Peyronie’s disease(PD)presents a multifaceted challenge in contemporary urological practice,marked by penile deformity,pain,and the potential for erectile dysfunction.We meticulously explored the existing literature ...Peyronie’s disease(PD)presents a multifaceted challenge in contemporary urological practice,marked by penile deformity,pain,and the potential for erectile dysfunction.We meticulously explored the existing literature of intralesional/topical interventions,aiming to provide clinicians with a nuanced understanding of available options for comprehensive PD management.To conduct this review,we performed a systematic search using the PubMed,Scopus,and ScienceDirect databases,including the keywords of combination of the“Peyronie’s disease/plastic induration of the penis(PIP)and intralesional/topical treatments”.The study selection was based on adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,resulting in the inclusion of 16 articles.We delve into the effectiveness and safety profiles of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum(CCH),interferon,platelet-rich plasma(PRP),hyaluronic acid,botulinum toxin,stem cell,extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT),and traction therapy,assessing their impact on penile curvature,length improvement,and patient-reported symptoms and outcomes.The best options evaluated are intralesional injections of CCH and penile traction devices,alone or in combination.Despite PD remains a challenge for urologists,the objective of this review is to contribute to the evolving landscape of PD management,fostering informed decision-making,and personalized care for individuals grappling with this challenging condition.展开更多
Psoriasis is a hereditary,autoimmune,chronic illness that influences the immune system and can have both cutaneous and systemic symptoms.It can seriously impair a patient’s quality of life.Psoriasis affects 2.3 perce...Psoriasis is a hereditary,autoimmune,chronic illness that influences the immune system and can have both cutaneous and systemic symptoms.It can seriously impair a patient’s quality of life.Psoriasis affects 2.3 percent of people globally and has a significant financial cost for those who suffer from it.Genes and environmental factors are the primary etiological factors.Dendritic cells,T cells,human neutrophilic peptides,lipoprotein-2,galactosin-3,fractalkine,vaspin,and familial predispositions,among other factors,are characteristics of the pathophysiology of psoriasis.Conventional psoriasis treatments for patients include corticosteroids,biological agents,vitamin D3 analogs,acitretin,calcineurin inhibitors,cyclosporine,methotrexate,and phototherapy.Growing in popularity as a multidisciplinary field of study,nano dermatology is being used to treat psoriasis.Over the years,major advancements have been made in understanding its complex pathogenesis and developing more effective,targeted treatments.Medication delivery methods utilizing nanocarriers demonstrate promise in treating psoriasis because they improve medication penetration,reduce side effects,and provide targeted action at the afflicted areas.Because of their biological compatibility,adaptability,and capacity for carrying a variety of therapeutic substances,lipid-based and polymer-based nanocarriers have demonstrated exceptional promise among them.This article summarizes the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical diagnosis,and conventional psoriasis treatments.Furthermore,the review includes an overview of various nanotechnology-based psoriasis treatments.展开更多
Oral hairy leukoplakia(OHL) is a disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections. OHL is usually an asymptomatic lesion, but in some cases treatment is recommended to reestablish...Oral hairy leukoplakia(OHL) is a disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections. OHL is usually an asymptomatic lesion, but in some cases treatment is recommended to reestablish the normal characteristics of the tongue, to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, to improve patient comfort and for cosmetic reasons. Proposed treatments for this condition include surgery, systemic antiviral treatment and topical management. Topical treatment is an inexpensive and safe therapy that is easy to apply, noninvasive, free of systemic adverse effects and effective over a long period of time. The aim of this study was to present a review of the literature for topical therapy for OHL. Gentian violet, retinoids, podophyllin, acyclovir and podophyllin associated with topical antiviral drugs were used to treat OHL. Reports with this focus are limited, and since 2010, no new studies have been published that discuss the efficacy of topical treatments for OHL. Podophyllin with acyclovircream was found to be effective, causing regression of lesions with no recurrences. Additional searches are necessary to provide clinical evidence of topical man agement effectiveness.展开更多
Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can lead to chronic pain and joint deformity. First line treatment includes disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to slow disease progression, but RA pa...Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can lead to chronic pain and joint deformity. First line treatment includes disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to slow disease progression, but RA patients are often left with debilitating symptoms. This article explores alternative topical and naturally based options to treat RA symptoms, with supporting evidence for their use. Considered options include Aloe vera, Perillyl Alcohol (POH), Aleurites moluccana, Calendula officinalis extract (quercetin), Achyranthes species, Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu, Curcumin (turmeric), Wutou, Radix paeoniae extract (Paeoniflorin), Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), Capsaicin, Cannabinoids (CBD), and Berberine. Many of these products show promising data for supplemental treatment of RA through various mechanisms, with CBD and TWHF having the most robust evidence supporting their use.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the efficacy of topical application of 0.5% nifedipine ointment in healing acute anal tissue and preventing its progress to chronicity. METHODS： Thirty-one patients （10 males, 21 females） with ...AIM： To investigate the efficacy of topical application of 0.5% nifedipine ointment in healing acute anal tissue and preventing its progress to chronicity. METHODS： Thirty-one patients （10 males, 21 females） with acute anal fissure from September 1999 to January 2005 were treated topically with 0.5% nifedipine ointment （t.i.d.） for 8 wk. The patients were encouraged to follow a high-fiber diet and assessed at 2, 4 and 8 wk post-treatment. The healing of fissure and any side effects were recorded. The patients were subsequently followed up in the outpatient clinic for one year and contacted by phone every three months thereafter, while they were encouraged to come back if symptoms recurred. RESULTS： Twenty-seven of the 31 patients completed the 8-wk treatment course, of them 23 （85.2%） achieved a complete remission indicated by resolution of symptoms and healing of fissure. Of the remaining four unhealed patients （14.8%）, 2 opted to undergo lateral sphincterotomy and the other 2 to continue therapy for four additional weeks, resulting in healing of fissure. All the 25 patients with complete remission had a mean follow-up of 22.9 ± 14 （range 6-52） too. Recurrence of symptoms occurred in four of these 25 patients （16%） who were successfully treated with an additional 4-wk course of 0.5% nifedipine ointment. Two of the 27 （7.4%） patients who completed the 8-wk treatment presented with moderate headache as a side effect of nifedipine. CONCLUSION： Topical 0.5% nifedipine ointment, used as an agent in chemical sphincterotomy, appears to offer a significant healing rate for acute anal fissure and might prevent its evolution to chronicity.展开更多
Anecdotal evidence supports the use of Bacrobial skin cleanser for preventing muscle cramps; however, empirical evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE： To examine whether Bacrobial prevents muscle cramping in the triceps sur...Anecdotal evidence supports the use of Bacrobial skin cleanser for preventing muscle cramps; however, empirical evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE： To examine whether Bacrobial prevents muscle cramping in the triceps surae. DESIGN： Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SETTINGS/LOCATION： Laboratory. SUBJECTS： Seventeen cramp-prone participants （11 male, 6 female; age 21 -4- 2 yrs; 79.72 - 19.75 kg; 175.86 - 11.76 cm） volunteered. INTERVENTION： Participants completed two trials, at least one week apart. On the ftrst trial, Bacrobial was liberally applied to the skin over the triceps surae musculature of one leg, while placebo was applied to the other leg. At 1, 5, 10, and 20 min after application, participants were instructed to induce a cramp in the triceps surae via maximal voluntary contraction. For the second trial, treatments were applied to the opposite leg as in trial one and the cramping procedure was repeated. OUTCOME MEASURES： Incidence of cramping was the main outcome measure and event-odds tables, risk reduction and NNT （numbers needed to treat） or NNH （numbers needed to harm） were calculated at the time intervals of 1, 5, 10 and 20 minutes. RESULTS： No significant differences between treatments were found in cramping incidences at all time intervals. Bacrobial decreased the risk of cramping by 12.5% at one minute （NNT = 8）, while causing a 5.3% increased risk at five minutes （NNH = 5.3）. CONCLUSIONS： Our findings indicate Bacrobial skin cleanser is not an overall effective treatment for muscle cramp prevention. However, the observed results at one minute may be useful to clinicians who treat cramp-prone patients.展开更多
