Intermittent fasting is a novel dietary intervention that has been demonstrated to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and reduce complications.Time-restricted eating is a specific form of intermittent fasting.It u...Intermittent fasting is a novel dietary intervention that has been demonstrated to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and reduce complications.Time-restricted eating is a specific form of intermittent fasting.It usually restricts only the daily eating window and not the amount of calories consumed.In addition to providing a means for weight management and improving metabolism like other intermittent fasting methods,time-restricted eating also synchronizes circadian rhythms and affects autophagy levels,which has potential antiaging effects.Some studies have shown that time-restricted eating can prevent tumorigenesis and slow tumor progression.Moreover,because of its simplicity and mild adverse effects,time-restricted eating is safe and has a high rate of compliance.It may be used an adjuvant therapy and may be part of a healthy lifestyle suitable for long term by cancer patients or those at high risk of developing specific cancers.This article expounds on the potential impact of time-restricted eating on the prevention and treatment of cancer,as well as the potential mechanism(s)of action.There are 3 main aspects considered to be impacted by time-restricted eating:improving obesity and metabolic disorders,synchronizing the circadian rhythm,and upregulating autophagy.We herein present the current research progress related to the effects of time-restricted eating on malignant tumors.The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis and direction for future research to explore the potential of time-restricted eating as a nutritional intervention to prevent the occurrence of cancer and as a treatment or adjuvant therapy for cancer.We believe that this approach may be conducive to improving the nutritional status of cancer patients and improving their prognosis and quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating(TRE)is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day.Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory.Hetero...BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating(TRE)is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day.Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory.Heterogeneity in subjects and TRE interventions have led to inconsistency in results.Furthermore,the impact of the duration of eating/fasting in the TRE approach has yet to be fully explored.AIM To analyze the existing literature on the effects of TRE with different eating durations on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health markers in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.METHODS We reviewed a series of prominent scientific databases,including Medline,Scopus,Web of Science,Academic Search Complete,and Cochrane Library articles to identify published clinical trials on daily TRE in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.Randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials(RoB-2).Outcomes of interest include body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,fasting glucose,insulin,HbA1c,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),lipid profiles,C-reactive protein,blood pressure,and heart rate.RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in our systematic review.TRE significantly reduces body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,blood glucose,insulin,and triglyceride.However,no significant changes were observed in HbA1c,HOMA-IR,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,heart rate,systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Furthermore,subgroup analyses based on the duration of the eating window revealed significant variation in the effects of TRE intervention depending on the length of the eating window.CONCLUSION TRE is a promising chrononutrition-based dietary approach for improving anthropometric and cardiometabolic health.However,further clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal eating duration in TRE intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Obesity and obesity-related diseases is increasing worldwide.The widely accepted approach in the dietary treatment of obesity is the calorie-restricted six meal diet;however,alternative appro...Background and Objectives:Obesity and obesity-related diseases is increasing worldwide.The widely accepted approach in the dietary treatment of obesity is the calorie-restricted six meal diet;however,alternative approaches are needed.This study aimed to compare time-restricted eating(TRE),a method that can be easily conveyed and applied in over-coming obesity,to six meals diet.Methods and Study Design:A total of 174 participants aged 18-65,BMI>25 kg/m2 were included,with 88 participants in the time-restricted eating group and 86 participants in the six-meal group.Diet lists with similar calorie,macro counts suitable for their respective groups were pre pared.Anthropometric measurements,blood pressure,blood tests were analyzed before the study and at the end of the 8-week.Results:More weight loss[MD:1.17 kg,(95%CI:0.23-2.06),Cohen’s d=0.42],higher decrease in BMI[MD:0.41 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.77 to-0.06),Cohen’s d=0.39],decrease in waist-to-hip ratio[MD:0.008(95%CI:-0.016-0.000),Cohen’s d=0.35],decrease in obesity degree[MD:2.35(95%CI:-3.99 to-0.70),Co hen’s d=0.50]were observed in the time-restricted eating group(p<0.05).In the six meals group,decrease in LDL values was higher compared to the time-restricted eating group[p<0.05,MD:0.23 mmol/L(95%Cl:0.41-15.79),Cohen’s d=0.36].More participants preferred to continue TRE(p<0.001).Conclusions:TRE resulted in greater weight loss,body fat reduction,and improved metabolic parameters,proving more effective for weight management.The six-meal diet was superior for LDL reduction.Both approaches yielded positive outcomes,with TRE emerging as an alternative weight loss strategy.展开更多
