The purpose of this research is to design and develop a demonstration Set of a water cooling system using a Peltier with solar energy and technology,and IoT(Internet of Things),and test and measure the performance of ...The purpose of this research is to design and develop a demonstration Set of a water cooling system using a Peltier with solar energy and technology,and IoT(Internet of Things),and test and measure the performance of the Peltier Plate Water Cooling System Demonstration Set under different environmental conditions.To be used as a model for clean energy systems and experimental learning materials.The prototype system consists of a 100-W solar panel,a 12 V 20 Ah battery,a Peltier plate,a DS18B20 sensor,and a NodeMCU microcontroller.The system performance is determined by analyzing the energy drawn from the water(Q)compared to the electrical energy supplied to the plate(Q2)and calculating the coefficient of performance(COP)value to evaluate the performance of the system,as well as testing the operation under different light conditions(morning,noon,evening)with real-time temperature data and control behavior recorded via IoT(Internet of Things).The results showed that the system can reduce the water temperature by an average of 4°C-7.5°C within 60-90 min,with an average COP(COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE)in the range of 0.3-0.4 during unstable solar energy periods.The system can respond to commands via the Blynk application in under 2 s and can also operate continuously on battery backup power during low-light hours.展开更多
The current mathematical models for the storage assignment problem are generally established based on the traveling salesman problem（TSP）,which has been widely applied in the conventional automated storage and retri...The current mathematical models for the storage assignment problem are generally established based on the traveling salesman problem（TSP）,which has been widely applied in the conventional automated storage and retrieval system（AS/RS）.However,the previous mathematical models in conventional AS/RS do not match multi-tier shuttle warehousing systems（MSWS） because the characteristics of parallel retrieval in multiple tiers and progressive vertical movement destroy the foundation of TSP.In this study,a two-stage open queuing network model in which shuttles and a lift are regarded as servers at different stages is proposed to analyze system performance in the terms of shuttle waiting period（SWP） and lift idle period（LIP） during transaction cycle time.A mean arrival time difference matrix for pairwise stock keeping units（SKUs） is presented to determine the mean waiting time and queue length to optimize the storage assignment problem on the basis of SKU correlation.The decomposition method is applied to analyze the interactions among outbound task time,SWP,and LIP.The ant colony clustering algorithm is designed to determine storage partitions using clustering items.In addition,goods are assigned for storage according to the rearranging permutation and the combination of storage partitions in a 2D plane.This combination is derived based on the analysis results of the queuing network model and on three basic principles.The storage assignment method and its entire optimization algorithm method as applied in a MSWS are verified through a practical engineering project conducted in the tobacco industry.The applying results show that the total SWP and LIP can be reduced effectively to improve the utilization rates of all devices and to increase the throughput of the distribution center.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),the third leading cause of death globally,is characterized by persistent airflow limitation.In China,the prevalence among individuals aged 40 and above reaches 13.7%,with a ...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),the third leading cause of death globally,is characterized by persistent airflow limitation.In China,the prevalence among individuals aged 40 and above reaches 13.7%,with a noticeable trend toward younger groups.However,inadequate screening rates at the primary healthcare level and delayed diagnosis pose significant challenges.Researches have indicated that standardized screening questionnaires combined with AI-assisted lung function interpretation technology can enhance the efficiency of early diagnosis.Treatment requires individualized medication combined with non-pharmacological interventions(health education,telemedicine,and smart inhalation devices)to enhance the adherence and the symptom control.In terms of management,the community-based primary healthcare system,home oxygen therapy,and multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programs can shorten the hospitalization duration during acute exacerbations and then improve outcomes.The findings indicate that an integrated strategy combining early screening,tiered diagnosis and treatment,digital management and community-family collaboration is key to reducing disability and mortality rates from COPD.In the future,it is needed to focus on strengthening primary healthcare capabilities and implementing evidence-based precision interventions to drive a shift from“passive treatment”to“proactive healthcare management,”thereby alleviating socioeconomic burdens.展开更多
In the terraced fields in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture,southwest China’s Yunnan Province,the morning mist drifts up from the valleys while the tiered ridges spread like the fingerprints of the earth.
