The U.S.administration's decision tounilaterally impose sweeping tariff increas-es on tmported goods represents a signifi-cant challenge to the existing global tradingsystem,which has long been structuredaround mu...The U.S.administration's decision tounilaterally impose sweeping tariff increas-es on tmported goods represents a signifi-cant challenge to the existing global tradingsystem,which has long been structuredaround multilateral(WTO),regional,andbilateral(FTA)trade agreements.展开更多
The United States’tariff policy implemented under the framework of“reciprocal tariffs”has aroused widespread attention in the international community,and has had complex impacts on global trade.This policy not only...The United States’tariff policy implemented under the framework of“reciprocal tariffs”has aroused widespread attention in the international community,and has had complex impacts on global trade.This policy not only has an impact on Chinese enterprises but also brings adjustments to global industrial chains,with varying perspectives from the international community.Based on an analysis of Sino-U.S.economic and trade relations,this paper structures the logic behind it and uses case studies for comparison to analyze the impact of U.S.tariff policies on Chinese companies.It explores how Chinese enterprises can respond to the negative effects of these tariffs.The study finds that in the face of U.S.tariff policies,Chinese enterprises will experience increased direct costs and forced supply chain adjustments.Therefore,the conclusion is drawn that companies need to address the impact of U.S.tariff policies through four aspects:Supply chain restructuring,market diversification,technological innovation,and compliance management.展开更多
The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integra...The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.展开更多
On April 2,the United States announced the implementation of the so-called“reciprocal tariffs”plan.Combined with factors such as the OPEC+plan to increase production starting in May,this led to a continuous plunge i...On April 2,the United States announced the implementation of the so-called“reciprocal tariffs”plan.Combined with factors such as the OPEC+plan to increase production starting in May,this led to a continuous plunge in the benchmark oil prices of WTI and Brent over the subsequent three trading days.Despite the significant impact of the United States’“reciprocal tariffs”plan on the global political and economic landscape,the fundamental dynamics of supply and demand remain the decisive factors in the fluctuations of international oil prices.The current trend of international oil price fluctuations is still primarily driven by the supply side,with both supply and demand factors playing a role.Investment,costs,and resource constraints on the supply side do not allow for a significant increase in crude oil production,while“consumption rigidity”on the demand side does not permit a significant decrease in crude oil demand.As a result,International oil prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term,but a significant decline is unlikely to be sustained in the near to medium term.In this context,Chinese oil companies should focus on four key areas to ensure the security of national oil and gas supplies:first,promoting high-quality increases in domestic oil and gas reserves and production;second,steadily strengthening the acquisition of overseas oil and gas resources;third,continuously driving innovation in oil and gas exploration and development technologies;fourth,enhancing the capacity for domestic oil and gas reserves in an orderly manner.展开更多
The US market for women's synthetic trou-sers is characterised by intense competition,with Asian countries playing a dominant role in exports.This analysis delves into the market performance of leading exporters,a...The US market for women's synthetic trou-sers is characterised by intense competition,with Asian countries playing a dominant role in exports.This analysis delves into the market performance of leading exporters,assessing key indicators such as export values,revealed comparative advantage(RCA).unit value realisation(UVR),and the effect of tariff rates.展开更多
On February 1,U.S.President Donald Trump signed an executive order imposing a 10 percent tariff on imports from China.The move aligns with his“America First”trade policy,aiming to reduce the U.S.trade deficit,bring ...On February 1,U.S.President Donald Trump signed an executive order imposing a 10 percent tariff on imports from China.The move aligns with his“America First”trade policy,aiming to reduce the U.S.trade deficit,bring manufacturing back to the U.S.,and deliver on promises he made during his presidential campaign.展开更多
The ongoing global tariff war,has left no country unscathed.China,in particular,has been significantly impacted,but it is far from alone in bearing the brunt of these trade tensions.