Huntington’s disease(HD)is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by aggregation of the mutant huntingtin(mHTT)protein,resulting from a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene HTT.HD is characterized by ...Huntington’s disease(HD)is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by aggregation of the mutant huntingtin(mHTT)protein,resulting from a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene HTT.HD is characterized by a variety of debilitating symptoms including involuntary movements,cognitive impairment,and psychiatric disturbances.Despite considerable efforts,effective disease-modifying treatments for HD remain elusive,necessitating exploration of novel therapeutic approaches,including lifestyle modifications that could delay symptom onset and disease progression.Recent studies suggest that time-restricted eating(TRE),a form of intermittent fasting involving daily caloric intake within a limited time window,may hold promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases,including HD.TRE has been shown to improve mitochondrial function,upregulate autophagy,reduce oxidative stress,regulate the sleep-wake cycle,and enhance cognitive function.In this review,we explore the potential therapeutic role of TRE in HD,focusing on its underlying physiological mechanisms.We discuss how TRE might enhance the clearance of mHTT,recover striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels,improve mitochondrial function and stress-response pathways,and synchronize circadian rhythm activity.Understanding these mechanisms is critical for the development of targeted lifestyle interventions to mitigate HD pathology and improve patient outcomes.While the potential benefits of TRE in HD animal models are encouraging,future comprehensive clinical trials will be necessary to evaluate its safety,feasibility,and efficacy in persons with HD.展开更多
Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questi...Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questionnaire data.Participating families(N=80)were recruited from two rural locations in Zambia and Kenya.Results following descriptive analysis showed that meals are typically taken as a family in a sociable context,providing opportunities to nurture children’s positive behaviours.In both communities,mothers(71.25%)were most likely to be present and typically prepared meals and provided the food.We observed a few distractions being used during mealtimes,and children finished their food with little to no conflict.Plate sharing varied across the two sites and was more common in Zambia,where we also observed more traditional practices such as eating with hands(as opposed to cutlery)and sitting on mats on the ground(as opposed to seated on chairs or sofas).Overall,our findings suggest more similarities in the cultural and social values across the two African contexts despite slight differences in mealtime practices.In particular,positive mealtime behaviours(little food refusal,lack of conflict)were common across all contexts,regardless of the extent to which traditional practices(such as plate-sharing and sitting on the floor)were used.Findings align with Family Systems theory,which states that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex,dynamic,and changing collection of parts,subsystems,and family members.展开更多
Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role ...Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.展开更多
Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.L...Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.展开更多
BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity...BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.展开更多
Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef ...Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.展开更多
Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be...Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.展开更多
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for ...BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.展开更多
Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological c...Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.展开更多
Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated b...Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated by social pressure,peer comparison,and academic stress,has been identified as a potential contributor to restrained eating behavior.However,research exploring the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating,particularly in the context of self-esteem and physical appearance perfectionism,remains limited.This study aims to investigate these relationships and design an intervention program to reduce restrained eating behaviors in female college students.Methods:Study 1 involved 617 female college students,using the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to measure key variables.We examined the relationships between physical appearance perfectionism,self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,and restrained eating.In Study 2,a 4-week group psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)was implemented with 45 students,divided into experimental,control,and placebo groups.The intervention’s effectiveness was assessed in reducing restrained eating and negative evaluation fear.Results:The study found that fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating and physical appearance perfectionism.Physical appearance perfectionism,in turn,positively predicted restrained eating and partially mediated the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating.Self-esteem moderated this mediation effect.Additionally,the ACT-based intervention significantly reduced fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating behavior in the experimental group.Conclusion:This study identifies fear of negative evaluation and physical appearance perfectionism as key predictors of restrained eating in female college students.Fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating,with physical appearance perfectionism partially mediating this relationship.The ACT-based intervention effectively reduced both fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating.These findings highlight the importance of addressing negative evaluation fear and appearance perfectionism in interventions for restrained eating.展开更多
