Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts ...Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant risk factor for diabetes,particularly type 2 diabetes.However,depressive symptoms differ from clinical depression.Previous research has not fully considered the relationship betw...BACKGROUND Depression is a significant risk factor for diabetes,particularly type 2 diabetes.However,depressive symptoms differ from clinical depression.Previous research has not fully considered the relationship between the trajectory of depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes over time.AIM To investigate the association between depressive symptoms,their trajectories,and the risk of developing diabetes in two prospective cohort studies.METHODS In the first phase we analyzed the association between depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes separately using the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Depressive symptom trajectories were assessed by examining changes in depressive symptoms at baseline and again 8 years later.We then identified specific depressive symptom trajectories that increased the risk of diabetes in the second phase.Finally,we confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and their trajectories with diabetes risk using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)as a validation study.Depressive symptom trajectories were categorized into five states based on changes in the modified 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scores:Persistently high;increasing;fluctuating;decreasing;and persistently low.Diabetes mellitus was defined as self-reported,physician-diagnosed diabetes.Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios(HR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI),adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS In the first phase a total of 27658 participants were included(HRS:18633,ELSA:9025),among whom 6582 had depressive symptoms(HRS:4547,ELSA:2035),6407 had somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:4414,ELSA:1993),and 26415 had cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:17755,ELSA:8660).We found that overall depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.18,95%CI:1.03-1.34)and somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.25,95%CI:1.10-1.42)increased the risk of diabetes,while cognitive depressive symptoms were not associated with diabetes risk.Over an 8-year follow-up we identified 19729 trajectories of overall,somatic,and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:13918,ELSA:5811).In the second phase we found that persistently high(HRS:HR=1.22,95%CI:1.06-1.40,ELSA:HR=1.54,95%CI:1.16-2.05 in total and HRS:HR=1.24,95%CI:1.07-1.43,ELSA:HR=1.79,95%CI:1.36-2.35 in somatic)and fluctuating(HRS:HR=1.09,95%CI:1.01-1.17,ELSA:HR=1.33,95%CI:1.14-1.55 in total and HRS:HR=1.10,95%CI:1.02-1.18,ELSA:HR=1.31,95%CI:1.13-1.53 in somatic)trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while increasing trajectories may also raise diabetes risk.However,decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.Cognitive-affective depressive symptoms showed no association with diabetes risk regardless of trajectory changes.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the findings.CONCLUSION Persistently high and fluctuating trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.In contrast trajectories of cognitiveaffective depressive symptoms show no relationship with diabetes risk.Focusing on depressive symptom trajectories,particularly those of somatic depressive symptoms,represented a viable strategy for future diabetes prevention.展开更多
This study sought to analyze the occupational habits of immigrant workers in the formal Brazilian labor market from a sociological perspective.It was understood that a study on occupation should observe professional a...This study sought to analyze the occupational habits of immigrant workers in the formal Brazilian labor market from a sociological perspective.It was understood that a study on occupation should observe professional and employment history,which may include an analysis over time of workers in the same profession or in periods of professional mobility.In order to understand occupational trajectories and related aspects,this study used data that were collected through semi-structured interviews and surveys with immigrant workers who were employed in the Brazilian formal labor market.The interviews and surveys revealed a strong polarization among the immigrant workers present in Brazil-while a small part holds highly skilled occupations,the majority participate at the base of the productivity hierarchy.展开更多
Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explo...Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explore the trajectories of total sleep duration and PA among middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their impact on CVD risk.Methods This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.12009 adults aged 45 years and older from five waves were included.CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart disease and stroke.We first used groupbased trajectory modeling to identify total sleep duration and PA trajectories from 2011 to 2020,and then employed logistic regression models to analyze their risk for CVD.Results We identified three sleep duration and PA trajectories.The risk of heart disease increased by 33%(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.12-1.53)for the short sleep duration trajectory(vs.moderate sleep duration trajectory),by 40%(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06-1.84)for the high decreasing PA trajectory,and by 20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.42)for the low stable PA trajectory(vs.high stable PA trajectory),respectively.Similar results for stroke and CVD as the outcomes were also observed,but the higher risk of stroke in the high decreasing PA trajectory group was not statistically significant.The joint effects of sleep and PA showed lower risks of heart disease and stroke in trajectories with moderate or long sleep duration and high stable PA compared with short sleep duration and a low stable PA trajectory.Conclusions Short total sleep duration,high decreasing PA,and low stable PA trajectories could increase the risk of CVDs among middle-aged and older adults.Long-term moderate to long total sleep durations and high stable PA trajectories might be optimal for preventing CVDs.展开更多
The growth trajectory of hailstones within clouds has remained elusive due to the inability to trace them directly,impeding the comprehension of their underlying growth mechanisms.This study investigated hailstone ver...The growth trajectory of hailstones within clouds has remained elusive due to the inability to trace them directly,impeding the comprehension of their underlying growth mechanisms.This study investigated hailstone vertical growth trajectories by detecting the stable isotope signatures(2H and 18O compositions)of different shells in 27 hailstones from 9hailstorms,which allowed us to capture the ambient temperature during hailstone growth.The vertical growth trajectories were obtained by comparing the isotopic compositions of water condensate in clouds,derived from the Adiabatic Model,with those measured in hailstones.Although hailstone growth was primarily observed in the–10°C to–30°C temperature layer,the embryo formation height and subsequent growth trajectories significantly varied among hailstones.Embryos formed over a wide range of temperatures(–8.7°C to–33.4°C);four originated at temperatures above–15°C and 16originated at temperatures below–20°C,suggesting ice nuclei composed of bioproteins and mineral dust,respectively.Among the 27 measured hailstones,3 exhibited minimal vertical movement,16 exhibited a monotonic rise or fall,and the remaining 8 exhibited alternating up-down trajectories;only one experienced“recycling”during up-down drifting.Trajectory analysis revealed that similar-sized hailstones from a single storm tended to form at similar heights,whereas those larger than 25 mm in diameter exhibited at least one period of upward growth.Vertical trajectories derived from isotopic analysis were corroborated by radar hydrometeor observations.展开更多
