To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions,...To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions, osmotic pressure, glucose and aldosterone of blood and urine in T. s. elegans （BW： 125.60 ±19.84 g） were analyzed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d stress. The results showed that： 1） inorganic ions concentration of blood and urine increased with ambient salinity, which indicated that high influx of ions was combined with higher outflow when exposed to saline water in T. s. elegans. However, blood aldosterone decreased with increasing salinity, which indicated that an increased sodium intake resulting in a diminished aldosterone production. However, with elapsed time, inorganic ions in urine decreased, which indicated that inorganic ions in blood would be accumulated, and Na^＋ and Cl^- in the plasma inevitably build up to harmful levels, at last death was happening when T. s. elegans was exposed to salinity 25 during 90 d salinity stress; 2） blood osmotic pressure increased as ambient salinity increased, it would reach 400 mOsm/kg in the group of salinity 25, which was about 1.5 fold of the control group. Higher blood osmotic pressure was due to both higher blood ions and urea concentrations. There may be another mechanism to avoid an excess of NaCl together with an important loss of water using one of the end-products of nitrogen metabolism; 3） blood glucose in each group except the group of salinity 5 decreased with time elapsed and with salinity increased. Therefore, we can conclude that T. s. elegans is an osmoregulator that limits the entry of Na^＋ and Cl^-, but can also tolerate certain degrees of increases in plasma Na^＋ and Cl^-. When ambient salinity was lower than 15‰, T. s. elegans can increase blood osmotic pressure by balancing the entry of NaCl with the secretion of aldosterone decreased, and by accumulating blood urea for osmoregulation effectors, and survive for at least three months. These results could provide theoretical basis for salinity tolerance and the invasion on physiological mechanism for T. s. elegans.展开更多
Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research...Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)method coupled with Binary Compare tool of UNIFI software was validated to differentiate Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.The gelatins were digested enzymatically into peptides using trypsin.The UPLC-QTOF/MS data of the trypsin digested samples was subjected to Binary Compare of UNIFI software in order to screen out the unique peptides.PEAKS■Studio software was utilized to identify the sequence of the marker peptides.Results It was found that m/z 641.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue,and m/z 649.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue,with possible amino acid sequence of GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR and GESGPSGPAGPTGAR respectively.Conclusions The results will be helpful for the differentiating between these 2 gelatins,and it can be also used for quality control of Tortoise shell glue(Gui Jia Jiao,龟甲胶).展开更多
Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immun...Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immunity in the body.However,the blood cell researches of turtle are still in the traditional blood cell classification and morphological structure observation.Furthermore,turtle granulocytes cannot be accurately identified using traditional methods.Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been successfully implemented to study cells based on the mRNA expression patterns of each cell.The present study profiled the transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders to construct a single-cell transcriptional landscape of the different cell types and explored environmental adaptation mechanism from the perspective of hematology.All 14 transcriptionally distinct clusters(platelets,erythrocytes1,erythrocytes2,CSF1R monocytes,POF1B monocytes,neutrophils,GATA2high basophils,GATA2low basophils,CD4 T cells,CD7 T cells,B cells,ACKR4 cells,serotriflin cells,and ficolin cells)were identified in the peripheral blood cells of the red-eared sliders.In particular,a subtype of erythrocytes(erythrocytes1)that expressed immune signals was identified.Peripheral blood cells were grouped into three lineages:platelet,erythroid/lymphoid,and myeloid cell lineages.Furthermore,based on differentiation trajectory and up-regulated gene expression,ACKR4 cells were newly identified as lymphocytes,and serotriflin and ficolin cells as granulocytes.The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders provided in the present study will offer a comprehensive transcriptome reference for the exploration of physiological and pathological hematology in this species.展开更多
针对巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)在广东养殖过程中发生慢性死亡的现象,对病龟肠道病理组织学和病原学进行了研究,并对病龟开展了防治实验。结果表明:病龟肠道前中段上皮细胞有虫体寄生,分离到圆形至椭圆形的卵囊,平均大小为11.7...针对巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)在广东养殖过程中发生慢性死亡的现象,对病龟肠道病理组织学和病原学进行了研究,并对病龟开展了防治实验。结果表明:病龟肠道前中段上皮细胞有虫体寄生,分离到圆形至椭圆形的卵囊,平均大小为11.7μm×13.8μm。每个孢子化卵囊含4个孢子囊,每个孢子囊内有2个子孢子;经口人工感染的幼龟肠道中段粘膜层有病原侵入,并出现纤维素性炎症。通过分析确认此病症为艾美耳球虫(Eimeria coccidium)感染所致。对病龟采用抗球虫药磺胺氯吡嗪进行治疗,有一定的治疗效果。展开更多
