The present investigation studied the toxicity of soil contaminated by untreated discharge from a factory that recycles used plastics. The nearby agricultural areas and freshwater fish ponds were polluted with high co...The present investigation studied the toxicity of soil contaminated by untreated discharge from a factory that recycles used plastics. The nearby agricultural areas and freshwater fish ponds were polluted with high concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Mn. Water extracts from the contaminated soil retarded root growth of Brassica chinensis (Chinese white cabbage) and Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) where their seeds were obtained commercially. The contaminated populations of C. dactylon, Panicum repen (panic grass), and Imperata cylindrica (wooly grass) were able to withstand higher concentrations of Cu. Ni, and Mn, especially C. dactylon, when compared with their uncontaminated counterparts. 1990 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
A respirometer has been developed for microbial toxicity tests. The respirometer is based on luminescence quenching by molecular oxygen. The oxygen sensing film consists of luminescent ruthenium complex adsorbed o...A respirometer has been developed for microbial toxicity tests. The respirometer is based on luminescence quenching by molecular oxygen. The oxygen sensing film consists of luminescent ruthenium complex adsorbed on amorphous fumed silica and immobilized inside silicone rubber. The luminescence intensity depends on the oxygen concentration of sample in contact with sensing film. The inhibition effect of heavy metals on the respiration rate of microorganisms can be evaluated by monitoring the luminescence intensity of the sensing film. The toxicity of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ , Pb 2+ and Hg 2+ on activated sludge was tested using the respirometer. The results indicated that the proposed method was sensitive to the heavy metals tested in this experiment. It was feasible to use the respirometer for microbial toxicity tests.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal do...[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal dose(LD_(50))was determined by acute toxicity test with the toxic reaction and mortality of mice as indexes.Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model group(ConA-induced liver injury model),Jinchuan formula plum wine high,medium and low dose groups(1.0,0.5,0.25 g/kg)and silybin group(0.1 g/kg).The levels of ALT,AST,LDH in serum and TG,VLDL in liver were measured.After HE staining,the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice were observed,and the liver protective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract was analyzed and evaluated.[Results]LD_(50)was 11.18 g/kg,and the 95%confidence limit of LD_(50)was 10.31-12.05 g/kg.The high-dose group of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract could significantly reduce the serum ALT and AST activities of ConA-induced liver injury mice(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jinchuan formula plum wine extract is relatively safe,and also has a protective effect on liver injury.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to determine the safe dose of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule in clinic by evaluating its acute toxicity, so as to ensure clinical medication safety. [Method] The test was designed acc...[Objective] This study was conducted to determine the safe dose of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule in clinic by evaluating its acute toxicity, so as to ensure clinical medication safety. [Method] The test was designed according to ＂Technique Requirements of Research of New Chinese Medicine＂ and ＂Guide for Research of New Chinese Medicine＂, mice were intragastrically administrated with Tongmai Tangyanming capsule at a maximum concentration and a maximum volume, and the acute toxic response of mice was observed, so as to determine medi- na lethal dose （LDso） and maximum administration dosage of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule. [Result] The LD^o could not be detected in the test, and the maximum administration dosage of mouse was calculated to be 112.104 g of dried herbs/（kg.d）, equivalent to 260 times of clinical dose of adult. [Conclusion] Chinese herbal compound Tongmai Tangyanming capsule has low acute toxicity, and its clinical dose is safe and reliable.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of Aspidopterys obcordata(A. obcordata) in Sprague Dawley rats.METHODS: The rats were orally administered a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and observed co...OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of Aspidopterys obcordata(A. obcordata) in Sprague Dawley rats.METHODS: The rats were orally administered a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and observed continuously for 6 h and then daily for 14 days. Control rats were administered distilled water. The effect of the extract on general behavior, body weight, and food and water intake were measured.After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed and their organs(liver, heart, spleen, lungs, kidney, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes) were removed for macroscopic examination. The body and organ weights in addition to hematology(e.g., hemoglobin and white blood cell counts) and clinical blood biochemistry(e.g., albumin and bilirubin) were also examined.RESULTS: There were no deaths recorded, and the rats treated with A. obcordata showed no signs of toxicity. All measured parameters in rats treated with A. obcordata were unaffected when compared with those in control rats. The acute toxicity(LD_(50))was estimated to be > 5000 mg/kg body weight.CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the safety of an acute oral administration of an aqueous extract of A. obcordata in rats and indicate that future subacute and long-term toxicity testing of A. obcordata is warranted.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential chronic liver toxicity of oral administration of ethanol extract of Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)(SBE) in Wistar rats.METHODS: SBE was administered to rats by gavage ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential chronic liver toxicity of oral administration of ethanol extract of Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)(SBE) in Wistar rats.METHODS: SBE was administered to rats by gavage for 26 weeks, at doses of 300, 1250, or 2500 mg·kg-1·d-1 respectively. The rats were euthanized at the end of 13 and 26 weeks daily oral dosing and following 4 weeks of recovery time. The changes of hematology, urinary, blood biochemistry and histomorphology were examined at each time point and focus on liver function and histological changes.RESULTS: When SBE at a dose of up to 2500 mgkg-1 d-1 was fed to male and female rats for 2··6 weeks, the liver tissue showed some inflammatory change that predominated by leukocyte infiltrationbut returned to normal after withdrawal. In addition, high-dose SBE treatment of 26 weeks in rats,glucose, electrolyte and lipid levels also have some changes. In addition, there are no other functional or organic lesions related to SBE treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term and high-dose SBE may cause liver damage, however, the structural damage of the liver can be restored after the ethanol extract stopping. SBE will be well-tolerated for long-term use as a drug or health food, but in order to ensure drug safety, liver function, and serum glucose, electrolyte and lipid levels should be monitored when using SBE long term.