Background:Infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN)is a highly morbid local complication following necrotizing pancreatitis.Early enteral nutrition has been proven to be effective in preventing IPN.This study aimed to assess...Background:Infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN)is a highly morbid local complication following necrotizing pancreatitis.Early enteral nutrition has been proven to be effective in preventing IPN.This study aimed to assess the association between the trajectory of prealbumin(PAB)during the early phase of acute pancreatitis(AP)and the incidence of IPN and other clinical outcomes.Methods:This retrospective,dual-centered study screened patients with AP admitted to the Center of Acute Pancreatitis,Jinling Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022.The PAB levels during the first week after admission were collected.The primary outcome was the incidence of IPN within 90 days after AP onset.Group-based trajectory modelling was performed to describe the trajectory of PAB levels over time.A Cox proportional hazard model was used to facilitate the interpretation of the time-varying hazard ratio(HR)between PAB and outcomes.Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard model was adopted for sensitivity analysis.Results:A total of 373 patients were included,of whom 82(22.0%)were diagnosed with IPN within 90 days.The trajectory model assigned 232 patients to the low-level PAB(L-PAB)group and 141 to the high-level PAB(H-PAB)group.The incidence of 90-day IPN in the L-PAB group was significantly higher than that in the H-PAB group(26.7%vs.14.2%,P=0.005).The multivariate Cox regression model showed that a high PAB trajectory was associated with a lower incidence of IPN(HR=0.52,95%CI:0.30-0.89;P=0.017)after adjustment for potential confounders.In the sensitivity analysis,taking death as a com-peting risk,high PAB trajectory remained significantly associated with a lower incidence of IPN in the Fine-Gray model(HR=0.55,95%CI:0.33-0.92;P=0.022).Conclusions:A high PAB trajectory within the first week of AP was significantly associated with a lower incidence of IPN within 90 days after AP onset.Dynamic monitoring of PAB levels in the early phase of AP may play an important role in stratifying patients at high risk of developing IPN.展开更多
With the advantage of high light intensity due to low scatting, structural colors generated by metallic diffraction nanograting structures, used as a type of diffractive optical element, have shown great potential for...With the advantage of high light intensity due to low scatting, structural colors generated by metallic diffraction nanograting structures, used as a type of diffractive optical element, have shown great potential for application in industrial and scientific research fields such as optical anti-counterfeiting and sensors. Within the visible light wavelength range, the diffraction performance is highly dependent on the height and shape consistencies of the nanograting. However, there is still room for the improvement in the flexible control over structure formation through mechanical nanomachining within this scale. The novelty of this paper lies in proposing a machining strategy for nanograting structures with variable heights through precise regulation of the revolving trajectory using tip-based nano down-milling. It explores how different geometric features of trajectories impact the amount of material deformed into a grating and its distribution shape, referred to as undeformed grating area. By analyzing the forming mechanisms of nanogratings under various trajectories with finite element simulation, the desired undeformed grating area is successfully achieved, which is mainly extruded by the tip flank face to form the right facet of the grating, resulting in a small deformation degree and a high deformation efficiency. Three distinct types of revolving trajectories are filtered out according to five quantitative evaluation indicators for machining performance, namely material plastic deformation, grating profile consistency, grating height consistency, machining forces, and area transforming height, and then are compared in processing nanogratings with different heights. It is obtained that only by regulating the vertical vibration amplitude of the revolving trajectory, the semicircle trajectory with the optimal geometric features has the ability to machine high-quality nanograting structures with a continuous height variation of up to 220 nm in a spacing of 400 nm.展开更多
Dynamic soaring,inspired by the wind-riding flight of birds such as albatrosses,is a biomimetic technique which leverages wind fields to enhance the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Achieving a precise soar...Dynamic soaring,inspired by the wind-riding flight of birds such as albatrosses,is a biomimetic technique which leverages wind fields to enhance the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Achieving a precise soaring trajectory is crucial for maximizing energy efficiency during flight.Existing nonlinear programming methods are heavily dependent on the choice of initial values which is hard to determine.Therefore,this paper introduces a deep reinforcement learning method based on a differentially flat model for dynamic soaring trajectory planning and optimization.Initially,the gliding trajectory is parameterized using Fourier basis functions,achieving a flexible trajectory representation with a minimal number of hyperparameters.Subsequently,the trajectory optimization problem is formulated as a dynamic interactive process of Markov decision-making.The hyperparameters of the trajectory are optimized using the Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO2)algorithm from deep reinforcement learning(DRL),reducing the strong reliance on initial value settings in the optimization process.Finally,a comparison between the proposed method and the nonlinear programming method reveals that the trajectory generated by the proposed approach is smoother while meeting the same performance requirements.Specifically,the proposed method achieves a 34%reduction in maximum thrust,a 39.4%decrease in maximum thrust difference,and a 33%reduction in maximum airspeed difference.展开更多
To predict the lithium-ion(Li-ion)battery degradation trajectory in the early phase,arranging the maintenance of battery energy storage systems is of great importance.However,under different operation conditions,Li-io...To predict the lithium-ion(Li-ion)battery degradation trajectory in the early phase,arranging the maintenance of battery energy storage systems is of great importance.However,under different operation conditions,Li-ion batteries present distinct degradation patterns,and it is challenging to capture negligible capacity fade in early cycles.Despite the data-driven method showing promising performance,insufficient data is still a big issue since the ageing experiments on the batteries are too slow and expensive.In this study,we proposed twin autoencoders integrated into a two-stage method to predict the early cycles'degradation trajectories.The two-stage method can properly predict the degradation from course to fine.The twin autoencoders serve as a feature extractor and a synthetic data generator,respectively.Ultimately,a learning procedure based on the long-short term memory(LSTM)network is designed to hybridize the learning process between the real and synthetic data.The performance of the proposed method is verified on three datasets,and the experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve accurate predictions compared to its competitors.展开更多
Given the heightened competition for water in energy,food,and the environment in Africa,it is essential to implement sound integrated plans for basin or regional sustainable development.Zambezi River Basin(ZRB),one of...Given the heightened competition for water in energy,food,and the environment in Africa,it is essential to implement sound integrated plans for basin or regional sustainable development.Zambezi River Basin(ZRB),one of the least developed basins in the world,is under development with great ambition for hydropower and irrigation infrastructure.Here,we proposed a framework to assess different water usage trajectories for agricultural and hydropower development scenarios with data derived from big earth data method.Three future scenarios were set for irrigaiton expansion and development hydropower construction according to current plan,global average and high level,respectively.Using spatial analysis methods,average evapotranspiration(ET)difference before and after irrigation expansion and reservoir construction was used to estimate water usage trajectories.Results show that the total available water resource for ZRB is estimated as 111.8 km3.Due to irrigation and reservoirs construction,additional annual water consumption is estimated to be 0.9 and 14.2 km3 for 2017,respectively.By analyzing the water-energy-food-environment(WEFE)nexus given water availability constraints,we found that the water development boundary in the ZRB could support increases in both irrigation proportion and dam density to global average levels of 20%and 0.56/104 km2,respectively,without degrading the environment.The proposed paradigm for assessing water resources has the potential to endow the ZRB with significant capacity to support the achievement of relevant Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).展开更多
