BACKGROUND Post-operative infection is a common and serious complication following drugeluting trans arterial chemo embolization(D-TACE)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),potentially compromising treatment...BACKGROUND Post-operative infection is a common and serious complication following drugeluting trans arterial chemo embolization(D-TACE)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),potentially compromising treatment efficacy and increasing morbidity.AIM To investigate the risk factors associated with post-operative infection in HCC patients undergoing D-TACE,and to provide evidence for clinical prevention and targeted intervention strategies.METHODS Clinical data of 77 primary HCC patients who underwent D-TACE in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Patient demographics,laboratory test results,tumor characteristics,and surgery-related parameters were collected.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for post-operative infection.RESULTS Post-operative infection occurred in 20 cases(25.97%)among the 77 patients.Univariate analysis showed that age≥65 years,Child-Pugh grade B,tumor diameter≥5 cm,operation time≥120 minutes,preoperative albumin<35 g/L,and comorbid diabetes were significantly associated with post-operative infection(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified Child-Pugh grade B(OR=2.851,95%CI:1.426-5.698),operation time≥120 minutes(OR=2.367,95%CI:1.238-4.523),and preoperative albumin<35 g/L(OR=2.156,95%CI:1.147-4.052)as independent risk factors for post-operative infection.CONCLUSION Liver function status,operation time,and preoperative albumin level are significant factors affecting post-operative infection in HCC patients undergoing D-TACE.For high-risk patients,enhanced perioperative management,appropriate timing of surgery,and active improvement of nutritional status should be implemented to reduce the risk of post-operative infection.展开更多
Tourism literature is a window for foreigners to know China and a medium for publicizing Chinese culture.Increasing the quality of translation of tourism literature is of great significance in promoting Chinese touris...Tourism literature is a window for foreigners to know China and a medium for publicizing Chinese culture.Increasing the quality of translation of tourism literature is of great significance in promoting Chinese tourisms' further development.This paper explores the strategies to deal with the translation of tourism literature,taking Skopos Theory as the theoretical base.展开更多
Challenges in translation can be approached from the perspective of intercultural communication, and translation also plays a major role in communication between cultures. The translators of news should be culture con...Challenges in translation can be approached from the perspective of intercultural communication, and translation also plays a major role in communication between cultures. The translators of news should be culture conscious and adopt flexible strategies in dealing with cultural differences. In news translation, the readability of the target language text counts the most.展开更多
As a large number of foreign films have flooded into the Chinese film market, subtitling translation plays an important role in helping the audience understand and learn about some information and cultures from differ...As a large number of foreign films have flooded into the Chinese film market, subtitling translation plays an important role in helping the audience understand and learn about some information and cultures from different countries. This paper mainly uses Peter Newmark's"equivalent effect"as a theoretical foundation to analyze the features of two kitties'(Garfield and Prince) source language (English) and target language (Chinese) in the film Garfield Ⅱ based on their living surroundings and social status.展开更多
The text have an in-depth discussion of the non-linguistic factors on the English-Chinese Translation of humor,and according to different types of humor,summarized the corresponding translation strategies,including th...The text have an in-depth discussion of the non-linguistic factors on the English-Chinese Translation of humor,and according to different types of humor,summarized the corresponding translation strategies,including the naturalization,replacement and explanation.展开更多
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has its implication in translation studies. Each language is a peculiar whole. It is a product, even an expression, of the spiritual personality and the cultural particularity. Translation is a ...Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has its implication in translation studies. Each language is a peculiar whole. It is a product, even an expression, of the spiritual personality and the cultural particularity. Translation is a kind of interlingual and intercultural communication. It involves not only the transference from one language into another, but a whole set of extra-linguistic criteria. In translating we are always crossing a greater or lesser barrier or divide.展开更多
Powdered activated carbon（PAC） adsorption of two fishy odorants, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal（HDE） and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal（DDE）, was investigated. Both the pseudo first-order and the pseudo second-order ki...Powdered activated carbon（PAC） adsorption of two fishy odorants, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal（HDE） and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal（DDE）, was investigated. Both the pseudo first-order and the pseudo second-order kinetic models well described the kinetics curves, and DDE was more readily removed by PAC. In isotherm tests, both Freundlich and Modified Freundlich isotherms fitted the experimental data well. PAC exhibited a higher adsorption capacity for DDE than for HDE, which could be ascribed to the difference in their hydrophobicity. The calculated thermodynamic parameters（ΔG^0, ΔH^0, and ΔS^0） indicated an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. PAC dosage, p H, and natural organic matter（NOM） presence were found to influence the adsorption process. With increasing PAC dosage, the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order rate constants both increased. The value of p H had little influence on HDE or DDE molecules but altered the surface charge of PAC, and the maximum adsorption capacity occurred at p H 9. The presence of NOM, especially the fraction with molecular weight less than1 k Dalton, hindered the adsorption. The study showed that preloaded NOM impaired the adsorption capacity of HDE or DDE more severely than simultaneously fed NOM did.