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive effects of Qingfei Dayuan granules(清肺达原颗粒,QFDY),and to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of QFDY.METHODS:Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluat...OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive effects of Qingfei Dayuan granules(清肺达原颗粒,QFDY),and to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of QFDY.METHODS:Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by murine model of xylene induced ear edema in mice.Ear swelling degree was calculated and tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 were determined.Anti-tussive evaluations were carried out in the mouse cough model induced by ammonia liquor.Latent period cough and number of cough within 3 min were counted.In acute toxicity study,the rats were randomly divided into test group and solvent control group.Body weighs,food intakes and general clinical signs were monitored.In the sub-chronic toxicity study,QFDY was administered to rats at 0,4,8 and 16 g/kg per day for 28 and 30 d of post treatment was conducted.Mortalities,clinical signs,body weight changes,food intakes,ophthalmological examinations,hematological parameters,biochemical indicators,electrolyte indicators,urinalyses and histopathological examinations were monitored.RESULTS:QFDY significantly inhibited the development of ear edema in anti-inflammatory assay and decreased cough frequency caused by ammonia liquor.The results presented a dose-effect relationship.In acute toxicity study,no abnormality exhibited at dose of 24.0 g/kg per day during the 14-d observation period.In the sub-chronic toxicity study,higher reticulocyte count,lymphocyte and lower Cl-,blood urea nitrogen were analyzed compared with the solvent control group.But the differences were considered to be incidental and not clinically toxic.Obvious dose-effect relationship of urine color was observed,and the three test groups at the end of the experiments resulted in significant increase in urobilinogen,bilirubin,ketone body and urine leukocyte.However,all the positive indicators returned to normal in the recovery period.Therefore,no toxicological changes were found during the study period.CONCLUSION:QFDY showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive effects in mice.The lethal dose(LD50)of per oral QFDY in rats was estimated to be more than 24.0 g/kg per day and the no observed adverse effect level was over 16 g/kg per day,which suggested that QFDY is relatively safe for oral medication at the present dose on rats.Our experimental results provide a reference for the further development and research of QFDY.展开更多
The focus of environmental regulations has changed significantly since the introduction of the bioassay as a standard means of assessing environmental impact.Prominent in this change is an increasing emphasis on prote...The focus of environmental regulations has changed significantly since the introduction of the bioassay as a standard means of assessing environmental impact.Prominent in this change is an increasing emphasis on protecting the integrity of natural ecosystems,which incorporate community-and system-level properties as well as organismal and population processes.Consequently,support for the use of multispecies testing has widened to include not only ecologists in academia but environmental scientists in the regulatory and industrial sector as well.The reason for this trend is clear:the additional environmental realism gained from tests utilizing communities of organisms allows for greater insight into the potential hazard of chemicals and other forms of human activity to natural ecosystems that cannot be obtained from single species tests alone.Many of the problems cited for multispecies testing early in their evolution as a hazard assessment tool have been refuted or overcome.In particular,the use of natural microbial communities minimizes several shortcomings typically associated with multispecies toxicity testing.This discussion includes the utility of microcosm and mesocosm tests using aquatic microbial communities as hazard assessment tools in conjunction with accumulating information on their performance in toxicity testing protocols.An increasing body of experimental evidence supports an expansion in the use of these tests for a variety of regulatory and research purposes.A shift in research focus is needed,however,to answer remaining questions and further refine standard protocols for these valuable ecotoxicological tools.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to screen the pesticides with good control effects against pests in mulberry and small impact on silkworm. [Method] The combined method of indoor toxicity test, field efficacy test, fast test...[Objective] The paper was to screen the pesticides with good control effects against pests in mulberry and small impact on silkworm. [Method] The combined method of indoor toxicity test, field efficacy test, fast testing of pesticide residues and residual toxicity determination were adopted to carry out test. [ Re- suit] Indoor toxicity results showed that LC50 of mulberry No. 1 against Hyalopterus amygdale was （316.1±57.3） mg/kg, and the control effect of mulberry No. 1 at 14 d reached 62.58% ; fast testing of pesticide residues at 7 d showed that the mulberry leaves were safe to silkworms, which reached the standard of leaves for silkworm. [ Conclusion] Mulberry No. 1 was recommended to be the Special pesticide to apply in mulberry field.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Fig fruit powder and olive on hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced by 2-nitropropane(2-NP)in mice,especially if they were used in combination.METHODS:A total of 40 adult BA...