Titanium exhibits outstanding properties,particularly,high specific strength and resistance to both high and low temperatures,earning it a reputation as the metal of the future.However,because of the highly reactive n...Titanium exhibits outstanding properties,particularly,high specific strength and resistance to both high and low temperatures,earning it a reputation as the metal of the future.However,because of the highly reactive nature of titanium,metallic titanium production involves extensive procedures and high costs.Considering its advantages and limitations,the European Union has classified titanium metal as a critical raw material(CRM)of low category.The Kroll process is predominantly used to produce titanium;however,molten salt electrolysis(MSE)is currently being explored for producing metallic titanium at a low cost.Since 2000,electrolytic titanium production has undergone a wave of technological advancements.However,because of the intermediate and disproportionation reactions in the electrolytic titanium production process,the process efficiency and titanium purity according to industrial standards could not be achieved.Consequently,metallic titanium production has gradually diversified into employing technologies such as thermal reduction,MSE,and titanium alloy preparation.This study provides a comprehensive review of research advances in titanium metal preparation technologies over the past two decades,highlighting the challenges faced by the existing methods and proposing potential solutions.It offers useful insights into the development of low-cost titanium preparation technologies.展开更多
It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla we...It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.展开更多
During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this...During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this paper,the electrochemical dissolution behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V(TA15)titanium alloy at without particle impact,low(15°)and high(90°)angle particle impact was investigated,and the influence of Al_(2)O_(3)particles on ECM was systematically expounded.It was found that under the condition of no particle erosion,the surface of electrochemically processed titanium alloy had serious pitting corrosion due to the influence of the passivation film,and the surface roughness(Sa)of the local area reached 10.088μm.Under the condition of a high-impact angle(90°),due to the existence of strain hardening and particle embedding,only the edge of the surface is dissolved,while the central area is almost insoluble,with the surface roughness(S_(a))reaching 16.086μm.On the contrary,under the condition of a low-impact angle(15°),the machining efficiency and surface quality of the material were significantly improved due to the ploughing effect and galvanic corrosion,and the surface roughness(S_(a))reached 2.823μm.Based on these findings,the electrochemical dissolution model of TA15 titanium alloy under different particle erosion conditions was established.展开更多
To investigate the electrodeposition mechanism of Ti^4＋, electrochemistry experiments were conducted using a KF-KCl-K2Ti6O13 molten salt at a Cu electrode at 950 ℃. Transient electrochemical techniques such as cycli...To investigate the electrodeposition mechanism of Ti^4＋, electrochemistry experiments were conducted using a KF-KCl-K2Ti6O13 molten salt at a Cu electrode at 950 ℃. Transient electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry（CV） and square-wave voltammetry were used in this study. The main phases and compositions of the product were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and energy-dispersive spectrometry（EDS）. The resulting product has the structure of metallic Ti. The results indicate that Ti^4＋ is reduced to metallic Ti by a two-step mechanism, corresponding to the reduction pathway： Ti^4＋→ Ti^2＋→ Ti. Moreover, Cu-Ti alloy could be obtained by the potentiostatic electrolysis at a Cu electrode.展开更多
Implant-related infection and early bone integration are the main risk factors of implants for long-term service,to overcome these difficulties,SLA-TiCu surface was prepared by sandblasting and large-grits etching(SLA...Implant-related infection and early bone integration are the main risk factors of implants for long-term service,to overcome these difficulties,SLA-TiCu surface was prepared by sandblasting and large-grits etching(SLA)treatment on a novel antibacterial titanium-copper alloy(TiCu),which is the most prevalent surface treatment with micro/submicron hierarchical structures to titanium-based implants.Effects of SLA-TiCu surface on the adhesion,proliferation,apoptosis and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as the antibacterial activity against a common orthopedic pathogen(Staphylococcus aureus)were studied.Compared to the following surfaces:sandblasting and large-grits etched pure titanium(SLATi),mechanically ground pure titanium and TiCu alloy(M-Ti and M-TiCu),these results indicated that SLA-TiCu surface obviously enhanced the bone-related gene expressions(alkaline phosphates(ALP),collagen typeⅠ(COLⅠ),Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUN x 2),and osteopontin(OPN)).Moreover,SLA-TiCu surface could maintain a sustainable release of Cu2+ions and effectively inhibited the viability of bacteria.This study demonstrated that SLA-TiCu surface possessed multifunctional characteristics of improved osteogenic ability and antibacterial activity,making it promising as a novel implant material for hard tissue repairs such as orthopedics and dental implants.展开更多
