In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulations to compare parametric estimators of Type 1 Tobit model. In particular, we examine the performance for finite samples of three different estimators of simple Tobit model: t...In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulations to compare parametric estimators of Type 1 Tobit model. In particular, we examine the performance for finite samples of three different estimators of simple Tobit model: the least squares (LS) estimator, the Heckman (H) estimator and the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. These three estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal in the case where the density error is specified. However, these properties are sensitive to the situation where the error distribution is not specified. The purpose of this article is to determine properties of the three estimators, namely bias and convergence, by using Monte Carlo simulations.展开更多
The marine industry plays an important role in promoting the development of the blue economic zone,and the study of the operating performance of marine industry is of important practical significance. Using DEA method...The marine industry plays an important role in promoting the development of the blue economic zone,and the study of the operating performance of marine industry is of important practical significance. Using DEA method,this article measures the operating performance of marine industry in the blue economic zone. On this basis,using Tobit model,it analyzes the factors influencing the operating performance of marine industry. The results show that the industries of high carbon emission performance are basically the industries of high energy consumption,high emission and high pollution; the level of economic development and the number of important technological achievements can both significantly increase the pure technical efficiency; the sustainable environmental carrying capacity and the number of employees are conducive to improving the technological progress index and overall efficiency; the level of social infrastructure plays a role in promoting the overall efficiency,but the role is not obvious.展开更多
Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI coun...Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the applications of Tobit regression models we always encounter the data sets which contain too many variables that only a few of them contribute to the model. The...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the applications of Tobit regression models we always encounter the data sets which contain too many variables that only a few of them contribute to the model. Therefore, it will waste much more samples to estimate the “non-effective” variables in the inference. In this paper, we use a sequential procedure for constructing the fixed size confidence set for the “effective” parameters to the model by using an adaptive shrinkage estimate such that the “effective” coefficients can be efficiently identified with the minimum sample size based on Tobit regression model. Fixed design is considered for numerical simulation.</span>展开更多
文摘In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulations to compare parametric estimators of Type 1 Tobit model. In particular, we examine the performance for finite samples of three different estimators of simple Tobit model: the least squares (LS) estimator, the Heckman (H) estimator and the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. These three estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal in the case where the density error is specified. However, these properties are sensitive to the situation where the error distribution is not specified. The purpose of this article is to determine properties of the three estimators, namely bias and convergence, by using Monte Carlo simulations.
基金Supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education(10JYC790312)
文摘The marine industry plays an important role in promoting the development of the blue economic zone,and the study of the operating performance of marine industry is of important practical significance. Using DEA method,this article measures the operating performance of marine industry in the blue economic zone. On this basis,using Tobit model,it analyzes the factors influencing the operating performance of marine industry. The results show that the industries of high carbon emission performance are basically the industries of high energy consumption,high emission and high pollution; the level of economic development and the number of important technological achievements can both significantly increase the pure technical efficiency; the sustainable environmental carrying capacity and the number of employees are conducive to improving the technological progress index and overall efficiency; the level of social infrastructure plays a role in promoting the overall efficiency,but the role is not obvious.
文摘Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the applications of Tobit regression models we always encounter the data sets which contain too many variables that only a few of them contribute to the model. Therefore, it will waste much more samples to estimate the “non-effective” variables in the inference. In this paper, we use a sequential procedure for constructing the fixed size confidence set for the “effective” parameters to the model by using an adaptive shrinkage estimate such that the “effective” coefficients can be efficiently identified with the minimum sample size based on Tobit regression model. Fixed design is considered for numerical simulation.</span>
