The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS...The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS） of the rotational motions is calculated and its characteristics are analyzed, then the TFRS is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of one twelve-storey frame concrete structure. The results show that one of the ground motion components can not reflect the characteristics of the seismic motions completely; the characteristics of each component, especially rotational motions, need to be studied. The damage line of the structure and TFRS of ground motion are important for seismic design, only the TFRS of input seismic wave is suitable, the structure design is reliable.展开更多
This article presents two new kinds of artificial neural network （ANN） response surface methods （RSMs）： the ANN RSM based on early stopping technique （ANNRSM-1）, and the ANN RSM based on regularization theory ...This article presents two new kinds of artificial neural network （ANN） response surface methods （RSMs）： the ANN RSM based on early stopping technique （ANNRSM-1）, and the ANN RSM based on regularization theory （ANNRSM-2）. The following improvements are made to the conventional ANN RSM （ANNRSM-0）： 1） by monitoring the validation error during the training process, ANNRSM-1 determines the early stopping point and the training stopping point, and the weight vector at the early stopping point, which corresponds to the ANN model with the optimal generalization, is finally returned as the training result; 2） according to the regularization theory, ANNRSM-2 modifies the conventional training performance function by adding to it the sum of squares of the network weights, so the network weights are forced to have smaller values while the training error decreases. Tests show that the performance of ANN RSM becomes much better due to the above-mentioned improvements： first, ANNRSM-1 and ANNRSM-2 approximate to the limit state function （LSF） more accurately than ANNRSM-0; second, the estimated failure probabilities given by ANNRSM-1 and ANNRSM-2 have smaller errors than that obtained by ANNRSM-0; third, compared with ANNRSM-0, ANNRSM-1 and ANNRSM-2 require much fewer data samples to achieve stable failure probability results.展开更多
The Q-factor is an important physical parameter for characterizing the absorption and attenuation of seismic waves propagating in underground media,which is of great signifi cance for improving the resolution of seism...The Q-factor is an important physical parameter for characterizing the absorption and attenuation of seismic waves propagating in underground media,which is of great signifi cance for improving the resolution of seismic data,oil and gas detection,and reservoir description.In this paper,the local centroid frequency is defi ned using shaping regularization and used to estimate the Q values of the formation.We propose a continuous time-varying Q-estimation method in the time-frequency domain according to the local centroid frequency,namely,the local centroid frequency shift(LCFS)method.This method can reasonably reduce the calculation error caused by the low accuracy of the time picking of the target formation in the traditional methods.The theoretical and real seismic data processing results show that the time-varying Q values can be accurately estimated using the LCFS method.Compared with the traditional Q-estimation methods,this method does not need to extract the top and bottom interfaces of the target formation;it can also obtain relatively reasonable Q values when there is no eff ective frequency spectrum information.Simultaneously,a reasonable inverse Q fi ltering result can be obtained using the continuous time-varying Q values.展开更多
The seismic behavior of horizontally curved bridges,particularly with unequal height piers,is more complicated than that of straight bridges due to their geometric properties.In this study,the seismic responses of sev...The seismic behavior of horizontally curved bridges,particularly with unequal height piers,is more complicated than that of straight bridges due to their geometric properties.In this study,the seismic responses of several horizontally curved single-column-bent viaducts with various degrees of curvature and different pier heights have been investigated,employing three different analysis approaches:namely,modal pushover analysis,uniform load method,and nonlinear time history analysis.Considering the investigated bridge configurations and utilizing the most common regularity indices,the results indicate that viaducts with 45-degree and 90-degree deck subtended angles can be categorized as regular and moderately irregular,respectively,while the bridges with 180-degree deck subtended angle are found to be highly irregular.Furthermore,the viaducts whose pier heights are asymmetric may be considered as irregular for almost all ranges of the deck subtended angles.The effects of higher transverse and longitudinal modes are discussed and the minimum analysis requirements are identified to assess the seismic response of such bridge configurations for design purposes.Although the Regularity Indices used here are useful tools to distinguish between regular and irregular bridges,further studies are needed to improve their reliability.展开更多
