Let p be a prime. For any finite p-group G, the deep transfers T H,G ' : H / H ' → G ' / G " from the maximal subgroups H of index (G:H) = p in G to the derived subgroup G ' are introduced as an ...Let p be a prime. For any finite p-group G, the deep transfers T H,G ' : H / H ' → G ' / G " from the maximal subgroups H of index (G:H) = p in G to the derived subgroup G ' are introduced as an innovative tool for identifying G uniquely by means of the family of kernels ùd(G) =(ker(T H,G ')) (G: H) = p. For all finite 3-groups G of coclass cc(G) = 1, the family ùd(G) is determined explicitly. The results are applied to the Galois groups G =Gal(F3 (∞)/ F) of the Hilbert 3-class towers of all real quadratic fields F = Q(√d) with fundamental discriminants d > 1, 3-class group Cl3(F) □ C3 × C3, and total 3-principalization in each of their four unramified cyclic cubic extensions E/F. A systematic statistical evaluation is given for the complete range 1 d 7, and a few exceptional cases are pointed out for 1 d 8.展开更多
Let F be a number field and p be a prime. In the successive approximation theorem, we prove that, for each integer n ≥ 1, finitely many candidates for the Galois group of the nth stage of the p-class tower over F are...Let F be a number field and p be a prime. In the successive approximation theorem, we prove that, for each integer n ≥ 1, finitely many candidates for the Galois group of the nth stage of the p-class tower over F are determined by abelian type invariants of p-class groups C1pE of unramified extensions E/F with degree [E : F] = pn-1. Illustrated by the most extensive numerical results available currently, the transfer kernels (TE, F) of the p-class extensions TE, F : C1pF → C1pE from F to unramified cyclic degree-p extensions E/F are shown to be capable of narrowing down the number of contestants significantly. By determining the isomorphism type of the maximal subgroups S G of all 3-groups G with coclass cc(G) = 1, and establishing a general theorem on the connection between the p-class towers of a number field F and of an unramified abelian p-extension E/F, we are able to provide a theoretical proof of the realization of certain 3-groups S with maximal class by 3-tower groups of dihedral fields E with degree 6, which could not be realized up to now.展开更多
Stroke patients experience varying degrees of upper limb functional impairment.Although bilateral arm training can help stroke patients recover movement after stroke,little is known about the way in which the brain an...Stroke patients experience varying degrees of upper limb functional impairment.Although bilateral arm training can help stroke patients recover movement after stroke,little is known about the way in which the brain and muscles work together during this type of training.To address this,we conducted a cross-sectional study at The Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University in China,where we observed the connection between brain and muscle activity during bilateral upper limb training in 21 stroke patients and 17 healthy controls.We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography to measure changes in cerebral cortex oxygenation and upper limb muscle contraction signals,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the healthy control group,stroke patients had reduced functional connectivity and more irregular muscle activity in the affected flexor muscle during bilateral upper limb training.Moreover,we found a significant correlation between the surface electromyographic signal characteristics of upper limb muscles and cerebral oxygenation indicators of multiple brain regions in stroke patients.These findings indicate that bilateral upper limb training is an effective rehabilitation method that improves upper limb motor function in stroke patients by promoting brain functional connectivity and improving muscle activity patterns.展开更多
RehabilNation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/re...RehabilNation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intens让ies, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle. In the moderate-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 10 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. In high-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 25 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. The Bederson scale was used to evaluate the improvement of motor function. Infarct volume was detected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was applied to detect the apoptosis of nerve cells in brain tissue. Western blot assay was employed to analyze the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3卩 signaling pathways in rat brain tissue. All training intensities reduced the neurological deficit score, infarct volume, and apoptosis in nerve cells in brain tissue of stroke rats. Training intensities activated the cAMP/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This activation was more obvious with higher training intensities. These changes were reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMP. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of rehabilitation training is achieved via activation of the cAMP/ protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation in Shanghai No. 8 Peoples Hospital, China.展开更多