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Fig fruit powder and olive on hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced by 2-nitropropane(2-NP)in mice,especially if they were used in combination.METHODS:A total of 40 adult BALB/c male mice weighting 25-30 g/each.Mice were categorized into five groups(8 each).Group 1 as negative control.Group 2 as positive control group intraperitoneally injected with 2-NP(100 mg/kg b.w.)3 times/weekly for eight weeks.Group 3 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with Fig(300 mg/kg).Group 4 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with olive(100 mg/kg).Group 5 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with mixture of Fig and olive(3∶1 respectively).RESULTS:Histopathological observation of liver in mice treated with 2-NP showed cellular degeneration,pyknosis,and congestion of the portal vein.In kidney there were disorganization of the cortical tissues,cellular necrosis and plenty of inflammatory lymphocytic aggregation.Significant elevations in liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase),m RNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and cyclooxygenase were detected as anti-inflammatory markers and 5-lipoxygenase,interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 as inflammatory biomarkers for liver and spleen,also significant elevations was detected in lipid peroxidation levels.The levels of antioxidants,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase,catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:our findings indicated that Fig fruit powder and olive protected against hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced with 2-NP in mice,especially if they were used in combination.展开更多
This study was carried out to evaluate the response of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fingerlings to acute copper sulphate and ferrocene toxicity.Nile tilapia fingerlings weighing 2.3±0.2 g were acclimated an...This study was carried out to evaluate the response of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fingerlings to acute copper sulphate and ferrocene toxicity.Nile tilapia fingerlings weighing 2.3±0.2 g were acclimated and randomly distributed at a rate of 10 fish per 30 L aquarium.Fish were exposed to a range of copper sulphate and ferrocene concentrations of 4 mg/L,8 mg/L,12 mg/L,16 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L,5 mg/L,7.5 mg/L,10 mg/L respectively.Fish not exposed to any toxicant served as control.Mortality was assessed and median lethal concentration(LC50)and median lethal time(LT50)were calculated.The 96-h LC50 values obtained for copper sulphate and ferrocene were 7.49 mg/L(confidence interval CI:6.35 to 8.57 mg/L)and 3.55 mg/L(CI:0.98 to 5.17 mg/L)respectively.The LC50 decreased with time of exposure implying that toxicity increased over time,however,LT50 decreased as concentration increased.The safe concentration for copper sulphate derived was 1.913 mg/L and 1.196 mg/L for ferrocene.Histological analyses were carried out on fish gills and skin.The skin histomorphology showed marked and widespread epidermal loss and widespread mycocytic degeneration in treatments with high concentration for both toxicants.The gill morphology showed moderate to severe hyperplasia of the primary gill epithelia leading to partial or complete loss of the secondary lamellae.展开更多
[Objective] This study was carried out to provide toxicological basic data for the development and research of Yushen Xiaoyang Lotion.[Method]SPF SD mice, half male and half female, were divided into a blank control g...[Objective] This study was carried out to provide toxicological basic data for the development and research of Yushen Xiaoyang Lotion.[Method]SPF SD mice, half male and half female, were divided into a blank control group and a Yusheng Xiaoyang Lotion group randomly. The percutaneous acute toxicity of Yusheng Xiaoyang Lotion was observed by one time limited dose method, and ap-parent sign changes and death condition of mice after administration of the drug were recorded. After the test, all the animals were weighed and subjected to gross anatomy, and if there were abnormal phenomena, further histopathological examina-tion of should be done. Animals died during the test should be subjected to anato-my. [Result] All the mice survived and exhibited normal behavior,glossy hair and increase of body weight in accordance with growth law.No local and systematic toxicity responses on skin were observed. In visual observation after dissection, no pathologic changes on heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were observed. There were no significant differences in body weight between the Yusheng Xiaoyang Lo-tion group and the blank control group before administration,the 7th d after adminis-tration and the 14th after administration （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] In the transdermaldrug delivery acute toxicity test of Yusheng Xiaoyang Lotion on mice, no obvious toxic responses were observed under the total dose of 89.70 g/kg （equivalent to 120 times of the clinical daily dose for adults）.展开更多
AIM: To study the toxicity of bicyclol to animals. METHODS: Acute toxicity test was performed in Kunming strain mice that were orally given bicyclol at the doses of 3 and 5 g/kg body weight, respectively. Wistar rats ...AIM: To study the toxicity of bicyclol to animals. METHODS: Acute toxicity test was performed in Kunming strain mice that were orally given bicyclol at the doses of 3 and 5 g/kg body weight, respectively. Wistar rats were orally administered bicyclol at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight. Death and clinical symptoms of animals were recorded within 7 d. Sub-acute toxicity test was carried out in rats that were treated with various doses of bicyclol (150, 300, 600 mg/kg) once daily for 14 d. Animal behaviors, blood biochemical markers, blood and urine pictures were examined. Chronic toxicity test was conducted in 80 Wistar rats of both sexes. The animals were orally administered with various doses of bicyclol [150, 300, 600 mg/kg, 100-400 folds corresponding to the proposed therapeutic dose (1.5 mg/(kg·d)) of bicyclol for patients] once daily for 6 mo except for Sunday. The control group was given the same volume of 0.2% sodium carboxyl methylcellulose (Na-CMC). Twenty-one beagle dogs received bicyclol (25, 75, 225 mg/kg, 16.6, 50, 150 folds corresponding to the proposed therapeutic dose of bicyclol for patients) once a day for 6 mo except for Sunday. The body weight, food intake, urine and feces, blood picture, blood biochemical markers, and pathological examination of main organs were determined. Mutagenicity and teratogenicity were determined. Mutagenicity assay included Ames's test, chromosome aberration test in CHL cells and micronucleus test in mice. For the teratogenicity assay, pregnant Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were treated with 0.2,1.0 g/kg bicyclol once daily from the 7th d of gestation for 10 d. RESULTS: The oral LD50 of bicyclol was over 5 g/kg in mice and rats. No noticeable alterations in subacute and chronic toxicity of rats and dogs were demonstrated. No mutagenicity and teratogenicity of bicyclol were found. CONCLUSION: Bicyclol has no detectable chronic toxicity as well as mutagenicity and teratogenicity in animals.展开更多
Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the...Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system（thighbone, knee joints, and costal cartilage） were significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys（P 〈 0.05）. The relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system（thighbone and costal cartilage） were also significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys. The rats administered T-2 toxin showed rapid metabolism compared with that in rats administered HT-2 toxin, and the metabolic conversion rates in the different tissues were 68.20%-90.70%.展开更多
The acute and chronic toxic effects of bifenthrin on Daphnia magna were studied. The results showed that 24 h-EC 50 , 48 h-LC 50 and 96 h-LC 50 of bifenthrin on D. magna were 3.24, 12.40 and 1.40 μg/L r...The acute and chronic toxic effects of bifenthrin on Daphnia magna were studied. The results showed that 24 h-EC 50 , 48 h-LC 50 and 96 h-LC 50 of bifenthrin on D. magna were 3.24, 12.40 and 1.40 μg/L respectively. And the LOEC and NOEC of bifenthrin were 0.02 and 0.004 μg/L respectively. The recovery test of bifenthrin on Daphnia magna was presented. Daphnia magna(F 0 generation) were exposed during 21 d to different bifenthrin concentrations. Offspring(animals from the first and third brood: F 1(1st) and F 1(3rd), respectively) were transferred to a free pesticide medium during a 21 d recovery period. In this recovery study, survival, growth, reproduction(mean total young per female, onset of reproduction and number broods per female) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were assessed as parameters. Reproduction such as number of young per female as well as length was still reduced in F 1(1st) generation daphnids from parentals(F 0) exposed to the bifenthrin. However F 1(3rd) individuals from parentals exposed to pesticide concentrations were able to restore reproduction when a recovery period of 21 d was allowed, but the length of F 1(3rd) from parentals exposed to the 0.5 and 0.75 μg/L bifenthrin concentration was still significantly effected(P<0.05).展开更多
To address the controversial issue of the toxicity of dental alloys and silver nanoparticles in medical ap- plications, an in vivo-like LO2 3-D model was constructed within polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber materia...To address the controversial issue of the toxicity of dental alloys and silver nanoparticles in medical ap- plications, an in vivo-like LO2 3-D model was constructed within polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber materials to mimic the microenvironment of liver tissue. The use of microscopy methods and the measurement of liver-specific functions optimized the model for best cell performances and also proved the superiority of the 3-D LO2 model when compared with the traditional monolayer model. Toxicity tests were conducted using the newly constructed model, finding that four dental castings coated with silver nanoparticles were toxic to human hepatocytes after cell viability assays. In general, the toxicity of both the castings and the coated silver nanoparticles aggravated as time increased, yet the nanoparticles attenuated the general toxicity by preventing metal ion release, especially at high concentrations.展开更多
Through separating and purifying diseased mushrooms infected by Mycogone perniciosa in Gaochun Area, Nanjing City, morphological features of the bacteria were identified, and toxicity of the bacterial strains was test...Through separating and purifying diseased mushrooms infected by Mycogone perniciosa in Gaochun Area, Nanjing City, morphological features of the bacteria were identified, and toxicity of the bacterial strains was tested. The results showed that five bactericides in the experiment had obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of M. perniciosa, especially 50% Prochloraz manganese chloride complex WP 5 g/L had the best efficiency.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper aimed to screen out efficient and safe insecticides against Gerataphis lataniae Biosduval. [ Method ] Control effects of five insecticides against C. lataniae were studied through indoor bioass...[ Objective ] The paper aimed to screen out efficient and safe insecticides against Gerataphis lataniae Biosduval. [ Method ] Control effects of five insecticides against C. lataniae were studied through indoor bioassay and field trial. [ Result] Bioassay results showed that the indoor toxieities of 10% ct-cyper- methrin, 22% sulfoxaflor and 10% imidecloprid were higher, with LC50 of 15.28, 30.00 and 30.23 rag/L, respectively. In field trials, the control effects of 10% α-cypermethrin, 22% sulfoxaflor and 10% imidacloprid against C. lataniae were over 90% for all the concentrations at 10 d post adminstration. The control effect of 22% sulfoxaflor reached 100% for all the concentrations at 5 d post administration. [ Conclusion] 10% α-cypermethrin was a superior pesticide against C. /a- taniae, but 22% sulfoxaflor and 10% imidaclopfid were more efficient in emergency.展开更多
The safety of oxyclozanidc suspension was preliminarily evaluated through acute toxicity test in mice. Administration dose, formal trial grouping and group interval were determined in pre-trial using incremental metho...The safety of oxyclozanidc suspension was preliminarily evaluated through acute toxicity test in mice. Administration dose, formal trial grouping and group interval were determined in pre-trial using incremental method. Formal test was performed using simplified karber＇s method. Changes in sign of mice after ad- ministration were observed; the mortality rate was statistically calculated, and the time of death was recorded; the median lethal dose （LD50） and 95% confidence limit of oxyclozanide suspension were calculated. The results showed the LD50 of oxyclozanide suspension in mice by oral administration was 1. 679 g/kg, and the 95% confidence interval was 1. 439 - 1. 947 g/kg. According to toxicity grading of chemicals, oxyclozanide suspension was low toxic substance.展开更多
[ Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Shenrong Bunao Capsule, and to provide a theoretical basis for drug devel- opmcn! and clinical trims. [ Methods] Kunming mice were randomly...[ Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Shenrong Bunao Capsule, and to provide a theoretical basis for drug devel- opmcn! and clinical trims. [ Methods] Kunming mice were randomly assigned into two groups： an experimental group and a control group. In experimental group, Shenrong Bunao Capsule solution at maximum concentration of 45% was administered orally by gavage once at a dose of 30 ml/kg body weight （ BW）, while an equal volume of saline solution was given in the control group. Then, the appearance, behavior, mental state, diet, feces, urine, coat, skin color, respiration, nose, eyes and oral secretions and other daily activities of the mice were observed for 14 d after drug administration. At the end of the experiment, the mice were dissected, and their main organs were examined histopathologically. [Results] The appearance, behavior, respiration, body posture, response to stimuli and weight gain of the mice in control group were all normal. All the mice given 13. 500 g/kg BW Shenrong Bunao Capsule were alive 14 d after drug administration, and their appearance, behavior, respiration, body posture, response to stimuli and weight gains did not show any abnormality. In addition, the body weights of male and female mice had no obvious difference between the experimental group and the control group at the binging, 7 and 14 d after drug administration （P 〈0.05）. [ Conclusions] A maximum dose 13. 500 g/kg BW Shenrong Bunao Capsule, which was equivalent to 141 times of the recommended dosage for adult men was given to the mice, and did not result in any apparent toxic effects, suggesting that the Chines herbal preparation Shenrong Bunao Capsule has very little acute toxicity, and the commonly recommended dosage in clinical trials is safe.展开更多