应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分...应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分泌细胞呈楔形、梭形或烧瓶形,少数呈圆形或椭圆形。5-羟色胺和生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,分别以胃幽门部和十二指肠、胃体部为最高,在食道和空肠处最低。胰高血糖素和胃泌素细胞均在直肠处密度最高,但分布型不同。血管活性肠肽细胞在胃幽门部密度最高,回肠未见。展开更多
为了探讨土壤酸化对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,在孵化温度为(30±0.5)℃,孵化基质pH分别为4、5、6、7的条件下,对比研究了两种龟卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化期和...为了探讨土壤酸化对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,在孵化温度为(30±0.5)℃,孵化基质pH分别为4、5、6、7的条件下,对比研究了两种龟卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化期和血液生理指标的变化。结果表明,两种龟卵孵化率均随孵化基质pH的降低而降低,pH为4时可使胚胎致死,pH为7、6、5处理同种龟不同处理间和同种处理不同种之间孵化率差异不显著(P>0.05);pH降低红耳龟孵化期缩短,胚胎发育加速,胚胎发育正常,而中华条颈龟畸形率升高(P<0.05);两种稚龟血细胞变化不同,红耳龟红细胞长、短径变长,长短径比增加,红细胞数、白细胞数显著增加(P<0.05),中华条颈龟各项血液生理指标差异不显著。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟通过减少畸形率、提高急性应激刺激阈值,增强了对酸胁迫的耐受性。展开更多
Although the alien Red-eared slider （Trachemys scripta elegans） is generally argued as an invasive species that competes with native turtles, the field evidence on its diet is controversial. Field studies conducted ...Although the alien Red-eared slider （Trachemys scripta elegans） is generally argued as an invasive species that competes with native turtles, the field evidence on its diet is controversial. Field studies conducted at the Gutian Nature Reserve of Guangdong and along the Wanquan River in Hainan, China show that T. s. elegans is an opportunitic omnivore, consuming a wide variety of food items. Consumption varies throughout its range; more plant material is consumed in Guangdong, compared to a more carnivorous diet in Hainan; and juveniles are also found to have a more carnivorous diet than adults. This implies a high adaptability to new environment. Sympatrie native Mauremys sinensis shows a more herbivorous diet and a narrower niche breadth （0.0260） in Hainan, plus a low niche overlap （0.3048） with T. s. elegans, providing a potential empty niche for the invasive T. s. elegans. Red-eared slider is also known to consume large quantities of native prey species to disrupt the ecological balance. It is imperative to understand the invasive nature of this species and the mechanisms by which it affects native ecology.展开更多
Deltamethrin is a widespread environmental hormone with endocrine-disrupting properties, but its effect on embryonic development of reptiles is largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of deltamethrin on embryo...Deltamethrin is a widespread environmental hormone with endocrine-disrupting properties, but its effect on embryonic development of reptiles is largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of deltamethrin on embryonic development and offspring traits in two turtle species, one with parchment-shelled eggs and the other with rigidshelled eggs. Deltamethrin exposure during egg incubation did not affect hatching success and hatchling body size in either species. However, embryonic exposure to deltamethrin resulted in reduced hatchling locomotor performance in the red-eared slider turtle（Trachemys scripta） with parchment-shelled eggs, but not in the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle（Chinemys reevesii） with rigid-shelled eggs. These results suggest that parchment-shelled eggs are likely more vulnerable to deltamethrin than rigid-shelled eggs.展开更多
How temperature affects the direction of sexual differentiation pathways in temperature-dependent sex determination(TSD)remains a mystery despite decades of scientific investigation.In the accompanying study,we demons...How temperature affects the direction of sexual differentiation pathways in temperature-dependent sex determination(TSD)remains a mystery despite decades of scientific investigation.In the accompanying study,we demonstrated the thermal switch mechanism within thermosensitive steroidogenic cells(TSSCs)that triggers the male development pathway in turtles(Trachemys scripta elegans).However,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms linking TSSCs'cold sensitivity with pre-Sertoli cell specification remain elusive.Herein,we elucidate the regulatory schema governing the male determination pathway,including Ca^(2+)-induced aldosterone synthesis in TSSCs and subsequent aldosterone-driven transcriptional modulation in pre-supporting cells.Aldosterone-bound NR3C1,a master regulator of the male determination pathway,activates DMRT1 gene expression,culminating in pre-Sertoli specification.Therefore,this study discovers a novel male-specific pathway by which temperature initiates male sex determination in TSD species.展开更多
基金the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31360642 and 31372228)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.211145)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China (No. 303148)" for financial support