On April 2,U.S.President Trump slapped“reciprocal tariffs”on over 100 global trading partners,hitting nine ASEAN member states hard.Alarmingly,even the UN-designated Least Developed Countries(LDCs)were not spared.Th...On April 2,U.S.President Trump slapped“reciprocal tariffs”on over 100 global trading partners,hitting nine ASEAN member states hard.Alarmingly,even the UN-designated Least Developed Countries(LDCs)were not spared.These included Cambodia,where nearly 20 percent of the population lives below the poverty line,facing a 49 percent tariff;Laos,with a poverty rate near 20 percent,facing 48 percent;and Myanmar,which recently suffered a devastating earthquake,facing 44 percent.展开更多
After Donald Trump returned to the White House,the U.S.government launched a host of measures of“tariff wars”.In addition to announcing tariffs on goods imported to the United States from Canada,Mexico and China,the...After Donald Trump returned to the White House,the U.S.government launched a host of measures of“tariff wars”.In addition to announcing tariffs on goods imported to the United States from Canada,Mexico and China,the government also imposed trade restrictions on specific industries including steel,aluminum and copper,as well as advanced plan for“reciprocal tariffs”.Donald Trump claimed that a“tariff war”would correct trade imbalances,boost government revenue and promote the reshoring of manufacturing to the United States.By leveraging tariffs,the U.S.also attempts to achieve goals in border security,illegal immigration and fentanyl control.Undoubtedly at a central position in Trump’s second term in office,the“tariff war”will exert impacts far beyond economic and trade policies and upon the direction of China-U.S.relations.展开更多
A conventional multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer acquires single energy spectrum,but provides no information on its tendency with time.To address the limitation,we propose a scheme of time-sharing multichannel pu...A conventional multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer acquires single energy spectrum,but provides no information on its tendency with time.To address the limitation,we propose a scheme of time-sharing multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer(TSMCA).A dual-port random access memory is divided into two storage spaces,one for current energy spectrum data acquisition and another for previous energy spectrum data storage.The two tasks can be performed simultaneously,and the time-related variation tendency of energy spectrum can be obtained.A prototype system of TSMCA is designed.It performs nicely,with maximum channel number of 4096 in capacity of 2^(32)/Ch,minimal time-sharing slice of 25 ms,the differential nonlinearity of <1.5%,and the integral nonlinearity of <0.3%.展开更多
The high-speed reciprocating motion of a detaching roller limits the velocity of a cotton comber and affects the quality of comber slivers. The article has proposed a controllable time-sharing unidirectional hybrid dr...The high-speed reciprocating motion of a detaching roller limits the velocity of a cotton comber and affects the quality of comber slivers. The article has proposed a controllable time-sharing unidirectional hybrid drive mechanism after analyzing detaching roller's current numerical control drive method. The analysis focuses on the detaching roller motion required according to cotton comber's velocity and process. The double-servo motors of the mechanism consists of differential gear trains. The mechanism addresses the problem of increased servo motor power,and failure of promptly responded to the positive inversion process of mechanism driven by servo motors. A velocity calculation model of the detaching roller controllable drive mechanism will be generated by using superposition method and design of differential gear trains. The accuracy of the model will be verified using the test platform. This study has presented a reliable and practical high-speed drive mechanism and can be a reference to future studies on high-speed reciprocating motion drive.展开更多
The rapid global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and the surge of infected patients have led to the verge of exhaustion of critical care medicine resources worldwide,especially with regard to critical ca...The rapid global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and the surge of infected patients have led to the verge of exhaustion of critical care medicine resources worldwide,especially with regard to critical care staff.A holistic care model on time-sharing management for severe and critical COVID-19 patients is proposed,which includes formulation of individualized care objectives and plans,identification of care tasks in each shift and making detailed checklist,and management of quality of care.This study was conducted in the COVID-19 treatment center of Harbin,Heilongjiang Province.The data collected from the treatment center were recorded and analyzed.From the results we can deduce that it is especially suitable for non-intensive care unit(non-ICU)nurses to adapt care management mode of ICU as soon as possible and ensure the quality and efficiency of care during the epidemic.The holistic care model on time-sharing management for severe and critical cases with COVID-19 proposed based on our daily work experiences can assist in improving the quality and efficiency of care,thus reducing the mortality rate of patients in ICU.展开更多