Skin infections caused by microbes such as bacteria,fungi,and viruses often lead to aberrant skin functions and appearance,eventually evolving into a significant risk to human health.Among different drug administratio...Skin infections caused by microbes such as bacteria,fungi,and viruses often lead to aberrant skin functions and appearance,eventually evolving into a significant risk to human health.Among different drug administration paradigms for skin infections,microneedles(MNs)have demonstrated superiority mainly because of their merits in enhancing drug delivery efficiency and reducing microbial resistance.Also,integrating biosensing function-ality to MNs offers point-of-care wearable medical devices for analyzing specific pathogens,disease status,and drug pharmacokinetics,thus providing personalized therapy for skin infections.Herein,we do a timely update on the development of MN technology in skin infection management,with a special focus on how to devise MNs for personalized antimicrobial therapy.Notably,the advantages of state-of-the-art MNs for treating skin infections are pointed out,which include hijacking sequential drug transport barriers to enhance drug delivery efficiency and delivering various therapeutics(e.g.,antibiotics,antimicrobial peptides,photosensitizers,metals,sono-sensitizers,nanoenzyme,living bacteria,poly ionic liquid,and nanomoter).In addition,the nanoenzyme-based multimodal antimicrobial therapy is highlighted in addressing intractable infectious wounds.Furthermore,the MN-based biosensors used to identify pathogen types,track disease status,and quantify antibiotic concentrations are summarized.The limitations of antimicrobial MNs toward clinical translation are offered regarding largescale production,quality control,and policy guidance.Finally,the future development of biosensing MNs with easy-to-use and intelligent properties and MN-based wearable drug delivery for home-based therapy are prospected.We hope this review will provide valuable guidance for future development in MN-mediated topical treatment of skin infections.展开更多
Background:Systemic treatment with propranolol is proven to be effective for patients with hemangiomas with less side-effect.We used a propranolol gel for topical use on hemangiomas.Methods:In this retrospective study...Background:Systemic treatment with propranolol is proven to be effective for patients with hemangiomas with less side-effect.We used a propranolol gel for topical use on hemangiomas.Methods:In this retrospective study,we analyzed 148 patients who had been treated topically with propranolol gel for 12 weeks.We analyzed the data of patients and clinically gave each hemangioma a"hemangioma score"to determine the treatment success.Results:In 147 of the 148 patients,strong signs of resolution under treatment included lightening,paling,and less vascularization.The hemangioma score showed a signifi cant decrease during the treatment.Relevant serum levels of propranolol were not found.Adverse effects were rare and not related to propranolol.Conclusion:Topical treatment with propranolol gel is suitable for specific hemangiomas in addition to cryotherapy and systemic treatment with propranolol.展开更多
文摘Peyronie’s disease(PD)presents a multifaceted challenge in contemporary urological practice,marked by penile deformity,pain,and the potential for erectile dysfunction.We meticulously explored the existing literature of intralesional/topical interventions,aiming to provide clinicians with a nuanced understanding of available options for comprehensive PD management.To conduct this review,we performed a systematic search using the PubMed,Scopus,and ScienceDirect databases,including the keywords of combination of the“Peyronie’s disease/plastic induration of the penis(PIP)and intralesional/topical treatments”.The study selection was based on adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,resulting in the inclusion of 16 articles.We delve into the effectiveness and safety profiles of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum(CCH),interferon,platelet-rich plasma(PRP),hyaluronic acid,botulinum toxin,stem cell,extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT),and traction therapy,assessing their impact on penile curvature,length improvement,and patient-reported symptoms and outcomes.The best options evaluated are intralesional injections of CCH and penile traction devices,alone or in combination.Despite PD remains a challenge for urologists,the objective of this review is to contribute to the evolving landscape of PD management,fostering informed decision-making,and personalized care for individuals grappling with this challenging condition.
