Peptic ulcer(PU)is characterized by inflammation,necrosis,and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by various pathogenic factors,leading to ulcer formation.The stomach and duodenum are the most commonly affec...Peptic ulcer(PU)is characterized by inflammation,necrosis,and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by various pathogenic factors,leading to ulcer formation.The stomach and duodenum are the most commonly affected sites.Bletilla striata,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,contains diverse chemical constituents and exhibits multiple pharmacological effects.As a key component in various traditional Chinese medicine compound formulations,it has demonstrated notable clinical efficacy.Moreover,it has a solid research foundation and broad application prospects in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.This paper systematically elaborates on the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action of Bletilla striata in the treatment of PUs,drawing from ancient medical literature and traditional formula applications to provide support for clinical use.展开更多
Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide(DMS,CH_(3)SCH_(3))and methanethiol(MeSH,CH_(3)SH)have been widely studied and recognized to significantly constrain the atmospheric sulfur budget.Nevertheless,while the role of DMS and MeS...Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide(DMS,CH_(3)SCH_(3))and methanethiol(MeSH,CH_(3)SH)have been widely studied and recognized to significantly constrain the atmospheric sulfur budget.Nevertheless,while the role of DMS and MeSH remains largely uncertain in inland regions,learning about dimethyl disulfide(DMDS,CH_(3)SSCH_(3))is also limited.In this study,we measured atmospheric DMS,MeSH and DMDS in winter,from 19 December 2022 to 30 January 2023,and spring,from 24 April to 2 June 2023 with a Vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-offlightmass spectrometer(Vocus PTR-TOF)at the Dianshan Lake(DSL)Air QualityMonitoring Supersite in a suburban area of Shanghai,China.The mixing ratios of DMS,MeSH and DMDS exhibited clear diurnal cycles,and were characterized by average and interquartile range values of 22.6(10.1-29.7),14.9(6.5-19.4)and 9.8(6.0-10.7)pptv,respectively,in the spring campaign,which are approximately twice as high as those in winter.MeSH and DMDS were found to be well correlated with DMS in the two campaigns.Wind analysis suggests that three reduced-sulfur compounds owned common sources from the DSL.Furthermore,the sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))production quantity fromthe three reduced-sulfur compounds over the DSL inMay 2023 was estimated to be 1.42±0.74 t with 84.8%originating fromDMDS,which was comparable to the monthly SO_(2) emissions fromships over the DSL.Our results highlight the prominent role of atmospheric DMDS in SO_(2) production when compared to DMS and MeSH in the suburban area of Shanghai,soliciting further investigation and consideration of DMDS in the sulfur budget.展开更多
The increasing incidence of melanoma poses significant challenges for conventional treatment approaches,plagued by drug resistance and adverse side effects.Natural marine-derived compounds have gained prominence in me...The increasing incidence of melanoma poses significant challenges for conventional treatment approaches,plagued by drug resistance and adverse side effects.Natural marine-derived compounds have gained prominence in melanoma research for their unique bioactivities and diversity.This review delves into the therapeutic potential of these compounds in melanoma treatment,emphasizing their distinctive advantages such as multi-target mechanisms and immune modulation,which distinguish them from traditional therapies.Additionally,we discuss the challenges in translating these agents into clinical applications,including formulation stability,bioavailability,and regulatory hurdles.Recent advancements in preclinical models such as organoids and completed clinical trials further support the exploration of marine-derived compounds in melanoma management.By consolidating current research,this review underscores the potential of these agents to enhance treatment efficacy and foster new therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Marine biological activity has long been recognized to impact the atmospheric chemistry of coastal areas.In this work,we monitored the seasonal variation of carbonyl compounds in the coastal city of Qingdao,located in...Marine biological activity has long been recognized to impact the atmospheric chemistry of coastal areas.In this work,we monitored the seasonal variation of carbonyl compounds in the coastal city of Qingdao,located in the north of China’s coastline and the south of Jiaodong Peninsula,with the vast hinterland in the west.The mean total concentration of the 15 carbonyls varied significantly between seasons,with the highest observed in autumn(10.2±6.2 ppbv),followed by spring(9.0±3.0 ppbv),winter(6.4±4.0 ppbv)and summer(3.4±1.4 ppbv).Using bivariate analysis,the agricultural emissions from inland areas were responsible for the high levels of carbonyls in the autumn.In summer,clean and humid sea winds helped reduce the concentration of carbonyls,but they