Ti-bearing slag(TiO2>20 wt%)is a valuable titanium secondary resource.The extraction of titanium from the slag is difficult due to the complex composition and structure.Although molten oxide electrolysis is conside...Ti-bearing slag(TiO2>20 wt%)is a valuable titanium secondary resource.The extraction of titanium from the slag is difficult due to the complex composition and structure.Although molten oxide electrolysis is considered as a promising method,silicon will be preferentially electroreduced compared to titanium due to low theoretical decomposition voltage.In this work,a liquid copper cathode is used to selectively extract titanium from molten Al2O3-MgO-CaO-TiO2-SiO2 electrolyte.It is found that comparing to silicon,titanium can be preferentially reduced by one-step electron transfer due to the enhanced depolarization effect on a liquid copper cathode.So,Ti-Cu alloys are firstly obtained from molten Ti-bearing slag,and then Ti-Si alloys are co-electrodeposited in the molten oxide electrolyte with low TiO2 content.It may be ascribed to the larger binding force between titanium and copper than that between silicon and copper.It provides an effective strategy for the separation of titanium from of Ti-bearing slag.展开更多
Thin films of copper titanium oxide were deposited by metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique from the synthesized single solid source precursor, copper titanium acetylacatonate Cu [Ti(C5H7O2)3] at the depo...Thin films of copper titanium oxide were deposited by metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique from the synthesized single solid source precursor, copper titanium acetylacatonate Cu [Ti(C5H7O2)3] at the deposition temperature of 420°C. The deposited films were characterized using Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray facility attached to it, X-Ray Diffractometry, UV-Visible Spectrometry and van-der Pauw Conductivity measurement. Results show that the thickness of the prepared film is determined as 101.236 nm and the film is amorphous in structure, having average grain size of approximately 1 μm. The optical behaviour showed that the absorption edge of the film was at 918 nm near infrared with corresponding direct energy band gap of 1.35 eV. The electrical characterization of the film gave the values of resistivity, sheet resistance and conductivity of the film as 3.43 × 10-1 Ω-cm, 3.39 × 106 Ω/square and 2.91 (Ω-cm)-1 respectively.展开更多
Milled form of mesophase pitch-based graphite fibers were coated with a titanium layer using chemical vapor deposition technique and Ti-coated graphite fiber/Cu composites were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering. Th...Milled form of mesophase pitch-based graphite fibers were coated with a titanium layer using chemical vapor deposition technique and Ti-coated graphite fiber/Cu composites were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering. The composites were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopies, and by mea- suring thermal properties, including thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE）. The results show that the milled fibers are preferentially oriented in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction, leading to anisotropic thermal properties of the composites. The Ti coating reacted with graphite fiber and formed a continuous and uniform TiC layer. This carbide layer establishes a good metallurgical interracial bonding in the composites, which can improve the thermal properties effectively. When the fiber content ranges from 35 vol% to 50 vol%, the in-plane thermal conductivities of the composites increase from 383 to 407 W.（m.K）-~, and the in-plane CTEs decrease from 9.5 x 10-6 to 6.3 10-6 K-1.展开更多
The basic principle of friction welding is intermetallic bonding at the stage of super plasticity attained with self-generating heat due to friction and finishing at upset pressure. Now the dissimilar metal joints are...The basic principle of friction welding is intermetallic bonding at the stage of super plasticity attained with self-generating heat due to friction and finishing at upset pressure. Now the dissimilar metal joints are especially popular in defense, aerospace, automobile, bio-medical,refinery and nuclear engineerings. In friction welding, some special alloys with dual phase are not joined successfully due to poor bonding strength. The alloy surfaces after bonding also have metallurgical changes in the line of interfacing. The reported research work in this area is scanty. Although the sound weld zone of direct bonding between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L was obtained though many trials, the joint was not successful. In this paper, the friction welding characteristics between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L into which pure oxygen free copper(OFC) was introduced as interlayer were investigated. Boxe Behnken design was used to minimize the number of experiments to be performed. The weld joint was analyzed for its mechanical strength. The highest tensile strength between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L between which pure copper was used as insert metal was acquired. Micro-structural analysis and elemental analysis were carried out by EDS, and the formation of intermetallic compound at the interface was identified by XRD analysis.展开更多