文摘The present investigation studied the toxicity of soil contaminated by untreated discharge from a factory that recycles used plastics. The nearby agricultural areas and freshwater fish ponds were polluted with high concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Mn. Water extracts from the contaminated soil retarded root growth of Brassica chinensis (Chinese white cabbage) and Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) where their seeds were obtained commercially. The contaminated populations of C. dactylon, Panicum repen (panic grass), and Imperata cylindrica (wooly grass) were able to withstand higher concentrations of Cu. Ni, and Mn, especially C. dactylon, when compared with their uncontaminated counterparts. 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘A respirometer has been developed for microbial toxicity tests. The respirometer is based on luminescence quenching by molecular oxygen. The oxygen sensing film consists of luminescent ruthenium complex adsorbed on amorphous fumed silica and immobilized inside silicone rubber. The luminescence intensity depends on the oxygen concentration of sample in contact with sensing film. The inhibition effect of heavy metals on the respiration rate of microorganisms can be evaluated by monitoring the luminescence intensity of the sensing film. The toxicity of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ , Pb 2+ and Hg 2+ on activated sludge was tested using the respirometer. The results indicated that the proposed method was sensitive to the heavy metals tested in this experiment. It was feasible to use the respirometer for microbial toxicity tests.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract on mice,determine its safety range,and evaluate its hepatoprotective effect.[Methods]The median lethal dose(LD_(50))was determined by acute toxicity test with the toxic reaction and mortality of mice as indexes.Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model group(ConA-induced liver injury model),Jinchuan formula plum wine high,medium and low dose groups(1.0,0.5,0.25 g/kg)and silybin group(0.1 g/kg).The levels of ALT,AST,LDH in serum and TG,VLDL in liver were measured.After HE staining,the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice were observed,and the liver protective effect of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract was analyzed and evaluated.[Results]LD_(50)was 11.18 g/kg,and the 95%confidence limit of LD_(50)was 10.31-12.05 g/kg.The high-dose group of Jinchuan formula plum wine extract could significantly reduce the serum ALT and AST activities of ConA-induced liver injury mice(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jinchuan formula plum wine extract is relatively safe,and also has a protective effect on liver injury.
基金Supported by Modern Pharmaceutical Program of Guiyang Scientific and Technological Planning Project in 2013(ZKHT[2013204]4-6)Special Fund for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Modernization Technology Industry(QKHZYZ[2011]5012)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to determine the safe dose of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule in clinic by evaluating its acute toxicity, so as to ensure clinical medication safety. [Method] The test was designed according to ＂Technique Requirements of Research of New Chinese Medicine＂ and ＂Guide for Research of New Chinese Medicine＂, mice were intragastrically administrated with Tongmai Tangyanming capsule at a maximum concentration and a maximum volume, and the acute toxic response of mice was observed, so as to determine medi- na lethal dose （LDso） and maximum administration dosage of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule. [Result] The LD^o could not be detected in the test, and the maximum administration dosage of mouse was calculated to be 112.104 g of dried herbs/（kg.d）, equivalent to 260 times of clinical dose of adult. [Conclusion] Chinese herbal compound Tongmai Tangyanming capsule has low acute toxicity, and its clinical dose is safe and reliable.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Transport Characters and Mechanism Research of Multiplicity Ingredient TCM Utilizing Sensitive Bioactivity in Caco-2 Cell Model,No.81173645)Program for Innovative Research Team in IMPLAD(Discovery and foundation of new drug of TCM)+2 种基金a grant from the Basic Scientific Research Special of the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes of IMPLAD(Research on the Kidney Stone Activities and Preliminary Mechanisms of Aspidopterys Obcordata,No.YZYN-15-06)PUMC Youth Fund(Study of Anti-Tumor Activities of Pegylation Artemisinin Prodrugs Based on PK-PD Binding Model,No.33320140076)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Preparation of Silica-Based Nanoparticles/PDMS Hybrid Membranes for Pervaporation of Ethanol/Water Mixtures,No.2132010)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of Aspidopterys obcordata(A. obcordata) in Sprague Dawley rats.METHODS: The rats were orally administered a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and observed continuously for 6 h and then daily for 14 days. Control rats were administered distilled water. The effect of the extract on general behavior, body weight, and food and water intake were measured.After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed and their organs(liver, heart, spleen, lungs, kidney, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes) were removed for macroscopic examination. The body and organ weights in addition to hematology(e.g., hemoglobin and white blood cell counts) and clinical blood biochemistry(e.g., albumin and bilirubin) were also examined.RESULTS: There were no deaths recorded, and the rats treated with A. obcordata showed no signs of toxicity. All measured parameters in rats treated with A. obcordata were unaffected when compared with those in control rats. The acute toxicity(LD_(50))was estimated to be > 5000 mg/kg body weight.CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the safety of an acute oral administration of an aqueous extract of A. obcordata in rats and indicate that future subacute and long-term toxicity testing of A. obcordata is warranted.