also brought air masses from vegetation,and marine organisms,which contributed to high levels of carbonyls in the spring of coastal areas.The observation-based chemistry box model found that the forma-tion of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was primarily controlled by the RO+O2 reaction,and alkenes oxidation was the main contributing factor.Based on the OH radical loss rate(LOH)and ozone formation potential(OFP)calculation,we found that autumn and spring seasons have significantly higher values of LOH and OFP than winter and summer due to the presence of high concentrations of carbonyl compounds.Therefore,it is believed that these carbonyl compounds primarily originate from agricultural activities,and marine air influences the atmospheric chemistry of the coastal areas.展开更多
经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS)是一种神经调制方法,临床中凭借医生经验手动确定TMS线圈摆放位姿,导致线圈摆放位置和姿态不准确且重复定位精度差。针对上述问题,提出一种TMS线圈机器人辅助定位系统,使用RGB相机...经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS)是一种神经调制方法,临床中凭借医生经验手动确定TMS线圈摆放位姿,导致线圈摆放位置和姿态不准确且重复定位精度差。针对上述问题,提出一种TMS线圈机器人辅助定位系统,使用RGB相机替代导航系统中双目红外相机,采用一种基于神经网络的无标志物TMS线圈机器人辅助定位方法。搭建神经网络实现相机空间线圈姿态到操作臂空间关节角度的映射,并通过仿真数据训练验证了该神经网络架构适用于TMS线圈位姿摆放问题。随后,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性,同时表明训练的神经网络针对TMS线圈定位任务具有良好的泛化能力。最后,在笛卡儿空间的位姿验证结果显示TMS线圈三维位置平均误差为2.16 mm,总体姿态误差为0.055 rad,使用RGB相机的TMS线圈机器人辅助定位系统在精度上达到了与其他使用双目红外相机的科研或商用系统相同的水平,满足TMS临床治疗要求,具备临床应用的可行性。展开更多
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the at...Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the atmosphere and endanger human health. After the “14th Five-Year Plan”, VOCs, instead of SO2, became one of the five indicators of China’s atmospheric governance. As a result, the government’s efforts to control VOCs have increased significantly. VOCs governance mustn’t be delayed. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of VOCs governance, covering the classification of VOCs, analysis of VOC governance technology (with a focus on end-of-pipe governance technology), national policy regulations, current governance shortcomings, and a forward-looking perspective on the future direction of VOCs governance, emphasizing healthy and sustainable development.展开更多
Disorders in energy homeostasis can lead to various metabolic diseases,particularly obesity.The obesity epidemic has led to an increased incidence of obesityrelated nephropathy(ORN),a distinct entity characterized by ...Disorders in energy homeostasis can lead to various metabolic diseases,particularly obesity.The obesity epidemic has led to an increased incidence of obesityrelated nephropathy(ORN),a distinct entity characterized by proteinuria,glomerulomegaly,progressive glomerulosclerosis,and renal function decline.Obesity and its associated renal damage are common in clinical practice,and their incidence is increasing and attracting great attention.There is a great need to identify safe and effective therapeutic modalities,and therapeutics using chemical compounds and natural products are receiving increasing attention.However,the summary is lacking about the specific effects and mechanisms of action of compounds in the treatment of ORN.In this review,we summarize the important clinical features and compound treatment strategies for obesity and obesityinduced kidney injury.We also summarize the pathologic and clinical features of ORN as well as its pathogenesis and potential therapeutics targeting renal inflammation,oxidative stress,insulin resistance,fibrosis,kidney lipid accumulation,and dysregulated autophagy.In addition,detailed information on natural and synthetic compounds used for the treatment of obesity-related kidney disease is summarized.The synthesis of detailed information aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the clinical treatment modalities for obesity-related kidney diseases,fostering the anticipation of novel insights in this domain.展开更多
A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce ...A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment steps.An effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE,followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS),for quantification of PFCs.Conditions affecting the SPLE efficiency,including temperature,static extraction time,and number of extraction cycles used,were studied.The optimum conditions were found to be 120℃,10 min,and 3 cycles,respectively.LC-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to PFCs.The method detection limits(MDLs)were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/g.To ensure accurate values were obtained,each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent contamination.The optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target compounds.Finally,the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to 2019.It is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes,and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement,while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2024ZD0521002The Innovation Team Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province,No.LNZYYCXTD-CCCX-003+1 种基金General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074296Construction Project of Inheritance Studios of Famous Chinese Medicine Experts in China,No.[2022]No.75.