We present a formulation of the single-trajectory entropy using the trajectories ensemble. The single-trajectory entropy is affected by its surrounding trajectories via the distribution function. The single-trajectory...We present a formulation of the single-trajectory entropy using the trajectories ensemble. The single-trajectory entropy is affected by its surrounding trajectories via the distribution function. The single-trajectory entropies are studied in two typical potentials, i.e., harmonic potential and double-well potential, and in viscous environment by interacting trajectory method. The results of the trajectory methods are in agreement well with the numerical methods(Monte Carlo simulation and difference equation). The single-trajectory entropies increasing(decreasing) could be caused by absorption(emission) heat from(to) the thermal environment. Also, some interesting trajectories, which correspond to the rare evens in the processes, are demonstrated.展开更多
BACKGROUND The measurement of triceps skinfold(TSF)thickness serves as a noninvasive metric for evaluating subcutaneous fat distribution.Despite its clinical utility,the TSF thickness trajectories and their correlatio...BACKGROUND The measurement of triceps skinfold(TSF)thickness serves as a noninvasive metric for evaluating subcutaneous fat distribution.Despite its clinical utility,the TSF thickness trajectories and their correlation with overall mortality have not been thoroughly investigated.AIM To explore TSF thickness trajectories of Chinese adults and to examine their associations with all-cause mortality.METHODS This study encompassed a cohort of 14747 adults sourced from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.Latent class trajectory modeling was employed to identify distinct trajectories of TSF thickness.Subjects were classified into subgroups reflective of their respective TSF thickness trajectory.We utilized multivariate Cox regression analyses and mediation examinations to explore the link between TSF thickness trajectory and overall mortality,including contributory factors.RESULTS Upon adjustment for multiple confounding factors,we discerned that males in the‘Class 2:Thin-stable’and‘Class 3:Thin-moderate’TSF thickness trajectories exhibited a markedly reduced risk of mortality from all causes in comparison to the‘Class 1:Extremely thin’subgroup.In the mediation analyses,the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index was found to be a partial intermediary in the relationship between TSF thickness trajectories and mortality.For females,a lower TSF thickness pattern was significantly predictive of elevated all-cause mortality risk exclusively within the non-elderly cohort.CONCLUSION In males and non-elderly females,lower TSF thickness trajectories are significantly predictive of heightened mortality risk,independent of single-point TSF thickness,body mass index,and waist circumference.展开更多
Deep storage tunnels(DSTs)are used in densely urbanized areas to relieve stormwater collection systems,thereby reducing urban floods and runoff pollution,due to their substantial storage capacity.The computation of th...Deep storage tunnels(DSTs)are used in densely urbanized areas to relieve stormwater collection systems,thereby reducing urban floods and runoff pollution,due to their substantial storage capacity.The computation of the hydraulic characteristics and flow trajectories of DSTs under rapid filling scenarios can help to predict sediment deposition and pollutant accumulation associated with the stored runoff,as well as the likelihood of operational problems,such as excessive surging.However,such assessments are complicated by various inflow scenarios encountered in tunnel systems during their operation.In this study,the Suzhou River DST in China is selected as a study case.Particles were tracked,and hydraulic analysis was conducted with scaled model experiments and numerical models.The flow field,particle movement,air‒water phase,and pressure patterns in the DST were simulated under various one-and two-sided inflow scenarios.The results showed that with regards to the design conditions involving two-sided inflows,flow reversals occurred with stepwise increases in the water surface and pressure.In contrast,this phenomenon was not observed under the one-sided inflow scenario.Under the asymmetric two-sided inflow scenarios,water inflows led to particle accumulation near the shaft,reducing the received inflows.However,under the symmetric inflow conditions,particles were concentrated near the middle of the tunnel.Compared to those under the symmetric inflow scenario,asymmetric inflow caused surface wave and entrapped air reductions.This study could provide support for regulation of the inflow of the Suzhou River DST and for prediction of sediment and pollutant accumulation.展开更多
Abstract This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization （PSO） to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation. The velocity- dependent bank a...Abstract This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization （PSO） to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation. The velocity- dependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm. The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values. The PSO algo- rithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function. Furthermore, the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles. Numerical sim ulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.展开更多
Intersections are quite important and complex traffic scenarios,where the future motion of surrounding vehicles is an indispensable reference factor for the decision-making or path planning of autonomous vehicles.Cons...Intersections are quite important and complex traffic scenarios,where the future motion of surrounding vehicles is an indispensable reference factor for the decision-making or path planning of autonomous vehicles.Considering that the motion trajectory of a vehicle at an intersection partly obeys the statistical law of historical data once its driving intention is determined,this paper proposes a long short-term memory based(LSTM-based)framework that combines intention prediction and trajectory prediction together.First,we build an intersection prior trajectories model(IPTM)by clustering and statistically analyzing a large number of prior traffic flow trajectories.The prior trajectories model with fitted probabilistic density is used to approximate the distribution of the predicted trajectory,and also serves as a reference for credibility evaluation.Second,we conduct the intention prediction through another LSTM model and regard it as a crucial cue for a trajectory forecast at the early stage.Furthermore,the predicted intention is also a key that is associated with the prior trajectories model.The proposed framework is validated on two publically released datasets,next generation simulation(NGSIM)and INTERACTION.Compared with other prediction methods,our framework is able to sample a trajectory from the estimated distribution,with its accuracy improved by about 20%.Finally,the credibility evaluation,which is based on the prior trajectories model,makes the framework more practical in the real-world applications.展开更多
By mining of the requirements of lots of electric vehicle users for charging piles, this paper proposes the charging pile siting algorithm via the fusion of Points of Interest and vehicle trajectories. The proposed al...By mining of the requirements of lots of electric vehicle users for charging piles, this paper proposes the charging pile siting algorithm via the fusion of Points of Interest and vehicle trajectories. The proposed algorithm computes appropriate charging pile locations by: 1) mining user Points of Interest from social network; 2) mining parking sites of vehicle form GPS trajectories and 3) fusing the Points of Interest and parking sites together then clustering the fusions with our improved DBSCAN algorithm, whose clustering results indicates the final appropriate charging pile locations. Experimental results show that our proposed methods are more efficient than existing methods.展开更多
