After the publication of History and Class Consciousness, the concept of totality became an important role through Georg Lukacs’ development of thought. Yet, this concept changed with his thinking. Indeed, totality a...After the publication of History and Class Consciousness, the concept of totality became an important role through Georg Lukacs’ development of thought. Yet, this concept changed with his thinking. Indeed, totality as an idea had emerged in his critique of capitalist culture in his pre-Marxism;we can claim that the concept of totality as Marxist dialectics originated in that period. Thus, it is necessary to interpret his idea of totality in pre-Marxism in order to understand wholly the concept of totality.展开更多
Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and ali...Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and alienated practice （Lukacs, Habermas, Honneth）; a bad totality, in which the real polydimensional subject is replaced by the one-dimensional, mythologized, fetishized, and economistically reduced ＂subject＂ of consummation （Marcuse, Baudrillard）. The dialectics of concrete totality implies a marxistic critique of the ethical and juristic universalism, in the context of the ＂positive＂ side of globalization and political unilateralism, as a concrete, militant, hegemonistic, post-colonial, and neo-imperial practice （Apel, Habermas, Chomsky, Zinoviev）; globalization as totali（tari）zation, the ＂last man,＂ the ＂end of history,＂ and the ＂end＂ of dialectics in its neo-liberal, eschatological, empty ideological ＂realization＂ （Hegel, Marx, Fukuyama, Arendt）; the totality of the （invariable） being as a pseudo-concrete and pseudo-dialectical ontologistic speculation （Heidegger）： A ＂return＂ to a concrete history and a return of the ＂positive＂ dialectics as a critical awareness, mind, and method in the discourse ＂game＂ of human＇s cognitive, creative, and practical powers. The assumption of Kosik＇s humanism is a synchrony of nature and history in the ＂absolute＂ totality of human＇s concrete existence （Lukacs, Goldmann, Adorno, Sartre, Kosik）.展开更多
In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment...In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.展开更多
With the continuous control of anthropogenic emissions,China’s air quality has improved significantly in recent years.Given this background,research on how the short-term exposure risks caused by air pollution in Chi...With the continuous control of anthropogenic emissions,China’s air quality has improved significantly in recent years.Given this background,research on how the short-term exposure risks caused by air pollution in China have changed is insufficient.This study utilized hourly concentration data from ground observation stations and the official air quality guidelines of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China and the World Health Organization as standards to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and short-term exposure risks of air pollution in China from 2015 to 2022.The results indicate that various atmospheric pollutants except for ozone showed a decreasing trend yearly.Nationwide,both single pollutant air pollution days(SAPDs)and multiple pollutant air pollution days(MAPDs)showed varying degrees of reduction within 15 and 25 days,respectively.SAPD was dominated mainly by excessive PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)pollutants,while MAPD was dominated mainly by excessive pollutant combinations,including PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),CO+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),and SO_(2)+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10).As the concentration of atmospheric pollutants decreased,the total excess risk(ER)decreased yearly from 2015 to 2022,but there were significant regional differences.Now,the ER is less than 0.25%in southern China,in the range of 0.25%-0.5%in the North China Plain and some cities in the northeast,and higher than 1%in the northwest.Particulate matter is currently the primary pollutant posing short-term exposure risk in China,especially due to the impact of sandstorm weather.This study indicates that China’s atmospheric cleaning action is significantly beneficial for reducing health risks.展开更多
This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The inp...This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.展开更多
The alpine ecosystem has great potential for carbon sequestration.Soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)are highly sensitive to climate change,and their dynamics are crucial to revealing the effect of climate ...The alpine ecosystem has great potential for carbon sequestration.Soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)are highly sensitive to climate change,and their dynamics are crucial to revealing the effect of climate change on the structure,function,and services of the ecosystem.However,the spatial distribution and controlling factors of SOC and TN across various soil layers and vegetation types within this unique ecosystem remain inadequately understood.In this study,256 soil samples in 89 sites were collected from the Three River Headwaters Region(TRHR)in China to investigate SOC and TN and to explore the primary factors affecting their distribution,including soil,vegetation,climate,and geography factors.The results show that SOC and TN contents in 0-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-80 cm soil layers are 24.40,18.03,14.04,12.40 g/kg and 2.46,1.90,1.51,1.17 g/kg,respectively;with higher concentrations observed in the southeastern region compared to the northwest of the TRHR.One-way analysis of variance reveals that SOC and TN levels are elevated in the alpine meadow and the alpine shrub relative to the alpine steppe in the 0-60 cm soil layers.The structural equation model explores that soil water content is the main controlling factor affecting the variation of SOC and TN.Moreover,the geography,climate,and vegetation factors notably indirectly affect SOC and TN through soil factors.Therefore,it can effectively improve soil water and nutrient conditions through vegetation restoration,soil improvement,and grazing management,and the change of SOC and TN can be fully understood by establishing monitoring networks to better protect soil carbon and nitrogen.展开更多