基金Supported by Major National Science and Technology Projects of China(No.2015ZX09501004No.2014 ZX09304307001+1 种基金No.2014ZX09201022-004)Beijing Science and Technology Projects(No.Z161100004916025,No.Z151100000115012)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential chronic liver toxicity of oral administration of ethanol extract of Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)(SBE) in Wistar rats.METHODS: SBE was administered to rats by gavage for 26 weeks, at doses of 300, 1250, or 2500 mg·kg-1·d-1 respectively. The rats were euthanized at the end of 13 and 26 weeks daily oral dosing and following 4 weeks of recovery time. The changes of hematology, urinary, blood biochemistry and histomorphology were examined at each time point and focus on liver function and histological changes.RESULTS: When SBE at a dose of up to 2500 mgkg-1 d-1 was fed to male and female rats for 2··6 weeks, the liver tissue showed some inflammatory change that predominated by leukocyte infiltrationbut returned to normal after withdrawal. In addition, high-dose SBE treatment of 26 weeks in rats,glucose, electrolyte and lipid levels also have some changes. In addition, there are no other functional or organic lesions related to SBE treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term and high-dose SBE may cause liver damage, however, the structural damage of the liver can be restored after the ethanol extract stopping. SBE will be well-tolerated for long-term use as a drug or health food, but in order to ensure drug safety, liver function, and serum glucose, electrolyte and lipid levels should be monitored when using SBE long term.
基金Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province:Preclinical Study on Qingfei Dayuan granules (No.2021BGE017)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive effects of Qingfei Dayuan granules(清肺达原颗粒,QFDY),and to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of QFDY.METHODS:Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by murine model of xylene induced ear edema in mice.Ear swelling degree was calculated and tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 were determined.Anti-tussive evaluations were carried out in the mouse cough model induced by ammonia liquor.Latent period cough and number of cough within 3 min were counted.In acute toxicity study,the rats were randomly divided into test group and solvent control group.Body weighs,food intakes and general clinical signs were monitored.In the sub-chronic toxicity study,QFDY was administered to rats at 0,4,8 and 16 g/kg per day for 28 and 30 d of post treatment was conducted.Mortalities,clinical signs,body weight changes,food intakes,ophthalmological examinations,hematological parameters,biochemical indicators,electrolyte indicators,urinalyses and histopathological examinations were monitored.RESULTS:QFDY significantly inhibited the development of ear edema in anti-inflammatory assay and decreased cough frequency caused by ammonia liquor.The results presented a dose-effect relationship.In acute toxicity study,no abnormality exhibited at dose of 24.0 g/kg per day during the 14-d observation period.In the sub-chronic toxicity study,higher reticulocyte count,lymphocyte and lower Cl-,blood urea nitrogen were analyzed compared with the solvent control group.But the differences were considered to be incidental and not clinically toxic.Obvious dose-effect relationship of urine color was observed,and the three test groups at the end of the experiments resulted in significant increase in urobilinogen,bilirubin,ketone body and urine leukocyte.However,all the positive indicators returned to normal in the recovery period.Therefore,no toxicological changes were found during the study period.CONCLUSION:QFDY showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-tussive effects in mice.The lethal dose(LD50)of per oral QFDY in rats was estimated to be more than 24.0 g/kg per day and the no observed adverse effect level was over 16 g/kg per day,which suggested that QFDY is relatively safe for oral medication at the present dose on rats.Our experimental results provide a reference for the further development and research of QFDY.
基金This manuscript and specific ex periments discussed within were sponsored,in part,by grants from The Procter&Gamble Company and the du Pont Educational Foundation,altbough the authors take full responsibility for the views ex-pressed herein.
文摘The focus of environmental regulations has changed significantly since the introduction of the bioassay as a standard means of assessing environmental impact.Prominent in this change is an increasing emphasis on protecting the integrity of natural ecosystems,which incorporate community-and system-level properties as well as organismal and population processes.Consequently,support for the use of multispecies testing has widened to include not only ecologists in academia but environmental scientists in the regulatory and industrial sector as well.The reason for this trend is clear:the additional environmental realism gained from tests utilizing communities of organisms allows for greater insight into the potential hazard of chemicals and other forms of human activity to natural ecosystems that cannot be obtained from single species tests alone.Many of the problems cited for multispecies testing early in their evolution as a hazard assessment tool have been refuted or overcome.In particular,the use of natural microbial communities minimizes several shortcomings typically associated with multispecies toxicity testing.This discussion includes the utility of microcosm and mesocosm tests using aquatic microbial communities as hazard assessment tools in conjunction with accumulating information on their performance in toxicity testing protocols.An increasing body of experimental evidence supports an expansion in the use of these tests for a variety of regulatory and research purposes.A shift in research focus is needed,however,to answer remaining questions and further refine standard protocols for these valuable ecotoxicological tools.
基金Supported by Education Science Foundation of Guangxi Education Department(GJKY[2007]No.34)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to screen the pesticides with good control effects against pests in mulberry and small impact on silkworm. [Method] The combined method of indoor toxicity test, field efficacy test, fast testing of pesticide residues and residual toxicity determination were adopted to carry out test. [ Re- suit] Indoor toxicity results showed that LC50 of mulberry No. 1 against Hyalopterus amygdale was （316.1±57.3） mg/kg, and the control effect of mulberry No. 1 at 14 d reached 62.58% ; fast testing of pesticide residues at 7 d showed that the mulberry leaves were safe to silkworms, which reached the standard of leaves for silkworm. [ Conclusion] Mulberry No. 1 was recommended to be the Special pesticide to apply in mulberry field.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Fig fruit powder and olive on hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced by 2-nitropropane(2-NP)in mice,especially if they were used in combination.METHODS:A total of 40 adult BALB/c male mice weighting 25-30 g/each.Mice were categorized into five groups(8 each).Group 1 as negative control.Group 2 as positive control group intraperitoneally injected with 2-NP(100 mg/kg b.w.)3 times/weekly for eight weeks.Group 3 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with Fig(300 mg/kg).Group 4 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with olive(100 mg/kg).Group 5 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with mixture of Fig and olive(3∶1 respectively).RESULTS:Histopathological observation of liver in mice treated with 2-NP showed cellular degeneration,pyknosis,and congestion of the portal vein.In kidney there were disorganization of the cortical tissues,cellular necrosis and plenty of inflammatory lymphocytic aggregation.Significant elevations in liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase),m RNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and cyclooxygenase were detected as anti-inflammatory markers and 5-lipoxygenase,interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 as inflammatory biomarkers for liver and spleen,also significant elevations was detected in lipid peroxidation levels.The levels of antioxidants,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase,catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:our findings indicated that Fig fruit powder and olive protected against hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced with 2-NP in mice,especially if they were used in combination.
