First total synthesis of cajanolactone A and cajanonic acid A has been achieved through steps of anion–anion condensations,cyclization,Williams etherification,selective demethylation,1 3-sigmatropic rearrangement and...First total synthesis of cajanolactone A and cajanonic acid A has been achieved through steps of anion–anion condensations,cyclization,Williams etherification,selective demethylation,1 3-sigmatropic rearrangement and hydrolysis.This work provides an efficient method for future cajanonic acid A derivatives synthesis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the postoperative transfusion and complication rates of anemic and nonanemic total joint arthroplasty patients given tranexamic acid(TXA).METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted ...AIM: To investigate the postoperative transfusion and complication rates of anemic and nonanemic total joint arthroplasty patients given tranexamic acid(TXA).METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted of primary hip and knee arthroplasty cases performed from 11/2012 to 6/2014. Exclusion criteria included revision arthroplasty, bilateral arthroplasty, acute arthroplasty after fracture, and contraindication to TXA. Patients were screened prior to surgery, with anemia was defined as hemoglobin of less than 12 g/d L for females and of less than 13 g/d L for males. Patients were divided into four different groups, based on the type of arthroplasty(total hip or total knee) and hemoglobin status(anemic or nonanemic). Intraoperatively, all patients received 2 g of intravenous TXA during surgery. Postoperatively, allogeneic blood transfusion(ABT) was directed by both clinical symptomsand relative hemoglobin change. Complications were recorded within the first two weeks after surgery and included thromboembolism, infection, and wound breakdown. The differences in transfusion and complication rates, as well as the relative hemoglobin change, were compared between anemic and nonanemic groups.RESULTS: A total of 232 patients undergoing primary joint arthroplasty were included in the study. For the total hip arthroplasty cohort, 21%(18/84) of patients presented with preoperative anemia. Two patients in the anemic group and two patients in the nonanemic group needed ABTs; this was not significantly different(P = 0.20). One patient in the anemic group presented with a deep venous thromboembolism while no patients in the nonanemic group had an acute complication; this was not significantly different(P = 0.21). For nonanemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 2.73 ± 1.17 g/d L. For anemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 2.28 ± 0.96 g/d L. Between the two groups, the hemoglobin difference of 0.45 g/d L was not significant(P = 0.13). For the total knee arthroplasty cohort, 18%(26/148) of patients presented with preoperative anemia. No patients in either group required a blood transfusion or had an acute postoperative complication. For nonanemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 1.85 ± 0.79 g/d L. For anemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 1.09 ± 0.58 g/d L. Between the two groups, the hemoglobin difference of 0.76 g/d L was significant(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TXA administration results in low transfusion and complication rates and may be a useful adjunct for TJA patients with preoperative anemia.展开更多
Melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABA） have been shown to regulate sleep. The nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants may relate to insomnia in stroke patients. In this prospective si...Melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABA） have been shown to regulate sleep. The nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants may relate to insomnia in stroke patients. In this prospective single-center non-randomized controlled clinical trial performed in the China Rehabilitation Research Center, we analyzed the relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke. Patients during rehabilitation of stroke were recruited and assigned to the insomnia group or non-insomnia group. Simultaneously, persons without stroke or insomnia served as normal controls. Each group contained 25 cases. The primary outcome was nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants in peripheral blood. The secondary outcomes were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire（Chinese version）, and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. The relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke was analyzed and showed that they were lower in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. The severity of stroke was higher in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the nocturnal concentrations of melatonin and GABA were associated with insomnia after stroke. This trial was registered at Clinical Trials.gov, identifier： NCT03202121.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experim...[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of solvent concentration,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction pressure,extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid.[Results]The results showed that the extraction pressure had a significant effect on the extraction of two kinds of chemical constituents from F.Lonicerae.The optimum process conditions were as follows:solvent concentration was 60%,solid-liquid ratio was 1∶20(g/mL),extraction pressure was 2 MPa,extraction time was 30 min,extraction temperature was 70℃.The process conditions are stable,and the extraction efficiency is higher than that of ultrasonic assisted extraction method.Under the test conditions,the extraction rates of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids were respectively 15.66%and 3.89%.[Conclusions]This study provides a new theoretical basis for the development and utilization of F.Lonicerae.展开更多