Adult-born oligodendrocytes are continuously produced in the brains of rodents.The functional role of these cells has been linked to the motor-related activities of healthy animals and is vital for acquiring new motor...Adult-born oligodendrocytes are continuously produced in the brains of rodents.The functional role of these cells has been linked to the motor-related activities of healthy animals and is vital for acquiring new motor skills.However,the relationship between these cells and the control of motor-related activities has not been investigated in pathological conditions.Therefore,the aim of this study is to investigate the role of oligodendrocytes in depression-related motor deficits and the effects of training.Psychomotor retardation is a key symptom of depression.Consistent with the impairments observed in rodent motor performance,the proliferation and activation of adult-born oligodendrocytes are altered in a corticosterone-induced stress paradigm.Therapeutic rotarod training can alleviate these symptoms by reversing the aforementioned changes.Notably,these alterations are particularly pronounced in layer I of the motor cortex.Thus,this study provides evidence of the potential functional involvement of adult-born oligodendrocytes in the motor impairments observed in the depressed animals.Additionally,it offers preliminary results for further investigation into layer I of the motor cortex in relation to these pathological conditions.展开更多
AIM:To determine the benefits of a 10-wk resistance training programme on cardiovascular health in nonobese and active adolescents.METHODS:This is a pragmatic randomised controlled intervention.The study was carried o...AIM:To determine the benefits of a 10-wk resistance training programme on cardiovascular health in nonobese and active adolescents.METHODS:This is a pragmatic randomised controlled intervention.The study was carried out in a Hong Kong Government secondary school.Thirty-eight lean and active boys and girls were randomised to either the resistance training group or the control group.Students in the resistance training group received in-school 10-wk supervised resistance training twice per week,with each session lasting 70 min.Main outcome measures taken before and after training included brachial endothelial dependent flow-mediated dilation,body composition,fasting serum lipids,fasting glucose and insulin,high sensitive C-reactive protein,24-h ambulatory blood pressure and aerobic fitness.RESULTS:The only training related change was in endothelial dependent flow-mediated dilation which increased from 8.5%to 9.8%.A main effect of time and an interaction(P<0.005) indicated that this improvement was a result of the 10-wk resistance training.Main effects for time(P<0.05) in a number of anthropometric,metabolic and vascular variables were noted;however,there were no significant interactions indicating the change was more likely an outcome of normal growth and development as opposed to a training effect.CONCLUSION:Ten weeks of resistance training in school appears to have some vascular benefit in active,lean children.展开更多
Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was successful in classifying a large library of 758 commercially available, non-blended samples of acetate, cotton, polyester, rayon, silk and wool 89% - 98% of the ...Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was successful in classifying a large library of 758 commercially available, non-blended samples of acetate, cotton, polyester, rayon, silk and wool 89% - 98% of the time at the 95% confidence level (p = 0.05 significance level). In the present study, cotton and silk had a 62% and 24% chance, respectively, of being classified with their own group and also with rayon. SIMCA correctly identified a counterfeit “silk” sample as polyester. When coupled with diffuse NIR reflectance spectroscopy and a large sample library, SIMCA shows considerable promise as a quick, non-destructive, multivariate method for fiber identification. A major advantage is simplicity. No sample pretreatment of any kind was required, and no adjust-ments were made for fiber origin, manufacturing process residues, topical finishes, weave pattern, or dye content. Increasing the sample library should make the models more robust and improve identification rates over those reported in this paper.展开更多
Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various co...Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.展开更多
How to recognize targets with similar appearances from remote sensing images(RSIs) effectively and efficiently has become a big challenge. Recently, convolutional neural network(CNN) is preferred in the target classif...How to recognize targets with similar appearances from remote sensing images(RSIs) effectively and efficiently has become a big challenge. Recently, convolutional neural network(CNN) is preferred in the target classification due to the powerful feature representation ability and better performance. However,the training and testing of CNN mainly rely on single machine.Single machine has its natural limitation and bottleneck in processing RSIs due to limited hardware resources and huge time consuming. Besides, overfitting is a challenge for the CNN model due to the unbalance between RSIs data and the model structure.When a model is complex or the training data is relatively small,overfitting occurs and leads to a poor predictive performance. To address these problems, a distributed CNN architecture for RSIs target classification is proposed, which dramatically increases the training speed of CNN and system scalability. It improves the storage ability and processing efficiency of RSIs. Furthermore,Bayesian regularization approach is utilized in order to initialize the weights of the CNN extractor, which increases the robustness and flexibility of the CNN model. It helps prevent the overfitting and avoid the local optima caused by limited RSI training images or the inappropriate CNN structure. In addition, considering the efficiency of the Na¨?ve Bayes classifier, a distributed Na¨?ve Bayes classifier is designed to reduce the training cost. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed system and method perform the best and increase the recognition accuracy. The results show that the distributed system framework and the proposed algorithms are suitable for RSIs target classification tasks.展开更多