Both the shelf-edge trajectories and slope morphology are indicative of deep-water sedimentation, but previous studies are relatively independent from each other in the two dimensions. An integrated investigation can ...Both the shelf-edge trajectories and slope morphology are indicative of deep-water sedimentation, but previous studies are relatively independent from each other in the two dimensions. An integrated investigation can enhance the understanding of deep-water sedimentary systems and enrich reservoir prediction methods. Based on the bathymetry data and seismic data published, this study identified ten slope areas at the continental margin of East Africa and classified the clinoforms into three types: concave-up, sigmoidal and planar. Combined with the distribution of main modern rivers in East Africa, nine modern source-to-sink systems were identified and the catchment area is positively correlated with the size of the shelf-edge delta. It is found that the slope morphology of East Africa is closely related to the geological setting, sediment supply and sediment transport pathway in submarine canyon of passive continental margin. When the sediment supply is stable, the concave-up slopes are dominated by the river-associated and shelf-incising canyons and the sigmoidal slopes are determined by the headless canyons. There exists a strong coupling relationship between the shelf-edge trajectories and slope morphology. In general, concave-up slopes correspond to descending trend, flat and low-angle ascending trend shelf-edge trajectories and high-quality reservoirs developed on the basin floor under the influence of river-associated and shelf-incising canyons which have bright prospects for oil and gas exploration. Additionally, sigmoidal slopes usually correspond to descending trend, flat and low-angle ascending trend shelf-edge trajectories at times of relative sea-level fall and the reservoirs mostly developed on the upper slope under the influence of headless canyons. Moreover, the planar slopes correspond to high-angle ascending trend trajectories which are hardly potential for exploration. The coupling model built in this study will provide an insight for oil and gas exploration in deep-water areas with limited data and low exploration degree.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs remain the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment;however,their effectiveness has been questioned,and it is not possible to predict the response to a specific antipsychotic drug in an indiv...BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs remain the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment;however,their effectiveness has been questioned,and it is not possible to predict the response to a specific antipsychotic drug in an individual patient.Thus,it is important to compare the effectiveness of the various antipsychotics and search for possible response predictors.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs,we examined response trajectories and predictors for belonging to different trajectory groups.METHODS The Bergen-Stavanger-Innsbruck-Trondheim(BeSt InTro)trial compared the effectiveness of three atypical antipsychotics-amisulpride,aripiprazole,and olanzapine-in a prospective,semirandomized,rater-blind,head-to-head design.Adult participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnosis,according to international classification of diseases,Tenth Revision(ICD-10)F20–29,were included.Participants were followed for a period of 12 mo,with assessments at baseline;after one,three and six weeks;and after three,six,nine and 12 mo.A latent class mixed model was fitted to our data.The three-trajectory model based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)total score reduction was found to have adequate fit,and the study drugs,as well as various demographic and clinical parameters,were tested as predictors for belonging to the different trajectory groups.RESULTS Overall,144 participants were included,and 41%completed the 12-mo study period.The largest trajectory group,consisting of 74%of participants,showed a PANSS total score reduction of 59%from baseline to 12 mo(Good response group).A trajectory group comprising 13%of participants had their PANSS total score reduced by 82.5%at 12 mo(Strong response group),while the last response trajectory group comprising 13%of the participants had a PANSS total score reduction of 13.6%(Slight response group).The largest part of the total reduction for the Good and Strong response groups occurred at six weeks of treatment,amounting to 45%and 48%reductions from baseline,respectively.The use of amisulpride predicted belonging to the Strong response group,while unemployment,depression,and negative psychotic symptoms at baseline increased the chance of belonging to the Slight response group,indicating a poor response to antipsychotic drug treatment.CONCLUSION Most of the participants(87%)had a good outcome after one year.Amisulpride users,more often than aripiprazole and olanzapine users,belonged to the response trajectory group with a strong response.展开更多
The important features of the rescattering trajectories in strong field ionization process such as the cutoff of the return energy at 3.17Up and that of the final energy at 10Up are obtained, based on the adiabatic ap...The important features of the rescattering trajectories in strong field ionization process such as the cutoff of the return energy at 3.17Up and that of the final energy at 10Up are obtained, based on the adiabatic approximation in which the initial momentum of the electron is assumed to be zero. We theoretically study the nonadiabatic effect by assuming a nonzero initial momentum on the rescattering trajectories based on the semiclassical simpleman model. We show that the nonzero initial momentum will modify both the maximal return energy at collision and the final energy after backward scattering, but in different ways for odd and even number of return trajectories. The energies are increased for even number of returns but are decreased for odd number of returns when the nonzero （positive or negative） initial momentum is applied.展开更多
With the rapid increase of the amount of vehicles in urban areas,the pollution of vehicle emissions is becoming more and more serious.Precise prediction of the spatiotemporal evolution of urban traffic emissions plays...With the rapid increase of the amount of vehicles in urban areas,the pollution of vehicle emissions is becoming more and more serious.Precise prediction of the spatiotemporal evolution of urban traffic emissions plays a great role in urban planning and policy making.Most existing methods usually focus on estimating vehicle emissions at historical or current moments which cannot well meet the demands of future planning.Recent work has started to pay attention to the evolution of vehicle emissions at future moments using multiple attributes related to emissions,however,they are not effective and efficient enough in the combination and utilization of different inputs.To address this issue,we propose a joint framework to predict the future evolution of vehicle emissions based on the GPS trajectories of taxis with a multi-channel spatiotemporal network and the motor vehicle emission simulator(MOVES)model.Specifically,we first estimate the spatial distribution matrices with GPS trajectories through map-matching algorithms.These matrices can reflect the attributes related to the traffic status of road networks such as volume,speed and acceleration.Then,our multi-channel spatiotemporal network is used to efficiently combine three key attributes(volume,speed and acceleration)through the feature sharing mechanism and generate a precise prediction of them in the future period.Finally,we adopt an MOVES model to estimate vehicle emissions by integrating several traffic factors including the predicted traffic states,road networks and the statistical information of urban vehicles.We evaluate our model on the Xi′an taxi GPS trajectories dataset.Experiments show that our proposed network can effectively predict the temporal evolution of vehicle emissions.展开更多
基金Philosophy and Social Science Planning Projects in Yunnan Province,No.QN202428China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2024M752918。