Through lots of numerical simulations with FLAC3D, dynamic responses of slopes are comprehensively studied in this paper and the general regularities of the isoline of the coefficient of the displacement, velocity and...Through lots of numerical simulations with FLAC3D, dynamic responses of slopes are comprehensively studied in this paper and the general regularities of the isoline of the coefficient of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the slope section are reached. Given a certain material slope, if the height of the slope is less than a certain value, the displacement, velocity and acceleration linearly enlarge with elevation in the vertical direction; if the height of the slope surpasses the certain value, the displacement,velocity and acceleration do not linearly enlarge with elevation any more, on the other hand, they fluctuate with a certain rhythm. At the same time, the rhythm appears in the horizontal direction, and the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the slope surface enlarge near the slope surface. The distribution form of the isoline of the coefficient of displacement, velocity and acceleration in the section of the slope is remarkably affected by the slope angle. In the certain area near the slope surface, the isoline of displacement,velocity and acceleration is parallel to the surface of the slope; in the mean time the strike direction of the extremum area is parallel to the surface of the slope, too. The charts of the slope dynamic responses can be depicted with two indexes, one is the strike direction of the isoline, and the other is the number of the rhythm extremum area of the direction parallel to the surface of the slope.展开更多
The launching and recovery process of a human-occupied vehicle(HOV)faces more complex wave effects than other types of submersible operations.However,due to the nonlinearity between the HOV and its mother ship,difficu...The launching and recovery process of a human-occupied vehicle(HOV)faces more complex wave effects than other types of submersible operations.However,due to the nonlinearity between the HOV and its mother ship,difficulties occur in theoretically simulating their coupled motion and hydrodynamics.The coupled motion responses and the load under different regular wave conditions are investigated experimentally in this study.The optimized design of the experimental scheme simulated the launching and recovery process of the mother ship and HOV in regular waves.The attitude sensor performed synchronous real-time measurement of the coupled motion between the mother ship and HOV as well as obtained the load data on the coupled motion under different cable lengths.The results show that models in heading waves mainly lead to the vertical motion of the hoisting point.In beam waves,the transverse and vertical motions of the hoisting point occur in a certain frequency of waves.Under the heading and beam wave conditions,the longer the hoisting cable is,the greater the movement amplitude of the submersible is.Moreover,compared with the condition of the beam waves,the hoisting submersible has less influence on the mother ship under the condition of the heading waves.The findings provide theoretical support for the design optimization of the launching and recovery operation.展开更多
One of the major challenges of constructing any high rise building for civil engineers is to make it earthquake resistant. This resistance largely depends on the building’s shape and structural system. A comparative ...One of the major challenges of constructing any high rise building for civil engineers is to make it earthquake resistant. This resistance largely depends on the building’s shape and structural system. A comparative study has been done in this paper about the seismic behavior and response of buildings having a regular plan and plan irregularity (re-entrant corners). The 5 building models considered in this study are 15 stories each, the same area and identical weight. Among the 5 building models, 2 are with a regular plan (square, rectangle) and the other 3 building models are with plan irregularity (re-entrant corners). All of them are modeled using ETABS 2015 program for Dhaka, Bangladesh (seismic zone 2). Static loads, wind loads and seismic loads are considered for each model and dynamic response under Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2006 response spectrum has been meticulously analyzed. A comparison for story displacement, base shear, story drift and time period has been established and explored for dynamic response spectrum among the models. The results show that buildings with irregularity have a greater value of time period, drift and displacement and hereby are more susceptible to damage during an earthquake or disaster.展开更多
为提高载荷识别与结构响应重构的精度及效率,提出了一种同时考虑传递矩阵误差和测量误差的改进Tikhonov正则化方法。首先,通过结构动力学模型构建状态空间方程和传递矩阵,得到结构载荷和响应的重构方程;其次,利用截断随机奇异值分解方...为提高载荷识别与结构响应重构的精度及效率,提出了一种同时考虑传递矩阵误差和测量误差的改进Tikhonov正则化方法。首先,通过结构动力学模型构建状态空间方程和传递矩阵,得到结构载荷和响应的重构方程;其次,利用截断随机奇异值分解方法计算测点位置的近似传递矩阵,同时结合总体最小二乘法(Total Least Squares Method,TLSM)和传统Tikhonov正则化方法识别载荷,再通过待重构位置的传递矩阵重构未知响应;最后,分别对二维桁架和简支梁进行数值仿真和试验分析,验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明,相较于传统Tikhonov正则化方法,所提方法可在保证重构精度的同时提升重构效率。展开更多
针对结构载荷识别中存在的离散不适定性问题,提出一种用右端项和特定子空间的基向量相结合的联合优化共轭梯度最小二乘CGLS(Conjugate Gradient Least Squares)正则化方法。该方法在载荷识别过程中无须对传递矩阵求逆,并用正则化进行预...针对结构载荷识别中存在的离散不适定性问题,提出一种用右端项和特定子空间的基向量相结合的联合优化共轭梯度最小二乘CGLS(Conjugate Gradient Least Squares)正则化方法。该方法在载荷识别过程中无须对传递矩阵求逆,并用正则化进行预处理有效降低了传递矩阵的病态性。首先,基于状态空间模型构建出结构的传递矩阵,建立结构载荷识别与响应重构方程;其次,对载荷识别方程用Tikhonov正则化进行预处理,并采用联合优化CGLS方法改善载荷识别过程中的不适定性,降低传递函数矩阵的病态性,得到方程的正则化解,并进行结构响应重构;最后,对受电弓弓头结构和简支梁模型进行数值分析,并采用简支梁模型试验验证。结果表明,本文方法能够较准确识别结构载荷,并有效重构结构动态响应。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50578125
文摘The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS） of the rotational motions is calculated and its characteristics are analyzed, then the TFRS is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of one twelve-storey frame concrete structure. The results show that one of the ground motion components can not reflect the characteristics of the seismic motions completely; the characteristics of each component, especially rotational motions, need to be studied. The damage line of the structure and TFRS of ground motion are important for seismic design, only the TFRS of input seismic wave is suitable, the structure design is reliable.