An operating schedule of the parallel electric arc furnaces(EAFs)considering both productivity and energy related criteria is investigated.A mathematical model is established to minimize the total completion time and ...An operating schedule of the parallel electric arc furnaces(EAFs)considering both productivity and energy related criteria is investigated.A mathematical model is established to minimize the total completion time and the total electricity cost.This problem is proved to be an NP-hard problem,and an effective solution algorithm,longest processing time-genetic(LPT-gene)algorithm,is proposed.The impacts of varied processing energy consumption and electricity price on the optimal schedules are analyzed.The integrated influence of the different weight values and the variation between the peak price and the trough price on the optimal solution is studied.Computational experiments illustrate that considering the energy consumption costs in production has little influence on makespan;the computational performance of the proposed longest processing time-genetic algorithm is better than the genetic algorithm(GA)in the issue to be studied;considerable reductions in the energy consumption costs can be achieved by avoiding producing during high-energy price periods and reducing the machining energy consumption difference.The results can be a guidance for managers to improve productivity and to save energy costs under the time-of-use tariffs.展开更多
There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capaci...There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capacitor components showa continuous and stable charging and discharging state,a hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm of distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side based on multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is proposed.Firstly,a voltage stability analysis model based onmulti-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is constructed,and the multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is optimized based on Self-OrganizingMaps(SOM)algorithm to analyze the voltage stability of the cloud group end region of distributed energy storage on the grid side under the framework of credibility.According to the optimal scheduling objectives and network size,the distributed robust optimal configuration control model is solved under the framework of coordinated optimal scheduling at multiple time scales;Finally,the time series characteristics of regional power grid load and distributed generation are analyzed.According to the regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration model of“cloud”,“group”and“end”layer,the grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm is realized.The experimental results show that after applying this algorithm,the best grid side distributed energy storage configuration scheme can be determined,and the stability of grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end region layered timesharing configuration can be improved.展开更多
In order to clarify the linkage between carbon tariffs and trade development, the Pearl River Delta region of China, the area with intensive processing trade, was selected to analyze the effects of carbon tariff colle...In order to clarify the linkage between carbon tariffs and trade development, the Pearl River Delta region of China, the area with intensive processing trade, was selected to analyze the effects of carbon tariff collections on the production cost, export commodity structure, trade modes and trade terms of the export industries in the Pearl River Delta region, and measures of developing low carbon trade were proposed.展开更多
Demand side management (DSM) has been discussed and investigated widely as a strategy to also influence residential energy consumption. Flexible energy tariffs are often proposed as a possible tool of DSM. However, re...Demand side management (DSM) has been discussed and investigated widely as a strategy to also influence residential energy consumption. Flexible energy tariffs are often proposed as a possible tool of DSM. However, real-life experience with this tool is rare. It was therefore the objective of this study to investigate under more realistic conditions how consumers are able and willing to adjust their residential energy consumption under the conditions of flexible energy tariffs with and without the support of intelligent smart appliances. Sixty-seven households in Germany within an experimental design with fictive tariff model (August 11 to July 12) driven by RWE Effizienz GmbH, as the energy utility, and Miele & Cie.KG, as the appliance manufacturer, were equipped with intelligent smart meters and 41 of them also with smart appliances (washing-machine and tumble-dryer). As a first part of the experiment, the energy tariff changed per hour and day by day, depending on the forecast of the availability of renewable energy in Germany between 10 €-Cent and 40 €-Cent per kWh. Consumers could respond to this change by adjusting the operation of their energyconsuming appliances either by themselves or—with the smart appliances—by a programmed start at low tariffs. The behaviour of the 41 consumers with smart appliances and their motivation are intensively investigated and analysed during this running two year project including several questionnaires. The consumers had to fill out daily a diary about the usage of their washing-machine, tumble-dryer, dishwasher and ironing devices. These data were matched with the actual tariff. This did allow identifying if and to which extend the consumers adjust their household activities depending on availability of solar and wind energy. These data were also used to calculate the cost savings by using the flexible tariff. In comparison to the costs of the fixed tariff of 25 €-Cent per kWh savings of 25% were realised on average. The results of a first phase already show that flexible tariffs are able to influence the operation of household appliances towards a flexible demand.展开更多