Objective:Explore the diagnostic value of total bile acids/platelets in HBV related liver fibrosis.Methods:160 patients with chronic HBV infection admitted to the Infection Department of the First Affiliated Hospital ...Objective:Explore the diagnostic value of total bile acids/platelets in HBV related liver fibrosis.Methods:160 patients with chronic HBV infection admitted to the Infection Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from February 2021 to December 2022 were selected.They were divided into two groups based on the degree of liver fibrosis detected by liver biopsy:significant liver fibrosis group and non-significant liver fibrosis group.The total bile acid/blood platelet levels and their correlation with liver fibrosis in the two groups were compared and observed,and the efficacy of other non-invasive liver fibrosis diagnostic models was evaluated.Results:(1)Compared with the non-significant liver fibrosis group,the significant liver fibrosis group showed an increase in total bile acid levels,a decrease in platelet levels,and a significant increase in total bile acid/platelet levels(P<0.05).(2)Platelets decrease with the increase of liver fibrosis degree,total bile acids increase with the increase of liver fibrosis degree,and total bile acids/platelets increase with the increase of liver fibrosis degree.(3)The area under the curve(AUC)of total bile acid/platelet,APRI,FIB-4,and elastography in diagnosing the degree of liver fibrosis were 0.69,0.57,0.56,and 0.68,respectively.Conclusions:The diagnostic efficacy of total bile acids/platelets in diagnosing HBV related liver fibrosis is no less than that of other liver fibrosis diagnostic methods,and it is non-invasive,simple,and convenient,which is worthy of further clinical promotion and validation.展开更多
Glycyrrhizic acid(GA) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) is physiologically active.In this study,the total DNA of wild G.uralensis was randomly transformed into Hansenula anomala by implantation of low-energy Ar^+ ...Glycyrrhizic acid(GA) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) is physiologically active.In this study,the total DNA of wild G.uralensis was randomly transformed into Hansenula anomala by implantation of low-energy Ar^+ and N^+,to produce five recombinant yeast strains relating to biological synthesis of the GA or Glycyrrhetinic acid (GAs).After culturing in liquid medium for 96 h,the resultant GA,18α-GAs and 18β-Gas were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC),and the corresponding concentrations were 114.49,0.56,and 0.81 mg·L^(-1).After one hundred primers were analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD),the seven different DNA fragments were produced by the N7059 strain of recombined yeasts,and,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) verified that one of them came from the genome of G.uralensis,indicating a successful transfer of genetic information by ion implantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy(HE)remains unclear,and the classical theory of ammonia toxicity lacks sufficient justification.AIM To investigate the potential of bile acids as intervention targe...BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy(HE)remains unclear,and the classical theory of ammonia toxicity lacks sufficient justification.AIM To investigate the potential of bile acids as intervention targets for HE.METHODS This study employed 42 wild-type male SD rats weighing 200±20 g.Using a random number table method,two rats were randomly selected to undergo common bile duct ligation(BDL).The remaining 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups serving as controls:The vehicle+control diet(VC)group,the thioacetamide(TAA)group,the TAA+total bile acids(TAAT)group,and the TAA+cholestyramine(TAAC)group.Except for the VC group,all rats were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg TAA solution once daily for ten consecutive days to establish a HE model.Simultaneously,the TAAT and TAAC groups were administered a diet containing 0.3%bile acids(derived from BDL rats)and 2%cholestyramine,respectively,by gavage for ten days.For the BDL rat model group,the common BDL procedure was performed following the aforementioned protocol.After four weeks,laparotomy revealed swollen bile ducts at the ligation site,and bile was collected.Following successful modeling,behavioral tests,including the elevated plus maze and open field test,were conducted to assess the HE status of the rats.Peripheral blood,liver,and cerebral cortex tissue samples were collected,and the total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex was measured using an enzyme cycling method.The levels of inflammatory factors in the serum and cerebral cortex were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver histological examination was performed using the hematoxylin-eosin double-labeling method.