In the training studio of the School of Architecture and Engineering at Xizang Vocational Technical College,Lhasa,Gyatso,a senior artist specializing in Tibetan-style architectural decorative painting,bent over to dem...In the training studio of the School of Architecture and Engineering at Xizang Vocational Technical College,Lhasa,Gyatso,a senior artist specializing in Tibetan-style architectural decorative painting,bent over to demonstrate a student how to paint.His left hand steadied the painting board,while his right hand held a brush pen to present the Tibetan-style painting technique of"blurring"-dipping the brush lightly into the pigment,spreading it from dark to light on the paper.The eight-petaled lotus,a symbol of auspiciousness,gradually took shape,blossoming with layers of vitality.展开更多
The emergence of the middle class was closely related to the appearance of industrial society and its consequential constant changes in the social structure. Karl Marx and other theorists in the same camp were among t...The emergence of the middle class was closely related to the appearance of industrial society and its consequential constant changes in the social structure. Karl Marx and other theorists in the same camp were among the earliest scholars who discussed that topic. For a quite long period of time, the debate was mainly focused on the characteristics of the “new middle class.” The middle class, however, has undergone a categorical transformation from the old to the new middle-class, and furthermore, this transformation itself has signified the transition in social patterns from industrial to post-industrial society as well as economic globalization, both of which have contributed to the growth and global expansion of the middle class, having thus fundamentally renovated the middle class.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training combined with emotion nursing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on the motor function and quality of life in patients with cerebral stroke...OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training combined with emotion nursing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on the motor function and quality of life in patients with cerebral stroke complicated with hemiplegia. METHODS: A total of 100 cases of patients with cerebral stroke complicated with hemiplegia who were admitted to Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Suzhou Municipal Hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were selected and randomly divided into study group(50 cases) and control group(50 cases), and they were nursed for 1 month. Control group was given routine nursing, and study group was given progressive muscle relaxation training combined with TCM emotion nursing on the basis of routine nursing. The scores of all items were obtained by nurses through questionnaires, and the motor function and quality of life were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: After nursing, the scores of muscle strength, Barthel index(BI) and Fugl-Meyer motor function scales in study group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.05). The facing scores of coping style in study group were higher than those in control group, and the avoidance score and yielding score were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05). The scores of depression and anxiety in study group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05). The scores of items in SF-36 life scale in study group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Progressive muscle relaxation training combined with TCM emotion nursing is conducive to the recovery of motor function and improvement of quality of life in patients with cerebral stroke complicated with hemiplegia.展开更多
Purpose: to discuss the practice pattern and application effect of PAD class in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for the nursing students in medical school. Method: PAD class is appli...Purpose: to discuss the practice pattern and application effect of PAD class in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for the nursing students in medical school. Method: PAD class is applied in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for 111 nursing students of the school, and after it is implemented, the recognition and achievement of the learning objectives during the implementation of "PAD class" are evaluated for the students, and the recognition of the students of nursing specialty on "PAD class" and their learning attitude and exam results before and after its implementation. Results: After implementation of PAD class, the recognition, learning attitude and exam results of the students of nursing specialty are higher those of them before its implementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of PAD class in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for the nursing students in the medical schools is conductive to the improvement of the learning enthusiasm of the students and their exam results.展开更多
Let p be a prime and K be a number field with non-trivial p-class group ClpK. A crucial step in identifying the Galois group G∞p of the maximal unramified pro-p extension of K is to determine its two-stage approximat...Let p be a prime and K be a number field with non-trivial p-class group ClpK. A crucial step in identifying the Galois group G∞p of the maximal unramified pro-p extension of K is to determine its two-stage approximation M=G2pk, that is the second derived quotient M≃G/Gn. The family τ1K of abelian type invariants of the p-class groups ClpL of all unramified cyclic extensions L/K of degree p is called the index- abelianization data (IPAD) of K. It is able to specify a finite batch of contestants for the second p-class group M of K. In this paper we introduce two different kinds of generalized IPADs for obtaining more sophisticated results. The multi-layered IPAD (τ1Kτ(2)K) includes data on unramified abelian extensions L/K of degree p2 and enables sharper bounds for the order of M in the case Clpk≃(p,p,p), where current im-plementations of the p-group generation algorithm fail to produce explicit contestants for M , due to memory limitations. The iterated IPAD of second order τ(2)K contains information on non-abelian unramified extensions L/K of degree p2, or even p3, and admits the identification of the p-class tower group G for various infinite series of quadratic fields K=Q(√d) with ClpK≃(p,p) possessing a p-class field tower of exact length lpK=3 as a striking novelty.展开更多
A Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) has driven tremendous improvements on an acoustic model based on Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM). However, these models based on a hybrid method require a force...A Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) has driven tremendous improvements on an acoustic model based on Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM). However, these models based on a hybrid method require a forced aligned Hidden Markov Model(HMM) state sequence obtained from the GMM-based acoustic model. Therefore, it requires a long computation time for training both the GMM-based acoustic model and a deep learning-based acoustic model. In order to solve this problem, an acoustic model using CTC algorithm is proposed. CTC algorithm does not require the GMM-based acoustic model because it does not use the forced aligned HMM state sequence. However, previous works on a LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC used a small-scale training corpus. In this paper, the LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC is trained on a large-scale training corpus and its performance is evaluated. The implemented acoustic model has a performance of 6.18% and 15.01% in terms of Word Error Rate(WER) for clean speech and noisy speech, respectively. This is similar to a performance of the acoustic model based on the hybrid method.展开更多
This study investigated the impacts of random negative training datasets(NTDs)on the uncertainty of machine learning models for geologic hazard susceptibility assessment of the Loess Plateau,northern Shaanxi Province,...This study investigated the impacts of random negative training datasets(NTDs)on the uncertainty of machine learning models for geologic hazard susceptibility assessment of the Loess Plateau,northern Shaanxi Province,China.Based on randomly generated 40 NTDs,the study developed models for the geologic hazard susceptibility assessment using the random forest algorithm and evaluated their performances using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Specifically,the means and standard deviations of the AUC values from all models were then utilized to assess the overall spatial correlation between the conditioning factors and the susceptibility assessment,as well as the uncertainty introduced by the NTDs.A risk and return methodology was thus employed to quantify and mitigate the uncertainty,with log odds ratios used to characterize the susceptibility assessment levels.The risk and return values were calculated based on the standard deviations and means of the log odds ratios of various locations.After the mean log odds ratios were converted into probability values,the final susceptibility map was plotted,which accounts for the uncertainty induced by random NTDs.The results indicate that the AUC values of the models ranged from 0.810 to 0.963,with an average of 0.852 and a standard deviation of 0.035,indicating encouraging prediction effects and certain uncertainty.The risk and return analysis reveals that low-risk and high-return areas suggest lower standard deviations and higher means across multiple model-derived assessments.Overall,this study introduces a new framework for quantifying the uncertainty of multiple training and evaluation models,aimed at improving their robustness and reliability.Additionally,by identifying low-risk and high-return areas,resource allocation for geologic hazard prevention and control can be optimized,thus ensuring that limited resources are directed toward the most effective prevention and control measures.展开更多
文摘Let p be a prime. For any finite p-group G, the deep transfers T H,G ' : H / H ' → G ' / G " from the maximal subgroups H of index (G:H) = p in G to the derived subgroup G ' are introduced as an innovative tool for identifying G uniquely by means of the family of kernels ùd(G) =(ker(T H,G ')) (G: H) = p. For all finite 3-groups G of coclass cc(G) = 1, the family ùd(G) is determined explicitly. The results are applied to the Galois groups G =Gal(F3 (∞)/ F) of the Hilbert 3-class towers of all real quadratic fields F = Q(√d) with fundamental discriminants d > 1, 3-class group Cl3(F) □ C3 × C3, and total 3-principalization in each of their four unramified cyclic cubic extensions E/F. A systematic statistical evaluation is given for the complete range 1 d 7, and a few exceptional cases are pointed out for 1 d 8.
文摘Let F be a number field and p be a prime. In the successive approximation theorem, we prove that, for each integer n ≥ 1, finitely many candidates for the Galois group of the nth stage of the p-class tower over F are determined by abelian type invariants of p-class groups C1pE of unramified extensions E/F with degree [E : F] = pn-1. Illustrated by the most extensive numerical results available currently, the transfer kernels (TE, F) of the p-class extensions TE, F : C1pF → C1pE from F to unramified cyclic degree-p extensions E/F are shown to be capable of narrowing down the number of contestants significantly. By determining the isomorphism type of the maximal subgroups S G of all 3-groups G with coclass cc(G) = 1, and establishing a general theorem on the connection between the p-class towers of a number field F and of an unramified abelian p-extension E/F, we are able to provide a theoretical proof of the realization of certain 3-groups S with maximal class by 3-tower groups of dihedral fields E with degree 6, which could not be realized up to now.