Electric vehicle(EV)is an ideal solution to resolve the carbon emission issue and the fossil fuels scarcity problem in the future.However,a large number of EVs will be concentrated on charging during the valley hours ...Electric vehicle(EV)is an ideal solution to resolve the carbon emission issue and the fossil fuels scarcity problem in the future.However,a large number of EVs will be concentrated on charging during the valley hours leading to new load peaks under the guidance of static time-of-use tariff.Therefore,this paper proposes a dynamic time-of-use tariff mechanism,which redefines the peak and valley time periods according to the predicted loads using the fuzzy C-mean(FCM)clustering algorithm,and then dynamically adjusts the peak and valley tariffs according to the actual load of each time period.Based on the proposed tariff mechanism,an EV charging optimization model with the lowest cost to the users and the lowest variance of the grid-side load as the objective function is established.Then,a weight selection principle with an equal loss rate of the two objectives is proposed to transform the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective optimization problem.Finally,the EV charging load optimization model under three tariff strategies is set up and solved with the mathematical solver GROUBI.The results show that the EV charging load optimization strategy based on the dynamic time-of-use tariff can better balance the benefits between charging stations and users under different numbers and proportions of EVs connected to the grid,and can effectively reduce the grid load variance and improve the grid load curve.展开更多
Accurate control of slab temperature and heating rate is an important significance to improve product performance and reduce carbon emissions for steel rolling reheating furnace(SRRF).Firstly,a spatial temporal distri...Accurate control of slab temperature and heating rate is an important significance to improve product performance and reduce carbon emissions for steel rolling reheating furnace(SRRF).Firstly,a spatial temporal distributed-nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs correlation model(STD-NARXCM)to spatial temporal distributed-autoregressive with exogenous inputs correlation model(STD-ARXCM)in working point is established.Secondly,a new coordinated time-sharing control architecture in different time periods is proposed,which is along the length of the SRRF to improve the control performance.Thirdly,a hybrid control algorithm of expert-fuzzy is proposed to improve the dynamic of the temperature and the heating rate during time period 0 to t_(1).A hybrid control algorithm of expert-fuzzy-PID is proposed to enhance the control accuracy and the heating rate during time period t_(1) to t_(2).A hybrid control algorithm of expert-active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)is proposed to boost the anti-interference and the heating rate during time period t_(2) to t_(3).Finally,the experimental results show that the coordinated time-sharing algorithm can meet the process requirements,the maximum deviation of temperature value is 8-13.5℃.展开更多
It is learned from oversea reports that, Indonesia launched a 20% tariff on 14 mineral products including iron ore since May 6th. It is reported, in addition to Indonesia, other countries will lift tariffs or limit th...It is learned from oversea reports that, Indonesia launched a 20% tariff on 14 mineral products including iron ore since May 6th. It is reported, in addition to Indonesia, other countries will lift tariffs or limit the export of mineral resources.展开更多
China＇s tariff arrangement in the transition period after ＂entry to WTO＂ influences the process of the multilateral trade system in the world. Establishing the free trade area and customs union according to WTO/GAT...China＇s tariff arrangement in the transition period after ＂entry to WTO＂ influences the process of the multilateral trade system in the world. Establishing the free trade area and customs union according to WTO/GATS 1994 article 24, or according to authorizing the clause （Enabling Clause ） to sign the regional trade agreement between developing countries or signed the protocol of economic integration taking promoting and serving the liberalization of trade as purpose according to WTO/GATS article 5, include the regional trade agreement in the multilateral trade system frame to standardize, supervise and coordinate to China, reduce trade protectionism and improve the multilateral trade system＇s influence in the world greatly. Drawing lessons from CEPA and China the system of the manoeuvre ahead of time of overall ＂entry to WTO＂ of ASEAN Free Trade Area and arrange, accelerate multilateral regional cooperation in economy and trade, zero tariff scheme reform favors route choice.展开更多
文摘The U.S.administration's decision tounilaterally impose sweeping tariff increas-es on tmported goods represents a signifi-cant challenge to the existing global tradingsystem,which has long been structuredaround multilateral(WTO),regional,andbilateral(FTA)trade agreements.
文摘The United States’tariff policy implemented under the framework of“reciprocal tariffs”has aroused widespread attention in the international community,and has had complex impacts on global trade.This policy not only has an impact on Chinese enterprises but also brings adjustments to global industrial chains,with varying perspectives from the international community.Based on an analysis of Sino-U.S.economic and trade relations,this paper structures the logic behind it and uses case studies for comparison to analyze the impact of U.S.tariff policies on Chinese companies.It explores how Chinese enterprises can respond to the negative effects of these tariffs.The study finds that in the face of U.S.tariff policies,Chinese enterprises will experience increased direct costs and forced supply chain adjustments.Therefore,the conclusion is drawn that companies need to address the impact of U.S.tariff policies through four aspects:Supply chain restructuring,market diversification,technological innovation,and compliance management.