Continuous research on Cephalotaxus plants has ultimately led to the US food and drug administration (FDA) ap-provalof homoharringtonine in 2012 for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Additionally, another imp...Continuous research on Cephalotaxus plants has ultimately led to the US food and drug administration (FDA) ap-provalof homoharringtonine in 2012 for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Additionally, another important class of natural products from Cephalotaxus plants is cephalotane diterpenoids. Since the discovery of the first member, harring-tonolide,in 1978, cephalotane diterpenoids have garnered significant attention from the scientific community due to their re-markableanti-cancer activity. The unique structural features of cephalotane diterpenoids, a 7/6/5/6-fused tetracyclic carbon skeleton and a bridged lactone, make them ideal targets for synthetic chemists. Successfully synthesizing these complex diterpenoids is of great importance for the discovery and development of anti-tumor drugs. To date, ten research groups have completed the total synthesis of 24 cephalotane diterpenoids. The latest progress in the total synthesis of cephalotane diterpe-noidsis reviewed, showcasing the importance of these innovative synthetic strategies in the efficient synthesis of complex natural products and their potential significance in advancing the field of drug discovery.展开更多
Appreciation of soft-tissue thickness(STT)at surgical sites is an increasingly recognized aspect of arthroplasty procedures as it may potentially impacting postoperative outcomes.Recent research has focused on the pre...Appreciation of soft-tissue thickness(STT)at surgical sites is an increasingly recognized aspect of arthroplasty procedures as it may potentially impacting postoperative outcomes.Recent research has focused on the predictive value of preoperative STT measurements for complications following various forms of arthroplasty,particularly infections,across procedures such as total knee,hip,shoulder,and ankle replacements.Several studies have indicated that increased STT is associated with a higher risk of complications,including infection and wound healing issues.The assessment of STT before surgery could play a crucial role in identifying patients at a higher risk of complications and may be instru-mental in guiding preoperative planning to optimize outcomes in arthroplasty procedures.Standardized measurement techniques and further research are essential to enhance the reliability and clinical utility of STT assessment for arthro-plasty surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer.Intra-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of ...BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer.Intra-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of patients after pancreatic resections.Globally recognized superior mesenteric artery(SMA)first approaches are invariably performed.The mesenteric dissection through the inferior infracolic approach has been discussed in this study emphasizing its post-operative impact on CL which is the cornerstone of this study.AIM To assess incidence,risk factors,clinical impact of CL following root of mesentery dissection,and the different treatment modalities.METHODS This is a retrospective study incorporating the patients who underwent dissection of the root of mesentery with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreat-oduodenectomy for the ventral body and uncinate mass of pancreas in the Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 1,2021 to February 28,2024.Intraop-erative findings and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS In three years,ten patients underwent root of mesentery dissection with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreatoduodenectomy.The mean age was 67.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:5.CL was seen in four patients.With virtue of CL,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ or higher morbidity was observed in four patients.Two patients had a hospital stay of more than 20 days with the former having a delayed gastric emptying and the latter with long-term total parenteral nutrition requirement.The mean operative time was 330 minutes.Curative resection was achieved in 100%of the patients.The mean duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2.55±1.45 days and 15.7±5.32 days,respectively.CONCLUSION Root of mesentery dissection with lymphadenectomy and vascular resection correlated with occurrence of CL.After complete curative resection,these were managed with total parenteral nutrition without adversely impacting outcome.展开更多
Five-valued Boolean functions play an important role in the design of symmetric cryptography.While the design and properties of single-output almost optimal five-valued spectra Boolean functions have been extensively ...Five-valued Boolean functions play an important role in the design of symmetric cryptography.While the design and properties of single-output almost optimal five-valued spectra Boolean functions have been extensively studied over the past few decades,there has been limited research on the construction of almost optimal five-valued spectra vectorial Boolean functions.In this paper,we present a construction method for even-variable 2-output almost optimal five-valued spectra balanced Boolean functions,whose Walsh spectra values belong to the set{0,±2^(n/2),±2^(n/2+1)},at the same time,we discuss the existence of sufficient conditions in the construction.Additionally,this paper presents a novel construction method for balanced single-output Boolean functions with even variables featuring a special five-valued spectral structure,whose Walsh spectra values are constrained to the set{0,±2^(n/2),±3·2^(n/2)}.These functions provide new canonical examples for the study of Boolean function spectral theory.展开更多
In order to study the preferred skin color for printing images,two CMYK images from ISO 400 and one from iStock,including five skin color images of East Asian females was selected in this study.The images were adjuste...In order to study the preferred skin color for printing images,two CMYK images from ISO 400 and one from iStock,including five skin color images of East Asian females was selected in this study.The images were adjusted with the CMYK printing ink volume variation of the single,double and triple channels in the given 280%total ink limit conditions.A larger number of color vision normal observers were organized to carry out the color preference evaluation experiment,and the selected preferred skin colors were analyzed.The distribution range of the chromaticity values for skin color images were obtained and the results indicated that there are three regions for printing skin color preferences,and the observers have a memory preference for brighter,fairer skin colors in young female and a reddish skin colors in girl,which can provide the guidance for color adjustment of printed skin color images.展开更多