基金National High-tech Research and Development Program of China (2006AA04Z405)
文摘This article presents two new kinds of artificial neural network （ANN） response surface methods （RSMs）： the ANN RSM based on early stopping technique （ANNRSM-1）, and the ANN RSM based on regularization theory （ANNRSM-2）. The following improvements are made to the conventional ANN RSM （ANNRSM-0）： 1） by monitoring the validation error during the training process, ANNRSM-1 determines the early stopping point and the training stopping point, and the weight vector at the early stopping point, which corresponds to the ANN model with the optimal generalization, is finally returned as the training result; 2） according to the regularization theory, ANNRSM-2 modifies the conventional training performance function by adding to it the sum of squares of the network weights, so the network weights are forced to have smaller values while the training error decreases. Tests show that the performance of ANN RSM becomes much better due to the above-mentioned improvements： first, ANNRSM-1 and ANNRSM-2 approximate to the limit state function （LSF） more accurately than ANNRSM-0; second, the estimated failure probabilities given by ANNRSM-1 and ANNRSM-2 have smaller errors than that obtained by ANNRSM-0; third, compared with ANNRSM-0, ANNRSM-1 and ANNRSM-2 require much fewer data samples to achieve stable failure probability results.
基金This work was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC0600505 and 2018YFC0603701)National Natural Science Foundation(No.41974134 and 41774127).
文摘The Q-factor is an important physical parameter for characterizing the absorption and attenuation of seismic waves propagating in underground media,which is of great signifi cance for improving the resolution of seismic data,oil and gas detection,and reservoir description.In this paper,the local centroid frequency is defi ned using shaping regularization and used to estimate the Q values of the formation.We propose a continuous time-varying Q-estimation method in the time-frequency domain according to the local centroid frequency,namely,the local centroid frequency shift(LCFS)method.This method can reasonably reduce the calculation error caused by the low accuracy of the time picking of the target formation in the traditional methods.The theoretical and real seismic data processing results show that the time-varying Q values can be accurately estimated using the LCFS method.Compared with the traditional Q-estimation methods,this method does not need to extract the top and bottom interfaces of the target formation;it can also obtain relatively reasonable Q values when there is no eff ective frequency spectrum information.Simultaneously,a reasonable inverse Q fi ltering result can be obtained using the continuous time-varying Q values.
文摘The seismic behavior of horizontally curved bridges,particularly with unequal height piers,is more complicated than that of straight bridges due to their geometric properties.In this study,the seismic responses of several horizontally curved single-column-bent viaducts with various degrees of curvature and different pier heights have been investigated,employing three different analysis approaches:namely,modal pushover analysis,uniform load method,and nonlinear time history analysis.Considering the investigated bridge configurations and utilizing the most common regularity indices,the results indicate that viaducts with 45-degree and 90-degree deck subtended angles can be categorized as regular and moderately irregular,respectively,while the bridges with 180-degree deck subtended angle are found to be highly irregular.Furthermore,the viaducts whose pier heights are asymmetric may be considered as irregular for almost all ranges of the deck subtended angles.The effects of higher transverse and longitudinal modes are discussed and the minimum analysis requirements are identified to assess the seismic response of such bridge configurations for design purposes.Although the Regularity Indices used here are useful tools to distinguish between regular and irregular bridges,further studies are needed to improve their reliability.