Recently we have reported a number of bulk glass forming compositions in the CuHf-Ti system,with the critical thickness for complete glass formation,dc,ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm.In order to improve the glass forming a...Recently we have reported a number of bulk glass forming compositions in the CuHf-Ti system,with the critical thickness for complete glass formation,dc,ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm.In order to improve the glass forming ability （GFA） getting even larger dc,the prevailing approach is to use complex multicomponent systems.This strategy has been investigated by us for the Cu-Hf-Ti bulk glass forming alloy Cu55Hf25Ti20 using 〉1 at.pct additions of B,Y,Nb,Ta,Al,Mn,Si or V but with no significant improvement in the GFA.Clearly,it is necessary,in order to utilise the full potential of the base ternary system,to identify the best glass-forming compositions as a basis for extending the search into multi-dimensional compositional space.Thus,CuxHfyTiz alloys,where x=（40-70） at.pct,y=（5-30） at.pct,and z=（10-36） at.pct,were prepared by melt spinning andcopper mould suction-casting.The composition dependence of the GFA for the Cu-Hf-Ti alloys,as measured by dc for rod and ribbon samples,is reported over the composition range given above.展开更多
To reduce the risk of implant-associated infections,we previously designed and developed a series of medical copper(Cu)-bearing titanium alloys that release Cu ions and hence play an antibacterial role.However,both ex...To reduce the risk of implant-associated infections,we previously designed and developed a series of medical copper(Cu)-bearing titanium alloys that release Cu ions and hence play an antibacterial role.However,both excessive and deficient Cu levels adversely affect human health;therefore,the aim of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate the short-and long-term biosafety of Cu-bearing titanium alloys(Ti6 Al4V-Cu and Ti-Cu)both in vitro and in vivo.Moreover,the predominant kinetic mechanism of Cu ions release and its effect on biosafety were also investigated.The results indicate that the biocompatibility of the Cu-bearing titanium alloys meets the requirements of ISO standards and the Cu ion release kinetics display a good correlation over the entire time period in the normal zero-order model with an almost constant release rate.The release rate maintained at a parts per billion level safe for humans;consequently,we can conclude that our Cu-bearing titanium alloys have satisfactory biocompatibility.展开更多
Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with a copper sheet as interlayer was carried out.Microstructures of the joint were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy...Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with a copper sheet as interlayer was carried out.Microstructures of the joint were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).In addition,the mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated by tensile test and the microhardness was measured.These two alloys were successfully welded by adding copper transition layer into the weld.Solid solution with a certain thickness was located at the interfaces between weld and base metal in both sides.Regions inside the weld and near the stainless steel were characterized by solid solution of copper with TiFe2 intermetallics dispersedly distributed in it.While weld near titanium alloy contained Ti-Cu and Ti-Fe-Cu intermetallics layer,in which the hardness of weld came to the highest value.Brittle fracture occurred in the intermetallics layer when the joint was stretched.展开更多
The microorganism-rich nature of the ocean imposes great challenges to the structural integrity of met-als over their service lifespan,including titanium(Ti)alloys,which are usually prone to microbiologically influenc...The microorganism-rich nature of the ocean imposes great challenges to the structural integrity of met-als over their service lifespan,including titanium(Ti)alloys,which are usually prone to microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC).So,multifunctional anti-MIC Ti alloys need to be developed and studied.This paper investigates the effect of copper(Cu)concentration on the MIC resistance of a series of additively manufactured,ultrafine-grained Ti-x Cu(x=3.5,6.5 and 8.5 in wt.%)alloys.The dependence of the cor-rosion resistance and MIC resistance on the Cu concentration of Ti-Cu alloy is interpreted considering all conceivable mechanisms.The mechanisms for excellent corrosion resistance of Ti-Cu alloy in seawater are attributed to the strong passive film and small surface potential difference between phases.Microstruc-tural characterization reveals that uniformly distributed,nanosized Ti_(2) Cu phase led to increased reactive oxygen species in the bacterial membrane,which is the root reason for the superb anti-bacterial property(99.2%)for Ti-8.5Cu.Compared to pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V,Ti-8.5Cu alloy features both high strength(yield stress>1000 MPa)and the best MIC resistance(97.5%).The combination of such balanced properties enables this functional 3D printed Ti-Cu alloy to become an ideal material for load-bearing applications in the marine environment.展开更多
We report on the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated with poly-thiophene for the preconcentration of copper and silverions. The NPs were prepared by first modifying the surface of TiO2 NPs with vinyl gr...We report on the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated with poly-thiophene for the preconcentration of copper and silverions. The NPs were prepared by first modifying the surface of TiO2 NPs with vinyl groups and then copolymerizing them with vinyl thiophen. The resulting TiO2-polythiophene core-shell NPs were characterized by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The experimental conditions such as pH value, adsorption and desorption time, type, concentration and volume of the eluent, break through volume, and effect of potentially interfering ions were optimized. The ions were then desorbed with hydrochloric acid and determined by FAAS. The limits of detection are 0.4 and 1.2 μg·L_1 for Cu(II) and Ag(I), respectively, and recoveries and precisions are >98.0%展开更多