The Comedy is another of Chen Yan's masterpieces of realism after The Backstage Clan and The Protagonist.The difference is that the portrayal of He Jiabei in The Comedy echoes the theoretical idea of"typical ...The Comedy is another of Chen Yan's masterpieces of realism after The Backstage Clan and The Protagonist.The difference is that the portrayal of He Jiabei in The Comedy echoes the theoretical idea of"typical characters under typical circumstances."Through studies on Chen Yan's writing in a tensive theoretical space of"typicality,"we find that he has applied several important"typical"theories to his novels.He Jiabei,as a"typical character under typical circumstances"no longer embodies the ideal value as did Yi Qin'e in The Protagonist.The function of this character regardsthe communication between individuals and thetimes,phenomenon and essence."Typical characters under typical circumstances"is a theory generated from an analysis of realism inseparable from the"totality"of the times and history.The focus of The Comedy,a novel based on this theory,has also shifted from creating characters with distinct traits toexploring the historical essence of theera of"comedy."展开更多
In response to an ageing global population,the primary hip and knee arthroplasty rate continues to increase.Although an effective treatment,up to 25%patients may require revision arthroplasty during their lifetime,com...In response to an ageing global population,the primary hip and knee arthroplasty rate continues to increase.Although an effective treatment,up to 25%patients may require revision arthroplasty during their lifetime,commonly due to periprosthetic loosening.Revision procedures are associated with significantly increased healthcare costs;therefore,timely and accurate diagnostics are critical for clinicians and patients.Loosening,which may be septic or aseptic,remains a challenge and requires thorough clinical examination and multimodal imaging evaluation.Plain radiographs remain an essential diagnostic tool but advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine are playing an increasingly important role.This comprehensive review,through outlining the available radiological modalities,their respective strengths and weaknesses and the pertinent imaging findings,may help radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons make more informed decisions in the management of periprosthetic loosening.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC):total nitrogen(TN):total phosphorus(TP)(C:N:P)stoichiometry can give important information about biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.The spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of...Soil organic carbon(SOC):total nitrogen(TN):total phosphorus(TP)(C:N:P)stoichiometry can give important information about biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.The spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of soil C:N:P ratios are still poorly understood on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.In this study,we therefore combined data of the geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics from 319 sites across the plateau to investigate their relationships with the horizontal and vertical patterns of SOC,TN,and TP concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios(C:N and N:P).We observed higher SOC(30.5–46.8 mg g^(-1)),TN(2.4–3.4 mg g^(-1)),C:N(14.7–18.0),and N:P(6.9–8.0)in alpine meadows,forests,and shrublands and higher TP(1.6 mg g^(-1))in croplands.Overall,SOC,TN,TP,C:N,and N:P showed decreasing trends(by 67%,64%,19%,12%,and 54%,respectively)along the whole soil profile(0–100 cm).Soil cation exchange capacity and bulk density were the stronger environmental drivers of SOC and TN.Soil TP showed latitudinal and longitudinal increasing trends in all soil layers.Soil properties explained most of the variations in SOC(67%–90%),TN(67%–87%),C:N(61%–89%),and N:P(64%–85%),with increasing impacts along the soil profile.Geography and climate influenced soil TP directly and indirectly through their impacts on soil properties,with geography being the predominant driver(46%–65%)along the soil profile.The variation in soil C:N was mostly driven by SOC and TN,and the direct and indirect effects of the environmental factors were relatively weak.Geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics indirectly impacted soil N:P through their impacts on TN and TP in all the soil layers.Altogether,our findings illuminate the relative contributions of geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics to soil C:N and N:P,thus enhancing our understanding of C,N,and P cycling across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the continuous development of laparoscopic techniques in recent years,laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(LapTME)and laparoscopic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision(TaTME)have gradually be...BACKGROUND With the continuous development of laparoscopic techniques in recent years,laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(LapTME)and laparoscopic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision(TaTME)have gradually become important surgical techniques for treating low-lying rectal cancer(LRC).However,there is still controversy over the efficacy and safety of these two surgical modalities in LRC treatment.AIM To compare the efficacy of LapTME vs TaTME in patients with LRC.METHODS Ninety-four patients with LRC who visited and were treated at the Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University&Hengyang Central Hospital between December 2022 and March 2024 were selected and divided into the LapTME(n=44)and TaTME(n=50)groups.Clinical operation indexes,postoperative recovery indicators,and postoperative complications were recorded.The anal resting pressure(ARP),anal maximum systolic pressure(MSP),and maximum tolerated volume(MTV)of the anal canal were also measured.The intestinal function of patients was evaluated by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center(MSKCC)bowel function questionnaire.Serum norepinephrine(NE),adrenaline(AD),and cortisol(Cor)levels were measured.The Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(QLQC30)was used for quality of life assessment.RESULTS Compared with the LapTME group,the surgery time in the TaTME group was longer;intraoperative blood loss was low;time of anal exhaust,first postoperative ambulation,intestinal recovery,and hospital stay were shorter;and the distal incisal margin and specimen lengths were longer.The TaTME group also showed higher ARP,MSP,and MTV values and higher MSKCC and QLQ-C30 scores than the LapTME group 3 months postoperatively.Cor,AD,and NE levels were lower in the TaTME group than those in the LapTME group during recovery.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that TaTME better improved anal function,reduced postoperative stress,and accelerated postoperative recovery and,hence,was safer for patients with LRC.展开更多