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,western blot,immunohistochemistry,and other techniques were employed to observe the expression of microglial activation marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5)protein.RESULTS Compared to the VC group,the TAA group exhibited an exacerbation of HE in rats.The total bile acid content,proinflammatory factors[interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6],and the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in both the serum and cerebral cortex were significantly elevated.Similarly,the expression of the TGR5 receptor in the cerebral cortex was upregulated.To investigate the impact of total bile acids on HE in rats,comparisons were made with the TAA group.In the TAAT group,the severity of HE was further aggravated,accompanied by increased total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex,elevated pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6),reduced levels of the antiinflammatory factor IL-10,and decreased expression of the TGR5 receptor in the cerebral cortex.In the TAAC group,the severity of HE was alleviated.This group showed reductions in total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex,decreased pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6),increased levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10,and enhanced expression of the TGR5 receptor in the cerebral cortex.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex of TAA-induced liver cirrhosis rats was elevated.Furthermore,total bile acids exacerbate the progression of HE in rats.This effect may be attributed to bile acids’involvement in the development of neurological dysfunction by mediating TGR5 expression and regulating neuroinflammation.展开更多
A study was conducted to find out the effect of citric acid on total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of liquor made from unprocessed purple-leafed TRFK 306 Kenyan tea, brewed at various time/temperatur...A study was conducted to find out the effect of citric acid on total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of liquor made from unprocessed purple-leafed TRFK 306 Kenyan tea, brewed at various time/temperature combinations. Most purple tea consumers usually brew the tea leaves then add some lemon juice before consuming it. Citric acid was used here to mimic the use of lemon juice. Documentation on the quality of such a brew is scanty and the effect of acid on its quality is equally scanty. The current study used brewing time/temperature combinations of 5, 10 and 15 minutes with 70°C and 92°C drinking water. Total monomeric anthocyanins were analysed using UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) while DDPH method was used to assay for antioxidant activity. Citric acid concentration of 0, 0.1% to 0.5% was used to check their effect on the brews with the highest total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. The results showed that brewing temperature of 70°C had 9.5 mg/L to 27.7 mg/L, with 5 minutes brewing time being the highest. Temperature of 92°C had 37.5 mg/L to 92 mg/L with 5 minutes brewing time having the highest total monomeric anthocyanins. Antioxidant activity of 92°C brewing temperature ranged from 90.7% to 92.0%. Total monomeric anthocyanins increased with increased citric acid concentration up to 0.3% before it decreases while for antioxidant activity, it decreased with addition of citric acid. It was concluded that for maximum anthocyanins extraction, 5 minutes brewing time is the best while ten minutes brewing time could give optimum antioxidant activity.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aer- obic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn bas...This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aer- obic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based totalmixed ration （TMR） silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments： （1） no additives （control）; （2） an inoculant （Lactobacillus plantarum） （L）; （3） propionicacid （P）; （4） propionic acid＋lactic acid bacteria （PL）. All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH （〈3.80） and ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） contents, and high lactic acid contents as well as Flieg points. Addition of L further improved TMR silage quality with more lactic acid production. Addition of P and PL decreased lactic acid and NH3-N contents of TMR silage compared to the control （P〈0.05）. After 12 days aerobic exposure, P and PL silages remained stable, but L and the control silages deteriorated as indicated by a reduction in lactic acid and an increase in pH, and numbers of yeast. Compared to the control, addition of L had no effects on TMR silage in terms of 72 h cumulative gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids, whereas addition of PL significantly （P〈0.05） increased them. L silage had higher （P〈0.05） in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility than the control silage. The results of our study suggested that TMR silage prepared with whole-crop corn can be well preserved with or without additives. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and when used together, although they reduced lactic acid production of TMR silage, they improved aerobic stability and in vitro nutrients digestibility of TMR silage.展开更多