文摘The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.
文摘On April 2,the United States announced the implementation of the so-called“reciprocal tariffs”plan.Combined with factors such as the OPEC+plan to increase production starting in May,this led to a continuous plunge in the benchmark oil prices of WTI and Brent over the subsequent three trading days.Despite the significant impact of the United States’“reciprocal tariffs”plan on the global political and economic landscape,the fundamental dynamics of supply and demand remain the decisive factors in the fluctuations of international oil prices.The current trend of international oil price fluctuations is still primarily driven by the supply side,with both supply and demand factors playing a role.Investment,costs,and resource constraints on the supply side do not allow for a significant increase in crude oil production,while“consumption rigidity”on the demand side does not permit a significant decrease in crude oil demand.As a result,International oil prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term,but a significant decline is unlikely to be sustained in the near to medium term.In this context,Chinese oil companies should focus on four key areas to ensure the security of national oil and gas supplies:first,promoting high-quality increases in domestic oil and gas reserves and production;second,steadily strengthening the acquisition of overseas oil and gas resources;third,continuously driving innovation in oil and gas exploration and development technologies;fourth,enhancing the capacity for domestic oil and gas reserves in an orderly manner.
文摘The US market for women's synthetic trou-sers is characterised by intense competition,with Asian countries playing a dominant role in exports.This analysis delves into the market performance of leading exporters,assessing key indicators such as export values,revealed comparative advantage(RCA).unit value realisation(UVR),and the effect of tariff rates.
文摘On February 1,U.S.President Donald Trump signed an executive order imposing a 10 percent tariff on imports from China.The move aligns with his“America First”trade policy,aiming to reduce the U.S.trade deficit,bring manufacturing back to the U.S.,and deliver on promises he made during his presidential campaign.
文摘The ongoing global tariff war,has left no country unscathed.China,in particular,has been significantly impacted,but it is far from alone in bearing the brunt of these trade tensions.
文摘On April 2,U.S.President Trump slapped“reciprocal tariffs”on over 100 global trading partners,hitting nine ASEAN member states hard.Alarmingly,even the UN-designated Least Developed Countries(LDCs)were not spared.These included Cambodia,where nearly 20 percent of the population lives below the poverty line,facing a 49 percent tariff;Laos,with a poverty rate near 20 percent,facing 48 percent;and Myanmar,which recently suffered a devastating earthquake,facing 44 percent.
文摘After Donald Trump returned to the White House,the U.S.government launched a host of measures of“tariff wars”.In addition to announcing tariffs on goods imported to the United States from Canada,Mexico and China,the government also imposed trade restrictions on specific industries including steel,aluminum and copper,as well as advanced plan for“reciprocal tariffs”.Donald Trump claimed that a“tariff war”would correct trade imbalances,boost government revenue and promote the reshoring of manufacturing to the United States.By leveraging tariffs,the U.S.also attempts to achieve goals in border security,illegal immigration and fentanyl control.Undoubtedly at a central position in Trump’s second term in office,the“tariff war”will exert impacts far beyond economic and trade policies and upon the direction of China-U.S.relations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11375195,11375263,and 11105143)the project of National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Development Research(No.2013GB104003)
文摘A conventional multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer acquires single energy spectrum,but provides no information on its tendency with time.To address the limitation,we propose a scheme of time-sharing multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer(TSMCA).A dual-port random access memory is divided into two storage spaces,one for current energy spectrum data acquisition and another for previous energy spectrum data storage.The two tasks can be performed simultaneously,and the time-related variation tendency of energy spectrum can be obtained.A prototype system of TSMCA is designed.It performs nicely,with maximum channel number of 4096 in capacity of 2^(32)/Ch,minimal time-sharing slice of 25 ms,the differential nonlinearity of <1.5%,and the integral nonlinearity of <0.3%.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB334711)the Applied Basic Research of China National Textile and Apparel Council (Textile Vision Science and Education Fund of China in 2012)
文摘The high-speed reciprocating motion of a detaching roller limits the velocity of a cotton comber and affects the quality of comber slivers. The article has proposed a controllable time-sharing unidirectional hybrid drive mechanism after analyzing detaching roller's current numerical control drive method. The analysis focuses on the detaching roller motion required according to cotton comber's velocity and process. The double-servo motors of the mechanism consists of differential gear trains. The mechanism addresses the problem of increased servo motor power,and failure of promptly responded to the positive inversion process of mechanism driven by servo motors. A velocity calculation model of the detaching roller controllable drive mechanism will be generated by using superposition method and design of differential gear trains. The accuracy of the model will be verified using the test platform. This study has presented a reliable and practical high-speed drive mechanism and can be a reference to future studies on high-speed reciprocating motion drive.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770276and Nn10 Program of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Scientific Research Project of Heilongjiang Health and Family Planning Commission,No.2018086.
