The possible mechanism of inhalation anesthetics on the internal auditory impairment of the rat was investigated by determining the effect of nitrous oxide （N2O） and isoflurane on the total RNA yield from the cochle...The possible mechanism of inhalation anesthetics on the internal auditory impairment of the rat was investigated by determining the effect of nitrous oxide （N2O） and isoflurane on the total RNA yield from the cochlea of the rats. Thirty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： group C （control group, n=10） with a 3-h unremitting inhalation of 50% 02, group N （experiment group, n= 10） with a continuous inhalation of 50% N20＋50% O2for 3 h, and group I （experiment group, n=10） with a 3-h sustained inhalation of 2.5% isoflurane. The TRIzol in combination with RNeasy was used to respectively extract the total RNA from cochlea of rats in the 3 groups. Spectrophotometry was used to detect total RNA yield and electrophoresis to detect the quality. The total RNA extracted from the cochlea of the rats in the groups C and N was 7.69 and 6.51 μg, respectively. There was a 15% decrease in the N group as compared with group C. The total RNA from the rats in the group I was 7.32μg, and there was hardly any change in the group as compared with the group C. The value of A260/A280 in groups C, N and I was 2.07, 2.04 and 2.04, respectively, showing a very high RNA purity. The result of gel electrophoresis suggested that there was no degradation in the total RNA. It was suggested that the interference of N20 on the cochlear RNA yield might be one of the reasons which cause an injury of the ear. The isoflurane shows no harm on the hearing.展开更多
Twenty vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, and selection of suitable genotypes for extraction of juice in a randomized complete block design...Twenty vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, and selection of suitable genotypes for extraction of juice in a randomized complete block design（RCBD） with three replications. Vegetable amaranth was rich in chlorophyll, β-cyanins, β-xanthins, betalains, carotene, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant. The genotypes VA14, VA16, VA18, VA15, and VA20 could be selected as amaranth vegtable varieties with high yields and abundance antioxidant leaf pigments and vitamins to produce juice. The genotypes VA13 and VA19 had above-average foliage yield and high antioxidant profiles while the genotypes VA2, VA3, VA9, VA11, VA12, and VA17 had a high antioxidant profiles and below-average foliage yield. These genotypes could be used as a donor parent for integration of potential high antioxidant profiles genes into other genotypes. The correlation study revealed a strong positive association among all the antioxidant leaf pigments, total antioxidant capacity and foliage yield. Selection based on total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments could economically viable to improve the yield potential of vegetable amaranth genotypes. Total carotene and ascorbic acid exhibited insignificant genotypic correlation with all the traits except total antioxidant capacity. This indicates that selection for antioxidant vitamins might be possible without compromising yield loss.展开更多
From 1990,over 17 years field experiment was carried out in paddy field cultivated from infertile upland to evaluate the response of rice productivity,soil organic carbon（SOC）,and total N to long-term NPK fertilizat...From 1990,over 17 years field experiment was carried out in paddy field cultivated from infertile upland to evaluate the response of rice productivity,soil organic carbon（SOC）,and total N to long-term NPK fertilization or NPK combined with organic amendments.The field trials included NPK（N,P,K fertilizer）,NPKRS（NPK combined with rice straw）,NPK2RS（NPK combined with double amount of rice straw）,NPKPM（NPK combined with pig manure） and NPKGM（NPK combined with green manure） and the cropping system was rice-rice（Oryza sativa L.） rotation.Annual rice yield,straw biomass,and harvesting index increased steadily with cultivation time in all treatments.Average annual rice yield from 1991 to 2006 was ranged from 7 795 to 8 572 kg ha-1 among treatments.Rice yields in treatments with organic amendments were usually higher than that in treatment with NPK.Contents of SOC and total N also increased gradually in the cultivation years and reached the level of 7.82 to 9.45 and 0.85 to 1.03 g kg-1,respectively,in 2006.Soil fertilities in treatments with chemical fertilization combined with organic amendments were relatively appropriate than those in treatment with NPK.There was obvious discrepancy between cumulative characters of rice yield and soil organic fertility in newly formed paddy field.Compared with relatively high rate of crop productivity improvement,cumulative rates of SOC and total N were much lower in our study.SOC and total N contents were still less than half of those in local highly productive paddy soils after 17 years cultivation in subtropical China.Present work helps to better understand the development of infertile paddy soils and to estimate the potential of yield improvement in this region.展开更多