Coptis chinensis Franch.and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.are traditional herbal medicines with millennia of documented use and broad therapeutic applications,including anti-diabetic properties.However,the synergistic effect ...Coptis chinensis Franch.and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.are traditional herbal medicines with millennia of documented use and broad therapeutic applications,including anti-diabetic properties.However,the synergistic effect of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its underlying mechanism remain unclear.The research demonstrated that the optimal ratio of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng was 4∶1,exhibiting maximal efficacy in improving insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes.This combination demonstrated significant synergistic effects in improving glucose tolerance,reducing fasting blood glucose(FBG),the weight ratio of epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT),and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in leptin receptor-deficient(db/db)mice.Subsequently,a T2DM liver-specific network was constructed based on RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)experiments and public databases by integrating transcriptional properties of disease-associated proteins and protein-protein interactions(PPIs).The network recovery index(NRI)score of the combined treatment group with a 4∶1 ratio exceeded that of groups treated with individual components.The research identified that activated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)signaling in the liver played a crucial role in the synergistic treatment of T2DM,as verified by western blot experiment in db/db mice.These findings demonstrate that the 4∶1 combination of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng significantly improves insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice,surpassing the efficacy of individual treatments.The synergistic mechanism correlates with enhanced AMPK/ACC signaling pathway activity.展开更多
BACKGROUND The clinical impact of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in patients treated with PCI for chronic total occlusion (CTO) was still undetermined.METHODS All CTO vesse...BACKGROUND The clinical impact of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in patients treated with PCI for chronic total occlusion (CTO) was still undetermined.METHODS All CTO vessels treated with successful anatomical PCI in patients from PANDA Ⅲ trial were retrospectively measured for postPCI QFR.The primary outcome was 2-year vessel-oriented composite endpoints (VOCEs,composite of target vessel-related cardiac death,target vessel-related myocardial infarction,and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization).Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was conducted to identify optimal cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting the 2-year VOCEs,and all vessels were stratified by this optimal cutoff value.Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI.RESULTS Among 428 CTO vessels treated with PCI,353 vessels (82.5%) were analyzable for post-PCI QFR.31 VOCEs (8.7%) occurred at 2 years.Mean value of post-PCI QFR was 0.92±0.13.Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis shown the optimal cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting 2-year VOCEs was 0.91.The incidence of 2-year VOCEs in the vessel with post-PCI QFR<0.91 (n=91) was significantly higher compared with the vessels with post-PCI QFR≥0.91 (n=262)(22.0%vs.4.2%,HR=4.98,95%CI:2.32–10.70).CONCLUSIONS Higher post-PCI QFR values were associated with improved prognosis in the PCI practice for coronary CTO.Achieving functionally optimal PCI results (post-PCI QFR value≥0.91) tends to get better prognosis for patients with CTO lesions.展开更多
Builders of a New Life(Chuangyeshi)is a novel that takes a deep dive into the essence of historical materialism and dialectical materialism.The novel creates a literary form of political metanarrative and presents the...Builders of a New Life(Chuangyeshi)is a novel that takes a deep dive into the essence of historical materialism and dialectical materialism.The novel creates a literary form of political metanarrative and presents the literary narrative of the rural cooperative movement in China within the framework of socialist revolution,through a plot with the connotation of documentary political economy.At the literary narrative level,Builders of a New Life develops the narrative through the subjective perspectives of numerous characters,which pushes the development of the plot forward and bridges the text world with external reality.The result is the creation of a world of general literature unifying thought,emotion and action,along with the development of a distinctive epic narrative form.展开更多
BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)aims to restore motion and alleviate pain,enabling patients to return to daily activities.Despite advances in implants,surgery,and perioperative care,patient dissatisfaction rate...BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)aims to restore motion and alleviate pain,enabling patients to return to daily activities.Despite advances in implants,surgery,and perioperative care,patient dissatisfaction rates remain significant.AIM To determine whether ankle symptoms are associated with inferior results of functional recovery of the knee following TKA.METHODS This prospective study included all patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis who underwent a primary unilateral TKA between August 2019 and December 2019 with data documented by the treating surgeon and outpatient physical therapists.Patients were categorized based on ankle symptoms using the Ame-rican Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)score:(1)Group 1(AOFAS≤85,n=30);and(2)Group 2(AOFAS>85,n=49).Active range of motion(ROM),the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS),and the visual ana-logue scale(VAS)were compared between two groups.RESULTS Postoperative KOOS,ROM,and VAS significantly improved in both groups(P<0.001).However,at three months,KOOS(P=0.02)and extension motion(P=0.01)improvements were significantly greater in group 2.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that preoperative ankle symptoms may negatively impact early knee functional recovery,particularly in KOOS scores and extension motion.展开更多
文摘After the publication of History and Class Consciousness, the concept of totality became an important role through Georg Lukacs’ development of thought. Yet, this concept changed with his thinking. Indeed, totality as an idea had emerged in his critique of capitalist culture in his pre-Marxism;we can claim that the concept of totality as Marxist dialectics originated in that period. Thus, it is necessary to interpret his idea of totality in pre-Marxism in order to understand wholly the concept of totality.