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)-based multimodal treatment in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A total of 146 consecutive patients were incl...AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)-based multimodal treatment in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A total of 146 consecutive patients were included in the analysis,and their medical records and radiological data were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS:In total,119 patients received TACE-based multi-modal treatments,and the remaining 27 received conservative management.Overall survival(P<0.001)and objective tumor response(P=0.003)were significantly better in the treatment group than in the conservative group.After subgroup analysis,survival benefits were observed not only in the multi-modal treatment group compared with the TACE-only group(P=0.002)but also in the surgical treatment group compared with the loco-regional treatment-only group(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis identified tumor stage(P<0.001)and tumor type(P=0.009)as two independent pre-treatment factors for survival.After adjusting for significant pre-treatment prognostic factors,objective response(P<0.001),surgical treatment(P=0.009),and multi-modal treatment(P=0.002)were identified as independent post-treatment prognostic factors.CONCLUSION:TACE-based multi-modal treatments were safe and more beneficial than conservative management.Salvage surgery after successful downstaging resultedin long-term survival in patients with large,unresectable HCC.展开更多
Hepatic artery thrombosis is a serious complication after liver transplantation which often results in biliary complications, early graft loss, and patient death. It is generally thought that early hepatic artery thro...Hepatic artery thrombosis is a serious complication after liver transplantation which often results in biliary complications, early graft loss, and patient death. It is generally thought that early hepatic artery thrombosis without urgent re-vascularization or retransplantation almost always leads to mortality, especially if the hepatic artery thrombosis occurs within a few days after transplantation. This series presents 3 cases of early hepatic artery thrombosis after living donor liver transplantation, in which surgical or endovascular attempts at arterial re-vascularization failed. Unexpectedly, these 3 patients survived with acceptable graft function after 32 mo, 11 mo, and 4 mo follow-up, respectively. The literatures on factors affecting this devastating complication were reviewed from an anatomical perspective. The collective evidence from survivors indicated that modified nonsurgical management after liver transplantation with failed revascularization may be sufficient to prevent mortality from early hepatic artery occlusion. Re-transplantation may be reserved for selected patients with unrecovered graft function.展开更多
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus(OHFV) is a tick-borne flavivirus classified as a biosafety level-4(BSL4) pathogen. Studies of OHFV are restricted to be conducted within BSL4 laboratories. Currently, no commercial vaccine...Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus(OHFV) is a tick-borne flavivirus classified as a biosafety level-4(BSL4) pathogen. Studies of OHFV are restricted to be conducted within BSL4 laboratories. Currently, no commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs are available against OHFV infection. In this study, we recovered a replication-deficient OHFV with an NS1 deletion(OHFVDNS1) and reporter virus replacing NS1 with the Gaussia luciferase(Gluc)(OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc). Both the defective OHFVDNS1 and OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc virus could only replicate efficiently in the BHK21 cell line expressing NS1(BHK21NS1) but not in na?ve BHK21 cells. The Gluc reporter gene of OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc virus was maintained stably after serial passaging of BHK21NS1 cells and was used to surrogate the replication of OHFV. Using NITD008, OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc virus was validated for antiviral screening, and high-throughput screening parameters were optimized in a 96-well plate format with a calculated Z0 value above 0.5. The OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc reporter virus is a powerful tool for antiviral screening as well as viral replication and pathogenesis studies in BSL2 laboratories.展开更多
To illuminate the regulating effect of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA ) on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin 43 (Cx43) ge ne expression in glioma cells, which is tissue and organ specific. ...To illuminate the regulating effect of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA ) on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin 43 (Cx43) ge ne expression in glioma cells, which is tissue and organ specific. Method. Rat C6 glioma cells were exposed to ATRA at a concentration of 1, 10, 10 0 μmol/L respectively, and the GJIC function of the cells was examined with scr ape loading dye transfer assay 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after ATRA treat ment. The effect of ATRA on Cx43 gene expression was measured with semiquantitat ive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) 24 hours after ATR A exposure. Results. The GJIC function of C6 glioma cells was significantly increased by ATR A at each concentration applied. The dye passed 4 to 5 rows of cells from the sc raping edge in ATRA treated cells, but only 1 or 2 rows in the control. The augm ent effect was observed 24 hours after each concentration ATRA treatment, and la sted till 72 hours after treatment with 1μmol/L and 10μmol/L ATRA. Forty eigh t hours after exposed to 100μmol/L ATRA, the enhancement of GJIC was less obvi ous. There was no significant increase induced by ATRA on the transcription of C x43 gene, as demonstrated by semiquantitative RT PCR. Conclusion. ATRA turned out to be a potent enhancer on GJIC function in C6 gliom a cells, and the enhancement effect was most probable at post transcriptional l evel.展开更多
