value chain,disaggregated by key cost components at each production stage.
文摘The ease of accessing a virtually unlimited pool of resources makes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds an ideal platform for running data-intensive workflow applications comprising hundreds of computational tasks. However, executing scientific workflows in IaaS cloud environments poses significant challenges due to conflicting objectives, such as minimizing execution time (makespan) and reducing resource utilization costs. This study responds to the increasing need for efficient and adaptable optimization solutions in dynamic and complex environments, which are critical for meeting the evolving demands of modern users and applications. This study presents an innovative multi-objective approach for scheduling scientific workflows in IaaS cloud environments. The proposed algorithm, MOS-MWMC, aims to minimize total execution time (makespan) and resource utilization costs by leveraging key features of virtual machine instances, such as a high number of cores and fast local SSD storage. By integrating realistic simulations based on the WRENCH framework, the method effectively dimensions the cloud infrastructure and optimizes resource usage. Experimental results highlight the superiority of MOS-MWMC compared to benchmark algorithms HEFT and Max-Min. The Pareto fronts obtained for the CyberShake, Epigenomics, and Montage workflows demonstrate closer proximity to the optimal front, confirming the algorithm’s ability to balance conflicting objectives. This study contributes to optimizing scientific workflows in complex environments by providing solutions tailored to specific user needs while minimizing costs and execution times.
文摘P2P trading is driving the decentralization of the electricity market,the autonomy and privacy requirements of prosumers may intro-duce safety risks such as voltage violations.Existing security management methods based on price guidance may face unsolvable situa-tions in trading scenarios and have difficulty assessing the impact of P2P transactions on voltage security.To this end,this paper proposes a novel distribution system operator(DSO)-prosumers bi-level optimization framework incorporating the dynamic operating envelope(DOE)and risk coefficient-based network usage charge(RC-NUC).In the upper-level,the DOE is employed for dynamic voltage man-agement to prevent violations while the RC-NUC further guides prosumers to engage in grid-friendly transactions.The lower-level decen-tralized market enables prosumers to optimize trading decisions autonomously.Only price signals and energy quantities are exchanged between the two levels,ensuring the privacy of both parties.Additionally,an alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with adaptive penalty factor is introduced to improve computational efficiency.Case studies on a modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed method reduces voltage violation risks by 18.31%and enhances trading efficiency by 32.3%.These results highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach in advancing secure and efficient distributed energy transactions.
文摘Blockchain platform swith the unique characteristics of anonymity,decentralization,and transparency of their transactions,which are faced with abnormal activities such as money laundering,phishing scams,and fraudulent behavior,posing a serious threat to account asset security.For these potential security risks,this paper proposes a hybrid neural network detection method(HNND)that learns multiple types of account features and enhances fusion information among them to effectively detect abnormal transaction behaviors in the blockchain.In HNND,the Temporal Transaction Graph Attention Network(T2GAT)is first designed to learn biased aggregation representation of multi-attribute transactions among nodes,which can capture key temporal information from node neighborhood transactions.Then,the Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)is adopted which captures abstract structural features of the transaction network.Further,the Stacked Denoising Autoencode(SDA)is developed to achieve adaptive fusion of thses features from different modules.Moreover,the SDA enhances robustness and generalization ability of node representation,leading to higher binary classification accuracy in detecting abnormal behaviors of blockchain accounts.Evaluations on a real-world abnormal transaction dataset demonstrate great advantages of the proposed HNND method over other compared methods.
文摘The global wave of digitalization has accelerated the process of corporate digital transformation,placing higher demands on financial and accounting management.Since then,accounting work has shifted from the traditional transactional model to a modern value management-oriented model,leading to a transformation of accounting functions.As corporate managers,they must advance their work proactively,empower the modernization and innovation of financial accounting with digital technology,and transition to management accounting to ensure enterprises keep pace with the times.Therefore,this paper explores the current status of corporate financial and accounting work amid the digital wave,identifies the challenges in the transformation of accounting from transactional to value management-oriented,and finally proposes several feasible and effective improvement strategies,aiming to provide more references for relevant practitioners.