文摘Stroke patients experience varying degrees of upper limb functional impairment.Although bilateral arm training can help stroke patients recover movement after stroke,little is known about the way in which the brain and muscles work together during this type of training.To address this,we conducted a cross-sectional study at The Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University in China,where we observed the connection between brain and muscle activity during bilateral upper limb training in 21 stroke patients and 17 healthy controls.We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography to measure changes in cerebral cortex oxygenation and upper limb muscle contraction signals,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the healthy control group,stroke patients had reduced functional connectivity and more irregular muscle activity in the affected flexor muscle during bilateral upper limb training.Moreover,we found a significant correlation between the surface electromyographic signal characteristics of upper limb muscles and cerebral oxygenation indicators of multiple brain regions in stroke patients.These findings indicate that bilateral upper limb training is an effective rehabilitation method that improves upper limb motor function in stroke patients by promoting brain functional connectivity and improving muscle activity patterns.
基金supported by Clinical Study on Treatment of Cerebral Small Blood Vessel Disease by Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,No.ZHYY-ZXYJHZX-201625
文摘RehabilNation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intens让ies, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle. In the moderate-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 10 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. In high-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 25 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. The Bederson scale was used to evaluate the improvement of motor function. Infarct volume was detected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was applied to detect the apoptosis of nerve cells in brain tissue. Western blot assay was employed to analyze the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3卩 signaling pathways in rat brain tissue. All training intensities reduced the neurological deficit score, infarct volume, and apoptosis in nerve cells in brain tissue of stroke rats. Training intensities activated the cAMP/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This activation was more obvious with higher training intensities. These changes were reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMP. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of rehabilitation training is achieved via activation of the cAMP/ protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation in Shanghai No. 8 Peoples Hospital, China.
基金supported by Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund,No.02133206(to KFS).
文摘Adult-born oligodendrocytes are continuously produced in the brains of rodents.The functional role of these cells has been linked to the motor-related activities of healthy animals and is vital for acquiring new motor skills.However,the relationship between these cells and the control of motor-related activities has not been investigated in pathological conditions.Therefore,the aim of this study is to investigate the role of oligodendrocytes in depression-related motor deficits and the effects of training.Psychomotor retardation is a key symptom of depression.Consistent with the impairments observed in rodent motor performance,the proliferation and activation of adult-born oligodendrocytes are altered in a corticosterone-induced stress paradigm.Therapeutic rotarod training can alleviate these symptoms by reversing the aforementioned changes.Notably,these alterations are particularly pronounced in layer I of the motor cortex.Thus,this study provides evidence of the potential functional involvement of adult-born oligodendrocytes in the motor impairments observed in the depressed animals.Additionally,it offers preliminary results for further investigation into layer I of the motor cortex in relation to these pathological conditions.
文摘AIM:To determine the benefits of a 10-wk resistance training programme on cardiovascular health in nonobese and active adolescents.METHODS:This is a pragmatic randomised controlled intervention.The study was carried out in a Hong Kong Government secondary school.Thirty-eight lean and active boys and girls were randomised to either the resistance training group or the control group.Students in the resistance training group received in-school 10-wk supervised resistance training twice per week,with each session lasting 70 min.Main outcome measures taken before and after training included brachial endothelial dependent flow-mediated dilation,body composition,fasting serum lipids,fasting glucose and insulin,high sensitive C-reactive protein,24-h ambulatory blood pressure and aerobic fitness.RESULTS:The only training related change was in endothelial dependent flow-mediated dilation which increased from 8.5%to 9.8%.A main effect of time and an interaction(P<0.005) indicated that this improvement was a result of the 10-wk resistance training.Main effects for time(P<0.05) in a number of anthropometric,metabolic and vascular variables were noted;however,there were no significant interactions indicating the change was more likely an outcome of normal growth and development as opposed to a training effect.CONCLUSION:Ten weeks of resistance training in school appears to have some vascular benefit in active,lean children.