The tiered geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls have been increasingly applied in the high and steep retaining soil structures. However, very little is known about the design method for the tiered GRS wall in prac...The tiered geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls have been increasingly applied in the high and steep retaining soil structures. However, very little is known about the design method for the tiered GRS wall in practice. This study is aimed at proposing an upper-bound stability analysis method of a tiered GRS wall. The proposed method was firstly validated by the existing results from the centrifuge test and the numerical method, and then a parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of the cohesionless backfill friction angle φ1 and the wall geometric parameters including the offset distance, the total wall height, the batter angle δ, the number of tiers n, and wall height ratio of adjacent tiers on the dimensionless equivalent earth pressure coefficient KT. The analysis results demonstrated that as the φ1 increases, the shear strength of backfill is enhanced and thus the KT or the total reinforcement tensile force decreases, and the KT decreases with the increase of the offset distance at the initial stage and then becomes stable when it reaches a certain critical value. For a fixed offset distance, the KT or the total reinforcement tensile force decreases with the increase of the δ. For the two-tiered GRS walls having the offset distance less than the critical value, the wall with the smaller wall height ratio has a larger KT. Further, the variation of the location of the critical failure surfaces of tiered GRS walls was presented in this study with the variation of the φ1 and the wall geometry.展开更多
Objective:To assess comprehensive abortion care(CAC)services uptake and barriers to it in selected representative units of the three tier health care in the district of Malda in West Bengal,India.Methods:We conducted ...Objective:To assess comprehensive abortion care(CAC)services uptake and barriers to it in selected representative units of the three tier health care in the district of Malda in West Bengal,India.Methods:We conducted community-based,concurrent,parallel mixed methods study.Quantitative assessment of knowledge of primary health care workers on CAC and appropriate infrastructure assessment was done.Qualitative methods were used to identify themes affecting uptake of quality care among stakeholders.Results:A total of 48 staff nurses and 133 auxiliary nurses and midwives were included in the study.About half of nurses(of total 48)who were second tier health care provider and two thirds(of total 133)of first tier health care provider had incorrect knowledge about legality of abortion.Only 40%mothers seeking abortion were accompanied to subcentre by primary health care worker.At the third tier health care site,physicians insisted on necessity of refresher training.Suboptimal uptake of available CAC services was due to lack of enabling environment.Lack of updated training across health care workers was observed.Conclusions:Health care providers at the community level were unaware of facilities available for mothers seeking abortion.Higher level health care providers were unsure of specific knowledge about legal permissibility and sterilization of apparatus for abortion.At the highest level,more training on medical methods of abortion was required.The problems identified are amenable to correction,and some administrative and service-related provision on appropriate measures may lead to immediate success.展开更多
The park-level integrated energy system(PIES)is essential for achieving carbon neutrality by managing multi-energy supply and demand while enhancing renewable energy integration.However,current carbon trading mechanis...The park-level integrated energy system(PIES)is essential for achieving carbon neutrality by managing multi-energy supply and demand while enhancing renewable energy integration.However,current carbon trading mechanisms lack sufficient incentives for emission reductions,and traditional optimization algorithms often face challenges with convergence and local optima in complex PIES scheduling.To address these issues,this paper introduces a low-carbon dispatch strategy that combines a reward-penalty tiered carbon trading model with P2G-CCS integration,hydrogen utilization,and the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm(SBOA).Key innovations include:(1)A dynamic reward-penalty carbon trading mechanism with coefficients(μ=0.2,λ=0.15),which reduces carbon trading costs by 47.2%(from$694.06 to$366.32)compared to traditional tiered models,incentivizing voluntary emission reductions.(2)The integration of P2G-CCS coupling,which lowers natural gas consumption by 41.9%(from$4117.20 to$2389.23)and enhances CO_(2) recycling efficiency,addressing the limitations of standalone P2G or CCS technologies.(3)TheSBOA algorithm,which outperforms traditionalmethods(e.g.,PSO,GWO)in convergence speed and global search capability,avoiding local optima and achieving 24.39%faster convergence on CEC2005 benchmark functions.(4)A four-energy PIES framework incorporating electricity,heat,gas,and hydrogen,where hydrogen fuel cells and CHP systems improve demand response flexibility,reducing gas-related emissions by 42.1%and generating$13.14 in demand response revenue.Case studies across five scenarios demonstrate the strategy’s effectiveness:total operational costs decrease by 14.7%(from$7354.64 to$6272.59),carbon emissions drop by 49.9%(from 5294.94 to 2653.39kg),andrenewable energyutilizationincreases by24.39%(from4.82%to8.17%).These results affirmthemodel’s ability to reconcile economic and environmental goals,providing a scalable approach for low-carbon transitions in industrial parks.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the distributed cooperative regulation problem for a class of networked re-entrant manufacturing systems(RMSs).The networked system is structured with a three-tier architecture:the p...Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the distributed cooperative regulation problem for a class of networked re-entrant manufacturing systems(RMSs).The networked system is structured with a three-tier architecture:the production line,the manufacturing layer and the workshop layer.The dynamics of re-entrant production lines are governed by hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs)based on the law of mass conservation.展开更多