The molecular transformations of carboxylic acids in heavy acidic SL crude before and after true boiling point distillation were examined by ultra-high resolution negative-ion electrospray ionization(ESI) Fourier tran...The molecular transformations of carboxylic acids in heavy acidic SL crude before and after true boiling point distillation were examined by ultra-high resolution negative-ion electrospray ionization(ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS). The acid class(heteroatom number), type(z numbers) and carbon number distributions were positively characterized. It was found out that the total acid number(TAN) of SL crude decreased after true boiling point distillation, and the abundance of O2 class in mass spectra was also found to be reduced from 67.6% to 34.5% in SL TBP mixed crude as measured by MS spectra, indicating to a potential carboxylic acid decomposition. However, it was interesting that the carboxylic acids type distribution in both oils was almost the same although their relative abundance in SL TBP mixed crude turned to be much lower, suggesting that various petroleum carboxylic acid types have the similar thermal decomposition reaction behavior. Furthermore, for each O2 type of acids in SL TBP mixed crude, the abundance of carboxylic acids with carbon number higher than 35 was reduced greatly, especially for those with carbon number higher than 60, the mass peaks of which were nearly totally removed, indicating that the large carboxylic acid molecules in heavy fractions decomposed more significantly because of longer heating time during the true boiling point distillation process. As a result, the reduction of TAN may be caused by the thermal decomposition of carboxylic acids especially those with high carbon number, suggesting that quick distillation or much lower pressure is required to avoid the thermal decomposition.展开更多
High acidity crude oils have an advantage over normal oils in terms of their price,but can cause corrosion and refinery problems.They are the so-called opportunity crudes and likely to be important reserved resources ...High acidity crude oils have an advantage over normal oils in terms of their price,but can cause corrosion and refinery problems.They are the so-called opportunity crudes and likely to be important reserved resources in the 21st century.Researches on high acidity crude oils are becoming more and more profound.Based on the existing research achievements,this article has given an overview of the chemical composition and acid distribution of high acidity oils,and also analyzed their origin types and potential influence factors.展开更多
The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress an...The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21102025 and 81360470)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-120656)
文摘First total synthesis of cajanolactone A and cajanonic acid A has been achieved through steps of anion–anion condensations,cyclization,Williams etherification,selective demethylation,1 3-sigmatropic rearrangement and hydrolysis.This work provides an efficient method for future cajanonic acid A derivatives synthesis.
文摘AIM: To investigate the postoperative transfusion and complication rates of anemic and nonanemic total joint arthroplasty patients given tranexamic acid(TXA).METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted of primary hip and knee arthroplasty cases performed from 11/2012 to 6/2014. Exclusion criteria included revision arthroplasty, bilateral arthroplasty, acute arthroplasty after fracture, and contraindication to TXA. Patients were screened prior to surgery, with anemia was defined as hemoglobin of less than 12 g/d L for females and of less than 13 g/d L for males. Patients were divided into four different groups, based on the type of arthroplasty(total hip or total knee) and hemoglobin status(anemic or nonanemic). Intraoperatively, all patients received 2 g of intravenous TXA during surgery. Postoperatively, allogeneic blood transfusion(ABT) was directed by both clinical symptomsand relative hemoglobin change. Complications were recorded within the first two weeks after surgery and included thromboembolism, infection, and wound breakdown. The differences in transfusion and complication rates, as well as the relative hemoglobin change, were compared between anemic and nonanemic groups.RESULTS: A total of 232 patients undergoing primary joint arthroplasty were included in the study. For the total hip arthroplasty cohort, 21%(18/84) of patients presented with preoperative anemia. Two patients in the anemic group and two patients in the nonanemic group needed ABTs; this was not significantly different(P = 0.20). One patient in the anemic group presented with a deep venous thromboembolism while no patients in the nonanemic group had an acute complication; this was not significantly different(P = 0.21). For nonanemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 2.73 ± 1.17 g/d L. For anemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 2.28 ± 0.96 g/d L. Between the two groups, the hemoglobin difference of 0.45 g/d L was not significant(P = 0.13). For the total knee arthroplasty cohort, 18%(26/148) of patients presented with preoperative anemia. No patients in either group required a blood transfusion or had an acute postoperative complication. For nonanemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 1.85 ± 0.79 g/d L. For anemic patients, the average change in hemoglobin was 1.09 ± 0.58 g/d L. Between the two groups, the hemoglobin difference of 0.76 g/d L was significant(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TXA administration results in low transfusion and complication rates and may be a useful adjunct for TJA patients with preoperative anemia.