文摘Foreign-funded overseas industrial parks(OIPs)are crucial for attracting foreign investment and promoting globalization in developing countries.However,large-scale land acquisition for these parks generates conflicts between developers and local stakeholders,increasing development costs.A qualitative multicase study was conducted in this study to analyze the land transaction trajectories of China's OIPs.Four OIPs were selected to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of institutional arrangements,governance mechanisms,and enterprise heterogeneity.The findings indicate that in host countries with insufficient institutional development,local governments are more inclined to directly engage in OIP land acquisition.High-level intergovernmental mechanisms facilitate land acquisition processes,although their efficacy depends largely on administrative power allocation across parks in host countries.The results also indicate that enterprise characteristics significantly influence land acquisition,where microscale private enterprises lacking political connections often employ low-cost,bottom-up strategies by leveraging international experience.In summary,policy-makers in developing countries should prioritize enhancing OIP governance to mitigate transaction costs,promote diversified land supply,and optimize land allocation.By depicting China's OIP land acquisition processes,this study deepens the academic understanding of OIP governance in developing countries and related international land transactions,offering practical OIP management insights for governments in both host and parent countries.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a significant risk factor for diabetes,particularly type 2 diabetes.However,depressive symptoms differ from clinical depression.Previous research has not fully considered the relationship between the trajectory of depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes over time.AIM To investigate the association between depressive symptoms,their trajectories,and the risk of developing diabetes in two prospective cohort studies.METHODS In the first phase we analyzed the association between depressive symptoms and the risk of developing diabetes separately using the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Depressive symptom trajectories were assessed by examining changes in depressive symptoms at baseline and again 8 years later.We then identified specific depressive symptom trajectories that increased the risk of diabetes in the second phase.Finally,we confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and their trajectories with diabetes risk using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)as a validation study.Depressive symptom trajectories were categorized into five states based on changes in the modified 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scores:Persistently high;increasing;fluctuating;decreasing;and persistently low.Diabetes mellitus was defined as self-reported,physician-diagnosed diabetes.Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios(HR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI),adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS In the first phase a total of 27658 participants were included(HRS:18633,ELSA:9025),among whom 6582 had depressive symptoms(HRS:4547,ELSA:2035),6407 had somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:4414,ELSA:1993),and 26415 had cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:17755,ELSA:8660).We found that overall depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.18,95%CI:1.03-1.34)and somatic depressive symptoms(HRS:HR=1.14,95%CI:1.07-1.22;ELSA:HR=1.25,95%CI:1.10-1.42)increased the risk of diabetes,while cognitive depressive symptoms were not associated with diabetes risk.Over an 8-year follow-up we identified 19729 trajectories of overall,somatic,and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms(HRS:13918,ELSA:5811).In the second phase we found that persistently high(HRS:HR=1.22,95%CI:1.06-1.40,ELSA:HR=1.54,95%CI:1.16-2.05 in total and HRS:HR=1.24,95%CI:1.07-1.43,ELSA:HR=1.79,95%CI:1.36-2.35 in somatic)and fluctuating(HRS:HR=1.09,95%CI:1.01-1.17,ELSA:HR=1.33,95%CI:1.14-1.55 in total and HRS:HR=1.10,95%CI:1.02-1.18,ELSA:HR=1.31,95%CI:1.13-1.53 in somatic)trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while increasing trajectories may also raise diabetes risk.However,decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.Cognitive-affective depressive symptoms showed no association with diabetes risk regardless of trajectory changes.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the findings.CONCLUSION Persistently high and fluctuating trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of diabetes,while decreasing trajectories were not associated with diabetes risk.In contrast trajectories of cognitiveaffective depressive symptoms show no relationship with diabetes risk.Focusing on depressive symptom trajectories,particularly those of somatic depressive symptoms,represented a viable strategy for future diabetes prevention.
文摘This study sought to analyze the occupational habits of immigrant workers in the formal Brazilian labor market from a sociological perspective.It was understood that a study on occupation should observe professional and employment history,which may include an analysis over time of workers in the same profession or in periods of professional mobility.In order to understand occupational trajectories and related aspects,this study used data that were collected through semi-structured interviews and surveys with immigrant workers who were employed in the Brazilian formal labor market.The interviews and surveys revealed a strong polarization among the immigrant workers present in Brazil-while a small part holds highly skilled occupations,the majority participate at the base of the productivity hierarchy.
基金supported by Peking University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the National Institute on Aging and the World Bank。
文摘Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explore the trajectories of total sleep duration and PA among middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their impact on CVD risk.Methods This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.12009 adults aged 45 years and older from five waves were included.CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart disease and stroke.We first used groupbased trajectory modeling to identify total sleep duration and PA trajectories from 2011 to 2020,and then employed logistic regression models to analyze their risk for CVD.Results We identified three sleep duration and PA trajectories.The risk of heart disease increased by 33%(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.12-1.53)for the short sleep duration trajectory(vs.moderate sleep duration trajectory),by 40%(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06-1.84)for the high decreasing PA trajectory,and by 20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.42)for the low stable PA trajectory(vs.high stable PA trajectory),respectively.Similar results for stroke and CVD as the outcomes were also observed,but the higher risk of stroke in the high decreasing PA trajectory group was not statistically significant.The joint effects of sleep and PA showed lower risks of heart disease and stroke in trajectories with moderate or long sleep duration and high stable PA compared with short sleep duration and a low stable PA trajectory.Conclusions Short total sleep duration,high decreasing PA,and low stable PA trajectories could increase the risk of CVDs among middle-aged and older adults.Long-term moderate to long total sleep durations and high stable PA trajectories might be optimal for preventing CVDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42030607)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.Z251100004525005)the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research,and NASA(Grant No.80NSSC22M0129)。
文摘The growth trajectory of hailstones within clouds has remained elusive due to the inability to trace them directly,impeding the comprehension of their underlying growth mechanisms.This study investigated hailstone vertical growth trajectories by detecting the stable isotope signatures(2H and 18O compositions)of different shells in 27 hailstones from 9hailstorms,which allowed us to capture the ambient temperature during hailstone growth.The vertical growth trajectories were obtained by comparing the isotopic compositions of water condensate in clouds,derived from the Adiabatic Model,with those measured in hailstones.Although hailstone growth was primarily observed in the–10°C to–30°C temperature layer,the embryo formation height and subsequent growth trajectories significantly varied among hailstones.Embryos formed over a wide range of temperatures(–8.7°C to–33.4°C);four originated at temperatures above–15°C and 16originated at temperatures below–20°C,suggesting ice nuclei composed of bioproteins and mineral dust,respectively.Among the 27 measured hailstones,3 exhibited minimal vertical movement,16 exhibited a monotonic rise or fall,and the remaining 8 exhibited alternating up-down trajectories;only one experienced“recycling”during up-down drifting.Trajectory analysis revealed that similar-sized hailstones from a single storm tended to form at similar heights,whereas those larger than 25 mm in diameter exhibited at least one period of upward growth.Vertical trajectories derived from isotopic analysis were corroborated by radar hydrometeor observations.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82470680).