依据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)2006年公布的反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放系数(奶牛61 kg CH4头-1a-1,肉役牛47 kg CH4头-1a-1,绵羊和山羊均为5 kg CH4头-1a-1)和IPCC Tier 1计算方法,结合《中国统计年鉴》和《中国畜牧业统计年鉴》,估算了...依据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)2006年公布的反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放系数(奶牛61 kg CH4头-1a-1,肉役牛47 kg CH4头-1a-1,绵羊和山羊均为5 kg CH4头-1a-1)和IPCC Tier 1计算方法,结合《中国统计年鉴》和《中国畜牧业统计年鉴》,估算了中国以及各个省份1990—2010年CH4的排放总量,绘制出中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局及历史变化图。研究结果表明:11990—2010年期间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放量(5.90—7.65 Tg)总体呈现先上升(1995年最高)后下降的趋势,其中肉役牛(主要是黄牛和水牛)胃肠道CH4排放量(>4.33 Tg)及其所占比例(>65%)最大。奶牛胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例呈现逐年增加的趋势,2006年(0.83 Tg,12.7%)超过山羊和绵羊胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例,成为中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放第二大源。但是,奶牛单位产奶量所排放的CH4量逐年降低,表明中国奶牛饲养技术与生产性能不断提高。2中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局呈现区域集中特点,主要集中在中西部和北部的各个省份,其中四川、内蒙古、新疆、河南、西藏、山东、河北、黑龙江、云南和甘肃等10个省份的排放量占中国排放总量的50%以上。总之,1990—2010年间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放总量为(6.77±0.46)Tg(肉役牛为主要排放源),随时间推移呈现先上升后下降的趋势;中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放的格局呈区域集中分布,中西部和北部的各个省份占60%以上。展开更多
基金it was supported in kind through resources,technical consultation,and laboratory access generously provided by Chaiyapon Thongchaisuratkrul and relevant institutions.
文摘The purpose of this research is to design and develop a demonstration Set of a water cooling system using a Peltier with solar energy and technology,and IoT(Internet of Things),and test and measure the performance of the Peltier Plate Water Cooling System Demonstration Set under different environmental conditions.To be used as a model for clean energy systems and experimental learning materials.The prototype system consists of a 100-W solar panel,a 12 V 20 Ah battery,a Peltier plate,a DS18B20 sensor,and a NodeMCU microcontroller.The system performance is determined by analyzing the energy drawn from the water(Q)compared to the electrical energy supplied to the plate(Q2)and calculating the coefficient of performance(COP)value to evaluate the performance of the system,as well as testing the operation under different light conditions(morning,noon,evening)with real-time temperature data and control behavior recorded via IoT(Internet of Things).The results showed that the system can reduce the water temperature by an average of 4°C-7.5°C within 60-90 min,with an average COP(COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE)in the range of 0.3-0.4 during unstable solar energy periods.The system can respond to commands via the Blynk application in under 2 s and can also operate continuously on battery backup power during low-light hours.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.661403234)Shandong Provincial Science and Techhnology Development Plan of China(Grant No.2014GGX106009)
文摘The current mathematical models for the storage assignment problem are generally established based on the traveling salesman problem（TSP）,which has been widely applied in the conventional automated storage and retrieval system（AS/RS）.However,the previous mathematical models in conventional AS/RS do not match multi-tier shuttle warehousing systems（MSWS） because the characteristics of parallel retrieval in multiple tiers and progressive vertical movement destroy the foundation of TSP.In this study,a two-stage open queuing network model in which shuttles and a lift are regarded as servers at different stages is proposed to analyze system performance in the terms of shuttle waiting period（SWP） and lift idle period（LIP） during transaction cycle time.A mean arrival time difference matrix for pairwise stock keeping units（SKUs） is presented to determine the mean waiting time and queue length to optimize the storage assignment problem on the basis of SKU correlation.The decomposition method is applied to analyze the interactions among outbound task time,SWP,and LIP.The ant colony clustering algorithm is designed to determine storage partitions using clustering items.In addition,goods are assigned for storage according to the rearranging permutation and the combination of storage partitions in a 2D plane.This combination is derived based on the analysis results of the queuing network model and on three basic principles.The storage assignment method and its entire optimization algorithm method as applied in a MSWS are verified through a practical engineering project conducted in the tobacco industry.The applying results show that the total SWP and LIP can be reduced effectively to improve the utilization rates of all devices and to increase the throughput of the distribution center.
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),the third leading cause of death globally,is characterized by persistent airflow limitation.In China,the prevalence among individuals aged 40 and above reaches 13.7%,with a noticeable trend toward younger groups.However,inadequate screening rates at the primary healthcare level and delayed diagnosis pose significant challenges.Researches have indicated that standardized screening questionnaires combined with AI-assisted lung function interpretation technology can enhance the efficiency of early diagnosis.Treatment requires individualized medication combined with non-pharmacological interventions(health education,telemedicine,and smart inhalation devices)to enhance the adherence and the symptom control.In terms of management,the community-based primary healthcare system,home oxygen therapy,and multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation programs can shorten the hospitalization duration during acute exacerbations and then improve outcomes.The findings indicate that an integrated strategy combining early screening,tiered diagnosis and treatment,digital management and community-family collaboration is key to reducing disability and mortality rates from COPD.In the future,it is needed to focus on strengthening primary healthcare capabilities and implementing evidence-based precision interventions to drive a shift from“passive treatment”to“proactive healthcare management,”thereby alleviating socioeconomic burdens.