The phenomenon of secondary electron emission is of considerable interest in areas such as particle accelerators and on-board radio frequency(RF) components.Total secondary electron yield(TSEY) is a parameter that is ...The phenomenon of secondary electron emission is of considerable interest in areas such as particle accelerators and on-board radio frequency(RF) components.Total secondary electron yield(TSEY) is a parameter that is frequently used to describe the secondary electron emission capability of a material.It has been widely recognized that the TSEY vs.primary electron energy curve has a single-hump shape.However, the TSEY–energy curve with a double-hump shape was also observed experimentally-this anomaly still lacks explanation.In this work, we explain this anomaly with the help of a millimetre-scale(mm-scale) silver pillar array fabricated by three-dimensional(3 D) printing technology.The TSEY–energy curve of this pillar array as well as its flat counterpart is obtained using sample current method.The measurement results show that for the considered primary electron energy(40–1500 eV), the pillar array can obviously suppress TSEY,and its TSEY–energy curve has an obvious double-hump shape.Through Monte Carlo simulations and electron beam spot size measurements, we successfully attribute the double-hump effect to the dependence of electron beam spot size on the primary electron energy.The observations of this work may be of help in determining the TSEY of roughened surface with characteristic surface structures comparable to electron beam spot size.It also experimentally confirms the TSEY suppression effect of pillar arrays.展开更多
In order to determine whether long-term no-tillage operation in the loess plateau threatens soil fertility and crop yield,a suitable high-yield and efficient tillage technology system was established.In the Changwu lo...In order to determine whether long-term no-tillage operation in the loess plateau threatens soil fertility and crop yield,a suitable high-yield and efficient tillage technology system was established.In the Changwu loess plateau agri-Gecological experiment station of the Northwest A&F University of Changwu County,Shaanxi Province,the no-tillage experimental field for three consecutive years was selected.In September 2015,no-tillage,tillage,and rotary tillage were carried out before winter wheat was sowed.After the harvest of winter wheat in2016,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and wheat yield in 0-30 cm soil layers under different tillage methods were analyzed.The results showed that the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the 0-30 cm soil layer decreased along the profile under the three tillage methods.In this study,the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm soil layer under different tillage methods were no-tillage>rotary tillage>tillage,the actual yield of winter yield in one hectare was tillage>rotary tillage>no-tillage,and there was significant difference in the actual yield of winter wheat only between the no-tillage and tillage.展开更多
Field experiments with medicinal rice Njavara were conducted at Cropping Systems Research Centre, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during summer of 2007 and 2008. The experimental design was split plot with three ...Field experiments with medicinal rice Njavara were conducted at Cropping Systems Research Centre, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during summer of 2007 and 2008. The experimental design was split plot with three replications. The treatments consisted of four establishment techniques viz., System of Rice Intensification SRI (M1), Integrated Crop Establishment Method (ICM) (M2), Package of practices (PoP) (M3) of Kerala Agricultural University and Conventional Management Practices (CMP) (M4) in main plot. Three nutrient sources viz., (1) organic, 2) integrated use of organic and inorganic, 3) chemical fertilizers only) were used under different establishment techniques. Root dry matter production was determined at weekly intervals and plant nutrients uptake was determined by calculating from the product of dry matter, straw dry weight, grain yield and percentage of nutrients. Results revealed that at early stages (4-6 WAT/WAS) (Weeks after transplanting/Weeks after sowing), root dry matter production hill-1 was in the order of SRI > ICM > CMP > PoP which changed to SRI > ICM > PoP > CMP from 7th week onwards. Maximum root dry matter (at 9th WAS/WAT) was recorded in SRI (0.51/0.50 g.hill-1 in 2007/2008). The total nutrients uptake (N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn) in conventional management practices was significantly higher than other establishment techniques. Among the nutrient sources, higher total (N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn) uptake by crop was recorded under integrated nutrient source than organic and inorganic sources.展开更多