基金supported by the Optional Research Project of China Rehabilitation Research Center,No.2014-7the Sub-Project under National“Twelfth Five-Year”Plan for Science&Technology Support Project,No.2011BAI08B11
文摘Melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABA） have been shown to regulate sleep. The nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants may relate to insomnia in stroke patients. In this prospective single-center non-randomized controlled clinical trial performed in the China Rehabilitation Research Center, we analyzed the relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke. Patients during rehabilitation of stroke were recruited and assigned to the insomnia group or non-insomnia group. Simultaneously, persons without stroke or insomnia served as normal controls. Each group contained 25 cases. The primary outcome was nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants in peripheral blood. The secondary outcomes were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire（Chinese version）, and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. The relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke was analyzed and showed that they were lower in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. The severity of stroke was higher in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the nocturnal concentrations of melatonin and GABA were associated with insomnia after stroke. This trial was registered at Clinical Trials.gov, identifier： NCT03202121.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education in 2017(17C1603)
文摘[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of solvent concentration,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction pressure,extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid.[Results]The results showed that the extraction pressure had a significant effect on the extraction of two kinds of chemical constituents from F.Lonicerae.The optimum process conditions were as follows:solvent concentration was 60%,solid-liquid ratio was 1∶20(g/mL),extraction pressure was 2 MPa,extraction time was 30 min,extraction temperature was 70℃.The process conditions are stable,and the extraction efficiency is higher than that of ultrasonic assisted extraction method.Under the test conditions,the extraction rates of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids were respectively 15.66%and 3.89%.[Conclusions]This study provides a new theoretical basis for the development and utilization of F.Lonicerae.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (No.819MS122)Hainan Provincial Department of Education Fund Project (No.hnky2017-38)。
文摘Objective:Explore the diagnostic value of total bile acids/platelets in HBV related liver fibrosis.Methods:160 patients with chronic HBV infection admitted to the Infection Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from February 2021 to December 2022 were selected.They were divided into two groups based on the degree of liver fibrosis detected by liver biopsy:significant liver fibrosis group and non-significant liver fibrosis group.The total bile acid/blood platelet levels and their correlation with liver fibrosis in the two groups were compared and observed,and the efficacy of other non-invasive liver fibrosis diagnostic models was evaluated.Results:(1)Compared with the non-significant liver fibrosis group,the significant liver fibrosis group showed an increase in total bile acid levels,a decrease in platelet levels,and a significant increase in total bile acid/platelet levels(P<0.05).(2)Platelets decrease with the increase of liver fibrosis degree,total bile acids increase with the increase of liver fibrosis degree,and total bile acids/platelets increase with the increase of liver fibrosis degree.(3)The area under the curve(AUC)of total bile acid/platelet,APRI,FIB-4,and elastography in diagnosing the degree of liver fibrosis were 0.69,0.57,0.56,and 0.68,respectively.Conclusions:The diagnostic efficacy of total bile acids/platelets in diagnosing HBV related liver fibrosis is no less than that of other liver fibrosis diagnostic methods,and it is non-invasive,simple,and convenient,which is worthy of further clinical promotion and validation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30560182,30960006)
文摘Glycyrrhizic acid(GA) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) is physiologically active.In this study,the total DNA of wild G.uralensis was randomly transformed into Hansenula anomala by implantation of low-energy Ar^+ and N^+,to produce five recombinant yeast strains relating to biological synthesis of the GA or Glycyrrhetinic acid (GAs).After culturing in liquid medium for 96 h,the resultant GA,18α-GAs and 18β-Gas were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC),and the corresponding concentrations were 114.49,0.56,and 0.81 mg·L^(-1).After one hundred primers were analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD),the seven different DNA fragments were produced by the N7059 strain of recombined yeasts,and,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) verified that one of them came from the genome of G.uralensis,indicating a successful transfer of genetic information by ion implantation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82200650the Key Research and Development Projects of Shanxi Province,No.202102130501014the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,No.202203021211021,No.202203021212046,and No.20210302123258.
