[ Objective ] With Cupressustorulosa, Cinnamomum camphora and Cyclobalanopsis Oerst as test materials, the paper studied the effects of different non- host plants on olfactory responses of Tomicus yunnanensis. [ Metho...[ Objective ] With Cupressustorulosa, Cinnamomum camphora and Cyclobalanopsis Oerst as test materials, the paper studied the effects of different non- host plants on olfactory responses of Tomicus yunnanensis. [ Method ] The needles of Pinus yunnanensis were mixed with the leaves of Cupressustondosa, C. cam- phora and C. Oerst according to the ratios of 0 g ： 6 g, 1 g ： 5 g, 2 g ： 4 g, 3 g ： 3 g, 4 g ： 2 g, 5 g ： 1 g and 6 g ： 0 g, and the mixtures were put in the re- spanse arm of Y-tube olfactometer as odor source to observe the olfactory behavior of T. yunnanensis, the empty arm was set as control. [ Result ] When the needles of P. yunnanensis were mixed with the leaves of non-hest plants according to the ratio of 1 g ： 5 g and 2 g ： 4 g, they had less difference on attractive rate to T. yun- nanensis compared with complete P. yunnanensis needles in mixture （ratio： 6 g ： 0 g）, and the maximum difference was 14%. When the needles ofP. yunnanen- sis were mixed with non-host leaves according to the ratio of 1 g ： 5 g, 2 g ： 4 g, the attractive rate to T. yunnanensis decreased compared with complete P. yun- nanensis needles in mixture （ ratio： 6 g ： 0 g）, and the decrease value in maximum was 40%. [ Conclusion] When the ratio of non-host plants was relatively small in mixed leaves, non-host had less impact on olfactory responses of T. yunnanensis. As the proportion of non-hest leaves gradually increased, the attractive rate of leaf mixtures to T. yunnanensis was gradually small. The results could provide reference for determination of mixed ratio in construction of mixed forest and the de- velopment of botanical attractive and repellent of T. yunnanensis.展开更多
Bark beetles Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor are two important pests of Pinus yunnanensis and can cause massive death of pine trees.In this study,we examined several traits related to photosynthesis in P.yunnanensis a...Bark beetles Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor are two important pests of Pinus yunnanensis and can cause massive death of pine trees.In this study,we examined several traits related to photosynthesis in P.yunnanensis and their relationship with antibiotic defense responses after joint attack by the two bark beetles at the shoot and the trunk stages.When shoots were attacked by the beetles,the abundance of chlorophylls,carotenoids,and the rates of net photosynthesis(Pn)and transpiration(E)decreased in needles,while the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde remained unchanged in both needles and phloem.The activity of peroxidases also remained unchanged in needles,but increased in phloem.The activity of catalases increased in both needles and phloem.When trunks were attacked by the bark beetles,chlorophyll abundance,Pn,E,and antioxidative enzyme activities all declined,and the declines were more pronounced than in the attacked shoots.A decrease in protein concentrations was also observed in needles and phloem from the attacked pines.Attack on shoots by the bark beetles suppressed host defense and provided a favorable environment for larval growth and development,resulting in long-term decline of pine growth potential.The results suggest that attacks on trunks by beetles caused more severe damage to host trees than attacks on shoots.展开更多
Both morphological characters and a portion of of 28S rDNA sequences were used to identifying Tomicus species.The specimens were classed into groups with the following characters: 1) granules or punctures on interstri...Both morphological characters and a portion of of 28S rDNA sequences were used to identifying Tomicus species.The specimens were classed into groups with the following characters: 1) granules or punctures on interstria 2 on the declivity of the elytra;2) length of the elytral interstrial hairs and hairs arising from punctures;3) arrangement of pronotal punctures and hairs.These characters could be clearly examined under a binocular microscope at 30×magnification and they were applicable and valuable for the forest entomologists to identify Tomicus species.The phylogenetic tree established with difference in 28S rDNA sequence of D2 region revealed that the specimens of each group identified by morphological characters were also grouped together.The genetic distances of intra-species, inter-species and inter-genus were not overlapped. Genetic divergence of 28S rDNA was also useful for identifying Tomicus species.展开更多