To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure ...To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy(Wx) alleles japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108(NJ9108) and Huaidao 5(HD5) under four N rates(0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha^-1). Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates. Compared with the control(0 kg ha^-1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased. These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability. Results from rapid visco analyzer(RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha^-1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ. As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged. Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes. Notably, SSI and BEIIb were down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIb was up-regulated in HD5. Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure. In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.展开更多
Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, an...Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, and eating qualities of six kinds of rice samples planted in Heilongjiang Province were studied. Correlation analysis showed that amylose content, water absorption and expansion rate were negatively correlated with eating qualities, yet gel consistency, alkali spreading values, solid content of rice-water and fat content were positively correlated with eating qualities. Among them, eating quality had an obvious correlation with amylose content and gel consistency, but no significant correlation with protein content. The regression equation, which described the relationship of the eating quality scores and physicochemical indexes, was Y=94.439–12.711X1–23.721X2–0.701X3＋0.570X4＋186.938X5（X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 represented amylose content, water absorption, expansion rate gel, consistency and fat content）. The single factor analysis of variance showed that six kinds of rice existed significant differences in quality category.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 （indica hybrid rice） and Zhaiyeqing 8 （conventional indica rice） as materia...An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 （indica hybrid rice） and Zhaiyeqing 8 （conventional indica rice） as materials. Compared with the milled rice without chalkiness, amylose content, final viscosity, setback and consistence increased significantly, while gel consistence, peak viscosity and breakdown decreased remarkably and other RVA values did not have significant changes in the chalky rice of Gangyou 527. The differences in the above indices between the chalky and non-chalky rice was not remarkable in Zhaiyeqing 8. The crude protein content of chalky rice in Zhaiyeqing 8 was significantly lower than that of non-chalky rice, but there was no remarkable change between the chalky and non-chalky rice in Gangyou 527. Glutelin content fell significantly, and albumin, globulin, prolamine and lysine contents did not change significantly in chalky rice compared with non-chalky rice in the two varieties.展开更多
AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatie...AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROMEⅢ(n=100)or the ROMEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED treatment.The two ROME cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BMI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ2-tests.The relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ2-tests.Age,BMI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROMEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROMEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROMEⅡcohort.There were no significant differences in age,BMI,lowest ever BMI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROMEⅡand ROMEⅢcohorts.The most prevalent FGIDs using ROMEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROMEⅢcompared to ROMEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROMEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BMI were not significant predictors.The addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROMEⅢadded precision to many FGIDs.CONCLUSION:ROMEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the diagnosis of cyclic vomiting.Psychological factors appear to be more influential in ROMEⅡthan ROMEⅢ.展开更多
Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In ...Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In continuous backcross and selfcross generations, the related molecular markers with Stvobi and Wx-mq genes were utilized for genotypic detection by associated with resistance identification of rice stripe disease and agronomic traits selection. Finally, 10 improved lines with homozygous genotype Stv-b^i Stv-b^iWx-mqWx-mq were obtained from BC3F4 generation. The results of comparative analysis indicated that most characters of these lines were consistent with those of recipient parent Wuyujing 3, except for the improved resistance, appearance and eating quality. By evaluation of the comprehensive performance of them, two excellent lines K01 and K04 were selected for further experiments.展开更多
Eating disorders(ED) are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating that impairs health or psychosocial functioning.They are associated with increased rates of medical complications and mortality.Insulin omis...Eating disorders(ED) are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating that impairs health or psychosocial functioning.They are associated with increased rates of medical complications and mortality.Insulin omission is a unique purging behavior available to individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).The standard treatment regimen for T1 DM requires a major focus on food andeating patterns.Moreover,intensive insulin therapy is associated with increasing body weight.These factors,combined with the psychological burden of chronic disease management and depression,may contribute to ED.The comorbidity of ED in T1 DM patients is associated with poorer glycemic control and consequently higher rates of diabetes complications.Early recognition and adequate treatment of ED in T1 DM is essential.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870299).