文摘To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions, osmotic pressure, glucose and aldosterone of blood and urine in T. s. elegans （BW： 125.60 ±19.84 g） were analyzed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d stress. The results showed that： 1） inorganic ions concentration of blood and urine increased with ambient salinity, which indicated that high influx of ions was combined with higher outflow when exposed to saline water in T. s. elegans. However, blood aldosterone decreased with increasing salinity, which indicated that an increased sodium intake resulting in a diminished aldosterone production. However, with elapsed time, inorganic ions in urine decreased, which indicated that inorganic ions in blood would be accumulated, and Na^＋ and Cl^- in the plasma inevitably build up to harmful levels, at last death was happening when T. s. elegans was exposed to salinity 25 during 90 d salinity stress; 2） blood osmotic pressure increased as ambient salinity increased, it would reach 400 mOsm/kg in the group of salinity 25, which was about 1.5 fold of the control group. Higher blood osmotic pressure was due to both higher blood ions and urea concentrations. There may be another mechanism to avoid an excess of NaCl together with an important loss of water using one of the end-products of nitrogen metabolism; 3） blood glucose in each group except the group of salinity 5 decreased with time elapsed and with salinity increased. Therefore, we can conclude that T. s. elegans is an osmoregulator that limits the entry of Na^＋ and Cl^-, but can also tolerate certain degrees of increases in plasma Na^＋ and Cl^-. When ambient salinity was lower than 15‰, T. s. elegans can increase blood osmotic pressure by balancing the entry of NaCl with the secretion of aldosterone decreased, and by accumulating blood urea for osmoregulation effectors, and survive for at least three months. These results could provide theoretical basis for salinity tolerance and the invasion on physiological mechanism for T. s. elegans.
基金the funding support from the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province([2010]212)Changsha City Science and Technology Project in 2015(k1501024-31)+3 种基金Key Discipline Program of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the P.R.C([2009]30)Key Discipline in Hunan Province([2011]76)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2017JJ3234)Key Project of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2016SK2033)
文摘Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)method coupled with Binary Compare tool of UNIFI software was validated to differentiate Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.The gelatins were digested enzymatically into peptides using trypsin.The UPLC-QTOF/MS data of the trypsin digested samples was subjected to Binary Compare of UNIFI software in order to screen out the unique peptides.PEAKS■Studio software was utilized to identify the sequence of the marker peptides.Results It was found that m/z 641.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue,and m/z 649.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue,with possible amino acid sequence of GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR and GESGPSGPAGPTGAR respectively.Conclusions The results will be helpful for the differentiating between these 2 gelatins,and it can be also used for quality control of Tortoise shell glue(Gui Jia Jiao,龟甲胶).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160135)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(ZDYF2020194 and 322RC658)the specific research fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immunity in the body.However,the blood cell researches of turtle are still in the traditional blood cell classification and morphological structure observation.Furthermore,turtle granulocytes cannot be accurately identified using traditional methods.Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been successfully implemented to study cells based on the mRNA expression patterns of each cell.The present study profiled the transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders to construct a single-cell transcriptional landscape of the different cell types and explored environmental adaptation mechanism from the perspective of hematology.All 14 transcriptionally distinct clusters(platelets,erythrocytes1,erythrocytes2,CSF1R monocytes,POF1B monocytes,neutrophils,GATA2high basophils,GATA2low basophils,CD4 T cells,CD7 T cells,B cells,ACKR4 cells,serotriflin cells,and ficolin cells)were identified in the peripheral blood cells of the red-eared sliders.In particular,a subtype of erythrocytes(erythrocytes1)that expressed immune signals was identified.Peripheral blood cells were grouped into three lineages:platelet,erythroid/lymphoid,and myeloid cell lineages.Furthermore,based on differentiation trajectory and up-regulated gene expression,ACKR4 cells were newly identified as lymphocytes,and serotriflin and ficolin cells as granulocytes.The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders provided in the present study will offer a comprehensive transcriptome reference for the exploration of physiological and pathological hematology in this species.
