Excitotoxicity refers to toxicity caused by abnormal concentrations of glutamate in the synaptic cleft that may lead to neuronal death. Since its description, the phenomenon of glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been im...Excitotoxicity refers to toxicity caused by abnormal concentrations of glutamate in the synaptic cleft that may lead to neuronal death. Since its description, the phenomenon of glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been implicated in the physiopathology of a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, from acute brain damage such as traumatic brain injury, ischemia as well as chronic condi- tions like epilepsy, depression and neurodegenerative pathologies such as Huntington＇s, Parkinson＇s and Alzheimer＇s diseases. Exces- sive stimulation of glutamatergic receptors, mainly N-methyl-D-as- partate （NMDA） receptors （NMDAR）, can have numerous adverse effects on the cell viability, including increased nitric oxide release （NO）, activation of proteases, increased production of reactive oxygen （ROS） and nitrogen （RNS） species and massive influx of calcium ions （Ca2＋）, resulting in cell death. Thus, the use of strategies that modulate the excitotoxic cell damage represents a perspective for the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson＇s and Alzheimer＇s diseases, ischemia, traumatic brain injury （TBI） and seizures.展开更多
Co-flowering species may have evolved strategies to avoid or tolerate the adverse effects of heterospecific pollen deposition.However,the precondition for this evolutionary response is spatialetemporal stability,an as...Co-flowering species may have evolved strategies to avoid or tolerate the adverse effects of heterospecific pollen deposition.However,the precondition for this evolutionary response is spatialetemporal stability,an aspect currently understudied.Here,we examined the spatialetemporal stability in conspecific and heterospecific pollen loads on stigmas across 19 co-flowering species in six sub-alpine meadow communities over four consecutive years.We found that,although conspecific and heterospecific pollen loads,as well as proportions of heterospecific pollen,differed significantly among species,with heterospecific pollen proportion ranging from 0.1%to 41.8%,variation in heterospecific pollen proportion among species was stable across different years and communities.The most important predictor of variation in both conspecific and heterospecific pollen loads,as well as heterospecific pollen proportions,was species identity;furthermore,this factor was independent of phylogenetic relationship.The proportion of heterospecific pollen varied less within species that had high proportions of heterospecific pollen.Furthermore,both the proportion of heterospecific pollen and its coefficient of variation were more strongly driven by heterospecific pollen than by conspecific pollen.Our study suggests that variation in stigmatic pollen load among co-flowering species is spatially and temporally consistent,a precondition for the tolerance-avoidance strategy.This study provides new insights into how different plant species respond to heterospecific pollen deposition.展开更多
The China ADS（C-ADS） project proposes to build a 1000 MW Accelerator Driven sub-critical System around 2032. The accelerator will work in CW mode with 10 mA in beam current and 1.5 GeV in final beam energy. The lina...The China ADS（C-ADS） project proposes to build a 1000 MW Accelerator Driven sub-critical System around 2032. The accelerator will work in CW mode with 10 mA in beam current and 1.5 GeV in final beam energy. The linac is composed of two major sections： the injector section and the main linac section. There are two diferent schemes for the injector section. The Injector-scheme is based on a 325 MHz RFQ and superconducting spoke cavities of the same RF frequency and the Injector-scheme is based on a 162.5 MHz RFQ and superconducting HWR cavities of the same frequency. The main linac design will be diferent for diferent injector choices. The two diferent designs for the main linac have been studied according to the beam characteristics from the diferent injector schemes.展开更多
基金grants from CNPq (Universal 2012 INCT-Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection)+1 种基金FAPESC (NENASC/PRONEX)CAPES (PVE 052/2012) to C.I.T
文摘Excitotoxicity refers to toxicity caused by abnormal concentrations of glutamate in the synaptic cleft that may lead to neuronal death. Since its description, the phenomenon of glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been implicated in the physiopathology of a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, from acute brain damage such as traumatic brain injury, ischemia as well as chronic condi- tions like epilepsy, depression and neurodegenerative pathologies such as Huntington＇s, Parkinson＇s and Alzheimer＇s diseases. Exces- sive stimulation of glutamatergic receptors, mainly N-methyl-D-as- partate （NMDA） receptors （NMDAR）, can have numerous adverse effects on the cell viability, including increased nitric oxide release （NO）, activation of proteases, increased production of reactive oxygen （ROS） and nitrogen （RNS） species and massive influx of calcium ions （Ca2＋）, resulting in cell death. Thus, the use of strategies that modulate the excitotoxic cell damage represents a perspective for the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson＇s and Alzheimer＇s diseases, ischemia, traumatic brain injury （TBI） and seizures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071535 and 32371602)the Key Scientific Research Projects of College and University in Henan Province(No.24ZX001)the Henan Province Foundation for University Key Teacher(No.2020GGJS074).
文摘Co-flowering species may have evolved strategies to avoid or tolerate the adverse effects of heterospecific pollen deposition.However,the precondition for this evolutionary response is spatialetemporal stability,an aspect currently understudied.Here,we examined the spatialetemporal stability in conspecific and heterospecific pollen loads on stigmas across 19 co-flowering species in six sub-alpine meadow communities over four consecutive years.We found that,although conspecific and heterospecific pollen loads,as well as proportions of heterospecific pollen,differed significantly among species,with heterospecific pollen proportion ranging from 0.1%to 41.8%,variation in heterospecific pollen proportion among species was stable across different years and communities.The most important predictor of variation in both conspecific and heterospecific pollen loads,as well as heterospecific pollen proportions,was species identity;furthermore,this factor was independent of phylogenetic relationship.The proportion of heterospecific pollen varied less within species that had high proportions of heterospecific pollen.Furthermore,both the proportion of heterospecific pollen and its coefficient of variation were more strongly driven by heterospecific pollen than by conspecific pollen.Our study suggests that variation in stigmatic pollen load among co-flowering species is spatially and temporally consistent,a precondition for the tolerance-avoidance strategy.This study provides new insights into how different plant species respond to heterospecific pollen deposition.
文摘The China ADS（C-ADS） project proposes to build a 1000 MW Accelerator Driven sub-critical System around 2032. The accelerator will work in CW mode with 10 mA in beam current and 1.5 GeV in final beam energy. The linac is composed of two major sections： the injector section and the main linac section. There are two diferent schemes for the injector section. The Injector-scheme is based on a 325 MHz RFQ and superconducting spoke cavities of the same RF frequency and the Injector-scheme is based on a 162.5 MHz RFQ and superconducting HWR cavities of the same frequency. The main linac design will be diferent for diferent injector choices. The two diferent designs for the main linac have been studied according to the beam characteristics from the diferent injector schemes.