基金The major financial support was from the Department of Education,Hubei Provincial Government (D200524008)was also the guidance project of the Scientific Foundation,Health Department,Hubei Provincial Government (JX2C32)
文摘The possible mechanism of inhalation anesthetics on the internal auditory impairment of the rat was investigated by determining the effect of nitrous oxide （N2O） and isoflurane on the total RNA yield from the cochlea of the rats. Thirty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： group C （control group, n=10） with a 3-h unremitting inhalation of 50% 02, group N （experiment group, n= 10） with a continuous inhalation of 50% N20＋50% O2for 3 h, and group I （experiment group, n=10） with a 3-h sustained inhalation of 2.5% isoflurane. The TRIzol in combination with RNeasy was used to respectively extract the total RNA from cochlea of rats in the 3 groups. Spectrophotometry was used to detect total RNA yield and electrophoresis to detect the quality. The total RNA extracted from the cochlea of the rats in the groups C and N was 7.69 and 6.51 μg, respectively. There was a 15% decrease in the N group as compared with group C. The total RNA from the rats in the group I was 7.32μg, and there was hardly any change in the group as compared with the group C. The value of A260/A280 in groups C, N and I was 2.07, 2.04 and 2.04, respectively, showing a very high RNA purity. The result of gel electrophoresis suggested that there was no degradation in the total RNA. It was suggested that the interference of N20 on the cochlear RNA yield might be one of the reasons which cause an injury of the ear. The isoflurane shows no harm on the hearing.
基金the Research Management Committee (RMC) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman Agricultural University, Bangladesh for providing partial financial support to carry out the present investigation
文摘Twenty vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, and selection of suitable genotypes for extraction of juice in a randomized complete block design（RCBD） with three replications. Vegetable amaranth was rich in chlorophyll, β-cyanins, β-xanthins, betalains, carotene, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant. The genotypes VA14, VA16, VA18, VA15, and VA20 could be selected as amaranth vegtable varieties with high yields and abundance antioxidant leaf pigments and vitamins to produce juice. The genotypes VA13 and VA19 had above-average foliage yield and high antioxidant profiles while the genotypes VA2, VA3, VA9, VA11, VA12, and VA17 had a high antioxidant profiles and below-average foliage yield. These genotypes could be used as a donor parent for integration of potential high antioxidant profiles genes into other genotypes. The correlation study revealed a strong positive association among all the antioxidant leaf pigments, total antioxidant capacity and foliage yield. Selection based on total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant leaf pigments could economically viable to improve the yield potential of vegetable amaranth genotypes. Total carotene and ascorbic acid exhibited insignificant genotypic correlation with all the traits except total antioxidant capacity. This indicates that selection for antioxidant vitamins might be possible without compromising yield loss.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB109301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40871122) the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2009BADC6B03)
文摘From 1990,over 17 years field experiment was carried out in paddy field cultivated from infertile upland to evaluate the response of rice productivity,soil organic carbon（SOC）,and total N to long-term NPK fertilization or NPK combined with organic amendments.The field trials included NPK（N,P,K fertilizer）,NPKRS（NPK combined with rice straw）,NPK2RS（NPK combined with double amount of rice straw）,NPKPM（NPK combined with pig manure） and NPKGM（NPK combined with green manure） and the cropping system was rice-rice（Oryza sativa L.） rotation.Annual rice yield,straw biomass,and harvesting index increased steadily with cultivation time in all treatments.Average annual rice yield from 1991 to 2006 was ranged from 7 795 to 8 572 kg ha-1 among treatments.Rice yields in treatments with organic amendments were usually higher than that in treatment with NPK.Contents of SOC and total N also increased gradually in the cultivation years and reached the level of 7.82 to 9.45 and 0.85 to 1.03 g kg-1,respectively,in 2006.Soil fertilities in treatments with chemical fertilization combined with organic amendments were relatively appropriate than those in treatment with NPK.There was obvious discrepancy between cumulative characters of rice yield and soil organic fertility in newly formed paddy field.Compared with relatively high rate of crop productivity improvement,cumulative rates of SOC and total N were much lower in our study.SOC and total N contents were still less than half of those in local highly productive paddy soils after 17 years cultivation in subtropical China.Present work helps to better understand the development of infertile paddy soils and to estimate the potential of yield improvement in this region.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1832190,61501364,U1537211,and 11705142)