Copper element was added in pure titanium to produce a new biomedical titanium-copper alloy by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Addition of copper can eliminate the mismatch of high strength but poor duc-tility problem c...Copper element was added in pure titanium to produce a new biomedical titanium-copper alloy by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Addition of copper can eliminate the mismatch of high strength but poor duc-tility problem caused by lathα’martensite,which is the usual microstructure of nearαtitanium alloy fabricated by LPBF.Instead of by the usual trade-offrelationship between strength and ductility,which is a long-standing challenge for martensitic titanium alloys,in this study,we proposed a boundary engineer-ing strategy and aim to synergistically enhance the strength and ductility of martensitic titanium alloy fabricated by LPBF.It is hypothesized that whilst both low-angle and high-angle grain boundaries are beneficial to the strength,high-angle grain boundary can simultaneously improve the ductility of materi-als.To test this strategy,a Ti-5Cu(wt.%)alloy is selected to compare against pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V at the same laser processing conditions.EBSD,TEM and XRD analysis show that the as-fabricated LPBF Ti-5Cu alloy is comprised of partially tempered martensite with extraordinarily high number density of both high-angle and low-angle grain boundaries as well as low dislocation density.Such microstructure enables a high tensile strength of 940-1020 MPa,which is at a similar level as LPBF Ti-6Al-4V,and an excellent elongation of 13%-16%,twice as much as that of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V.The mechanism of microstruc-ture refinement in LPBF Ti-5Cu at different levels from prior-βgrains,martensitic packets,blocks to laths is also discussed.展开更多
Copper was diffused on the surface of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by ion implantation, magnetron sputtering and double glow discharge plasma surface alloying technology respectively to form an alloy layer on the surface of...Copper was diffused on the surface of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by ion implantation, magnetron sputtering and double glow discharge plasma surface alloying technology respectively to form an alloy layer on the surface of titanium alloy in order to improve the burn-resistance performance of titanium alloy. The result of X-Ray Diffraction shows that the phase of CuTi2 which can improve the burn-resistance performance can be found on the surface of the samples treated by the above three methods. And femtosecond laser ablation experiments show that the burn-resistance property of the titanium alloy can be enhanced by ion implantation, but the alloyed layer is too thin to be applied in practice; both of alloy layer and film can be formed on the surface of titanium alloy by magnetron sputtering, the alloy layer takes evident effect on the burn-resistance properties of titanium alloy while the film has no effect on the burn-resistant properties; alloy layer with Cu can be found on the surface of titanium alloy by the double glow plasma surface alloying technology with the source of pure copper, and its effect on burn-resistance properties of the titanium alloy is evident as the scar area by the laser burning experiment has been reduced heavily.展开更多
Presence of external electrical field plays a vital role in heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena. Keeping this in view present article is a numerical investigation of stagnation point flow of water based nanoparticl...Presence of external electrical field plays a vital role in heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena. Keeping this in view present article is a numerical investigation of stagnation point flow of water based nanoparticles suspended fluid under the influence of induced magnetic field. A detailed comparative analysis has been performed by considering Copper and Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Utilization of similarity analysis leads to a simplified system of coupled nonlinear differential equations, which has been tackled numerically by means of shooting technique followed by Runge-Kutta of order 5. The solutions are computed correct up to 6 decimal places. Influence of pertinent parameters is examined for fluid flow, induced magnetic field, and temperature profile. One of the key findings includes that magnetic parameter plays a vital role in directing fluid flow and lowering temperature profile. Moreover, it is concluded that Cu-water based nanofluid high thermal conductivity contributes in enhancing heat transfer efficiently.展开更多
Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is...Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.展开更多
Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central ne...Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.展开更多
The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays a...The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.展开更多
基金financial support from the Yunnan Province Key Industries Science and Technology Special Project for Colleges and UniversitiesChina(No.FWCY-QYCT2024006)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104351 and 52364051)Science and Technology Major Project of Yunnan Province,China(No.202202AG050007)the Yunnan Fundamental Research ProjectsChina(No.202401AT070314)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2023CXGC010903)Central Guidance Local Scientific and Technological Development Funds,China(No.202407AB110022)Yunnan Province Xingdian Talent Support Plan Project,China。