文摘针对巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)在广东养殖过程中发生慢性死亡的现象,对病龟肠道病理组织学和病原学进行了研究,并对病龟开展了防治实验。结果表明:病龟肠道前中段上皮细胞有虫体寄生,分离到圆形至椭圆形的卵囊,平均大小为11.7μm×13.8μm。每个孢子化卵囊含4个孢子囊,每个孢子囊内有2个子孢子;经口人工感染的幼龟肠道中段粘膜层有病原侵入,并出现纤维素性炎症。通过分析确认此病症为艾美耳球虫(Eimeria coccidium)感染所致。对病龟采用抗球虫药磺胺氯吡嗪进行治疗,有一定的治疗效果。
文摘应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分泌细胞呈楔形、梭形或烧瓶形,少数呈圆形或椭圆形。5-羟色胺和生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,分别以胃幽门部和十二指肠、胃体部为最高,在食道和空肠处最低。胰高血糖素和胃泌素细胞均在直肠处密度最高,但分布型不同。血管活性肠肽细胞在胃幽门部密度最高,回肠未见。
文摘为了探讨土壤酸化对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,在孵化温度为(30±0.5)℃,孵化基质pH分别为4、5、6、7的条件下,对比研究了两种龟卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化期和血液生理指标的变化。结果表明,两种龟卵孵化率均随孵化基质pH的降低而降低,pH为4时可使胚胎致死,pH为7、6、5处理同种龟不同处理间和同种处理不同种之间孵化率差异不显著(P>0.05);pH降低红耳龟孵化期缩短,胚胎发育加速,胚胎发育正常,而中华条颈龟畸形率升高(P<0.05);两种稚龟血细胞变化不同,红耳龟红细胞长、短径变长,长短径比增加,红细胞数、白细胞数显著增加(P<0.05),中华条颈龟各项血液生理指标差异不显著。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟通过减少畸形率、提高急性应激刺激阈值,增强了对酸胁迫的耐受性。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30910103916)
文摘Although the alien Red-eared slider （Trachemys scripta elegans） is generally argued as an invasive species that competes with native turtles, the field evidence on its diet is controversial. Field studies conducted at the Gutian Nature Reserve of Guangdong and along the Wanquan River in Hainan, China show that T. s. elegans is an opportunitic omnivore, consuming a wide variety of food items. Consumption varies throughout its range; more plant material is consumed in Guangdong, compared to a more carnivorous diet in Hainan; and juveniles are also found to have a more carnivorous diet than adults. This implies a high adaptability to new environment. Sympatrie native Mauremys sinensis shows a more herbivorous diet and a narrower niche breadth （0.0260） in Hainan, plus a low niche overlap （0.3048） with T. s. elegans, providing a potential empty niche for the invasive T. s. elegans. Red-eared slider is also known to consume large quantities of native prey species to disrupt the ecological balance. It is imperative to understand the invasive nature of this species and the mechanisms by which it affects native ecology.
文摘Deltamethrin is a widespread environmental hormone with endocrine-disrupting properties, but its effect on embryonic development of reptiles is largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of deltamethrin on embryonic development and offspring traits in two turtle species, one with parchment-shelled eggs and the other with rigidshelled eggs. Deltamethrin exposure during egg incubation did not affect hatching success and hatchling body size in either species. However, embryonic exposure to deltamethrin resulted in reduced hatchling locomotor performance in the red-eared slider turtle（Trachemys scripta） with parchment-shelled eggs, but not in the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle（Chinemys reevesii） with rigid-shelled eggs. These results suggest that parchment-shelled eggs are likely more vulnerable to deltamethrin than rigid-shelled eggs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030013,31821001,32430012,32170486,and 32371570)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1304900)+4 种基金the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Youths(JQ2021C001)the National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2020132610)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scientists(YQ2023C022)the Heilongjiang Chunyan Support Program for Young Scientific and Technological Talents Team(CYQN24058)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572023CT13-2).
文摘How temperature affects the direction of sexual differentiation pathways in temperature-dependent sex determination(TSD)remains a mystery despite decades of scientific investigation.In the accompanying study,we demonstrated the thermal switch mechanism within thermosensitive steroidogenic cells(TSSCs)that triggers the male development pathway in turtles(Trachemys scripta elegans).However,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms linking TSSCs'cold sensitivity with pre-Sertoli cell specification remain elusive.Herein,we elucidate the regulatory schema governing the male determination pathway,including Ca^(2+)-induced aldosterone synthesis in TSSCs and subsequent aldosterone-driven transcriptional modulation in pre-supporting cells.Aldosterone-bound NR3C1,a master regulator of the male determination pathway,activates DMRT1 gene expression,culminating in pre-Sertoli specification.Therefore,this study discovers a novel male-specific pathway by which temperature initiates male sex determination in TSD species.