Objective To understand the dietary intake levels of trans fatty acids （TFA） in a Chinese population and establish a basis for health risk assessment of trans fatty acids. Methods The TFA contents data of 2613 food ...Objective To understand the dietary intake levels of trans fatty acids （TFA） in a Chinese population and establish a basis for health risk assessment of trans fatty acids. Methods The TFA contents data of 2613 food items and food consumption data of 10,533 people aged 3 years and above in two large cities in China were matched and a simple assessment method was used to estimate the distribution of dietary TFA intake. Results The mean content of TFA was highest in margarine （1.68±0.83 g/100g）, followed by chocolate and candy （0.89±2.68 g/100g）, edible vegetable oils （0.86±0.82 g/100g）, milk （0.83±1.56 g/100g）, and bakery foods （0.41±0.91 g/100g）. TFA intake accounted for 0.34%, 0.30%, 0.32%, and 0.29% of the total energy intake in the 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, and 〉18 year age groups, respectively. Of the populations studied, 0.42% demonstrated TFA intakes （as percentage of energy intake） greater than 1%. The main sources of dietary TFA intake were edible vegetable oils, milk, mutton, and beef, and baked foods, which accounted for 49.8%, 16.56%, 12.21%, and 8.87%, respectively. Conclusion The current intake of TFA among concern regarding the threshold of TFA intake people in two cities did not appear to be of major health as the percentage of total energy recommended by the World Health Organization. Because most TFA were derived from industrially processed foods, the government should reinforce nutrition labeling and regulate food producers to further reduce TFA in food and to provide scientific instruction for consumers to make sound choices.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis C(CHC) is the most common indication for liver transplantation(LT). Aggressive treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection before cirrhosis development or decompensation may reduce LT need and risk...Chronic hepatitis C(CHC) is the most common indication for liver transplantation(LT). Aggressive treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection before cirrhosis development or decompensation may reduce LT need and risk of HCV recurrence post-LT. Factors associated with increased HCV risk or severity of recurrence include older age, immunosuppression, HCV genotype 1 and high viral load at LT. HCV recurrence post-LT leads to accelerated liver disease and cirrhosis development with reduced graft and patient survival. Currently, interferon(IFN)-based regimens can be used in dualagent regimens with ribavirin, in triple-agent antiviral strategies with direct-acting antivirals(e.g., protease inhibitors telaprevir or boceprevir), or before transplant in compensated patients to reduce HCV viral load to prevent or reduce the risk of post-LT recurrence and complications; they cannot be used in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. IFN-based regimens are used in less than half of HCV-infected patients waiting for LT due to extremely low efficacy and poor tolerability. However, antiviral therapy is indicated after LT in patients with histologically confirmed CHC despite tolerability issues. Improvements in side effect management have increased survival in patients achieving therapeutic targets. HCV treatment pre- and post-LT results in significant health care costs especially when lack of efficacy leads to disease worsening, although studies have shown sofosbuvir treatment before LT vs conventional post-LT dual antiviral is cost effective. The suboptimal efficacy and tolerability of IFN-based therapies, plus the significant economic burden, means the need for effective and well tolerated IFN-free antiHCV therapy for pre- and post-LT remains high.展开更多
Herein we give a theoretical study of the hydrolysis processes of a novel anticancer drug trans-[PtCl2（3-pico）（ipa）] （3-pico=3-methylpyridine, ipa=isopropylamine）. Two different models, model 1 relative to isola...Herein we give a theoretical study of the hydrolysis processes of a novel anticancer drug trans-[PtCl2（3-pico）（ipa）] （3-pico=3-methylpyridine, ipa=isopropylamine）. Two different models, model 1 relative to isolated reactant/product （R/P, wherein R=platinum complex＋H2O, P=platinum complex＋Cl^-） and model 2 relative to reactant complex/product complex （RC/PC, wherein RC=（platinum complex）（H2O）, PC=（platinum complex）（CI^-） are employed and the geometric structures are optimized at the B3LYP level of DFT method. It is found that the processes of the reactions follow the established theory for ligand substitution in square planar complexes; the geometries of the transition states （TS） agree with the previous related work and all of the reactions are endothermic. The effects originating from the inclusion of the attacking water/released chloride into the second coordination shell of platinum in RC/PC play an important role in the thermodynamic and kinetic profiles of the reactions, that is, the barrier heights of the reactions of model 2 are increased by -26.3 and -23.8 kJ/mol for step1 and step2 respectively, and the endothermicity is considerably decreased by -420.5 and -771.2 kJ/mol compared to model 1 in the gas phase. The consideration of the bulk solvation effects increase the barrier heights for both steps of model 1 by -27.6 and -6.7 kJ/mol respectively, whereas it reduces the barrier heights by -7.9 and -29.3 kJ/mol for model 2. The reaction energies are all decreased, especially for model i, indicating more stable complexes solvated in the bulk aqueous solution than in the gas phase. Additionally, to get an accurate energy picture of the title complex, the relative free energies derived from the DFT-SCRF （density functional theory self-consistent field） calculations are compared with the relative total energies. The results are that activation energies rise for the first hydrolysis and fall for the second hydrolysis for all the systems, and for all the systems, the barrier height of the second hydrolysis is always higher than that of the first step. The rate constants indicate that transplatin analogue is kinetically comparable to cisplatin and its analogue in the hydrolysis process.展开更多
Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the ...Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of Trans FA (TFA) in edible oil samples consumed in Tehran, Iran analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). The mean of total TFA was 0.45% ranging from (0.11% - 1.61%) for liquid frying oils and 2.92% ranging from (0.46% - 5.40%) for solid oils. The major TFA observed in these two groups was elaidic acid in solid oils. The highest content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was detected in solid oils with average of 32.07 and palmitic acid was the major SFA in these four groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid are the most important poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The variance in the percentage of TFA in the edible oils probably resulted from differences in the type of oils, quality, heating, processing technique and storage condition of the edible oils. The results indicated that, edible oils contain considerable proportions of trans fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to assess the content of TFA in edible oils in Iran.展开更多
This paper is to investigate a variable-coefficient modified Kortweg-de Vries （vc-mKdV） model, which describes some situations from fluid mechanics, ocean dynamics, and plasma mechanics. By the AblowRz-Kaup-NewellSe...This paper is to investigate a variable-coefficient modified Kortweg-de Vries （vc-mKdV） model, which describes some situations from fluid mechanics, ocean dynamics, and plasma mechanics. By the AblowRz-Kaup-NewellSegur procedure and symbolic computation, the Lax pair of the vc-MKdV model is derived. Then, based on the aforementioned Lax pair, the Darboux transformation is constructed and a new one-soliton-like solution is obtained as weft Features of the one-soliton-like solution are analyzed and graphically discussed to illustrate the influence of the variable coefficients in the solitonlike propagation.展开更多
This research is to explore the approaches to translating similes and metaphors in TCM works into English based on the translation principles and methods suggested by foreign translators.Through the analysis,conclusio...This research is to explore the approaches to translating similes and metaphors in TCM works into English based on the translation principles and methods suggested by foreign translators.Through the analysis,conclusions are drawn:①The principle of making sense should be emphasized,since TCM works mainly concentrate on conveying the objective information about human’s physical conditions during diagnosis and therapy.②Literal translation approach can be applied in translating similes to describe the symptoms and signs of the patients.③The translation of metaphors is more complicated.They can be converted into the form of similes or with certain explanations to achieve the comprehensibility of the target language.And some images can be left out from the metaphors or necessary explanations added to make them comprehensible to English readers.展开更多
Professor Wang Rongpei has put forward the translation principle—"faithful in meaning and vivid in description"and put it into use. Through a series of analysis and contrast of different versions, this essa...Professor Wang Rongpei has put forward the translation principle—"faithful in meaning and vivid in description"and put it into use. Through a series of analysis and contrast of different versions, this essay would prove the rationality of Professor Wang Rongpei's translation principle.展开更多
" Functional Equivalence Theory" , including Dynamic Equivalence and Formal Equivalence two parts, was first put forward by an American translator , Nida, Eugene A. This theory makes it available for readers..." Functional Equivalence Theory" , including Dynamic Equivalence and Formal Equivalence two parts, was first put forward by an American translator , Nida, Eugene A. This theory makes it available for readers of translation feel the same way as those of the origi nal. This theory has become the highest standard in Business Letter Translation in consideration of features of business letters, like normaliz ing, pries word, sample pattern, tactful tone, and its different functions like providing information, communicating and so on. However, be cause of the differences between Chinese culture and foreign cultures, there are some situations need special treatments. This paper does some study in the Functional Equivalence Theory and its application in Business Letter Translation. Finally, the paper educe the conclusion as: This theory has feasibility and constructive function in Business Letter Translation. However, this theory should be abounded and im proved ceaselessly in practice, since it still have some shortages.展开更多
Movie is a popular art which occupies an important position in people's leisure time. Movie title,as the most direct and accessible tool for audience to know about the movie,is very significant to attract audience...Movie is a popular art which occupies an important position in people's leisure time. Movie title,as the most direct and accessible tool for audience to know about the movie,is very significant to attract audience into the cinema. Therefore,the translation of movie title cannot be ignored. However,due to the cultural differences in Chinese and English culture,the problem of movie title translation is obvious which needs to be paid attention to the translation and people working in movie industry.Traditional translation theory puts more emphasis on the important and authoritative status of original text and author. But this notion cannot satisfy the needs of movie title translation to the largest extent. Movie is not only a cultural and linguistic product,it also is a special commercial product. The ultimate objective of movie is to allure the audience into the cinema to watch and appreciate it in addition to provide the cultural information. Reception aesthetics,as a theory of literary criticism,gives priority to readers' role in literary understanding and interpretation. According to reception aesthetics,the horizon of expectation should be taken into