文摘Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and alienated practice （Lukacs, Habermas, Honneth）; a bad totality, in which the real polydimensional subject is replaced by the one-dimensional, mythologized, fetishized, and economistically reduced ＂subject＂ of consummation （Marcuse, Baudrillard）. The dialectics of concrete totality implies a marxistic critique of the ethical and juristic universalism, in the context of the ＂positive＂ side of globalization and political unilateralism, as a concrete, militant, hegemonistic, post-colonial, and neo-imperial practice （Apel, Habermas, Chomsky, Zinoviev）; globalization as totali（tari）zation, the ＂last man,＂ the ＂end of history,＂ and the ＂end＂ of dialectics in its neo-liberal, eschatological, empty ideological ＂realization＂ （Hegel, Marx, Fukuyama, Arendt）; the totality of the （invariable） being as a pseudo-concrete and pseudo-dialectical ontologistic speculation （Heidegger）： A ＂return＂ to a concrete history and a return of the ＂positive＂ dialectics as a critical awareness, mind, and method in the discourse ＂game＂ of human＇s cognitive, creative, and practical powers. The assumption of Kosik＇s humanism is a synchrony of nature and history in the ＂absolute＂ totality of human＇s concrete existence （Lukacs, Goldmann, Adorno, Sartre, Kosik）.
文摘In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42205178)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720459).
文摘With the continuous control of anthropogenic emissions,China’s air quality has improved significantly in recent years.Given this background,research on how the short-term exposure risks caused by air pollution in China have changed is insufficient.This study utilized hourly concentration data from ground observation stations and the official air quality guidelines of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China and the World Health Organization as standards to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and short-term exposure risks of air pollution in China from 2015 to 2022.The results indicate that various atmospheric pollutants except for ozone showed a decreasing trend yearly.Nationwide,both single pollutant air pollution days(SAPDs)and multiple pollutant air pollution days(MAPDs)showed varying degrees of reduction within 15 and 25 days,respectively.SAPD was dominated mainly by excessive PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)pollutants,while MAPD was dominated mainly by excessive pollutant combinations,including PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),CO+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),and SO_(2)+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10).As the concentration of atmospheric pollutants decreased,the total excess risk(ER)decreased yearly from 2015 to 2022,but there were significant regional differences.Now,the ER is less than 0.25%in southern China,in the range of 0.25%-0.5%in the North China Plain and some cities in the northeast,and higher than 1%in the northwest.Particulate matter is currently the primary pollutant posing short-term exposure risk in China,especially due to the impact of sandstorm weather.This study indicates that China’s atmospheric cleaning action is significantly beneficial for reducing health risks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2241221).
文摘This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.42425107)Ecological Civilization Special Project of Key Research&and Development Program in Gansu Province(No.24YFFA009)the Top Talent Project of Gansu Province,Chinese Academy of Sciences Young Crossover Team Project(No.JCTD-2022-18)。
文摘The alpine ecosystem has great potential for carbon sequestration.Soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)are highly sensitive to climate change,and their dynamics are crucial to revealing the effect of climate change on the structure,function,and services of the ecosystem.However,the spatial distribution and controlling factors of SOC and TN across various soil layers and vegetation types within this unique ecosystem remain inadequately understood.In this study,256 soil samples in 89 sites were collected from the Three River Headwaters Region(TRHR)in China to investigate SOC and TN and to explore the primary factors affecting their distribution,including soil,vegetation,climate,and geography factors.The results show that SOC and TN contents in 0-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-80 cm soil layers are 24.40,18.03,14.04,12.40 g/kg and 2.46,1.90,1.51,1.17 g/kg,respectively;with higher concentrations observed in the southeastern region compared to the northwest of the TRHR.One-way analysis of variance reveals that SOC and TN levels are elevated in the alpine meadow and the alpine shrub relative to the alpine steppe in the 0-60 cm soil layers.The structural equation model explores that soil water content is the main controlling factor affecting the variation of SOC and TN.Moreover,the geography,climate,and vegetation factors notably indirectly affect SOC and TN through soil factors.Therefore,it can effectively improve soil water and nutrient conditions through vegetation restoration,soil improvement,and grazing management,and the change of SOC and TN can be fully understood by establishing monitoring networks to better protect soil carbon and nitrogen.