文摘The phenomenon of secondary electron emission is of considerable interest in areas such as particle accelerators and on-board radio frequency(RF) components.Total secondary electron yield(TSEY) is a parameter that is frequently used to describe the secondary electron emission capability of a material.It has been widely recognized that the TSEY vs.primary electron energy curve has a single-hump shape.However, the TSEY–energy curve with a double-hump shape was also observed experimentally-this anomaly still lacks explanation.In this work, we explain this anomaly with the help of a millimetre-scale(mm-scale) silver pillar array fabricated by three-dimensional(3 D) printing technology.The TSEY–energy curve of this pillar array as well as its flat counterpart is obtained using sample current method.The measurement results show that for the considered primary electron energy(40–1500 eV), the pillar array can obviously suppress TSEY,and its TSEY–energy curve has an obvious double-hump shape.Through Monte Carlo simulations and electron beam spot size measurements, we successfully attribute the double-hump effect to the dependence of electron beam spot size on the primary electron energy.The observations of this work may be of help in determining the TSEY of roughened surface with characteristic surface structures comparable to electron beam spot size.It also experimentally confirms the TSEY suppression effect of pillar arrays.
文摘In order to determine whether long-term no-tillage operation in the loess plateau threatens soil fertility and crop yield,a suitable high-yield and efficient tillage technology system was established.In the Changwu loess plateau agri-Gecological experiment station of the Northwest A&F University of Changwu County,Shaanxi Province,the no-tillage experimental field for three consecutive years was selected.In September 2015,no-tillage,tillage,and rotary tillage were carried out before winter wheat was sowed.After the harvest of winter wheat in2016,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and wheat yield in 0-30 cm soil layers under different tillage methods were analyzed.The results showed that the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the 0-30 cm soil layer decreased along the profile under the three tillage methods.In this study,the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm soil layer under different tillage methods were no-tillage>rotary tillage>tillage,the actual yield of winter yield in one hectare was tillage>rotary tillage>no-tillage,and there was significant difference in the actual yield of winter wheat only between the no-tillage and tillage.
文摘Field experiments with medicinal rice Njavara were conducted at Cropping Systems Research Centre, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during summer of 2007 and 2008. The experimental design was split plot with three replications. The treatments consisted of four establishment techniques viz., System of Rice Intensification SRI (M1), Integrated Crop Establishment Method (ICM) (M2), Package of practices (PoP) (M3) of Kerala Agricultural University and Conventional Management Practices (CMP) (M4) in main plot. Three nutrient sources viz., (1) organic, 2) integrated use of organic and inorganic, 3) chemical fertilizers only) were used under different establishment techniques. Root dry matter production was determined at weekly intervals and plant nutrients uptake was determined by calculating from the product of dry matter, straw dry weight, grain yield and percentage of nutrients. Results revealed that at early stages (4-6 WAT/WAS) (Weeks after transplanting/Weeks after sowing), root dry matter production hill-1 was in the order of SRI > ICM > CMP > PoP which changed to SRI > ICM > PoP > CMP from 7th week onwards. Maximum root dry matter (at 9th WAS/WAT) was recorded in SRI (0.51/0.50 g.hill-1 in 2007/2008). The total nutrients uptake (N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn) in conventional management practices was significantly higher than other establishment techniques. Among the nutrient sources, higher total (N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn) uptake by crop was recorded under integrated nutrient source than organic and inorganic sources.