文摘BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy(HE)remains unclear,and the classical theory of ammonia toxicity lacks sufficient justification.AIM To investigate the potential of bile acids as intervention targets for HE.METHODS This study employed 42 wild-type male SD rats weighing 200±20 g.Using a random number table method,two rats were randomly selected to undergo common bile duct ligation(BDL).The remaining 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups serving as controls:The vehicle+control diet(VC)group,the thioacetamide(TAA)group,the TAA+total bile acids(TAAT)group,and the TAA+cholestyramine(TAAC)group.Except for the VC group,all rats were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg TAA solution once daily for ten consecutive days to establish a HE model.Simultaneously,the TAAT and TAAC groups were administered a diet containing 0.3%bile acids(derived from BDL rats)and 2%cholestyramine,respectively,by gavage for ten days.For the BDL rat model group,the common BDL procedure was performed following the aforementioned protocol.After four weeks,laparotomy revealed swollen bile ducts at the ligation site,and bile was collected.Following successful modeling,behavioral tests,including the elevated plus maze and open field test,were conducted to assess the HE status of the rats.Peripheral blood,liver,and cerebral cortex tissue samples were collected,and the total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex was measured using an enzyme cycling method.The levels of inflammatory factors in the serum and cerebral cortex were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver histological examination was performed using the hematoxylin-eosin double-labeling method.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,western blot,immunohistochemistry,and other techniques were employed to observe the expression of microglial activation marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5)protein.RESULTS Compared to the VC group,the TAA group exhibited an exacerbation of HE in rats.The total bile acid content,proinflammatory factors[interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6],and the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in both the serum and cerebral cortex were significantly elevated.Similarly,the expression of the TGR5 receptor in the cerebral cortex was upregulated.To investigate the impact of total bile acids on HE in rats,comparisons were made with the TAA group.In the TAAT group,the severity of HE was further aggravated,accompanied by increased total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex,elevated pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6),reduced levels of the antiinflammatory factor IL-10,and decreased expression of the TGR5 receptor in the cerebral cortex.In the TAAC group,the severity of HE was alleviated.This group showed reductions in total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex,decreased pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6),increased levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10,and enhanced expression of the TGR5 receptor in the cerebral cortex.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the total bile acid content in the serum and cerebral cortex of TAA-induced liver cirrhosis rats was elevated.Furthermore,total bile acids exacerbate the progression of HE in rats.This effect may be attributed to bile acids’involvement in the development of neurological dysfunction by mediating TGR5 expression and regulating neuroinflammation.