文摘Titanium exhibits outstanding properties,particularly,high specific strength and resistance to both high and low temperatures,earning it a reputation as the metal of the future.However,because of the highly reactive nature of titanium,metallic titanium production involves extensive procedures and high costs.Considering its advantages and limitations,the European Union has classified titanium metal as a critical raw material(CRM)of low category.The Kroll process is predominantly used to produce titanium;however,molten salt electrolysis(MSE)is currently being explored for producing metallic titanium at a low cost.Since 2000,electrolytic titanium production has undergone a wave of technological advancements.However,because of the intermediate and disproportionation reactions in the electrolytic titanium production process,the process efficiency and titanium purity according to industrial standards could not be achieved.Consequently,metallic titanium production has gradually diversified into employing technologies such as thermal reduction,MSE,and titanium alloy preparation.This study provides a comprehensive review of research advances in titanium metal preparation technologies over the past two decades,highlighting the challenges faced by the existing methods and proposing potential solutions.It offers useful insights into the development of low-cost titanium preparation technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374259)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Science and Technology,China(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-11)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province,China(No.202302 AF080004)。
文摘It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175414)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20220134)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.NE2023002)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.KYCX24_0559)。
文摘During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this paper,the electrochemical dissolution behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V(TA15)titanium alloy at without particle impact,low(15°)and high(90°)angle particle impact was investigated,and the influence of Al_(2)O_(3)particles on ECM was systematically expounded.It was found that under the condition of no particle erosion,the surface of electrochemically processed titanium alloy had serious pitting corrosion due to the influence of the passivation film,and the surface roughness(Sa)of the local area reached 10.088μm.Under the condition of a high-impact angle(90°),due to the existence of strain hardening and particle embedding,only the edge of the surface is dissolved,while the central area is almost insoluble,with the surface roughness(S_(a))reaching 16.086μm.On the contrary,under the condition of a low-impact angle(15°),the machining efficiency and surface quality of the material were significantly improved due to the ploughing effect and galvanic corrosion,and the surface roughness(S_(a))reached 2.823μm.Based on these findings,the electrochemical dissolution model of TA15 titanium alloy under different particle erosion conditions was established.
基金financially supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (973 Program, Grant No.2013CB632606-1)
文摘To investigate the electrodeposition mechanism of Ti^4＋, electrochemistry experiments were conducted using a KF-KCl-K2Ti6O13 molten salt at a Cu electrode at 950 ℃. Transient electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry（CV） and square-wave voltammetry were used in this study. The main phases and compositions of the product were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and energy-dispersive spectrometry（EDS）. The resulting product has the structure of metallic Ti. The results indicate that Ti^4＋ is reduced to metallic Ti by a two-step mechanism, corresponding to the reduction pathway： Ti^4＋→ Ti^2＋→ Ti. Moreover, Cu-Ti alloy could be obtained by the potentiostatic electrolysis at a Cu electrode.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1106601,2016YFC1100601)Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807069)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation(No.51631009,31870954)Key Projects for Foreign Cooperation of Bureau of International Cooperation Chinese Academy of Sciences(174321KYSB2018000)。
文摘Implant-related infection and early bone integration are the main risk factors of implants for long-term service,to overcome these difficulties,SLA-TiCu surface was prepared by sandblasting and large-grits etching(SLA)treatment on a novel antibacterial titanium-copper alloy(TiCu),which is the most prevalent surface treatment with micro/submicron hierarchical structures to titanium-based implants.Effects of SLA-TiCu surface on the adhesion,proliferation,apoptosis and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as the antibacterial activity against a common orthopedic pathogen(Staphylococcus aureus)were studied.Compared to the following surfaces:sandblasting and large-grits etched pure titanium(SLATi),mechanically ground pure titanium and TiCu alloy(M-Ti and M-TiCu),these results indicated that SLA-TiCu surface obviously enhanced the bone-related gene expressions(alkaline phosphates(ALP),collagen typeⅠ(COLⅠ),Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUN x 2),and osteopontin(OPN)).Moreover,SLA-TiCu surface could maintain a sustainable release of Cu2+ions and effectively inhibited the viability of bacteria.This study demonstrated that SLA-TiCu surface possessed multifunctional characteristics of improved osteogenic ability and antibacterial activity,making it promising as a novel implant material for hard tissue repairs such as orthopedics and dental implants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51725401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-18-010B1).