文摘Low data encryption efficiency and inadequate security are two issues with the current blockchain cross-chain transaction protection schemes.To address these issues,a blockchain cross-chain transaction protection scheme based on Fully Homomorphic Encryption(FHE)is proposed.In the proposed scheme,the functional relationship is established by Box-Muller,Discrete Gaussian Distribution Function(DGDF)and Uniform Random Distribution Func-tion(URDF)are used to improve the security and efficiency of key generation.Subsequently,the data preprocessing function is introduced to perform cleaning,deduplication,and normalization operations on the transaction data of multi-key signature,and it is classified into interactive data and asset data,so as to perform different homomorphic operations in the FHE encryption stage.Ultimately,in the FHE encryption stage,homomorphic multiplication and homomorphic addition are used targeted for the interactive data and asset data,thereby reducing the computational complexity and enhancing the FHE encryption efficiency.The significance of the proposed scheme is proved by experimental results:Firstly,the multi-key generation function and its specific sampling method and transformation ensure the security and efficiency of key generation.Data preprocessing can also accelerate the FHE encryption process by eliminating invalid data and redundancy,so the FHE encryption efficiency is significantly improved.Secondly,the FHE encryption method based on discrete logarithm problem enhances the security of transaction data and can effectively resist multiple attacks.In addition,the preprocessed data also has good performance in capacity storage.The proposed scheme has significant impacts on key indicators such as encryption efficiency and security,it provides a new reference for blockchain cross-chain transaction protection technology and has an important impact on the security improvement of various cross-chain transaction data.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia[Grant No.KFU241683].
文摘This paper proposes a novel hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates multi-stage feature selection,unsupervised clustering,and ensemble learning to improve classification performance in financial transaction monitoring systems.The framework is structured into three core layers:(1)feature selection using Recursive Feature Elimination(RFE),Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and Mutual Information(MI)to reduce dimensionality and enhance input relevance;(2)anomaly detection through unsupervised clustering using K-Means,Density-Based Spatial Clustering(DBSCAN),and Hierarchical Clustering to flag suspicious patterns in unlabeled data;and(3)final classification using a voting-based hybrid ensemble of Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),and Gradient Boosting Classifier(GBC).The experimental evaluation is conducted on a synthetically generated dataset comprising one million financial transactions,with 5% labelled as fraudulent,simulating realistic fraud rates and behavioural features,including transaction time,origin,amount,and geo-location.The proposed model demonstrated a significant improvement over baseline classifiers,achieving an accuracy of 99%,a precision of 99%,a recall of 97%,and an F1-score of 99%.Compared to individual models,it yielded a 9% gain in overall detection accuracy.It reduced the false positive rate to below 3.5%,thereby minimising the operational costs associated with manually reviewing false alerts.The model’s interpretability is enhanced by the integration of Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)values for feature importance,supporting transparency and regulatory auditability.These results affirm the practical relevance of the proposed system for deployment in real-time fraud detection scenarios such as credit card transactions,mobile banking,and cross-border payments.The study also highlights future directions,including the deployment of lightweight models and the integration of multimodal data for scalable fraud analytics.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72325006,72488101,and 72293601)the Sze Family Foundationthe Climate Imperative Foundation(#2024-001465)
文摘In China,electric vehicle(EV)fast-charging power has quadrupled in the past five years,progressing toward 10-minute ultrafast charging.This rapid increase raises concerns about the impact on the power grid including increased peak power demand and the need for substantial upgrades to power infrastruc-ture.Here,we introduce an integrated model to assess fast and ultrafast charging impacts for represen-tative charging stations in China,combining real-world charging patterns and detailed station optimization models.We find that larger stations with 12 or more chargers experience modest peak power increases of less than 30%when fast-charging power is doubled,primarily because shorter charg-ing sessions are less likely to overlap.For more typical stations(e.g.,8-9 chargers and 120 kW·charger^(−1)),upgrading chargers to 350-550 kW while allowing managed dynamic waiting strategies(of∼1 minute)can reduce overall charging times to∼9 minutes.At stations,deploying battery storage and/or expanding transformers can help manage future increases in station loads,yet the primary device cost of the former is∼4 times higher than that of the latter.Our results offer insights for charging infrastructure planning,EV-grid interactions,and associated policymaking.
文摘With the increasingly serious environmental problems,the use of sustainable materials is particularly important.This study focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions and economic costs of wood over its life cycle as a sustainable resource.We use a systematic life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess the entire process from raw material collection,processing,use to disposal.The study found that using wood can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional building materials such as steel and concrete.In addition,although the initial procurement costs of wood may be higher,its maintenance costs are lower in the long run,making the life cycle costs generally more economical.The results of this study highlight the environmental and economic advantages of wood in the selection of sustainable building materials,and provide a scientific basis for promoting the use of wood.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11371284)
文摘We study the dividend optimization problem for an insurance company under the consideration of internal competition between different units inside company and transaction costs when dividends occur. The management of the company controls the reinsurance rate, the timing and the amount of dividends paid out to maximize the expected total dividends paid out to the shareholders until ruin time. By solving the corresponding quasi-variational inequality, we obtain the optimal return function and the optimal strategy.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y604137) the Altitude College Natural Science Foundation of JiangSu Province (KY205017).