文摘The rapid global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and the surge of infected patients have led to the verge of exhaustion of critical care medicine resources worldwide,especially with regard to critical care staff.A holistic care model on time-sharing management for severe and critical COVID-19 patients is proposed,which includes formulation of individualized care objectives and plans,identification of care tasks in each shift and making detailed checklist,and management of quality of care.This study was conducted in the COVID-19 treatment center of Harbin,Heilongjiang Province.The data collected from the treatment center were recorded and analyzed.From the results we can deduce that it is especially suitable for non-intensive care unit(non-ICU)nurses to adapt care management mode of ICU as soon as possible and ensure the quality and efficiency of care during the epidemic.The holistic care model on time-sharing management for severe and critical cases with COVID-19 proposed based on our daily work experiences can assist in improving the quality and efficiency of care,thus reducing the mortality rate of patients in ICU.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71271054,71571042,71501046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2242015S32023)the Scientific Research Innovation Project for College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXZZ12_0133)
文摘An operating schedule of the parallel electric arc furnaces(EAFs)considering both productivity and energy related criteria is investigated.A mathematical model is established to minimize the total completion time and the total electricity cost.This problem is proved to be an NP-hard problem,and an effective solution algorithm,longest processing time-genetic(LPT-gene)algorithm,is proposed.The impacts of varied processing energy consumption and electricity price on the optimal schedules are analyzed.The integrated influence of the different weight values and the variation between the peak price and the trough price on the optimal solution is studied.Computational experiments illustrate that considering the energy consumption costs in production has little influence on makespan;the computational performance of the proposed longest processing time-genetic algorithm is better than the genetic algorithm(GA)in the issue to be studied;considerable reductions in the energy consumption costs can be achieved by avoiding producing during high-energy price periods and reducing the machining energy consumption difference.The results can be a guidance for managers to improve productivity and to save energy costs under the time-of-use tariffs.
基金supported by State Grid Corporation Limited Science and Technology Project Funding(Contract No.SGCQSQ00YJJS2200380).
文摘There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capacitor components showa continuous and stable charging and discharging state,a hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm of distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side based on multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is proposed.Firstly,a voltage stability analysis model based onmulti-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is constructed,and the multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is optimized based on Self-OrganizingMaps(SOM)algorithm to analyze the voltage stability of the cloud group end region of distributed energy storage on the grid side under the framework of credibility.According to the optimal scheduling objectives and network size,the distributed robust optimal configuration control model is solved under the framework of coordinated optimal scheduling at multiple time scales;Finally,the time series characteristics of regional power grid load and distributed generation are analyzed.According to the regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration model of“cloud”,“group”and“end”layer,the grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm is realized.The experimental results show that after applying this algorithm,the best grid side distributed energy storage configuration scheme can be determined,and the stability of grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end region layered timesharing configuration can be improved.
文摘In order to clarify the linkage between carbon tariffs and trade development, the Pearl River Delta region of China, the area with intensive processing trade, was selected to analyze the effects of carbon tariff collections on the production cost, export commodity structure, trade modes and trade terms of the export industries in the Pearl River Delta region, and measures of developing low carbon trade were proposed.
