目的研究益气活血复方对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)Toll样受体4(TLR4)及其下游信号转导通路元件髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子-6(TRAF-6)、Toll样受体相关分子(TRAM)、Toll样受体相关的干扰素活化子...目的研究益气活血复方对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)Toll样受体4(TLR4)及其下游信号转导通路元件髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子-6(TRAF-6)、Toll样受体相关分子(TRAM)、Toll样受体相关的干扰素活化子(TRIF)表达的影响,探讨益气活血复方含药血清防治动脉粥样硬化(AS)的机制。方法选择新西兰大耳白兔20只,随机分为4组,即正常组、中药高浓度组、中药中浓度组、中药低浓度组,每组5只。以上各组白兔分别以生理盐水和高、中、低浓度益气活血复方连续灌胃7d。末次灌胃给药2h后,心脏采血,离心后分离血清。体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,用LPS刺激后,分别加入高、中、低浓度益气活血复方含药血清干预24h,收集细胞,用Real ti me PCR方法测定TLR4、MyD88、TRAF-6、TRAM及TRIF mRNA的表达。结果用LPS刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞后,引起TLR4、MyD88、TRAF-6、TRAM及TRIF mRNA的高表达(与空白对照组比较,P<0.01),用益气活血复方含药血清干预以后显著抑制TLR4、MyD88及TRAF-6 mRNA的高表达(与模型组比较P<0.05或P<0.01),对TRAM及TRIF作用不明显。结论益气活血复方可阻断TLR4高表达,同时阻断TLR4胞内信号转导的MyD88依赖性途径,而对MyD88非依赖性途径作用不明显,因此益气活血复方主要是通过阻断MyD88依赖性途径来发挥其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。展开更多
干旱会直接影响水稻的生长发育,导致其产量和品质下降。在水稻中异源表达细菌RNA分子伴侣Csp能够显著提高水稻的耐旱能力,并且不影响水稻的正常生长。古菌中也发现具有类似细菌分子伴侣Csp功能的TRAM (TRM2 and MiaB)蛋白,且古菌的DNA...干旱会直接影响水稻的生长发育,导致其产量和品质下降。在水稻中异源表达细菌RNA分子伴侣Csp能够显著提高水稻的耐旱能力,并且不影响水稻的正常生长。古菌中也发现具有类似细菌分子伴侣Csp功能的TRAM (TRM2 and MiaB)蛋白,且古菌的DNA复制、转录和翻译等过程与真核生物有着更为相似的调控方式,然而,古菌中RNA分子伴侣蛋白能否调控植物耐旱能力还未见报道。我们选取了嗜冷甲烷古菌Methanolobus psychrophilus R15中两个TRAM蛋白在水稻中进行研究,发现在水稻中过量表达Mpsy3066和Mpsy0643两个TRAM蛋白均能显著提高水稻苗期和成株期时对干旱胁迫的耐受能力。同时,我们在水稻原生质体中验证了TRAM蛋白可以发挥其分子伴侣的功能消除RNA的错误折叠对翻译的影响,这可能是TRAM转基因植物发挥其耐旱能力的作用机制。该工作初步展示了异源表达古菌TRAMs可以作为提高水稻耐旱能力的一种有效手段。展开更多
This review summarizes the general developments of the operational mesoscale model system based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Monsoon Model (GRAPES-TMM) at the Guangzhou Regional M...This review summarizes the general developments of the operational mesoscale model system based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Monsoon Model (GRAPES-TMM) at the Guangzhou Regional Meteorological Center. GRAPES-TMM consists of the Tropical Regional Atmospheric Model System for the South China Sea (TRAMS, a typhoon model with a horizontal resolution of 9 km), the Mesoscale Atmospheric Regional Model System (MARS, 3km) and the fine-scale Rapid Update Cycling (RUC, 1km) forecasting system. The main advances of model dynamical core and physical processes are summarized, including the development of the 3D reference atmosphere scheme, the coupling scheme between dynamics and model physics, the calculation of nonlinear terms by fractional steps, the gravity wave drag scheme induced by sub-grid orography and a simplified model for landsurface scheme. The progress of model applications is reviewed and evaluated. The results show that the updated 9-3-1forecasting system provides an overall improved performance on the weather forecasting in south China, especially for typhoon-genesis and typhoon-track forecasting as well as short-range weather forecasting. Capabilities and limitations as well as the future development of the forecasting system are also discussed.展开更多