文摘Ti-bearing slag(TiO2>20 wt%)is a valuable titanium secondary resource.The extraction of titanium from the slag is difficult due to the complex composition and structure.Although molten oxide electrolysis is considered as a promising method,silicon will be preferentially electroreduced compared to titanium due to low theoretical decomposition voltage.In this work,a liquid copper cathode is used to selectively extract titanium from molten Al2O3-MgO-CaO-TiO2-SiO2 electrolyte.It is found that comparing to silicon,titanium can be preferentially reduced by one-step electron transfer due to the enhanced depolarization effect on a liquid copper cathode.So,Ti-Cu alloys are firstly obtained from molten Ti-bearing slag,and then Ti-Si alloys are co-electrodeposited in the molten oxide electrolyte with low TiO2 content.It may be ascribed to the larger binding force between titanium and copper than that between silicon and copper.It provides an effective strategy for the separation of titanium from of Ti-bearing slag.
文摘Thin films of copper titanium oxide were deposited by metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique from the synthesized single solid source precursor, copper titanium acetylacatonate Cu [Ti(C5H7O2)3] at the deposition temperature of 420°C. The deposited films were characterized using Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray facility attached to it, X-Ray Diffractometry, UV-Visible Spectrometry and van-der Pauw Conductivity measurement. Results show that the thickness of the prepared film is determined as 101.236 nm and the film is amorphous in structure, having average grain size of approximately 1 μm. The optical behaviour showed that the absorption edge of the film was at 918 nm near infrared with corresponding direct energy band gap of 1.35 eV. The electrical characterization of the film gave the values of resistivity, sheet resistance and conductivity of the film as 3.43 × 10-1 Ω-cm, 3.39 × 106 Ω/square and 2.91 (Ω-cm)-1 respectively.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51274040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-10-003B)
文摘Milled form of mesophase pitch-based graphite fibers were coated with a titanium layer using chemical vapor deposition technique and Ti-coated graphite fiber/Cu composites were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering. The composites were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopies, and by mea- suring thermal properties, including thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE）. The results show that the milled fibers are preferentially oriented in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction, leading to anisotropic thermal properties of the composites. The Ti coating reacted with graphite fiber and formed a continuous and uniform TiC layer. This carbide layer establishes a good metallurgical interracial bonding in the composites, which can improve the thermal properties effectively. When the fiber content ranges from 35 vol% to 50 vol%, the in-plane thermal conductivities of the composites increase from 383 to 407 W.（m.K）-~, and the in-plane CTEs decrease from 9.5 x 10-6 to 6.3 10-6 K-1.
文摘The basic principle of friction welding is intermetallic bonding at the stage of super plasticity attained with self-generating heat due to friction and finishing at upset pressure. Now the dissimilar metal joints are especially popular in defense, aerospace, automobile, bio-medical,refinery and nuclear engineerings. In friction welding, some special alloys with dual phase are not joined successfully due to poor bonding strength. The alloy surfaces after bonding also have metallurgical changes in the line of interfacing. The reported research work in this area is scanty. Although the sound weld zone of direct bonding between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L was obtained though many trials, the joint was not successful. In this paper, the friction welding characteristics between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L into which pure oxygen free copper(OFC) was introduced as interlayer were investigated. Boxe Behnken design was used to minimize the number of experiments to be performed. The weld joint was analyzed for its mechanical strength. The highest tensile strength between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L between which pure copper was used as insert metal was acquired. Micro-structural analysis and elemental analysis were carried out by EDS, and the formation of intermetallic compound at the interface was identified by XRD analysis.