consideration when the translation work begins to be done. Horizon of expectation is composed of the readers' or audiences' previous cultural norms,assumptions,and criteria in the source language and culture at a given time. Movie title,as a special text,is also understood and influenced by the audience's horizon of expectation. Chinese audience,before they decide to watch a movie,are naturally harbor their horizon of expectation about the movie. They will form their judgment and assumptions about the genre,plot,story,background about the movie from the movie title. These kind of horizon of expectation will consequently influence their ultimate decision to watch the movie or not. Hence,in doing the movie title translation,the translator is supposed to keep the audience's horizon of expectation in mind and try his utmost to achieve the fusion of expectation. In this way,the comparatively satisfactory version is likely to come into being and finally will live up to the audience's expectations. As a result,from the perspective of reception aesthetics,the author proposes three feasible translation methods of movie title: literal translation,free translation and adaptation.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Post-operative infection is a common and serious complication following drugeluting trans arterial chemo embolization(D-TACE)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),potentially compromising treatment efficacy and increasing morbidity.AIM To investigate the risk factors associated with post-operative infection in HCC patients undergoing D-TACE,and to provide evidence for clinical prevention and targeted intervention strategies.METHODS Clinical data of 77 primary HCC patients who underwent D-TACE in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Patient demographics,laboratory test results,tumor characteristics,and surgery-related parameters were collected.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for post-operative infection.RESULTS Post-operative infection occurred in 20 cases(25.97%)among the 77 patients.Univariate analysis showed that age≥65 years,Child-Pugh grade B,tumor diameter≥5 cm,operation time≥120 minutes,preoperative albumin<35 g/L,and comorbid diabetes were significantly associated with post-operative infection(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified Child-Pugh grade B(OR=2.851,95%CI:1.426-5.698),operation time≥120 minutes(OR=2.367,95%CI:1.238-4.523),and preoperative albumin<35 g/L(OR=2.156,95%CI:1.147-4.052)as independent risk factors for post-operative infection.CONCLUSION Liver function status,operation time,and preoperative albumin level are significant factors affecting post-operative infection in HCC patients undergoing D-TACE.For high-risk patients,enhanced perioperative management,appropriate timing of surgery,and active improvement of nutritional status should be implemented to reduce the risk of post-operative infection.
文摘Tourism literature is a window for foreigners to know China and a medium for publicizing Chinese culture.Increasing the quality of translation of tourism literature is of great significance in promoting Chinese tourisms' further development.This paper explores the strategies to deal with the translation of tourism literature,taking Skopos Theory as the theoretical base.
文摘Challenges in translation can be approached from the perspective of intercultural communication, and translation also plays a major role in communication between cultures. The translators of news should be culture conscious and adopt flexible strategies in dealing with cultural differences. In news translation, the readability of the target language text counts the most.
文摘As a large number of foreign films have flooded into the Chinese film market, subtitling translation plays an important role in helping the audience understand and learn about some information and cultures from different countries. This paper mainly uses Peter Newmark's"equivalent effect"as a theoretical foundation to analyze the features of two kitties'(Garfield and Prince) source language (English) and target language (Chinese) in the film Garfield Ⅱ based on their living surroundings and social status.
文摘The text have an in-depth discussion of the non-linguistic factors on the English-Chinese Translation of humor,and according to different types of humor,summarized the corresponding translation strategies,including the naturalization,replacement and explanation.
文摘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has its implication in translation studies. Each language is a peculiar whole. It is a product, even an expression, of the spiritual personality and the cultural particularity. Translation is a kind of interlingual and intercultural communication. It involves not only the transference from one language into another, but a whole set of extra-linguistic criteria. In translating we are always crossing a greater or lesser barrier or divide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51290284)
文摘Powdered activated carbon（PAC） adsorption of two fishy odorants, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal（HDE） and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal（DDE）, was investigated. Both the pseudo first-order and the pseudo second-order kinetic models well described the kinetics curves, and DDE was more readily removed by PAC. In isotherm tests, both Freundlich and Modified Freundlich isotherms fitted the experimental data well. PAC exhibited a higher adsorption capacity for DDE than for HDE, which could be ascribed to the difference in their hydrophobicity. The calculated thermodynamic parameters（ΔG^0, ΔH^0, and ΔS^0） indicated an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. PAC dosage, p H, and natural organic matter（NOM） presence were found to influence the adsorption process. With increasing PAC dosage, the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order rate constants both increased. The value of p H had little influence on HDE or DDE molecules but altered the surface charge of PAC, and the maximum adsorption capacity occurred at p H 9. The presence of NOM, especially the fraction with molecular weight less than1 k Dalton, hindered the adsorption. The study showed that preloaded NOM impaired the adsorption capacity of HDE or DDE more severely than simultaneously fed NOM did.