文摘This study was carried out to evaluate the response of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fingerlings to acute copper sulphate and ferrocene toxicity.Nile tilapia fingerlings weighing 2.3±0.2 g were acclimated and randomly distributed at a rate of 10 fish per 30 L aquarium.Fish were exposed to a range of copper sulphate and ferrocene concentrations of 4 mg/L,8 mg/L,12 mg/L,16 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L,5 mg/L,7.5 mg/L,10 mg/L respectively.Fish not exposed to any toxicant served as control.Mortality was assessed and median lethal concentration(LC50)and median lethal time(LT50)were calculated.The 96-h LC50 values obtained for copper sulphate and ferrocene were 7.49 mg/L(confidence interval CI:6.35 to 8.57 mg/L)and 3.55 mg/L(CI:0.98 to 5.17 mg/L)respectively.The LC50 decreased with time of exposure implying that toxicity increased over time,however,LT50 decreased as concentration increased.The safe concentration for copper sulphate derived was 1.913 mg/L and 1.196 mg/L for ferrocene.Histological analyses were carried out on fish gills and skin.The skin histomorphology showed marked and widespread epidermal loss and widespread mycocytic degeneration in treatments with high concentration for both toxicants.The gill morphology showed moderate to severe hyperplasia of the primary gill epithelia leading to partial or complete loss of the secondary lamellae.
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Minority Medicine Technique Research Subject of Guizhou Administrative Bureau of TCM(QZYY-2015-134,QZYY-2014-026)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was carried out to provide toxicological basic data for the development and research of Yushen Xiaoyang Lotion.[Method]SPF SD mice, half male and half female, were divided into a blank control group and a Yusheng Xiaoyang Lotion group randomly. The percutaneous acute toxicity of Yusheng Xiaoyang Lotion was observed by one time limited dose method, and ap-parent sign changes and death condition of mice after administration of the drug were recorded. After the test, all the animals were weighed and subjected to gross anatomy, and if there were abnormal phenomena, further histopathological examina-tion of should be done. Animals died during the test should be subjected to anato-my. [Result] All the mice survived and exhibited normal behavior,glossy hair and increase of body weight in accordance with growth law.No local and systematic toxicity responses on skin were observed. In visual observation after dissection, no pathologic changes on heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were observed. There were no significant differences in body weight between the Yusheng Xiaoyang Lo-tion group and the blank control group before administration,the 7th d after adminis-tration and the 14th after administration （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] In the transdermaldrug delivery acute toxicity test of Yusheng Xiaoyang Lotion on mice, no obvious toxic responses were observed under the total dose of 89.70 g/kg （equivalent to 120 times of the clinical daily dose for adults）.
基金Supported by the Grant From Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China, No.96-901-01 -45
文摘AIM: To study the toxicity of bicyclol to animals. METHODS: Acute toxicity test was performed in Kunming strain mice that were orally given bicyclol at the doses of 3 and 5 g/kg body weight, respectively. Wistar rats were orally administered bicyclol at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight. Death and clinical symptoms of animals were recorded within 7 d. Sub-acute toxicity test was carried out in rats that were treated with various doses of bicyclol (150, 300, 600 mg/kg) once daily for 14 d. Animal behaviors, blood biochemical markers, blood and urine pictures were examined. Chronic toxicity test was conducted in 80 Wistar rats of both sexes. The animals were orally administered with various doses of bicyclol [150, 300, 600 mg/kg, 100-400 folds corresponding to the proposed therapeutic dose (1.5 mg/(kg·d)) of bicyclol for patients] once daily for 6 mo except for Sunday. The control group was given the same volume of 0.2% sodium carboxyl methylcellulose (Na-CMC). Twenty-one beagle dogs received bicyclol (25, 75, 225 mg/kg, 16.6, 50, 150 folds corresponding to the proposed therapeutic dose of bicyclol for patients) once a day for 6 mo except for Sunday. The body weight, food intake, urine and feces, blood picture, blood biochemical markers, and pathological examination of main organs were determined. Mutagenicity and teratogenicity were determined. Mutagenicity assay included Ames's test, chromosome aberration test in CHL cells and micronucleus test in mice. For the teratogenicity assay, pregnant Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were treated with 0.2,1.0 g/kg bicyclol once daily from the 7th d of gestation for 10 d. RESULTS: The oral LD50 of bicyclol was over 5 g/kg in mice and rats. No noticeable alterations in subacute and chronic toxicity of rats and dogs were demonstrated. No mutagenicity and teratogenicity of bicyclol were found. CONCLUSION: Bicyclol has no detectable chronic toxicity as well as mutagenicity and teratogenicity in animals.
基金partially supported by National Natural Scientific Foundation of China[81620108026,81302393]
文摘Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system（thighbone, knee joints, and costal cartilage） were significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys（P 〈 0.05）. The relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system（thighbone and costal cartilage） were also significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys. The rats administered T-2 toxin showed rapid metabolism compared with that in rats administered HT-2 toxin, and the metabolic conversion rates in the different tissues were 68.20%-90.70%.