文摘Demand side management (DSM) has been discussed and investigated widely as a strategy to also influence residential energy consumption. Flexible energy tariffs are often proposed as a possible tool of DSM. However, real-life experience with this tool is rare. It was therefore the objective of this study to investigate under more realistic conditions how consumers are able and willing to adjust their residential energy consumption under the conditions of flexible energy tariffs with and without the support of intelligent smart appliances. Sixty-seven households in Germany within an experimental design with fictive tariff model (August 11 to July 12) driven by RWE Effizienz GmbH, as the energy utility, and Miele & Cie.KG, as the appliance manufacturer, were equipped with intelligent smart meters and 41 of them also with smart appliances (washing-machine and tumble-dryer). As a first part of the experiment, the energy tariff changed per hour and day by day, depending on the forecast of the availability of renewable energy in Germany between 10 €-Cent and 40 €-Cent per kWh. Consumers could respond to this change by adjusting the operation of their energyconsuming appliances either by themselves or—with the smart appliances—by a programmed start at low tariffs. The behaviour of the 41 consumers with smart appliances and their motivation are intensively investigated and analysed during this running two year project including several questionnaires. The consumers had to fill out daily a diary about the usage of their washing-machine, tumble-dryer, dishwasher and ironing devices. These data were matched with the actual tariff. This did allow identifying if and to which extend the consumers adjust their household activities depending on availability of solar and wind energy. These data were also used to calculate the cost savings by using the flexible tariff. In comparison to the costs of the fixed tariff of 25 €-Cent per kWh savings of 25% were realised on average. The results of a first phase already show that flexible tariffs are able to influence the operation of household appliances towards a flexible demand.
基金Key R&D Program of Tianjin,China(No.20YFYSGX00060).
文摘Electric vehicle(EV)is an ideal solution to resolve the carbon emission issue and the fossil fuels scarcity problem in the future.However,a large number of EVs will be concentrated on charging during the valley hours leading to new load peaks under the guidance of static time-of-use tariff.Therefore,this paper proposes a dynamic time-of-use tariff mechanism,which redefines the peak and valley time periods according to the predicted loads using the fuzzy C-mean(FCM)clustering algorithm,and then dynamically adjusts the peak and valley tariffs according to the actual load of each time period.Based on the proposed tariff mechanism,an EV charging optimization model with the lowest cost to the users and the lowest variance of the grid-side load as the objective function is established.Then,a weight selection principle with an equal loss rate of the two objectives is proposed to transform the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective optimization problem.Finally,the EV charging load optimization model under three tariff strategies is set up and solved with the mathematical solver GROUBI.The results show that the EV charging load optimization strategy based on the dynamic time-of-use tariff can better balance the benefits between charging stations and users under different numbers and proportions of EVs connected to the grid,and can effectively reduce the grid load variance and improve the grid load curve.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62173032 and 62003038).
文摘Accurate control of slab temperature and heating rate is an important significance to improve product performance and reduce carbon emissions for steel rolling reheating furnace(SRRF).Firstly,a spatial temporal distributed-nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs correlation model(STD-NARXCM)to spatial temporal distributed-autoregressive with exogenous inputs correlation model(STD-ARXCM)in working point is established.Secondly,a new coordinated time-sharing control architecture in different time periods is proposed,which is along the length of the SRRF to improve the control performance.Thirdly,a hybrid control algorithm of expert-fuzzy is proposed to improve the dynamic of the temperature and the heating rate during time period 0 to t_(1).A hybrid control algorithm of expert-fuzzy-PID is proposed to enhance the control accuracy and the heating rate during time period t_(1) to t_(2).A hybrid control algorithm of expert-active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)is proposed to boost the anti-interference and the heating rate during time period t_(2) to t_(3).Finally,the experimental results show that the coordinated time-sharing algorithm can meet the process requirements,the maximum deviation of temperature value is 8-13.5℃.
文摘It is learned from oversea reports that, Indonesia launched a 20% tariff on 14 mineral products including iron ore since May 6th. It is reported, in addition to Indonesia, other countries will lift tariffs or limit the export of mineral resources.
文摘China＇s tariff arrangement in the transition period after ＂entry to WTO＂ influences the process of the multilateral trade system in the world. Establishing the free trade area and customs union according to WTO/GATS 1994 article 24, or according to authorizing the clause （Enabling Clause ） to sign the regional trade agreement between developing countries or signed the protocol of economic integration taking promoting and serving the liberalization of trade as purpose according to WTO/GATS article 5, include the regional trade agreement in the multilateral trade system frame to standardize, supervise and coordinate to China, reduce trade protectionism and improve the multilateral trade system＇s influence in the world greatly. Drawing lessons from CEPA and China the system of the manoeuvre ahead of time of overall ＂entry to WTO＂ of ASEAN Free Trade Area and arrange, accelerate multilateral regional cooperation in economy and trade, zero tariff scheme reform favors route choice.