文摘Psoriasis is a hereditary,autoimmune,chronic illness that influences the immune system and can have both cutaneous and systemic symptoms.It can seriously impair a patient’s quality of life.Psoriasis affects 2.3 percent of people globally and has a significant financial cost for those who suffer from it.Genes and environmental factors are the primary etiological factors.Dendritic cells,T cells,human neutrophilic peptides,lipoprotein-2,galactosin-3,fractalkine,vaspin,and familial predispositions,among other factors,are characteristics of the pathophysiology of psoriasis.Conventional psoriasis treatments for patients include corticosteroids,biological agents,vitamin D3 analogs,acitretin,calcineurin inhibitors,cyclosporine,methotrexate,and phototherapy.Growing in popularity as a multidisciplinary field of study,nano dermatology is being used to treat psoriasis.Over the years,major advancements have been made in understanding its complex pathogenesis and developing more effective,targeted treatments.Medication delivery methods utilizing nanocarriers demonstrate promise in treating psoriasis because they improve medication penetration,reduce side effects,and provide targeted action at the afflicted areas.Because of their biological compatibility,adaptability,and capacity for carrying a variety of therapeutic substances,lipid-based and polymer-based nanocarriers have demonstrated exceptional promise among them.This article summarizes the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical diagnosis,and conventional psoriasis treatments.Furthermore,the review includes an overview of various nanotechnology-based psoriasis treatments.
基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)Office of the Dean of Research of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(PRPq,#01/2014).
文摘Oral hairy leukoplakia(OHL) is a disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections. OHL is usually an asymptomatic lesion, but in some cases treatment is recommended to reestablish the normal characteristics of the tongue, to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, to improve patient comfort and for cosmetic reasons. Proposed treatments for this condition include surgery, systemic antiviral treatment and topical management. Topical treatment is an inexpensive and safe therapy that is easy to apply, noninvasive, free of systemic adverse effects and effective over a long period of time. The aim of this study was to present a review of the literature for topical therapy for OHL. Gentian violet, retinoids, podophyllin, acyclovir and podophyllin associated with topical antiviral drugs were used to treat OHL. Reports with this focus are limited, and since 2010, no new studies have been published that discuss the efficacy of topical treatments for OHL. Podophyllin with acyclovircream was found to be effective, causing regression of lesions with no recurrences. Additional searches are necessary to provide clinical evidence of topical man agement effectiveness.
文摘Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can lead to chronic pain and joint deformity. First line treatment includes disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to slow disease progression, but RA patients are often left with debilitating symptoms. This article explores alternative topical and naturally based options to treat RA symptoms, with supporting evidence for their use. Considered options include Aloe vera, Perillyl Alcohol (POH), Aleurites moluccana, Calendula officinalis extract (quercetin), Achyranthes species, Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu, Curcumin (turmeric), Wutou, Radix paeoniae extract (Paeoniflorin), Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), Capsaicin, Cannabinoids (CBD), and Berberine. Many of these products show promising data for supplemental treatment of RA through various mechanisms, with CBD and TWHF having the most robust evidence supporting their use.
文摘AIM： To investigate the efficacy of topical application of 0.5% nifedipine ointment in healing acute anal tissue and preventing its progress to chronicity. METHODS： Thirty-one patients （10 males, 21 females） with acute anal fissure from September 1999 to January 2005 were treated topically with 0.5% nifedipine ointment （t.i.d.） for 8 wk. The patients were encouraged to follow a high-fiber diet and assessed at 2, 4 and 8 wk post-treatment. The healing of fissure and any side effects were recorded. The patients were subsequently followed up in the outpatient clinic for one year and contacted by phone every three months thereafter, while they were encouraged to come back if symptoms recurred. RESULTS： Twenty-seven of the 31 patients completed the 8-wk treatment course, of them 23 （85.2%） achieved a complete remission indicated by resolution of symptoms and healing of fissure. Of the remaining four unhealed patients （14.8%）, 2 opted to undergo lateral sphincterotomy and the other 2 to continue therapy for four additional weeks, resulting in healing of fissure. All the 25 patients with complete remission had a mean follow-up of 22.9 ± 14 （range 6-52） too. Recurrence of symptoms occurred in four of these 25 patients （16%） who were successfully treated with an additional 4-wk course of 0.5% nifedipine ointment. Two of the 27 （7.4%） patients who completed the 8-wk treatment presented with moderate headache as a side effect of nifedipine. CONCLUSION： Topical 0.5% nifedipine ointment, used as an agent in chemical sphincterotomy, appears to offer a significant healing rate for acute anal fissure and might prevent its evolution to chronicity.