文摘The purpose of present work is to examine the financial problem of finding the universal reservation prices of a European call option written on exchange rate when there is proportional transaction costs of trading foreign currency in the market. An approach is suggested to compute the reservation bid-ask price of foreign currency call option based on maximizing the investor＇s expected utility. Option prices are determined from the investor＇s basic portfolio selection problem, without the need to solve a more complex optimization problem involving the insertion of the option payoffs into the terminal value function. Option prices are computed numerically in a Markov chain approximation for the case of exponential utility. Numerical results show that the option price bounds are almost independent of the alternative risk aversion parameter, but the bounds of NT region becomes narrower and the range of values of the initial holding for which the fair price lies within the bid-ask spread is shifted to a lower value when the risk aversion parameter increases.
文摘Global environmental meeting, legislating a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases for planet earth, is what mankind now hopes for, having realized the enormous dangers in the process of climate change. Global warming is no longer denied by the so-called cornucopians （e.g. Lomberg）, but global policy-making originating in reunions of 190 governments or more stumble on collective action difficulties, spelled out in game theory. Paris will not succeed where Copenhagen failed, namely to arrive at a binding and enforceable global environment policy that will be implemented before it is too late. Instead, there will be massive transaction costs from negotiating and re-negotiating, endless voting, the making of promises exante and reneging ex post, as well as the futile attempts at any enforcement action, given state sovereignty. Mankind will have to learn how to cope with the outcomes of global warming, as resilience is the only hope.
基金Supported by the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (NO.309018)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.70973104,NO.11171304)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.Y6110023)
文摘This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the problem is equivalent to a parabolic double obstacle problem involving two free boundaries that correspond to the optimal buying and selling policies. Numerical examples are obtained by the binomial method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.70671064,70518001)
文摘In this paper, the discrete mean-variance model is considered for portfolio selection under concave transaction costs. By using the Cholesky decomposition technique, the convariance matrix to obtain a separable mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem is decomposed. A brand-and-bound algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation is then proposed. Computational results are reported for test problems with the data randomly generated and those from the US stock market.
文摘This study examines the transaction costs of collaborative watershed management in the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern(AOC)—one of the 43 geographic areas designated by the U.S.and Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement(GLWQA),where significant impairment of beneficial uses has occurred as a result of human activities.The Cuyahoga River is located in Northeast Ohio,the U.S.and flows through the City of Cleveland before draining into Lake Erie—one of the five Great Lakes of North America.The watershed is degraded due to municipal and agricultural discharges,streambank erosion,and contamination from urban and industrial sources.This research explores how a diverse group of stakeholders convened under the Cuyahoga River AOC Advisory Committee to share information,coordinate activities,agree on activities that restore beneficial uses,and support strategic management actions.In this study,23 semi-structured interviews with members of the advisory committee were conducted between January 28,2020 and April 20,2020,with follow-up emails and phone calls as needed to corroborate information.A review of research articles and government documents supported the interviews,including United States Environmental Protection Agency(U.S.EPA)and Ohio Environment Production Agency(OEPA)reports on the GLWQA and Cuyahoga River Remedial Action Plans.A third source of data is from direct participant observation at quarterly meetings of the advisory committee during 2017–2020,binational AOC conferences in 2017 and 2019,and other professional events geared towards restoring the Cuyahoga River AOC in 2016–2020.Results of this study include a set of recommendations to help guide group structure and decision-making processes,including(1)employing best available technology to organize AOC events and disseminate information;(2)supporting new members with an orientation and/or mentor to clearly define formal and informal committee rules;(3)assuring equal access to detailed information on management action plans with a real time dashboard;(4)updating voting procedures and the prioritization of management actions;and(5)better incorporating underrepresented local communities and highlevel decision makers from municipalities,government agencies,and nongovernmental organizations located within the Cuyahoga River AOC.Results help to explain the collaborative process within the advisory committee and measure the institutional performance of the advisory committee in terms of efficiency,equitability,accountability,and adaptability.
文摘To some two\|period economies with countable infinite state spaces, the existence of expectation equilibrium of real asset economies with transaction costs is given. This work extends the researches of Zame in 1993.