宿主因子TRAM1(translocation-associated membrane protein 1,TRAM1)是一种参与I型膜蛋白质分解的蛋白,通过升高含量来缓解内质网(ER)在应激时的压力。前期研究发现,鸭呼肠孤病毒(duck reovirus,DRV)感染原代鸭成纤维细胞后,TRAM1宿主...宿主因子TRAM1(translocation-associated membrane protein 1,TRAM1)是一种参与I型膜蛋白质分解的蛋白,通过升高含量来缓解内质网(ER)在应激时的压力。前期研究发现,鸭呼肠孤病毒(duck reovirus,DRV)感染原代鸭成纤维细胞后,TRAM1宿主因子变化异常。为确定宿主细胞TRAM1因子与DRV非结构蛋白σNS是否存在相互作用以及相互作用对DRV复制的影响,本实验首先表达σNS蛋白,通过GST融合蛋白沉降技术(GST pull-down)发现TRAM1蛋白与σNS蛋白在细胞外存在相互作用;通过免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation,Co-IP)试验证实二者在细胞内存在相互作用。过表达TRAM1能够从转录水平抑制DRVσNS的表达,而抑制TRAM1提高σNS的转录水平。本研究为进一步分析σNS蛋白在DRV复制过程中的功能以及为σNS蛋白与宿主因子TRAM1互作对DRV复制的影响提供试验依据。展开更多
文摘目的研究益气活血复方对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)Toll样受体4(TLR4)及其下游信号转导通路元件髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子-6(TRAF-6)、Toll样受体相关分子(TRAM)、Toll样受体相关的干扰素活化子(TRIF)表达的影响,探讨益气活血复方含药血清防治动脉粥样硬化(AS)的机制。方法选择新西兰大耳白兔20只,随机分为4组,即正常组、中药高浓度组、中药中浓度组、中药低浓度组,每组5只。以上各组白兔分别以生理盐水和高、中、低浓度益气活血复方连续灌胃7d。末次灌胃给药2h后,心脏采血,离心后分离血清。体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,用LPS刺激后,分别加入高、中、低浓度益气活血复方含药血清干预24h,收集细胞,用Real ti me PCR方法测定TLR4、MyD88、TRAF-6、TRAM及TRIF mRNA的表达。结果用LPS刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞后,引起TLR4、MyD88、TRAF-6、TRAM及TRIF mRNA的高表达(与空白对照组比较,P<0.01),用益气活血复方含药血清干预以后显著抑制TLR4、MyD88及TRAF-6 mRNA的高表达(与模型组比较P<0.05或P<0.01),对TRAM及TRIF作用不明显。结论益气活血复方可阻断TLR4高表达,同时阻断TLR4胞内信号转导的MyD88依赖性途径,而对MyD88非依赖性途径作用不明显,因此益气活血复方主要是通过阻断MyD88依赖性途径来发挥其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1506901)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41505084)Program of Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province (201804020038)。
文摘This review summarizes the general developments of the operational mesoscale model system based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Monsoon Model (GRAPES-TMM) at the Guangzhou Regional Meteorological Center. GRAPES-TMM consists of the Tropical Regional Atmospheric Model System for the South China Sea (TRAMS, a typhoon model with a horizontal resolution of 9 km), the Mesoscale Atmospheric Regional Model System (MARS, 3km) and the fine-scale Rapid Update Cycling (RUC, 1km) forecasting system. The main advances of model dynamical core and physical processes are summarized, including the development of the 3D reference atmosphere scheme, the coupling scheme between dynamics and model physics, the calculation of nonlinear terms by fractional steps, the gravity wave drag scheme induced by sub-grid orography and a simplified model for landsurface scheme. The progress of model applications is reviewed and evaluated. The results show that the updated 9-3-1forecasting system provides an overall improved performance on the weather forecasting in south China, especially for typhoon-genesis and typhoon-track forecasting as well as short-range weather forecasting. Capabilities and limitations as well as the future development of the forecasting system are also discussed.