文摘Peptic ulcer(PU)is characterized by inflammation,necrosis,and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by various pathogenic factors,leading to ulcer formation.The stomach and duodenum are the most commonly affected sites.Bletilla striata,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,contains diverse chemical constituents and exhibits multiple pharmacological effects.As a key component in various traditional Chinese medicine compound formulations,it has demonstrated notable clinical efficacy.Moreover,it has a solid research foundation and broad application prospects in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.This paper systematically elaborates on the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action of Bletilla striata in the treatment of PUs,drawing from ancient medical literature and traditional formula applications to provide support for clinical use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21925601 and 22127811).
文摘Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide(DMS,CH_(3)SCH_(3))and methanethiol(MeSH,CH_(3)SH)have been widely studied and recognized to significantly constrain the atmospheric sulfur budget.Nevertheless,while the role of DMS and MeSH remains largely uncertain in inland regions,learning about dimethyl disulfide(DMDS,CH_(3)SSCH_(3))is also limited.In this study,we measured atmospheric DMS,MeSH and DMDS in winter,from 19 December 2022 to 30 January 2023,and spring,from 24 April to 2 June 2023 with a Vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-offlightmass spectrometer(Vocus PTR-TOF)at the Dianshan Lake(DSL)Air QualityMonitoring Supersite in a suburban area of Shanghai,China.The mixing ratios of DMS,MeSH and DMDS exhibited clear diurnal cycles,and were characterized by average and interquartile range values of 22.6(10.1-29.7),14.9(6.5-19.4)and 9.8(6.0-10.7)pptv,respectively,in the spring campaign,which are approximately twice as high as those in winter.MeSH and DMDS were found to be well correlated with DMS in the two campaigns.Wind analysis suggests that three reduced-sulfur compounds owned common sources from the DSL.Furthermore,the sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))production quantity fromthe three reduced-sulfur compounds over the DSL inMay 2023 was estimated to be 1.42±0.74 t with 84.8%originating fromDMDS,which was comparable to the monthly SO_(2) emissions fromships over the DSL.Our results highlight the prominent role of atmospheric DMDS in SO_(2) production when compared to DMS and MeSH in the suburban area of Shanghai,soliciting further investigation and consideration of DMDS in the sulfur budget.