文摘Intermittent fasting is a novel dietary intervention that has been demonstrated to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and reduce complications.Time-restricted eating is a specific form of intermittent fasting.It usually restricts only the daily eating window and not the amount of calories consumed.In addition to providing a means for weight management and improving metabolism like other intermittent fasting methods,time-restricted eating also synchronizes circadian rhythms and affects autophagy levels,which has potential antiaging effects.Some studies have shown that time-restricted eating can prevent tumorigenesis and slow tumor progression.Moreover,because of its simplicity and mild adverse effects,time-restricted eating is safe and has a high rate of compliance.It may be used an adjuvant therapy and may be part of a healthy lifestyle suitable for long term by cancer patients or those at high risk of developing specific cancers.This article expounds on the potential impact of time-restricted eating on the prevention and treatment of cancer,as well as the potential mechanism(s)of action.There are 3 main aspects considered to be impacted by time-restricted eating:improving obesity and metabolic disorders,synchronizing the circadian rhythm,and upregulating autophagy.We herein present the current research progress related to the effects of time-restricted eating on malignant tumors.The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis and direction for future research to explore the potential of time-restricted eating as a nutritional intervention to prevent the occurrence of cancer and as a treatment or adjuvant therapy for cancer.We believe that this approach may be conducive to improving the nutritional status of cancer patients and improving their prognosis and quality of life.
文摘BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating(TRE)is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day.Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory.Heterogeneity in subjects and TRE interventions have led to inconsistency in results.Furthermore,the impact of the duration of eating/fasting in the TRE approach has yet to be fully explored.AIM To analyze the existing literature on the effects of TRE with different eating durations on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health markers in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.METHODS We reviewed a series of prominent scientific databases,including Medline,Scopus,Web of Science,Academic Search Complete,and Cochrane Library articles to identify published clinical trials on daily TRE in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.Randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials(RoB-2).Outcomes of interest include body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,fasting glucose,insulin,HbA1c,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),lipid profiles,C-reactive protein,blood pressure,and heart rate.RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in our systematic review.TRE significantly reduces body weight,waist circumference,fat mass,lean body mass,blood glucose,insulin,and triglyceride.However,no significant changes were observed in HbA1c,HOMA-IR,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,heart rate,systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Furthermore,subgroup analyses based on the duration of the eating window revealed significant variation in the effects of TRE intervention depending on the length of the eating window.CONCLUSION TRE is a promising chrononutrition-based dietary approach for improving anthropometric and cardiometabolic health.However,further clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal eating duration in TRE intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention.
文摘Background and Objectives:Obesity and obesity-related diseases is increasing worldwide.The widely accepted approach in the dietary treatment of obesity is the calorie-restricted six meal diet;however,alternative approaches are needed.This study aimed to compare time-restricted eating(TRE),a method that can be easily conveyed and applied in over-coming obesity,to six meals diet.Methods and Study Design:A total of 174 participants aged 18-65,BMI>25 kg/m2 were included,with 88 participants in the time-restricted eating group and 86 participants in the six-meal group.Diet lists with similar calorie,macro counts suitable for their respective groups were pre pared.Anthropometric measurements,blood pressure,blood tests were analyzed before the study and at the end of the 8-week.Results:More weight loss[MD:1.17 kg,(95%CI:0.23-2.06),Cohen’s d=0.42],higher decrease in BMI[MD:0.41 kg/m2(95%CI:-0.77 to-0.06),Cohen’s d=0.39],decrease in waist-to-hip ratio[MD:0.008(95%CI:-0.016-0.000),Cohen’s d=0.35],decrease in obesity degree[MD:2.35(95%CI:-3.99 to-0.70),Co hen’s d=0.50]were observed in the time-restricted eating group(p<0.05).In the six meals group,decrease in LDL values was higher compared to the time-restricted eating group[p<0.05,MD:0.23 mmol/L(95%Cl:0.41-15.79),Cohen’s d=0.36].More participants preferred to continue TRE(p<0.001).Conclusions:TRE resulted in greater weight loss,body fat reduction,and improved metabolic parameters,proving more effective for weight management.The six-meal diet was superior for LDL reduction.Both approaches yielded positive outcomes,with TRE emerging as an alternative weight loss strategy.
基金supported by VA VISN20 Northwest PADRECC(LEN and ALH)with additional grant support from VA CSRD IK2CX00253 to LEN.