文摘The acute and chronic toxic effects of bifenthrin on Daphnia magna were studied. The results showed that 24 h-EC 50 , 48 h-LC 50 and 96 h-LC 50 of bifenthrin on D. magna were 3.24, 12.40 and 1.40 μg/L respectively. And the LOEC and NOEC of bifenthrin were 0.02 and 0.004 μg/L respectively. The recovery test of bifenthrin on Daphnia magna was presented. Daphnia magna(F 0 generation) were exposed during 21 d to different bifenthrin concentrations. Offspring(animals from the first and third brood: F 1(1st) and F 1(3rd), respectively) were transferred to a free pesticide medium during a 21 d recovery period. In this recovery study, survival, growth, reproduction(mean total young per female, onset of reproduction and number broods per female) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were assessed as parameters. Reproduction such as number of young per female as well as length was still reduced in F 1(1st) generation daphnids from parentals(F 0) exposed to the bifenthrin. However F 1(3rd) individuals from parentals exposed to pesticide concentrations were able to restore reproduction when a recovery period of 21 d was allowed, but the length of F 1(3rd) from parentals exposed to the 0.5 and 0.75 μg/L bifenthrin concentration was still significantly effected(P<0.05).
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ14C200001)the Public Welfare Project of Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2013c33139),China
文摘To address the controversial issue of the toxicity of dental alloys and silver nanoparticles in medical ap- plications, an in vivo-like LO2 3-D model was constructed within polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber materials to mimic the microenvironment of liver tissue. The use of microscopy methods and the measurement of liver-specific functions optimized the model for best cell performances and also proved the superiority of the 3-D LO2 model when compared with the traditional monolayer model. Toxicity tests were conducted using the newly constructed model, finding that four dental castings coated with silver nanoparticles were toxic to human hepatocytes after cell viability assays. In general, the toxicity of both the castings and the coated silver nanoparticles aggravated as time increased, yet the nanoparticles attenuated the general toxicity by preventing metal ion release, especially at high concentrations.
基金Sponsored by Qing Lan Project&Research Program of Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry(2011KJ14)
文摘Through separating and purifying diseased mushrooms infected by Mycogone perniciosa in Gaochun Area, Nanjing City, morphological features of the bacteria were identified, and toxicity of the bacterial strains was tested. The results showed that five bactericides in the experiment had obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of M. perniciosa, especially 50% Prochloraz manganese chloride complex WP 5 g/L had the best efficiency.
基金Supported by Operating Funds of Hainan Province(KYYS-2013-49,KYYS-2014-25)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper aimed to screen out efficient and safe insecticides against Gerataphis lataniae Biosduval. [ Method ] Control effects of five insecticides against C. lataniae were studied through indoor bioassay and field trial. [ Result] Bioassay results showed that the indoor toxieities of 10% ct-cyper- methrin, 22% sulfoxaflor and 10% imidecloprid were higher, with LC50 of 15.28, 30.00 and 30.23 rag/L, respectively. In field trials, the control effects of 10% α-cypermethrin, 22% sulfoxaflor and 10% imidacloprid against C. lataniae were over 90% for all the concentrations at 10 d post adminstration. The control effect of 22% sulfoxaflor reached 100% for all the concentrations at 5 d post administration. [ Conclusion] 10% α-cypermethrin was a superior pesticide against C. /a- taniae, but 22% sulfoxaflor and 10% imidaclopfid were more efficient in emergency.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BAD1101)Special Project of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CAR-38)
文摘The safety of oxyclozanidc suspension was preliminarily evaluated through acute toxicity test in mice. Administration dose, formal trial grouping and group interval were determined in pre-trial using incremental method. Formal test was performed using simplified karber＇s method. Changes in sign of mice after ad- ministration were observed; the mortality rate was statistically calculated, and the time of death was recorded; the median lethal dose （LD50） and 95% confidence limit of oxyclozanide suspension were calculated. The results showed the LD50 of oxyclozanide suspension in mice by oral administration was 1. 679 g/kg, and the 95% confidence interval was 1. 439 - 1. 947 g/kg. According to toxicity grading of chemicals, oxyclozanide suspension was low toxic substance.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Guizhou Province(SY[2015]3028-3)
文摘[ Objectives] This study was conducted to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Shenrong Bunao Capsule, and to provide a theoretical basis for drug devel- opmcn! and clinical trims. [ Methods] Kunming mice were randomly assigned into two groups： an experimental group and a control group. In experimental group, Shenrong Bunao Capsule solution at maximum concentration of 45% was administered orally by gavage once at a dose of 30 ml/kg body weight （ BW）, while an equal volume of saline solution was given in the control group. Then, the appearance, behavior, mental state, diet, feces, urine, coat, skin color, respiration, nose, eyes and oral secretions and other daily activities of the mice were observed for 14 d after drug administration. At the end of the experiment, the mice were dissected, and their main organs were examined histopathologically. [Results] The appearance, behavior, respiration, body posture, response to stimuli and weight gain of the mice in control group were all normal. All the mice given 13. 500 g/kg BW Shenrong Bunao Capsule were alive 14 d after drug administration, and their appearance, behavior, respiration, body posture, response to stimuli and weight gains did not show any abnormality. In addition, the body weights of male and female mice had no obvious difference between the experimental group and the control group at the binging, 7 and 14 d after drug administration （P 〈0.05）. [ Conclusions] A maximum dose 13. 500 g/kg BW Shenrong Bunao Capsule, which was equivalent to 141 times of the recommended dosage for adult men was given to the mice, and did not result in any apparent toxic effects, suggesting that the Chines herbal preparation Shenrong Bunao Capsule has very little acute toxicity, and the commonly recommended dosage in clinical trials is safe.