基金Supported by 948 Project of State Forestry Administration(2009-4-38)~~
文摘[ Objective ] With Cupressustorulosa, Cinnamomum camphora and Cyclobalanopsis Oerst as test materials, the paper studied the effects of different non- host plants on olfactory responses of Tomicus yunnanensis. [ Method ] The needles of Pinus yunnanensis were mixed with the leaves of Cupressustondosa, C. cam- phora and C. Oerst according to the ratios of 0 g ： 6 g, 1 g ： 5 g, 2 g ： 4 g, 3 g ： 3 g, 4 g ： 2 g, 5 g ： 1 g and 6 g ： 0 g, and the mixtures were put in the re- spanse arm of Y-tube olfactometer as odor source to observe the olfactory behavior of T. yunnanensis, the empty arm was set as control. [ Result ] When the needles of P. yunnanensis were mixed with the leaves of non-hest plants according to the ratio of 1 g ： 5 g and 2 g ： 4 g, they had less difference on attractive rate to T. yun- nanensis compared with complete P. yunnanensis needles in mixture （ratio： 6 g ： 0 g）, and the maximum difference was 14%. When the needles ofP. yunnanen- sis were mixed with non-host leaves according to the ratio of 1 g ： 5 g, 2 g ： 4 g, the attractive rate to T. yunnanensis decreased compared with complete P. yun- nanensis needles in mixture （ ratio： 6 g ： 0 g）, and the decrease value in maximum was 40%. [ Conclusion] When the ratio of non-host plants was relatively small in mixed leaves, non-host had less impact on olfactory responses of T. yunnanensis. As the proportion of non-hest leaves gradually increased, the attractive rate of leaf mixtures to T. yunnanensis was gradually small. The results could provide reference for determination of mixed ratio in construction of mixed forest and the de- velopment of botanical attractive and repellent of T. yunnanensis.
基金supported by the Fundamental Scientific Research Fund for Central Non-profit Research Institute(Grant No.CAFYBB2016MA006)the Public Welfare Special Fund Project of Forestry Industry of State Forestry Administration of China(Grant No.200904052)
文摘Bark beetles Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor are two important pests of Pinus yunnanensis and can cause massive death of pine trees.In this study,we examined several traits related to photosynthesis in P.yunnanensis and their relationship with antibiotic defense responses after joint attack by the two bark beetles at the shoot and the trunk stages.When shoots were attacked by the beetles,the abundance of chlorophylls,carotenoids,and the rates of net photosynthesis(Pn)and transpiration(E)decreased in needles,while the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde remained unchanged in both needles and phloem.The activity of peroxidases also remained unchanged in needles,but increased in phloem.The activity of catalases increased in both needles and phloem.When trunks were attacked by the bark beetles,chlorophyll abundance,Pn,E,and antioxidative enzyme activities all declined,and the declines were more pronounced than in the attacked shoots.A decrease in protein concentrations was also observed in needles and phloem from the attacked pines.Attack on shoots by the bark beetles suppressed host defense and provided a favorable environment for larval growth and development,resulting in long-term decline of pine growth potential.The results suggest that attacks on trunks by beetles caused more severe damage to host trees than attacks on shoots.
文摘Both morphological characters and a portion of of 28S rDNA sequences were used to identifying Tomicus species.The specimens were classed into groups with the following characters: 1) granules or punctures on interstria 2 on the declivity of the elytra;2) length of the elytral interstrial hairs and hairs arising from punctures;3) arrangement of pronotal punctures and hairs.These characters could be clearly examined under a binocular microscope at 30×magnification and they were applicable and valuable for the forest entomologists to identify Tomicus species.The phylogenetic tree established with difference in 28S rDNA sequence of D2 region revealed that the specimens of each group identified by morphological characters were also grouped together.The genetic distances of intra-species, inter-species and inter-genus were not overlapped. Genetic divergence of 28S rDNA was also useful for identifying Tomicus species.