文摘Anecdotal evidence supports the use of Bacrobial skin cleanser for preventing muscle cramps; however, empirical evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE： To examine whether Bacrobial prevents muscle cramping in the triceps surae. DESIGN： Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SETTINGS/LOCATION： Laboratory. SUBJECTS： Seventeen cramp-prone participants （11 male, 6 female; age 21 -4- 2 yrs; 79.72 - 19.75 kg; 175.86 - 11.76 cm） volunteered. INTERVENTION： Participants completed two trials, at least one week apart. On the ftrst trial, Bacrobial was liberally applied to the skin over the triceps surae musculature of one leg, while placebo was applied to the other leg. At 1, 5, 10, and 20 min after application, participants were instructed to induce a cramp in the triceps surae via maximal voluntary contraction. For the second trial, treatments were applied to the opposite leg as in trial one and the cramping procedure was repeated. OUTCOME MEASURES： Incidence of cramping was the main outcome measure and event-odds tables, risk reduction and NNT （numbers needed to treat） or NNH （numbers needed to harm） were calculated at the time intervals of 1, 5, 10 and 20 minutes. RESULTS： No significant differences between treatments were found in cramping incidences at all time intervals. Bacrobial decreased the risk of cramping by 12.5% at one minute （NNT = 8）, while causing a 5.3% increased risk at five minutes （NNH = 5.3）. CONCLUSIONS： Our findings indicate Bacrobial skin cleanser is not an overall effective treatment for muscle cramp prevention. However, the observed results at one minute may be useful to clinicians who treat cramp-prone patients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104071 and 82330112)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong Province(2022B1515020085)+1 种基金Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine(20231084)Leading Entrepre-neurship Team Project of Zengcheng District(202001004).
文摘Skin infections caused by microbes such as bacteria,fungi,and viruses often lead to aberrant skin functions and appearance,eventually evolving into a significant risk to human health.Among different drug administration paradigms for skin infections,microneedles(MNs)have demonstrated superiority mainly because of their merits in enhancing drug delivery efficiency and reducing microbial resistance.Also,integrating biosensing function-ality to MNs offers point-of-care wearable medical devices for analyzing specific pathogens,disease status,and drug pharmacokinetics,thus providing personalized therapy for skin infections.Herein,we do a timely update on the development of MN technology in skin infection management,with a special focus on how to devise MNs for personalized antimicrobial therapy.Notably,the advantages of state-of-the-art MNs for treating skin infections are pointed out,which include hijacking sequential drug transport barriers to enhance drug delivery efficiency and delivering various therapeutics(e.g.,antibiotics,antimicrobial peptides,photosensitizers,metals,sono-sensitizers,nanoenzyme,living bacteria,poly ionic liquid,and nanomoter).In addition,the nanoenzyme-based multimodal antimicrobial therapy is highlighted in addressing intractable infectious wounds.Furthermore,the MN-based biosensors used to identify pathogen types,track disease status,and quantify antibiotic concentrations are summarized.The limitations of antimicrobial MNs toward clinical translation are offered regarding largescale production,quality control,and policy guidance.Finally,the future development of biosensing MNs with easy-to-use and intelligent properties and MN-based wearable drug delivery for home-based therapy are prospected.We hope this review will provide valuable guidance for future development in MN-mediated topical treatment of skin infections.
文摘Background:Systemic treatment with propranolol is proven to be effective for patients with hemangiomas with less side-effect.We used a propranolol gel for topical use on hemangiomas.Methods:In this retrospective study,we analyzed 148 patients who had been treated topically with propranolol gel for 12 weeks.We analyzed the data of patients and clinically gave each hemangioma a"hemangioma score"to determine the treatment success.Results:In 147 of the 148 patients,strong signs of resolution under treatment included lightening,paling,and less vascularization.The hemangioma score showed a signifi cant decrease during the treatment.Relevant serum levels of propranolol were not found.Adverse effects were rare and not related to propranolol.Conclusion:Topical treatment with propranolol gel is suitable for specific hemangiomas in addition to cryotherapy and systemic treatment with propranolol.