文摘The increasing incidence of melanoma poses significant challenges for conventional treatment approaches,plagued by drug resistance and adverse side effects.Natural marine-derived compounds have gained prominence in melanoma research for their unique bioactivities and diversity.This review delves into the therapeutic potential of these compounds in melanoma treatment,emphasizing their distinctive advantages such as multi-target mechanisms and immune modulation,which distinguish them from traditional therapies.Additionally,we discuss the challenges in translating these agents into clinical applications,including formulation stability,bioavailability,and regulatory hurdles.Recent advancements in preclinical models such as organoids and completed clinical trials further support the exploration of marine-derived compounds in melanoma management.By consolidating current research,this review underscores the potential of these agents to enhance treatment efficacy and foster new therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976106,42005092,and 42105111)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020QD058 and ZR2021QD144)+1 种基金the Introduction and Cultivation Plan for Young Innovative Talents of Colleges and Universities by the Education Department of Shandong Province(No.142,2019)。
文摘Marine biological activity has long been recognized to impact the atmospheric chemistry of coastal areas.In this work,we monitored the seasonal variation of carbonyl compounds in the coastal city of Qingdao,located in the north of China’s coastline and the south of Jiaodong Peninsula,with the vast hinterland in the west.The mean total concentration of the 15 carbonyls varied significantly between seasons,with the highest observed in autumn(10.2±6.2 ppbv),followed by spring(9.0±3.0 ppbv),winter(6.4±4.0 ppbv)and summer(3.4±1.4 ppbv).Using bivariate analysis,the agricultural emissions from inland areas were responsible for the high levels of carbonyls in the autumn.In summer,clean and humid sea winds helped reduce the concentration of carbonyls,but they also brought air masses from vegetation,and marine organisms,which contributed to high levels of carbonyls in the spring of coastal areas.The observation-based chemistry box model found that the forma-tion of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was primarily controlled by the RO+O2 reaction,and alkenes oxidation was the main contributing factor.Based on the OH radical loss rate(LOH)and ozone formation potential(OFP)calculation,we found that autumn and spring seasons have significantly higher values of LOH and OFP than winter and summer due to the presence of high concentrations of carbonyl compounds.Therefore,it is believed that these carbonyl compounds primarily originate from agricultural activities,and marine air influences the atmospheric chemistry of the coastal areas.
文摘Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the atmosphere and endanger human health. After the “14th Five-Year Plan”, VOCs, instead of SO2, became one of the five indicators of China’s atmospheric governance. As a result, the government’s efforts to control VOCs have increased significantly. VOCs governance mustn’t be delayed. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of VOCs governance, covering the classification of VOCs, analysis of VOC governance technology (with a focus on end-of-pipe governance technology), national policy regulations, current governance shortcomings, and a forward-looking perspective on the future direction of VOCs governance, emphasizing healthy and sustainable development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82100866(to Mao TH).
文摘Disorders in energy homeostasis can lead to various metabolic diseases,particularly obesity.The obesity epidemic has led to an increased incidence of obesityrelated nephropathy(ORN),a distinct entity characterized by proteinuria,glomerulomegaly,progressive glomerulosclerosis,and renal function decline.Obesity and its associated renal damage are common in clinical practice,and their incidence is increasing and attracting great attention.There is a great need to identify safe and effective therapeutic modalities,and therapeutics using chemical compounds and natural products are receiving increasing attention.However,the summary is lacking about the specific effects and mechanisms of action of compounds in the treatment of ORN.In this review,we summarize the important clinical features and compound treatment strategies for obesity and obesityinduced kidney injury.We also summarize the pathologic and clinical features of ORN as well as its pathogenesis and potential therapeutics targeting renal inflammation,oxidative stress,insulin resistance,fibrosis,kidney lipid accumulation,and dysregulated autophagy.In addition,detailed information on natural and synthetic compounds used for the treatment of obesity-related kidney disease is summarized.The synthesis of detailed information aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the clinical treatment modalities for obesity-related kidney diseases,fostering the anticipation of novel insights in this domain.
基金supported by the NQI Project of National key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFF0201102)the project for the“Development of analytical method and certified reference materials for tracing air pollutant source” (No.21AKY1514)from the National Institute of Metrology,Beijing,China。
文摘A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment steps.An effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE,followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS),for quantification of PFCs.Conditions affecting the SPLE efficiency,including temperature,static extraction time,and number of extraction cycles used,were studied.The optimum conditions were found to be 120℃,10 min,and 3 cycles,respectively.LC-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to PFCs.The method detection limits(MDLs)were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/g.To ensure accurate values were obtained,each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent contamination.The optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target compounds.Finally,the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to 2019.It is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes,and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement,while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.