文摘Background:Infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN)is a highly morbid local complication following necrotizing pancreatitis.Early enteral nutrition has been proven to be effective in preventing IPN.This study aimed to assess the association between the trajectory of prealbumin(PAB)during the early phase of acute pancreatitis(AP)and the incidence of IPN and other clinical outcomes.Methods:This retrospective,dual-centered study screened patients with AP admitted to the Center of Acute Pancreatitis,Jinling Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022.The PAB levels during the first week after admission were collected.The primary outcome was the incidence of IPN within 90 days after AP onset.Group-based trajectory modelling was performed to describe the trajectory of PAB levels over time.A Cox proportional hazard model was used to facilitate the interpretation of the time-varying hazard ratio(HR)between PAB and outcomes.Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard model was adopted for sensitivity analysis.Results:A total of 373 patients were included,of whom 82(22.0%)were diagnosed with IPN within 90 days.The trajectory model assigned 232 patients to the low-level PAB(L-PAB)group and 141 to the high-level PAB(H-PAB)group.The incidence of 90-day IPN in the L-PAB group was significantly higher than that in the H-PAB group(26.7%vs.14.2%,P=0.005).The multivariate Cox regression model showed that a high PAB trajectory was associated with a lower incidence of IPN(HR=0.52,95%CI:0.30-0.89;P=0.017)after adjustment for potential confounders.In the sensitivity analysis,taking death as a com-peting risk,high PAB trajectory remained significantly associated with a lower incidence of IPN in the Fine-Gray model(HR=0.55,95%CI:0.33-0.92;P=0.022).Conclusions:A high PAB trajectory within the first week of AP was significantly associated with a lower incidence of IPN within 90 days after AP onset.Dynamic monitoring of PAB levels in the early phase of AP may play an important role in stratifying patients at high risk of developing IPN.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52105434)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710642).
文摘With the advantage of high light intensity due to low scatting, structural colors generated by metallic diffraction nanograting structures, used as a type of diffractive optical element, have shown great potential for application in industrial and scientific research fields such as optical anti-counterfeiting and sensors. Within the visible light wavelength range, the diffraction performance is highly dependent on the height and shape consistencies of the nanograting. However, there is still room for the improvement in the flexible control over structure formation through mechanical nanomachining within this scale. The novelty of this paper lies in proposing a machining strategy for nanograting structures with variable heights through precise regulation of the revolving trajectory using tip-based nano down-milling. It explores how different geometric features of trajectories impact the amount of material deformed into a grating and its distribution shape, referred to as undeformed grating area. By analyzing the forming mechanisms of nanogratings under various trajectories with finite element simulation, the desired undeformed grating area is successfully achieved, which is mainly extruded by the tip flank face to form the right facet of the grating, resulting in a small deformation degree and a high deformation efficiency. Three distinct types of revolving trajectories are filtered out according to five quantitative evaluation indicators for machining performance, namely material plastic deformation, grating profile consistency, grating height consistency, machining forces, and area transforming height, and then are compared in processing nanogratings with different heights. It is obtained that only by regulating the vertical vibration amplitude of the revolving trajectory, the semicircle trajectory with the optimal geometric features has the ability to machine high-quality nanograting structures with a continuous height variation of up to 220 nm in a spacing of 400 nm.
基金support received by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52372398&62003272).
文摘Dynamic soaring,inspired by the wind-riding flight of birds such as albatrosses,is a biomimetic technique which leverages wind fields to enhance the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Achieving a precise soaring trajectory is crucial for maximizing energy efficiency during flight.Existing nonlinear programming methods are heavily dependent on the choice of initial values which is hard to determine.Therefore,this paper introduces a deep reinforcement learning method based on a differentially flat model for dynamic soaring trajectory planning and optimization.Initially,the gliding trajectory is parameterized using Fourier basis functions,achieving a flexible trajectory representation with a minimal number of hyperparameters.Subsequently,the trajectory optimization problem is formulated as a dynamic interactive process of Markov decision-making.The hyperparameters of the trajectory are optimized using the Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO2)algorithm from deep reinforcement learning(DRL),reducing the strong reliance on initial value settings in the optimization process.Finally,a comparison between the proposed method and the nonlinear programming method reveals that the trajectory generated by the proposed approach is smoother while meeting the same performance requirements.Specifically,the proposed method achieves a 34%reduction in maximum thrust,a 39.4%decrease in maximum thrust difference,and a 33%reduction in maximum airspeed difference.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62372369,52107229,62272383the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GX-YBXM-442)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2024JC-YBMS-477)。
文摘To predict the lithium-ion(Li-ion)battery degradation trajectory in the early phase,arranging the maintenance of battery energy storage systems is of great importance.However,under different operation conditions,Li-ion batteries present distinct degradation patterns,and it is challenging to capture negligible capacity fade in early cycles.Despite the data-driven method showing promising performance,insufficient data is still a big issue since the ageing experiments on the batteries are too slow and expensive.In this study,we proposed twin autoencoders integrated into a two-stage method to predict the early cycles'degradation trajectories.The two-stage method can properly predict the degradation from course to fine.The twin autoencoders serve as a feature extractor and a synthetic data generator,respectively.Ultimately,a learning procedure based on the long-short term memory(LSTM)network is designed to hybridize the learning process between the real and synthetic data.The performance of the proposed method is verified on three datasets,and the experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve accurate predictions compared to its competitors.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41861144019,W2412015,42301409)。
文摘Given the heightened competition for water in energy,food,and the environment in Africa,it is essential to implement sound integrated plans for basin or regional sustainable development.Zambezi River Basin(ZRB),one of the least developed basins in the world,is under development with great ambition for hydropower and irrigation infrastructure.Here,we proposed a framework to assess different water usage trajectories for agricultural and hydropower development scenarios with data derived from big earth data method.Three future scenarios were set for irrigaiton expansion and development hydropower construction according to current plan,global average and high level,respectively.Using spatial analysis methods,average evapotranspiration(ET)difference before and after irrigation expansion and reservoir construction was used to estimate water usage trajectories.Results show that the total available water resource for ZRB is estimated as 111.8 km3.Due to irrigation and reservoirs construction,additional annual water consumption is estimated to be 0.9 and 14.2 km3 for 2017,respectively.By analyzing the water-energy-food-environment(WEFE)nexus given water availability constraints,we found that the water development boundary in the ZRB could support increases in both irrigation proportion and dam density to global average levels of 20%and 0.56/104 km2,respectively,without degrading the environment.The proposed paradigm for assessing water resources has the potential to endow the ZRB with significant capacity to support the achievement of relevant Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12234013)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2021LLZ009)。
文摘We present a formulation of the single-trajectory entropy using the trajectories ensemble. The single-trajectory entropy is affected by its surrounding trajectories via the distribution function. The single-trajectory entropies are studied in two typical potentials, i.e., harmonic potential and double-well potential, and in viscous environment by interacting trajectory method. The results of the trajectory methods are in agreement well with the numerical methods(Monte Carlo simulation and difference equation). The single-trajectory entropies increasing(decreasing) could be caused by absorption(emission) heat from(to) the thermal environment. Also, some interesting trajectories, which correspond to the rare evens in the processes, are demonstrated.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-015CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2021-1-12M-002+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2023-I2M-C&T-B-043Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.M22014.