文摘Continuous research on Cephalotaxus plants has ultimately led to the US food and drug administration (FDA) ap-provalof homoharringtonine in 2012 for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Additionally, another important class of natural products from Cephalotaxus plants is cephalotane diterpenoids. Since the discovery of the first member, harring-tonolide,in 1978, cephalotane diterpenoids have garnered significant attention from the scientific community due to their re-markableanti-cancer activity. The unique structural features of cephalotane diterpenoids, a 7/6/5/6-fused tetracyclic carbon skeleton and a bridged lactone, make them ideal targets for synthetic chemists. Successfully synthesizing these complex diterpenoids is of great importance for the discovery and development of anti-tumor drugs. To date, ten research groups have completed the total synthesis of 24 cephalotane diterpenoids. The latest progress in the total synthesis of cephalotane diterpe-noidsis reviewed, showcasing the importance of these innovative synthetic strategies in the efficient synthesis of complex natural products and their potential significance in advancing the field of drug discovery.
文摘Appreciation of soft-tissue thickness(STT)at surgical sites is an increasingly recognized aspect of arthroplasty procedures as it may potentially impacting postoperative outcomes.Recent research has focused on the predictive value of preoperative STT measurements for complications following various forms of arthroplasty,particularly infections,across procedures such as total knee,hip,shoulder,and ankle replacements.Several studies have indicated that increased STT is associated with a higher risk of complications,including infection and wound healing issues.The assessment of STT before surgery could play a crucial role in identifying patients at a higher risk of complications and may be instru-mental in guiding preoperative planning to optimize outcomes in arthroplasty procedures.Standardized measurement techniques and further research are essential to enhance the reliability and clinical utility of STT assessment for arthro-plasty surgery.
文摘BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer.Intra-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of patients after pancreatic resections.Globally recognized superior mesenteric artery(SMA)first approaches are invariably performed.The mesenteric dissection through the inferior infracolic approach has been discussed in this study emphasizing its post-operative impact on CL which is the cornerstone of this study.AIM To assess incidence,risk factors,clinical impact of CL following root of mesentery dissection,and the different treatment modalities.METHODS This is a retrospective study incorporating the patients who underwent dissection of the root of mesentery with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreat-oduodenectomy for the ventral body and uncinate mass of pancreas in the Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 1,2021 to February 28,2024.Intraop-erative findings and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS In three years,ten patients underwent root of mesentery dissection with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreatoduodenectomy.The mean age was 67.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:5.CL was seen in four patients.With virtue of CL,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ or higher morbidity was observed in four patients.Two patients had a hospital stay of more than 20 days with the former having a delayed gastric emptying and the latter with long-term total parenteral nutrition requirement.The mean operative time was 330 minutes.Curative resection was achieved in 100%of the patients.The mean duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2.55±1.45 days and 15.7±5.32 days,respectively.CONCLUSION Root of mesentery dissection with lymphadenectomy and vascular resection correlated with occurrence of CL.After complete curative resection,these were managed with total parenteral nutrition without adversely impacting outcome.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272360)。
文摘Five-valued Boolean functions play an important role in the design of symmetric cryptography.While the design and properties of single-output almost optimal five-valued spectra Boolean functions have been extensively studied over the past few decades,there has been limited research on the construction of almost optimal five-valued spectra vectorial Boolean functions.In this paper,we present a construction method for even-variable 2-output almost optimal five-valued spectra balanced Boolean functions,whose Walsh spectra values belong to the set{0,±2^(n/2),±2^(n/2+1)},at the same time,we discuss the existence of sufficient conditions in the construction.Additionally,this paper presents a novel construction method for balanced single-output Boolean functions with even variables featuring a special five-valued spectral structure,whose Walsh spectra values are constrained to the set{0,±2^(n/2),±3·2^(n/2)}.These functions provide new canonical examples for the study of Boolean function spectral theory.