文摘Through lots of numerical simulations with FLAC3D, dynamic responses of slopes are comprehensively studied in this paper and the general regularities of the isoline of the coefficient of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the slope section are reached. Given a certain material slope, if the height of the slope is less than a certain value, the displacement, velocity and acceleration linearly enlarge with elevation in the vertical direction; if the height of the slope surpasses the certain value, the displacement,velocity and acceleration do not linearly enlarge with elevation any more, on the other hand, they fluctuate with a certain rhythm. At the same time, the rhythm appears in the horizontal direction, and the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the slope surface enlarge near the slope surface. The distribution form of the isoline of the coefficient of displacement, velocity and acceleration in the section of the slope is remarkably affected by the slope angle. In the certain area near the slope surface, the isoline of displacement,velocity and acceleration is parallel to the surface of the slope; in the mean time the strike direction of the extremum area is parallel to the surface of the slope, too. The charts of the slope dynamic responses can be depicted with two indexes, one is the strike direction of the isoline, and the other is the number of the rhythm extremum area of the direction parallel to the surface of the slope.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51909039)Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering(Grant No.201807).
文摘The launching and recovery process of a human-occupied vehicle(HOV)faces more complex wave effects than other types of submersible operations.However,due to the nonlinearity between the HOV and its mother ship,difficulties occur in theoretically simulating their coupled motion and hydrodynamics.The coupled motion responses and the load under different regular wave conditions are investigated experimentally in this study.The optimized design of the experimental scheme simulated the launching and recovery process of the mother ship and HOV in regular waves.The attitude sensor performed synchronous real-time measurement of the coupled motion between the mother ship and HOV as well as obtained the load data on the coupled motion under different cable lengths.The results show that models in heading waves mainly lead to the vertical motion of the hoisting point.In beam waves,the transverse and vertical motions of the hoisting point occur in a certain frequency of waves.Under the heading and beam wave conditions,the longer the hoisting cable is,the greater the movement amplitude of the submersible is.Moreover,compared with the condition of the beam waves,the hoisting submersible has less influence on the mother ship under the condition of the heading waves.The findings provide theoretical support for the design optimization of the launching and recovery operation.
文摘One of the major challenges of constructing any high rise building for civil engineers is to make it earthquake resistant. This resistance largely depends on the building’s shape and structural system. A comparative study has been done in this paper about the seismic behavior and response of buildings having a regular plan and plan irregularity (re-entrant corners). The 5 building models considered in this study are 15 stories each, the same area and identical weight. Among the 5 building models, 2 are with a regular plan (square, rectangle) and the other 3 building models are with plan irregularity (re-entrant corners). All of them are modeled using ETABS 2015 program for Dhaka, Bangladesh (seismic zone 2). Static loads, wind loads and seismic loads are considered for each model and dynamic response under Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2006 response spectrum has been meticulously analyzed. A comparison for story displacement, base shear, story drift and time period has been established and explored for dynamic response spectrum among the models. The results show that buildings with irregularity have a greater value of time period, drift and displacement and hereby are more susceptible to damage during an earthquake or disaster.
文摘为提高载荷识别与结构响应重构的精度及效率,提出了一种同时考虑传递矩阵误差和测量误差的改进Tikhonov正则化方法。首先,通过结构动力学模型构建状态空间方程和传递矩阵,得到结构载荷和响应的重构方程;其次,利用截断随机奇异值分解方法计算测点位置的近似传递矩阵,同时结合总体最小二乘法(Total Least Squares Method,TLSM)和传统Tikhonov正则化方法识别载荷,再通过待重构位置的传递矩阵重构未知响应;最后,分别对二维桁架和简支梁进行数值仿真和试验分析,验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明,相较于传统Tikhonov正则化方法,所提方法可在保证重构精度的同时提升重构效率。
文摘针对结构载荷识别中存在的离散不适定性问题,提出一种用右端项和特定子空间的基向量相结合的联合优化共轭梯度最小二乘CGLS(Conjugate Gradient Least Squares)正则化方法。该方法在载荷识别过程中无须对传递矩阵求逆,并用正则化进行预处理有效降低了传递矩阵的病态性。首先,基于状态空间模型构建出结构的传递矩阵,建立结构载荷识别与响应重构方程;其次,对载荷识别方程用Tikhonov正则化进行预处理,并采用联合优化CGLS方法改善载荷识别过程中的不适定性,降低传递函数矩阵的病态性,得到方程的正则化解,并进行结构响应重构;最后,对受电弓弓头结构和简支梁模型进行数值分析,并采用简支梁模型试验验证。结果表明,本文方法能够较准确识别结构载荷,并有效重构结构动态响应。