文摘Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was successful in classifying a large library of 758 commercially available, non-blended samples of acetate, cotton, polyester, rayon, silk and wool 89% - 98% of the time at the 95% confidence level (p = 0.05 significance level). In the present study, cotton and silk had a 62% and 24% chance, respectively, of being classified with their own group and also with rayon. SIMCA correctly identified a counterfeit “silk” sample as polyester. When coupled with diffuse NIR reflectance spectroscopy and a large sample library, SIMCA shows considerable promise as a quick, non-destructive, multivariate method for fiber identification. A major advantage is simplicity. No sample pretreatment of any kind was required, and no adjust-ments were made for fiber origin, manufacturing process residues, topical finishes, weave pattern, or dye content. Increasing the sample library should make the models more robust and improve identification rates over those reported in this paper.
文摘Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1435220)
文摘How to recognize targets with similar appearances from remote sensing images(RSIs) effectively and efficiently has become a big challenge. Recently, convolutional neural network(CNN) is preferred in the target classification due to the powerful feature representation ability and better performance. However,the training and testing of CNN mainly rely on single machine.Single machine has its natural limitation and bottleneck in processing RSIs due to limited hardware resources and huge time consuming. Besides, overfitting is a challenge for the CNN model due to the unbalance between RSIs data and the model structure.When a model is complex or the training data is relatively small,overfitting occurs and leads to a poor predictive performance. To address these problems, a distributed CNN architecture for RSIs target classification is proposed, which dramatically increases the training speed of CNN and system scalability. It improves the storage ability and processing efficiency of RSIs. Furthermore,Bayesian regularization approach is utilized in order to initialize the weights of the CNN extractor, which increases the robustness and flexibility of the CNN model. It helps prevent the overfitting and avoid the local optima caused by limited RSI training images or the inappropriate CNN structure. In addition, considering the efficiency of the Na¨?ve Bayes classifier, a distributed Na¨?ve Bayes classifier is designed to reduce the training cost. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed system and method perform the best and increase the recognition accuracy. The results show that the distributed system framework and the proposed algorithms are suitable for RSIs target classification tasks.
文摘In the training studio of the School of Architecture and Engineering at Xizang Vocational Technical College,Lhasa,Gyatso,a senior artist specializing in Tibetan-style architectural decorative painting,bent over to demonstrate a student how to paint.His left hand steadied the painting board,while his right hand held a brush pen to present the Tibetan-style painting technique of"blurring"-dipping the brush lightly into the pigment,spreading it from dark to light on the paper.The eight-petaled lotus,a symbol of auspiciousness,gradually took shape,blossoming with layers of vitality.
文摘The emergence of the middle class was closely related to the appearance of industrial society and its consequential constant changes in the social structure. Karl Marx and other theorists in the same camp were among the earliest scholars who discussed that topic. For a quite long period of time, the debate was mainly focused on the characteristics of the “new middle class.” The middle class, however, has undergone a categorical transformation from the old to the new middle-class, and furthermore, this transformation itself has signified the transition in social patterns from industrial to post-industrial society as well as economic globalization, both of which have contributed to the growth and global expansion of the middle class, having thus fundamentally renovated the middle class.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training combined with emotion nursing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on the motor function and quality of life in patients with cerebral stroke complicated with hemiplegia. METHODS: A total of 100 cases of patients with cerebral stroke complicated with hemiplegia who were admitted to Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Suzhou Municipal Hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were selected and randomly divided into study group(50 cases) and control group(50 cases), and they were nursed for 1 month. Control group was given routine nursing, and study group was given progressive muscle relaxation training combined with TCM emotion nursing on the basis of routine nursing. The scores of all items were obtained by nurses through questionnaires, and the motor function and quality of life were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: After nursing, the scores of muscle strength, Barthel index(BI) and Fugl-Meyer motor function scales in study group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.05). The facing scores of coping style in study group were higher than those in control group, and the avoidance score and yielding score were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05). The scores of depression and anxiety in study group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05). The scores of items in SF-36 life scale in study group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Progressive muscle relaxation training combined with TCM emotion nursing is conducive to the recovery of motor function and improvement of quality of life in patients with cerebral stroke complicated with hemiplegia.