文摘Huntington’s disease(HD)is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by aggregation of the mutant huntingtin(mHTT)protein,resulting from a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene HTT.HD is characterized by a variety of debilitating symptoms including involuntary movements,cognitive impairment,and psychiatric disturbances.Despite considerable efforts,effective disease-modifying treatments for HD remain elusive,necessitating exploration of novel therapeutic approaches,including lifestyle modifications that could delay symptom onset and disease progression.Recent studies suggest that time-restricted eating(TRE),a form of intermittent fasting involving daily caloric intake within a limited time window,may hold promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases,including HD.TRE has been shown to improve mitochondrial function,upregulate autophagy,reduce oxidative stress,regulate the sleep-wake cycle,and enhance cognitive function.In this review,we explore the potential therapeutic role of TRE in HD,focusing on its underlying physiological mechanisms.We discuss how TRE might enhance the clearance of mHTT,recover striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels,improve mitochondrial function and stress-response pathways,and synchronize circadian rhythm activity.Understanding these mechanisms is critical for the development of targeted lifestyle interventions to mitigate HD pathology and improve patient outcomes.While the potential benefits of TRE in HD animal models are encouraging,future comprehensive clinical trials will be necessary to evaluate its safety,feasibility,and efficacy in persons with HD.
基金funded by UKRI Global Challenges Research Fund through the Economic and Social Research Council(grant reference:ES/T004959/1)with additional partial support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa(grant CSUR230503101533)。
文摘Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questionnaire data.Participating families(N=80)were recruited from two rural locations in Zambia and Kenya.Results following descriptive analysis showed that meals are typically taken as a family in a sociable context,providing opportunities to nurture children’s positive behaviours.In both communities,mothers(71.25%)were most likely to be present and typically prepared meals and provided the food.We observed a few distractions being used during mealtimes,and children finished their food with little to no conflict.Plate sharing varied across the two sites and was more common in Zambia,where we also observed more traditional practices such as eating with hands(as opposed to cutlery)and sitting on mats on the ground(as opposed to seated on chairs or sofas).Overall,our findings suggest more similarities in the cultural and social values across the two African contexts despite slight differences in mealtime practices.In particular,positive mealtime behaviours(little food refusal,lack of conflict)were common across all contexts,regardless of the extent to which traditional practices(such as plate-sharing and sitting on the floor)were used.Findings align with Family Systems theory,which states that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex,dynamic,and changing collection of parts,subsystems,and family members.
文摘Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20241931 and BK 20221371)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071943,32372214,and 31901444)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304)。
文摘Alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)significantly influences the cooking and eating quality of rice(Oryza sativa L.).However,the mechanisms by which AWD affects rice cooking and eating quality remain unclear.Lipid and free fatty acid contents in grains correlate positively with cooking and eating quality of rice.This study examined Yangdao 6(YD6,a conventional taste indica inbred)and Nanjing 9108(NJ9108,a superior taste japonica inbred)cultivated under conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation(AWSD)from 10 days after transplanting to maturity.The research investigated the relationship between lipid and free fatty acid biosynthesis in grains and the cooking and eating quality of rice.Compared to CI treatment,AWMD significantly enhanced the contents of lipid,total free fatty acids(TFFAs),free unsaturated fatty acids(FUFAs),linoleic acid,and oleic acid in milled rice by increasing activities of enzymes associated with lipid synthesis,while AWSD produced opposite effects.Correlation analysis revealed that elevated levels of lipid,TFFAs,FUFAs,linoleic acid,and oleic acid contribute to improved rice cooking and eating quality.The findings demonstrate that AWMD enhances cooking and eating quality of milled rice through optimization of lipid and fatty acid synthesis in rice grains.
文摘BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.
文摘Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.
文摘Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.
文摘BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2022 and 32372217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300700)the Free Exploration Program of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Sichuan Basin,China(SKL-ZY202216)。
文摘Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.
文摘Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated by social pressure,peer comparison,and academic stress,has been identified as a potential contributor to restrained eating behavior.However,research exploring the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating,particularly in the context of self-esteem and physical appearance perfectionism,remains limited.This study aims to investigate these relationships and design an intervention program to reduce restrained eating behaviors in female college students.Methods:Study 1 involved 617 female college students,using the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to measure key variables.We examined the relationships between physical appearance perfectionism,self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,and restrained eating.In Study 2,a 4-week group psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)was implemented with 45 students,divided into experimental,control,and placebo groups.The intervention’s effectiveness was assessed in reducing restrained eating and negative evaluation fear.Results:The study found that fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating and physical appearance perfectionism.Physical appearance perfectionism,in turn,positively predicted restrained eating and partially mediated the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating.Self-esteem moderated this mediation effect.Additionally,the ACT-based intervention significantly reduced fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating behavior in the experimental group.Conclusion:This study identifies fear of negative evaluation and physical appearance perfectionism as key predictors of restrained eating in female college students.Fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating,with physical appearance perfectionism partially mediating this relationship.The ACT-based intervention effectively reduced both fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating.These findings highlight the importance of addressing negative evaluation fear and appearance perfectionism in interventions for restrained eating.