文摘BACKGROUND The measurement of triceps skinfold(TSF)thickness serves as a noninvasive metric for evaluating subcutaneous fat distribution.Despite its clinical utility,the TSF thickness trajectories and their correlation with overall mortality have not been thoroughly investigated.AIM To explore TSF thickness trajectories of Chinese adults and to examine their associations with all-cause mortality.METHODS This study encompassed a cohort of 14747 adults sourced from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.Latent class trajectory modeling was employed to identify distinct trajectories of TSF thickness.Subjects were classified into subgroups reflective of their respective TSF thickness trajectory.We utilized multivariate Cox regression analyses and mediation examinations to explore the link between TSF thickness trajectory and overall mortality,including contributory factors.RESULTS Upon adjustment for multiple confounding factors,we discerned that males in the‘Class 2:Thin-stable’and‘Class 3:Thin-moderate’TSF thickness trajectories exhibited a markedly reduced risk of mortality from all causes in comparison to the‘Class 1:Extremely thin’subgroup.In the mediation analyses,the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index was found to be a partial intermediary in the relationship between TSF thickness trajectories and mortality.For females,a lower TSF thickness pattern was significantly predictive of elevated all-cause mortality risk exclusively within the non-elderly cohort.CONCLUSION In males and non-elderly females,lower TSF thickness trajectories are significantly predictive of heightened mortality risk,independent of single-point TSF thickness,body mass index,and waist circumference.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20230099)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.52379061 and 52179062)the Key Laboratory of Water Grid Project and Regulation of Ministry of Water Resources(Grant No.QTKS0034W23292).
文摘Deep storage tunnels(DSTs)are used in densely urbanized areas to relieve stormwater collection systems,thereby reducing urban floods and runoff pollution,due to their substantial storage capacity.The computation of the hydraulic characteristics and flow trajectories of DSTs under rapid filling scenarios can help to predict sediment deposition and pollutant accumulation associated with the stored runoff,as well as the likelihood of operational problems,such as excessive surging.However,such assessments are complicated by various inflow scenarios encountered in tunnel systems during their operation.In this study,the Suzhou River DST in China is selected as a study case.Particles were tracked,and hydraulic analysis was conducted with scaled model experiments and numerical models.The flow field,particle movement,air‒water phase,and pressure patterns in the DST were simulated under various one-and two-sided inflow scenarios.The results showed that with regards to the design conditions involving two-sided inflows,flow reversals occurred with stepwise increases in the water surface and pressure.In contrast,this phenomenon was not observed under the one-sided inflow scenario.Under the asymmetric two-sided inflow scenarios,water inflows led to particle accumulation near the shaft,reducing the received inflows.However,under the symmetric inflow conditions,particles were concentrated near the middle of the tunnel.Compared to those under the symmetric inflow scenario,asymmetric inflow caused surface wave and entrapped air reductions.This study could provide support for regulation of the inflow of the Suzhou River DST and for prediction of sediment and pollutant accumulation.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61273349,61203223)the Innovation Foundation of BUAA for Ph D Graduates(No.YWF-14-YJSY-013)
文摘Abstract This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization （PSO） to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation. The velocity- dependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm. The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values. The PSO algo- rithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function. Furthermore, the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles. Numerical sim ulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61903034,U1913203,61973034,91120003)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-16R06,T2014224)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2019TQ0035)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
文摘Intersections are quite important and complex traffic scenarios,where the future motion of surrounding vehicles is an indispensable reference factor for the decision-making or path planning of autonomous vehicles.Considering that the motion trajectory of a vehicle at an intersection partly obeys the statistical law of historical data once its driving intention is determined,this paper proposes a long short-term memory based(LSTM-based)framework that combines intention prediction and trajectory prediction together.First,we build an intersection prior trajectories model(IPTM)by clustering and statistically analyzing a large number of prior traffic flow trajectories.The prior trajectories model with fitted probabilistic density is used to approximate the distribution of the predicted trajectory,and also serves as a reference for credibility evaluation.Second,we conduct the intention prediction through another LSTM model and regard it as a crucial cue for a trajectory forecast at the early stage.Furthermore,the predicted intention is also a key that is associated with the prior trajectories model.The proposed framework is validated on two publically released datasets,next generation simulation(NGSIM)and INTERACTION.Compared with other prediction methods,our framework is able to sample a trajectory from the estimated distribution,with its accuracy improved by about 20%.Finally,the credibility evaluation,which is based on the prior trajectories model,makes the framework more practical in the real-world applications.