基金Supported by National R&D Program grant for cancer control from the Ministry of Health,Welfare and Family Affairs,South Korea,No.R0620390-1
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)-based multimodal treatment in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A total of 146 consecutive patients were included in the analysis,and their medical records and radiological data were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS:In total,119 patients received TACE-based multi-modal treatments,and the remaining 27 received conservative management.Overall survival(P<0.001)and objective tumor response(P=0.003)were significantly better in the treatment group than in the conservative group.After subgroup analysis,survival benefits were observed not only in the multi-modal treatment group compared with the TACE-only group(P=0.002)but also in the surgical treatment group compared with the loco-regional treatment-only group(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis identified tumor stage(P<0.001)and tumor type(P=0.009)as two independent pre-treatment factors for survival.After adjusting for significant pre-treatment prognostic factors,objective response(P<0.001),surgical treatment(P=0.009),and multi-modal treatment(P=0.002)were identified as independent post-treatment prognostic factors.CONCLUSION:TACE-based multi-modal treatments were safe and more beneficial than conservative management.Salvage surgery after successful downstaging resultedin long-term survival in patients with large,unresectable HCC.
文摘Hepatic artery thrombosis is a serious complication after liver transplantation which often results in biliary complications, early graft loss, and patient death. It is generally thought that early hepatic artery thrombosis without urgent re-vascularization or retransplantation almost always leads to mortality, especially if the hepatic artery thrombosis occurs within a few days after transplantation. This series presents 3 cases of early hepatic artery thrombosis after living donor liver transplantation, in which surgical or endovascular attempts at arterial re-vascularization failed. Unexpectedly, these 3 patients survived with acceptable graft function after 32 mo, 11 mo, and 4 mo follow-up, respectively. The literatures on factors affecting this devastating complication were reviewed from an anatomical perspective. The collective evidence from survivors indicated that modified nonsurgical management after liver transplantation with failed revascularization may be sufficient to prevent mortality from early hepatic artery occlusion. Re-transplantation may be reserved for selected patients with unrecovered graft function.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project on Important Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control (2018ZX10734404-010)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0507201)
文摘Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus(OHFV) is a tick-borne flavivirus classified as a biosafety level-4(BSL4) pathogen. Studies of OHFV are restricted to be conducted within BSL4 laboratories. Currently, no commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs are available against OHFV infection. In this study, we recovered a replication-deficient OHFV with an NS1 deletion(OHFVDNS1) and reporter virus replacing NS1 with the Gaussia luciferase(Gluc)(OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc). Both the defective OHFVDNS1 and OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc virus could only replicate efficiently in the BHK21 cell line expressing NS1(BHK21NS1) but not in na?ve BHK21 cells. The Gluc reporter gene of OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc virus was maintained stably after serial passaging of BHK21NS1 cells and was used to surrogate the replication of OHFV. Using NITD008, OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc virus was validated for antiviral screening, and high-throughput screening parameters were optimized in a 96-well plate format with a calculated Z0 value above 0.5. The OHFV-ΔNS1-Gluc reporter virus is a powerful tool for antiviral screening as well as viral replication and pathogenesis studies in BSL2 laboratories.
文摘To illuminate the regulating effect of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA ) on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and connexin 43 (Cx43) ge ne expression in glioma cells, which is tissue and organ specific. Method. Rat C6 glioma cells were exposed to ATRA at a concentration of 1, 10, 10 0 μmol/L respectively, and the GJIC function of the cells was examined with scr ape loading dye transfer assay 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after ATRA treat ment. The effect of ATRA on Cx43 gene expression was measured with semiquantitat ive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) 24 hours after ATR A exposure. Results. The GJIC function of C6 glioma cells was significantly increased by ATR A at each concentration applied. The dye passed 4 to 5 rows of cells from the sc raping edge in ATRA treated cells, but only 1 or 2 rows in the control. The augm ent effect was observed 24 hours after each concentration ATRA treatment, and la sted till 72 hours after treatment with 1μmol/L and 10μmol/L ATRA. Forty eigh t hours after exposed to 100μmol/L ATRA, the enhancement of GJIC was less obvi ous. There was no significant increase induced by ATRA on the transcription of C x43 gene, as demonstrated by semiquantitative RT PCR. Conclusion. ATRA turned out to be a potent enhancer on GJIC function in C6 gliom a cells, and the enhancement effect was most probable at post transcriptional l evel.