基金support of PAPIIT-UNAM IB100712SENER-CONACYT151496 in funding the project
文摘Recently we have reported a number of bulk glass forming compositions in the CuHf-Ti system,with the critical thickness for complete glass formation,dc,ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm.In order to improve the glass forming ability （GFA） getting even larger dc,the prevailing approach is to use complex multicomponent systems.This strategy has been investigated by us for the Cu-Hf-Ti bulk glass forming alloy Cu55Hf25Ti20 using 〉1 at.pct additions of B,Y,Nb,Ta,Al,Mn,Si or V but with no significant improvement in the GFA.Clearly,it is necessary,in order to utilise the full potential of the base ternary system,to identify the best glass-forming compositions as a basis for extending the search into multi-dimensional compositional space.Thus,CuxHfyTiz alloys,where x=（40-70） at.pct,y=（5-30） at.pct,and z=（10-36） at.pct,were prepared by melt spinning andcopper mould suction-casting.The composition dependence of the GFA for the Cu-Hf-Ti alloys,as measured by dc for rod and ribbon samples,is reported over the composition range given above.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1106600,2016YFC1100600)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807069)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.51631009,31870954,81873918)Startup Fundation for Docotors of Liaoning Province(NO.2019BS-293)。
文摘To reduce the risk of implant-associated infections,we previously designed and developed a series of medical copper(Cu)-bearing titanium alloys that release Cu ions and hence play an antibacterial role.However,both excessive and deficient Cu levels adversely affect human health;therefore,the aim of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate the short-and long-term biosafety of Cu-bearing titanium alloys(Ti6 Al4V-Cu and Ti-Cu)both in vitro and in vivo.Moreover,the predominant kinetic mechanism of Cu ions release and its effect on biosafety were also investigated.The results indicate that the biocompatibility of the Cu-bearing titanium alloys meets the requirements of ISO standards and the Cu ion release kinetics display a good correlation over the entire time period in the normal zero-order model with an almost constant release rate.The release rate maintained at a parts per billion level safe for humans;consequently,we can conclude that our Cu-bearing titanium alloys have satisfactory biocompatibility.
文摘Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with a copper sheet as interlayer was carried out.Microstructures of the joint were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).In addition,the mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated by tensile test and the microhardness was measured.These two alloys were successfully welded by adding copper transition layer into the weld.Solid solution with a certain thickness was located at the interfaces between weld and base metal in both sides.Regions inside the weld and near the stainless steel were characterized by solid solution of copper with TiFe2 intermetallics dispersedly distributed in it.While weld near titanium alloy contained Ti-Cu and Ti-Fe-Cu intermetallics layer,in which the hardness of weld came to the highest value.Brittle fracture occurred in the intermetallics layer when the joint was stretched.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2006219)the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0907300)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the Ministry of Education of China(Nos.N2102009 and N2002019)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907158).The authors acknowledge the facilities,and the scientific and techni-cal assistance of the RMIT Digital Manufacturing Facility(DMF)and the RMIT Microscopy&Microanalysis Facility(RMMF).D.Z.would like to thank the support of ARC-DECRA grant(No.DE210101503)D.Q.and M.E.appreciate the financial support of ARC Discovery grant(No.DP220101501).
文摘The microorganism-rich nature of the ocean imposes great challenges to the structural integrity of met-als over their service lifespan,including titanium(Ti)alloys,which are usually prone to microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC).So,multifunctional anti-MIC Ti alloys need to be developed and studied.This paper investigates the effect of copper(Cu)concentration on the MIC resistance of a series of additively manufactured,ultrafine-grained Ti-x Cu(x=3.5,6.5 and 8.5 in wt.%)alloys.The dependence of the cor-rosion resistance and MIC resistance on the Cu concentration of Ti-Cu alloy is interpreted considering all conceivable mechanisms.The mechanisms for excellent corrosion resistance of Ti-Cu alloy in seawater are attributed to the strong passive film and small surface potential difference between phases.Microstruc-tural characterization reveals that uniformly distributed,nanosized Ti_(2) Cu phase led to increased reactive oxygen species in the bacterial membrane,which is the root reason for the superb anti-bacterial property(99.2%)for Ti-8.5Cu.Compared to pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V,Ti-8.5Cu alloy features both high strength(yield stress>1000 MPa)and the best MIC resistance(97.5%).The combination of such balanced properties enables this functional 3D printed Ti-Cu alloy to become an ideal material for load-bearing applications in the marine environment.