文摘By mining of the requirements of lots of electric vehicle users for charging piles, this paper proposes the charging pile siting algorithm via the fusion of Points of Interest and vehicle trajectories. The proposed algorithm computes appropriate charging pile locations by: 1) mining user Points of Interest from social network; 2) mining parking sites of vehicle form GPS trajectories and 3) fusing the Points of Interest and parking sites together then clustering the fusions with our improved DBSCAN algorithm, whose clustering results indicates the final appropriate charging pile locations. Experimental results show that our proposed methods are more efficient than existing methods.
基金financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41690134,41821002,41702155,41690131)。
文摘Both the shelf-edge trajectories and slope morphology are indicative of deep-water sedimentation, but previous studies are relatively independent from each other in the two dimensions. An integrated investigation can enhance the understanding of deep-water sedimentary systems and enrich reservoir prediction methods. Based on the bathymetry data and seismic data published, this study identified ten slope areas at the continental margin of East Africa and classified the clinoforms into three types: concave-up, sigmoidal and planar. Combined with the distribution of main modern rivers in East Africa, nine modern source-to-sink systems were identified and the catchment area is positively correlated with the size of the shelf-edge delta. It is found that the slope morphology of East Africa is closely related to the geological setting, sediment supply and sediment transport pathway in submarine canyon of passive continental margin. When the sediment supply is stable, the concave-up slopes are dominated by the river-associated and shelf-incising canyons and the sigmoidal slopes are determined by the headless canyons. There exists a strong coupling relationship between the shelf-edge trajectories and slope morphology. In general, concave-up slopes correspond to descending trend, flat and low-angle ascending trend shelf-edge trajectories and high-quality reservoirs developed on the basin floor under the influence of river-associated and shelf-incising canyons which have bright prospects for oil and gas exploration. Additionally, sigmoidal slopes usually correspond to descending trend, flat and low-angle ascending trend shelf-edge trajectories at times of relative sea-level fall and the reservoirs mostly developed on the upper slope under the influence of headless canyons. Moreover, the planar slopes correspond to high-angle ascending trend trajectories which are hardly potential for exploration. The coupling model built in this study will provide an insight for oil and gas exploration in deep-water areas with limited data and low exploration degree.
基金Supported by Drosos P is a Research Fellow with a Grant From the Western Norway Regional Health Trust,No. 912140
文摘BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs remain the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment;however,their effectiveness has been questioned,and it is not possible to predict the response to a specific antipsychotic drug in an individual patient.Thus,it is important to compare the effectiveness of the various antipsychotics and search for possible response predictors.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs,we examined response trajectories and predictors for belonging to different trajectory groups.METHODS The Bergen-Stavanger-Innsbruck-Trondheim(BeSt InTro)trial compared the effectiveness of three atypical antipsychotics-amisulpride,aripiprazole,and olanzapine-in a prospective,semirandomized,rater-blind,head-to-head design.Adult participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnosis,according to international classification of diseases,Tenth Revision(ICD-10)F20–29,were included.Participants were followed for a period of 12 mo,with assessments at baseline;after one,three and six weeks;and after three,six,nine and 12 mo.A latent class mixed model was fitted to our data.The three-trajectory model based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)total score reduction was found to have adequate fit,and the study drugs,as well as various demographic and clinical parameters,were tested as predictors for belonging to the different trajectory groups.RESULTS Overall,144 participants were included,and 41%completed the 12-mo study period.The largest trajectory group,consisting of 74%of participants,showed a PANSS total score reduction of 59%from baseline to 12 mo(Good response group).A trajectory group comprising 13%of participants had their PANSS total score reduced by 82.5%at 12 mo(Strong response group),while the last response trajectory group comprising 13%of the participants had a PANSS total score reduction of 13.6%(Slight response group).The largest part of the total reduction for the Good and Strong response groups occurred at six weeks of treatment,amounting to 45%and 48%reductions from baseline,respectively.The use of amisulpride predicted belonging to the Strong response group,while unemployment,depression,and negative psychotic symptoms at baseline increased the chance of belonging to the Slight response group,indicating a poor response to antipsychotic drug treatment.CONCLUSION Most of the participants(87%)had a good outcome after one year.Amisulpride users,more often than aripiprazole and olanzapine users,belonged to the response trajectory group with a strong response.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11425414 and 11504215the Scientific Research Training Program of Shanxi University
文摘The important features of the rescattering trajectories in strong field ionization process such as the cutoff of the return energy at 3.17Up and that of the final energy at 10Up are obtained, based on the adiabatic approximation in which the initial momentum of the electron is assumed to be zero. We theoretically study the nonadiabatic effect by assuming a nonzero initial momentum on the rescattering trajectories based on the semiclassical simpleman model. We show that the nonzero initial momentum will modify both the maximal return energy at collision and the final energy after backward scattering, but in different ways for odd and even number of return trajectories. The energies are increased for even number of returns but are decreased for odd number of returns when the nonzero （positive or negative） initial momentum is applied.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China under Grant(Nos.2018AAA0100800,2018YFE0106800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61725304,61673361 and 62033012)Major Special Science and Technology Project of Anhui,China(No.912198698036).
文摘With the rapid increase of the amount of vehicles in urban areas,the pollution of vehicle emissions is becoming more and more serious.Precise prediction of the spatiotemporal evolution of urban traffic emissions plays a great role in urban planning and policy making.Most existing methods usually focus on estimating vehicle emissions at historical or current moments which cannot well meet the demands of future planning.Recent work has started to pay attention to the evolution of vehicle emissions at future moments using multiple attributes related to emissions,however,they are not effective and efficient enough in the combination and utilization of different inputs.To address this issue,we propose a joint framework to predict the future evolution of vehicle emissions based on the GPS trajectories of taxis with a multi-channel spatiotemporal network and the motor vehicle emission simulator(MOVES)model.Specifically,we first estimate the spatial distribution matrices with GPS trajectories through map-matching algorithms.These matrices can reflect the attributes related to the traffic status of road networks such as volume,speed and acceleration.Then,our multi-channel spatiotemporal network is used to efficiently combine three key attributes(volume,speed and acceleration)through the feature sharing mechanism and generate a precise prediction of them in the future period.Finally,we adopt an MOVES model to estimate vehicle emissions by integrating several traffic factors including the predicted traffic states,road networks and the statistical information of urban vehicles.We evaluate our model on the Xi′an taxi GPS trajectories dataset.Experiments show that our proposed network can effectively predict the temporal evolution of vehicle emissions.