文摘Objective To understand the dietary intake levels of trans fatty acids （TFA） in a Chinese population and establish a basis for health risk assessment of trans fatty acids. Methods The TFA contents data of 2613 food items and food consumption data of 10,533 people aged 3 years and above in two large cities in China were matched and a simple assessment method was used to estimate the distribution of dietary TFA intake. Results The mean content of TFA was highest in margarine （1.68±0.83 g/100g）, followed by chocolate and candy （0.89±2.68 g/100g）, edible vegetable oils （0.86±0.82 g/100g）, milk （0.83±1.56 g/100g）, and bakery foods （0.41±0.91 g/100g）. TFA intake accounted for 0.34%, 0.30%, 0.32%, and 0.29% of the total energy intake in the 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, and 〉18 year age groups, respectively. Of the populations studied, 0.42% demonstrated TFA intakes （as percentage of energy intake） greater than 1%. The main sources of dietary TFA intake were edible vegetable oils, milk, mutton, and beef, and baked foods, which accounted for 49.8%, 16.56%, 12.21%, and 8.87%, respectively. Conclusion The current intake of TFA among concern regarding the threshold of TFA intake people in two cities did not appear to be of major health as the percentage of total energy recommended by the World Health Organization. Because most TFA were derived from industrially processed foods, the government should reinforce nutrition labeling and regulate food producers to further reduce TFA in food and to provide scientific instruction for consumers to make sound choices.
基金provided by Mary Hines and Sheridan Henness of Springer Healthcare Communications,and funded by Gilead Sciences Srl
文摘Chronic hepatitis C(CHC) is the most common indication for liver transplantation(LT). Aggressive treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection before cirrhosis development or decompensation may reduce LT need and risk of HCV recurrence post-LT. Factors associated with increased HCV risk or severity of recurrence include older age, immunosuppression, HCV genotype 1 and high viral load at LT. HCV recurrence post-LT leads to accelerated liver disease and cirrhosis development with reduced graft and patient survival. Currently, interferon(IFN)-based regimens can be used in dualagent regimens with ribavirin, in triple-agent antiviral strategies with direct-acting antivirals(e.g., protease inhibitors telaprevir or boceprevir), or before transplant in compensated patients to reduce HCV viral load to prevent or reduce the risk of post-LT recurrence and complications; they cannot be used in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. IFN-based regimens are used in less than half of HCV-infected patients waiting for LT due to extremely low efficacy and poor tolerability. However, antiviral therapy is indicated after LT in patients with histologically confirmed CHC despite tolerability issues. Improvements in side effect management have increased survival in patients achieving therapeutic targets. HCV treatment pre- and post-LT results in significant health care costs especially when lack of efficacy leads to disease worsening, although studies have shown sofosbuvir treatment before LT vs conventional post-LT dual antiviral is cost effective. The suboptimal efficacy and tolerability of IFN-based therapies, plus the significant economic burden, means the need for effective and well tolerated IFN-free antiHCV therapy for pre- and post-LT remains high.
文摘Herein we give a theoretical study of the hydrolysis processes of a novel anticancer drug trans-[PtCl2（3-pico）（ipa）] （3-pico=3-methylpyridine, ipa=isopropylamine）. Two different models, model 1 relative to isolated reactant/product （R/P, wherein R=platinum complex＋H2O, P=platinum complex＋Cl^-） and model 2 relative to reactant complex/product complex （RC/PC, wherein RC=（platinum complex）（H2O）, PC=（platinum complex）（CI^-） are employed and the geometric structures are optimized at the B3LYP level of DFT method. It is found that the processes of the reactions follow the established theory for ligand substitution in square planar complexes; the geometries of the transition states （TS） agree with the previous related work and all of the reactions are endothermic. The effects originating from the inclusion of the attacking water/released chloride into the second coordination shell of platinum in RC/PC play an important role in the thermodynamic and kinetic profiles of the reactions, that is, the barrier heights of the reactions of model 2 are increased by -26.3 and -23.8 kJ/mol for step1 and step2 respectively, and the endothermicity is considerably decreased by -420.5 and -771.2 kJ/mol compared to model 1 in the gas phase. The consideration of the bulk solvation effects increase the barrier heights for both steps of model 1 by -27.6 and -6.7 kJ/mol respectively, whereas it reduces the barrier heights by -7.9 and -29.3 kJ/mol for model 2. The reaction energies are all decreased, especially for model i, indicating more stable complexes solvated in the bulk aqueous solution than in the gas phase. Additionally, to get an accurate energy picture of the title complex, the relative free energies derived from the DFT-SCRF （density functional theory self-consistent field） calculations are compared with the relative total energies. The results are that activation energies rise for the first hydrolysis and fall for the second hydrolysis for all the systems, and for all the systems, the barrier height of the second hydrolysis is always higher than that of the first step. The rate constants indicate that transplatin analogue is kinetically comparable to cisplatin and its analogue in the hydrolysis process.