文摘In order to study the preferred skin color for printing images,two CMYK images from ISO 400 and one from iStock,including five skin color images of East Asian females was selected in this study.The images were adjusted with the CMYK printing ink volume variation of the single,double and triple channels in the given 280%total ink limit conditions.A larger number of color vision normal observers were organized to carry out the color preference evaluation experiment,and the selected preferred skin colors were analyzed.The distribution range of the chromaticity values for skin color images were obtained and the results indicated that there are three regions for printing skin color preferences,and the observers have a memory preference for brighter,fairer skin colors in young female and a reddish skin colors in girl,which can provide the guidance for color adjustment of printed skin color images.
文摘The Comedy is another of Chen Yan's masterpieces of realism after The Backstage Clan and The Protagonist.The difference is that the portrayal of He Jiabei in The Comedy echoes the theoretical idea of"typical characters under typical circumstances."Through studies on Chen Yan's writing in a tensive theoretical space of"typicality,"we find that he has applied several important"typical"theories to his novels.He Jiabei,as a"typical character under typical circumstances"no longer embodies the ideal value as did Yi Qin'e in The Protagonist.The function of this character regardsthe communication between individuals and thetimes,phenomenon and essence."Typical characters under typical circumstances"is a theory generated from an analysis of realism inseparable from the"totality"of the times and history.The focus of The Comedy,a novel based on this theory,has also shifted from creating characters with distinct traits toexploring the historical essence of theera of"comedy."
文摘In response to an ageing global population,the primary hip and knee arthroplasty rate continues to increase.Although an effective treatment,up to 25%patients may require revision arthroplasty during their lifetime,commonly due to periprosthetic loosening.Revision procedures are associated with significantly increased healthcare costs;therefore,timely and accurate diagnostics are critical for clinicians and patients.Loosening,which may be septic or aseptic,remains a challenge and requires thorough clinical examination and multimodal imaging evaluation.Plain radiographs remain an essential diagnostic tool but advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine are playing an increasingly important role.This comprehensive review,through outlining the available radiological modalities,their respective strengths and weaknesses and the pertinent imaging findings,may help radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons make more informed decisions in the management of periprosthetic loosening.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program of China(No.2019QZKK0306-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42322102 and 42271058)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021310)the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2022FY100202)
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC):total nitrogen(TN):total phosphorus(TP)(C:N:P)stoichiometry can give important information about biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.The spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of soil C:N:P ratios are still poorly understood on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.In this study,we therefore combined data of the geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics from 319 sites across the plateau to investigate their relationships with the horizontal and vertical patterns of SOC,TN,and TP concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios(C:N and N:P).We observed higher SOC(30.5–46.8 mg g^(-1)),TN(2.4–3.4 mg g^(-1)),C:N(14.7–18.0),and N:P(6.9–8.0)in alpine meadows,forests,and shrublands and higher TP(1.6 mg g^(-1))in croplands.Overall,SOC,TN,TP,C:N,and N:P showed decreasing trends(by 67%,64%,19%,12%,and 54%,respectively)along the whole soil profile(0–100 cm).Soil cation exchange capacity and bulk density were the stronger environmental drivers of SOC and TN.Soil TP showed latitudinal and longitudinal increasing trends in all soil layers.Soil properties explained most of the variations in SOC(67%–90%),TN(67%–87%),C:N(61%–89%),and N:P(64%–85%),with increasing impacts along the soil profile.Geography and climate influenced soil TP directly and indirectly through their impacts on soil properties,with geography being the predominant driver(46%–65%)along the soil profile.The variation in soil C:N was mostly driven by SOC and TN,and the direct and indirect effects of the environmental factors were relatively weak.Geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics indirectly impacted soil N:P through their impacts on TN and TP in all the soil layers.Altogether,our findings illuminate the relative contributions of geography,climate,soil properties,and vegetation characteristics to soil C:N and N:P,thus enhancing our understanding of C,N,and P cycling across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
基金Supported by Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission,No.D202315018915.
文摘BACKGROUND With the continuous development of laparoscopic techniques in recent years,laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(LapTME)and laparoscopic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision(TaTME)have gradually become important surgical techniques for treating low-lying rectal cancer(LRC).However,there is still controversy over the efficacy and safety of these two surgical modalities in LRC treatment.AIM To compare the efficacy of LapTME vs TaTME in patients with LRC.METHODS Ninety-four patients with LRC who visited and were treated at the Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University&Hengyang Central Hospital between December 2022 and March 2024 were selected and divided into the LapTME(n=44)and TaTME(n=50)groups.Clinical operation indexes,postoperative recovery indicators,and postoperative complications were recorded.The anal resting pressure(ARP),anal maximum systolic pressure(MSP),and maximum tolerated volume(MTV)of the anal canal were also measured.The intestinal function of patients was evaluated by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center(MSKCC)bowel function questionnaire.Serum norepinephrine(NE),adrenaline(AD),and cortisol(Cor)levels were measured.The Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(QLQC30)was used for quality of life assessment.RESULTS Compared with the LapTME group,the surgery time in the TaTME group was longer;intraoperative blood loss was low;time of anal exhaust,first postoperative ambulation,intestinal recovery,and hospital stay were shorter;and the distal incisal margin and specimen lengths were longer.The TaTME group also showed higher ARP,MSP,and MTV values and higher MSKCC and QLQ-C30 scores than the LapTME group 3 months postoperatively.Cor,AD,and NE levels were lower in the TaTME group than those in the LapTME group during recovery.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that TaTME better improved anal function,reduced postoperative stress,and accelerated postoperative recovery and,hence,was safer for patients with LRC.