文摘A study was conducted to find out the effect of citric acid on total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of liquor made from unprocessed purple-leafed TRFK 306 Kenyan tea, brewed at various time/temperature combinations. Most purple tea consumers usually brew the tea leaves then add some lemon juice before consuming it. Citric acid was used here to mimic the use of lemon juice. Documentation on the quality of such a brew is scanty and the effect of acid on its quality is equally scanty. The current study used brewing time/temperature combinations of 5, 10 and 15 minutes with 70°C and 92°C drinking water. Total monomeric anthocyanins were analysed using UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) while DDPH method was used to assay for antioxidant activity. Citric acid concentration of 0, 0.1% to 0.5% was used to check their effect on the brews with the highest total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. The results showed that brewing temperature of 70°C had 9.5 mg/L to 27.7 mg/L, with 5 minutes brewing time being the highest. Temperature of 92°C had 37.5 mg/L to 92 mg/L with 5 minutes brewing time having the highest total monomeric anthocyanins. Antioxidant activity of 92°C brewing temperature ranged from 90.7% to 92.0%. Total monomeric anthocyanins increased with increased citric acid concentration up to 0.3% before it decreases while for antioxidant activity, it decreased with addition of citric acid. It was concluded that for maximum anthocyanins extraction, 5 minutes brewing time is the best while ten minutes brewing time could give optimum antioxidant activity.
基金supported by the project of Jiangsu Independent Innovation,China(CX(15)1003-3)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016YFC0502005)the Special Project of Grass of Tibet Autonomous Region for the 13th Five-Year Plan,China
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aer- obic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based totalmixed ration （TMR） silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments： （1） no additives （control）; （2） an inoculant （Lactobacillus plantarum） （L）; （3） propionicacid （P）; （4） propionic acid＋lactic acid bacteria （PL）. All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH （〈3.80） and ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） contents, and high lactic acid contents as well as Flieg points. Addition of L further improved TMR silage quality with more lactic acid production. Addition of P and PL decreased lactic acid and NH3-N contents of TMR silage compared to the control （P〈0.05）. After 12 days aerobic exposure, P and PL silages remained stable, but L and the control silages deteriorated as indicated by a reduction in lactic acid and an increase in pH, and numbers of yeast. Compared to the control, addition of L had no effects on TMR silage in terms of 72 h cumulative gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids, whereas addition of PL significantly （P〈0.05） increased them. L silage had higher （P〈0.05） in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility than the control silage. The results of our study suggested that TMR silage prepared with whole-crop corn can be well preserved with or without additives. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and when used together, although they reduced lactic acid production of TMR silage, they improved aerobic stability and in vitro nutrients digestibility of TMR silage.
基金financially supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program "973" Project (2006CB202501)
文摘The molecular transformations of carboxylic acids in heavy acidic SL crude before and after true boiling point distillation were examined by ultra-high resolution negative-ion electrospray ionization(ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS). The acid class(heteroatom number), type(z numbers) and carbon number distributions were positively characterized. It was found out that the total acid number(TAN) of SL crude decreased after true boiling point distillation, and the abundance of O2 class in mass spectra was also found to be reduced from 67.6% to 34.5% in SL TBP mixed crude as measured by MS spectra, indicating to a potential carboxylic acid decomposition. However, it was interesting that the carboxylic acids type distribution in both oils was almost the same although their relative abundance in SL TBP mixed crude turned to be much lower, suggesting that various petroleum carboxylic acid types have the similar thermal decomposition reaction behavior. Furthermore, for each O2 type of acids in SL TBP mixed crude, the abundance of carboxylic acids with carbon number higher than 35 was reduced greatly, especially for those with carbon number higher than 60, the mass peaks of which were nearly totally removed, indicating that the large carboxylic acid molecules in heavy fractions decomposed more significantly because of longer heating time during the true boiling point distillation process. As a result, the reduction of TAN may be caused by the thermal decomposition of carboxylic acids especially those with high carbon number, suggesting that quick distillation or much lower pressure is required to avoid the thermal decomposition.
文摘High acidity crude oils have an advantage over normal oils in terms of their price,but can cause corrosion and refinery problems.They are the so-called opportunity crudes and likely to be important reserved resources in the 21st century.Researches on high acidity crude oils are becoming more and more profound.Based on the existing research achievements,this article has given an overview of the chemical composition and acid distribution of high acidity oils,and also analyzed their origin types and potential influence factors.
文摘The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.