文摘Purpose: to discuss the practice pattern and application effect of PAD class in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for the nursing students in medical school. Method: PAD class is applied in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for 111 nursing students of the school, and after it is implemented, the recognition and achievement of the learning objectives during the implementation of "PAD class" are evaluated for the students, and the recognition of the students of nursing specialty on "PAD class" and their learning attitude and exam results before and after its implementation. Results: After implementation of PAD class, the recognition, learning attitude and exam results of the students of nursing specialty are higher those of them before its implementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of PAD class in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for the nursing students in the medical schools is conductive to the improvement of the learning enthusiasm of the students and their exam results.
文摘Let p be a prime and K be a number field with non-trivial p-class group ClpK. A crucial step in identifying the Galois group G∞p of the maximal unramified pro-p extension of K is to determine its two-stage approximation M=G2pk, that is the second derived quotient M≃G/Gn. The family τ1K of abelian type invariants of the p-class groups ClpL of all unramified cyclic extensions L/K of degree p is called the index- abelianization data (IPAD) of K. It is able to specify a finite batch of contestants for the second p-class group M of K. In this paper we introduce two different kinds of generalized IPADs for obtaining more sophisticated results. The multi-layered IPAD (τ1Kτ(2)K) includes data on unramified abelian extensions L/K of degree p2 and enables sharper bounds for the order of M in the case Clpk≃(p,p,p), where current im-plementations of the p-group generation algorithm fail to produce explicit contestants for M , due to memory limitations. The iterated IPAD of second order τ(2)K contains information on non-abelian unramified extensions L/K of degree p2, or even p3, and admits the identification of the p-class tower group G for various infinite series of quadratic fields K=Q(√d) with ClpK≃(p,p) possessing a p-class field tower of exact length lpK=3 as a striking novelty.
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry & Energy(MOTIE,Korea) under Industrial Technology Innovation Program (No.10063424,'development of distant speech recognition and multi-task dialog processing technologies for in-door conversational robots')
文摘A Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) has driven tremendous improvements on an acoustic model based on Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM). However, these models based on a hybrid method require a forced aligned Hidden Markov Model(HMM) state sequence obtained from the GMM-based acoustic model. Therefore, it requires a long computation time for training both the GMM-based acoustic model and a deep learning-based acoustic model. In order to solve this problem, an acoustic model using CTC algorithm is proposed. CTC algorithm does not require the GMM-based acoustic model because it does not use the forced aligned HMM state sequence. However, previous works on a LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC used a small-scale training corpus. In this paper, the LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC is trained on a large-scale training corpus and its performance is evaluated. The implemented acoustic model has a performance of 6.18% and 15.01% in terms of Word Error Rate(WER) for clean speech and noisy speech, respectively. This is similar to a performance of the acoustic model based on the hybrid method.
基金supported by a project entitled Loess Plateau Region-Watershed-Slope Geological Hazard Multi-Scale Collaborative Intelligent Early Warning System of the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3003404)a project of the Shaanxi Youth Science and Technology Star(2021KJXX-87)public welfare geological survey projects of Shaanxi Institute of Geologic Survey(20180301,201918,202103,and 202413).
文摘This study investigated the impacts of random negative training datasets(NTDs)on the uncertainty of machine learning models for geologic hazard susceptibility assessment of the Loess Plateau,northern Shaanxi Province,China.Based on randomly generated 40 NTDs,the study developed models for the geologic hazard susceptibility assessment using the random forest algorithm and evaluated their performances using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).Specifically,the means and standard deviations of the AUC values from all models were then utilized to assess the overall spatial correlation between the conditioning factors and the susceptibility assessment,as well as the uncertainty introduced by the NTDs.A risk and return methodology was thus employed to quantify and mitigate the uncertainty,with log odds ratios used to characterize the susceptibility assessment levels.The risk and return values were calculated based on the standard deviations and means of the log odds ratios of various locations.After the mean log odds ratios were converted into probability values,the final susceptibility map was plotted,which accounts for the uncertainty induced by random NTDs.The results indicate that the AUC values of the models ranged from 0.810 to 0.963,with an average of 0.852 and a standard deviation of 0.035,indicating encouraging prediction effects and certain uncertainty.The risk and return analysis reveals that low-risk and high-return areas suggest lower standard deviations and higher means across multiple model-derived assessments.Overall,this study introduces a new framework for quantifying the uncertainty of multiple training and evaluation models,aimed at improving their robustness and reliability.Additionally,by identifying low-risk and high-return areas,resource allocation for geologic hazard prevention and control can be optimized,thus ensuring that limited resources are directed toward the most effective prevention and control measures.