文摘We report on the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated with poly-thiophene for the preconcentration of copper and silverions. The NPs were prepared by first modifying the surface of TiO2 NPs with vinyl groups and then copolymerizing them with vinyl thiophen. The resulting TiO2-polythiophene core-shell NPs were characterized by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The experimental conditions such as pH value, adsorption and desorption time, type, concentration and volume of the eluent, break through volume, and effect of potentially interfering ions were optimized. The ions were then desorbed with hydrochloric acid and determined by FAAS. The limits of detection are 0.4 and 1.2 μg·L_1 for Cu(II) and Ag(I), respectively, and recoveries and precisions are >98.0%
基金supported by the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFC1106600 and 2016YFC1100600)the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807069)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.51631009 and 31870954)the Doctoral Scientific Research Founda-tion of Liaoning Province(No.2020BS002)Bintech-IMR R&D Pro-gram(GYY-JSBU-2022-008).
文摘Copper element was added in pure titanium to produce a new biomedical titanium-copper alloy by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Addition of copper can eliminate the mismatch of high strength but poor duc-tility problem caused by lathα’martensite,which is the usual microstructure of nearαtitanium alloy fabricated by LPBF.Instead of by the usual trade-offrelationship between strength and ductility,which is a long-standing challenge for martensitic titanium alloys,in this study,we proposed a boundary engineer-ing strategy and aim to synergistically enhance the strength and ductility of martensitic titanium alloy fabricated by LPBF.It is hypothesized that whilst both low-angle and high-angle grain boundaries are beneficial to the strength,high-angle grain boundary can simultaneously improve the ductility of materi-als.To test this strategy,a Ti-5Cu(wt.%)alloy is selected to compare against pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V at the same laser processing conditions.EBSD,TEM and XRD analysis show that the as-fabricated LPBF Ti-5Cu alloy is comprised of partially tempered martensite with extraordinarily high number density of both high-angle and low-angle grain boundaries as well as low dislocation density.Such microstructure enables a high tensile strength of 940-1020 MPa,which is at a similar level as LPBF Ti-6Al-4V,and an excellent elongation of 13%-16%,twice as much as that of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V.The mechanism of microstruc-ture refinement in LPBF Ti-5Cu at different levels from prior-βgrains,martensitic packets,blocks to laths is also discussed.
文摘Copper was diffused on the surface of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by ion implantation, magnetron sputtering and double glow discharge plasma surface alloying technology respectively to form an alloy layer on the surface of titanium alloy in order to improve the burn-resistance performance of titanium alloy. The result of X-Ray Diffraction shows that the phase of CuTi2 which can improve the burn-resistance performance can be found on the surface of the samples treated by the above three methods. And femtosecond laser ablation experiments show that the burn-resistance property of the titanium alloy can be enhanced by ion implantation, but the alloyed layer is too thin to be applied in practice; both of alloy layer and film can be formed on the surface of titanium alloy by magnetron sputtering, the alloy layer takes evident effect on the burn-resistance properties of titanium alloy while the film has no effect on the burn-resistant properties; alloy layer with Cu can be found on the surface of titanium alloy by the double glow plasma surface alloying technology with the source of pure copper, and its effect on burn-resistance properties of the titanium alloy is evident as the scar area by the laser burning experiment has been reduced heavily.
文摘Presence of external electrical field plays a vital role in heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena. Keeping this in view present article is a numerical investigation of stagnation point flow of water based nanoparticles suspended fluid under the influence of induced magnetic field. A detailed comparative analysis has been performed by considering Copper and Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Utilization of similarity analysis leads to a simplified system of coupled nonlinear differential equations, which has been tackled numerically by means of shooting technique followed by Runge-Kutta of order 5. The solutions are computed correct up to 6 decimal places. Influence of pertinent parameters is examined for fluid flow, induced magnetic field, and temperature profile. One of the key findings includes that magnetic parameter plays a vital role in directing fluid flow and lowering temperature profile. Moreover, it is concluded that Cu-water based nanofluid high thermal conductivity contributes in enhancing heat transfer efficiently.
基金supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of Chino,No.82160690Colloborotive Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.2020-39Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.ZK[2021]-014(all to FZ)。
文摘Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.
文摘Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.
文摘The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.