文摘Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of Trans FA (TFA) in edible oil samples consumed in Tehran, Iran analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). The mean of total TFA was 0.45% ranging from (0.11% - 1.61%) for liquid frying oils and 2.92% ranging from (0.46% - 5.40%) for solid oils. The major TFA observed in these two groups was elaidic acid in solid oils. The highest content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was detected in solid oils with average of 32.07 and palmitic acid was the major SFA in these four groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid are the most important poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The variance in the percentage of TFA in the edible oils probably resulted from differences in the type of oils, quality, heating, processing technique and storage condition of the edible oils. The results indicated that, edible oils contain considerable proportions of trans fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to assess the content of TFA in edible oils in Iran.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60772023by the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment under Grant No. BUAA-SKLSDE-09KF-04+1 种基金Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2005CB321901by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant Nos. 20060006024 and 200800130006, Chinese Ministry of Education
文摘This paper is to investigate a variable-coefficient modified Kortweg-de Vries （vc-mKdV） model, which describes some situations from fluid mechanics, ocean dynamics, and plasma mechanics. By the AblowRz-Kaup-NewellSegur procedure and symbolic computation, the Lax pair of the vc-MKdV model is derived. Then, based on the aforementioned Lax pair, the Darboux transformation is constructed and a new one-soliton-like solution is obtained as weft Features of the one-soliton-like solution are analyzed and graphically discussed to illustrate the influence of the variable coefficients in the solitonlike propagation.
文摘This research is to explore the approaches to translating similes and metaphors in TCM works into English based on the translation principles and methods suggested by foreign translators.Through the analysis,conclusions are drawn:①The principle of making sense should be emphasized,since TCM works mainly concentrate on conveying the objective information about human’s physical conditions during diagnosis and therapy.②Literal translation approach can be applied in translating similes to describe the symptoms and signs of the patients.③The translation of metaphors is more complicated.They can be converted into the form of similes or with certain explanations to achieve the comprehensibility of the target language.And some images can be left out from the metaphors or necessary explanations added to make them comprehensible to English readers.
文摘Professor Wang Rongpei has put forward the translation principle—"faithful in meaning and vivid in description"and put it into use. Through a series of analysis and contrast of different versions, this essay would prove the rationality of Professor Wang Rongpei's translation principle.
文摘" Functional Equivalence Theory" , including Dynamic Equivalence and Formal Equivalence two parts, was first put forward by an American translator , Nida, Eugene A. This theory makes it available for readers of translation feel the same way as those of the origi nal. This theory has become the highest standard in Business Letter Translation in consideration of features of business letters, like normaliz ing, pries word, sample pattern, tactful tone, and its different functions like providing information, communicating and so on. However, be cause of the differences between Chinese culture and foreign cultures, there are some situations need special treatments. This paper does some study in the Functional Equivalence Theory and its application in Business Letter Translation. Finally, the paper educe the conclusion as: This theory has feasibility and constructive function in Business Letter Translation. However, this theory should be abounded and im proved ceaselessly in practice, since it still have some shortages.
文摘Movie is a popular art which occupies an important position in people's leisure time. Movie title,as the most direct and accessible tool for audience to know about the movie,is very significant to attract audience into the cinema. Therefore,the translation of movie title cannot be ignored. However,due to the cultural differences in Chinese and English culture,the problem of movie title translation is obvious which needs to be paid attention to the translation and people working in movie industry.Traditional translation theory puts more emphasis on the important and authoritative status of original text and author. But this notion cannot satisfy the needs of movie title translation to the largest extent. Movie is not only a cultural and linguistic product,it also is a special commercial product. The ultimate objective of movie is to allure the audience into the cinema to watch and appreciate it in addition to provide the cultural information. Reception aesthetics,as a theory of literary criticism,gives priority to readers' role in literary understanding and interpretation. According to reception aesthetics,the horizon of expectation should be taken into consideration when the translation work begins to be done. Horizon of expectation is composed of the readers' or audiences' previous cultural norms,assumptions,and criteria in the source language and culture at a given time. Movie title,as a special text,is also understood and influenced by the audience's horizon of expectation. Chinese audience,before they decide to watch a movie,are naturally harbor their horizon of expectation about the movie. They will form their judgment and assumptions about the genre,plot,story,background about the movie from the movie title. These kind of horizon of expectation will consequently influence their ultimate decision to watch the movie or not. Hence,in doing the movie title translation,the translator is supposed to keep the audience's horizon of expectation in mind and try his utmost to achieve the fusion of expectation. In this way,the comparatively satisfactory version is likely to come into being and finally will live up to the audience's expectations. As a result,from the perspective of reception aesthetics,the author proposes three feasible translation methods of movie title: literal translation,free translation and adaptation.