基金funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M611753)the earmarked fund for Agriculture Research System of China(CARS-01-62)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2015BAD01B02)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20180302)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX[17]3009)the Project of Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan,China(HNKLTCU2018004)。
文摘To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy(Wx) alleles japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108(NJ9108) and Huaidao 5(HD5) under four N rates(0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha^-1). Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates. Compared with the control(0 kg ha^-1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased. These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability. Results from rapid visco analyzer(RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha^-1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ. As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged. Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes. Notably, SSI and BEIIb were down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIb was up-regulated in HD5. Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure. In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.
基金Supported by Program for Technological Innovation Research Team in University of Heilongjiang Province(2010td04)
文摘Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, and eating qualities of six kinds of rice samples planted in Heilongjiang Province were studied. Correlation analysis showed that amylose content, water absorption and expansion rate were negatively correlated with eating qualities, yet gel consistency, alkali spreading values, solid content of rice-water and fat content were positively correlated with eating qualities. Among them, eating quality had an obvious correlation with amylose content and gel consistency, but no significant correlation with protein content. The regression equation, which described the relationship of the eating quality scores and physicochemical indexes, was Y=94.439–12.711X1–23.721X2–0.701X3＋0.570X4＋186.938X5（X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 represented amylose content, water absorption, expansion rate gel, consistency and fat content）. The single factor analysis of variance showed that six kinds of rice existed significant differences in quality category.
文摘An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 （indica hybrid rice） and Zhaiyeqing 8 （conventional indica rice） as materials. Compared with the milled rice without chalkiness, amylose content, final viscosity, setback and consistence increased significantly, while gel consistence, peak viscosity and breakdown decreased remarkably and other RVA values did not have significant changes in the chalky rice of Gangyou 527. The differences in the above indices between the chalky and non-chalky rice was not remarkable in Zhaiyeqing 8. The crude protein content of chalky rice in Zhaiyeqing 8 was significantly lower than that of non-chalky rice, but there was no remarkable change between the chalky and non-chalky rice in Gangyou 527. Glutelin content fell significantly, and albumin, globulin, prolamine and lysine contents did not change significantly in chalky rice compared with non-chalky rice in the two varieties.
文摘AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROMEⅢ(n=100)or the ROMEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED treatment.The two ROME cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BMI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ2-tests.The relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ2-tests.Age,BMI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROMEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROMEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROMEⅡcohort.There were no significant differences in age,BMI,lowest ever BMI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROMEⅡand ROMEⅢcohorts.The most prevalent FGIDs using ROMEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROMEⅢcompared to ROMEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROMEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BMI were not significant predictors.The addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROMEⅢadded precision to many FGIDs.CONCLUSION:ROMEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the diagnosis of cyclic vomiting.Psychological factors appear to be more influential in ROMEⅡthan ROMEⅢ.
基金supported by the Special Fund of Construction of Modern Agricultural and Industrial Technology System Project (Grant No. CARS-01-47)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201503002-5-1)the Key Research & Development Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BE2015363-3) in China
文摘Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In continuous backcross and selfcross generations, the related molecular markers with Stvobi and Wx-mq genes were utilized for genotypic detection by associated with resistance identification of rice stripe disease and agronomic traits selection. Finally, 10 improved lines with homozygous genotype Stv-b^i Stv-b^iWx-mqWx-mq were obtained from BC3F4 generation. The results of comparative analysis indicated that most characters of these lines were consistent with those of recipient parent Wuyujing 3, except for the improved resistance, appearance and eating quality. By evaluation of the comprehensive performance of them, two excellent lines K01 and K04 were selected for further experiments.
文摘Eating disorders(ED) are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating that impairs health or psychosocial functioning.They are associated with increased rates of medical complications and mortality.Insulin omission is a unique purging behavior available to individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).The standard treatment regimen for T1 DM requires a major focus on food andeating patterns.Moreover,intensive insulin therapy is associated with increasing body weight.These factors,combined with the psychological burden of chronic disease management and depression,may contribute to ED.The comorbidity of ED in T1 DM patients is associated with poorer glycemic control and consequently higher rates of diabetes complications.Early recognition and adequate treatment of ED in T1 DM is essential.