基金supported by the Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2024C03106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20513)+1 种基金Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(No.2022030309)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202002).
文摘Coptis chinensis Franch.and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.are traditional herbal medicines with millennia of documented use and broad therapeutic applications,including anti-diabetic properties.However,the synergistic effect of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its underlying mechanism remain unclear.The research demonstrated that the optimal ratio of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng was 4∶1,exhibiting maximal efficacy in improving insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes.This combination demonstrated significant synergistic effects in improving glucose tolerance,reducing fasting blood glucose(FBG),the weight ratio of epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT),and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in leptin receptor-deficient(db/db)mice.Subsequently,a T2DM liver-specific network was constructed based on RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)experiments and public databases by integrating transcriptional properties of disease-associated proteins and protein-protein interactions(PPIs).The network recovery index(NRI)score of the combined treatment group with a 4∶1 ratio exceeded that of groups treated with individual components.The research identified that activated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)signaling in the liver played a crucial role in the synergistic treatment of T2DM,as verified by western blot experiment in db/db mice.These findings demonstrate that the 4∶1 combination of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng significantly improves insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice,surpassing the efficacy of individual treatments.The synergistic mechanism correlates with enhanced AMPK/ACC signaling pathway activity.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-008)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2023-GSP-GG-2&No.2023-GSP-QN-34&No.2023-GSPRC-05).
文摘BACKGROUND The clinical impact of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in patients treated with PCI for chronic total occlusion (CTO) was still undetermined.METHODS All CTO vessels treated with successful anatomical PCI in patients from PANDA Ⅲ trial were retrospectively measured for postPCI QFR.The primary outcome was 2-year vessel-oriented composite endpoints (VOCEs,composite of target vessel-related cardiac death,target vessel-related myocardial infarction,and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization).Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was conducted to identify optimal cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting the 2-year VOCEs,and all vessels were stratified by this optimal cutoff value.Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI.RESULTS Among 428 CTO vessels treated with PCI,353 vessels (82.5%) were analyzable for post-PCI QFR.31 VOCEs (8.7%) occurred at 2 years.Mean value of post-PCI QFR was 0.92±0.13.Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis shown the optimal cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting 2-year VOCEs was 0.91.The incidence of 2-year VOCEs in the vessel with post-PCI QFR<0.91 (n=91) was significantly higher compared with the vessels with post-PCI QFR≥0.91 (n=262)(22.0%vs.4.2%,HR=4.98,95%CI:2.32–10.70).CONCLUSIONS Higher post-PCI QFR values were associated with improved prognosis in the PCI practice for coronary CTO.Achieving functionally optimal PCI results (post-PCI QFR value≥0.91) tends to get better prognosis for patients with CTO lesions.
文摘Builders of a New Life(Chuangyeshi)is a novel that takes a deep dive into the essence of historical materialism and dialectical materialism.The novel creates a literary form of political metanarrative and presents the literary narrative of the rural cooperative movement in China within the framework of socialist revolution,through a plot with the connotation of documentary political economy.At the literary narrative level,Builders of a New Life develops the narrative through the subjective perspectives of numerous characters,which pushes the development of the plot forward and bridges the text world with external reality.The result is the creation of a world of general literature unifying thought,emotion and action,along with the development of a distinctive epic narrative form.
文摘BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)aims to restore motion and alleviate pain,enabling patients to return to daily activities.Despite advances in implants,surgery,and perioperative care,patient dissatisfaction rates remain significant.AIM To determine whether ankle symptoms are associated with inferior results of functional recovery of the knee following TKA.METHODS This prospective study included all patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis who underwent a primary unilateral TKA between August 2019 and December 2019 with data documented by the treating surgeon and outpatient physical therapists.Patients were categorized based on ankle symptoms using the Ame-rican Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)score:(1)Group 1(AOFAS≤85,n=30);and(2)Group 2(AOFAS>85,n=49).Active range of motion(ROM),the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS),and the visual ana-logue scale(VAS)were compared between two groups.RESULTS Postoperative KOOS,ROM,and VAS significantly improved in both groups(P<0.001).However,at three months,KOOS(P=0.02)and extension motion(P=0.01)improvements were significantly greater in group 2.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that preoperative ankle symptoms may negatively impact early knee functional recovery,particularly in KOOS scores and extension motion.