文摘In the terraced fields in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture,southwest China’s Yunnan Province,the morning mist drifts up from the valleys while the tiered ridges spread like the fingerprints of the earth.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.41877255,and 52078182).
文摘The tiered geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls have been increasingly applied in the high and steep retaining soil structures. However, very little is known about the design method for the tiered GRS wall in practice. This study is aimed at proposing an upper-bound stability analysis method of a tiered GRS wall. The proposed method was firstly validated by the existing results from the centrifuge test and the numerical method, and then a parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of the cohesionless backfill friction angle φ1 and the wall geometric parameters including the offset distance, the total wall height, the batter angle δ, the number of tiers n, and wall height ratio of adjacent tiers on the dimensionless equivalent earth pressure coefficient KT. The analysis results demonstrated that as the φ1 increases, the shear strength of backfill is enhanced and thus the KT or the total reinforcement tensile force decreases, and the KT decreases with the increase of the offset distance at the initial stage and then becomes stable when it reaches a certain critical value. For a fixed offset distance, the KT or the total reinforcement tensile force decreases with the increase of the δ. For the two-tiered GRS walls having the offset distance less than the critical value, the wall with the smaller wall height ratio has a larger KT. Further, the variation of the location of the critical failure surfaces of tiered GRS walls was presented in this study with the variation of the φ1 and the wall geometry.
基金funded by National Health Mission,Government of West Bengal[HFW-35099/37/2018-SFWB SEC(DHS)(HFW)/4441,dated 23 August 2018].
文摘Objective:To assess comprehensive abortion care(CAC)services uptake and barriers to it in selected representative units of the three tier health care in the district of Malda in West Bengal,India.Methods:We conducted community-based,concurrent,parallel mixed methods study.Quantitative assessment of knowledge of primary health care workers on CAC and appropriate infrastructure assessment was done.Qualitative methods were used to identify themes affecting uptake of quality care among stakeholders.Results:A total of 48 staff nurses and 133 auxiliary nurses and midwives were included in the study.About half of nurses(of total 48)who were second tier health care provider and two thirds(of total 133)of first tier health care provider had incorrect knowledge about legality of abortion.Only 40%mothers seeking abortion were accompanied to subcentre by primary health care worker.At the third tier health care site,physicians insisted on necessity of refresher training.Suboptimal uptake of available CAC services was due to lack of enabling environment.Lack of updated training across health care workers was observed.Conclusions:Health care providers at the community level were unaware of facilities available for mothers seeking abortion.Higher level health care providers were unsure of specific knowledge about legal permissibility and sterilization of apparatus for abortion.At the highest level,more training on medical methods of abortion was required.The problems identified are amenable to correction,and some administrative and service-related provision on appropriate measures may lead to immediate success.
基金funded by State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company Technology Project,grant number 520210230004.
文摘The park-level integrated energy system(PIES)is essential for achieving carbon neutrality by managing multi-energy supply and demand while enhancing renewable energy integration.However,current carbon trading mechanisms lack sufficient incentives for emission reductions,and traditional optimization algorithms often face challenges with convergence and local optima in complex PIES scheduling.To address these issues,this paper introduces a low-carbon dispatch strategy that combines a reward-penalty tiered carbon trading model with P2G-CCS integration,hydrogen utilization,and the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm(SBOA).Key innovations include:(1)A dynamic reward-penalty carbon trading mechanism with coefficients(μ=0.2,λ=0.15),which reduces carbon trading costs by 47.2%(from$694.06 to$366.32)compared to traditional tiered models,incentivizing voluntary emission reductions.(2)The integration of P2G-CCS coupling,which lowers natural gas consumption by 41.9%(from$4117.20 to$2389.23)and enhances CO_(2) recycling efficiency,addressing the limitations of standalone P2G or CCS technologies.(3)TheSBOA algorithm,which outperforms traditionalmethods(e.g.,PSO,GWO)in convergence speed and global search capability,avoiding local optima and achieving 24.39%faster convergence on CEC2005 benchmark functions.(4)A four-energy PIES framework incorporating electricity,heat,gas,and hydrogen,where hydrogen fuel cells and CHP systems improve demand response flexibility,reducing gas-related emissions by 42.1%and generating$13.14 in demand response revenue.Case studies across five scenarios demonstrate the strategy’s effectiveness:total operational costs decrease by 14.7%(from$7354.64 to$6272.59),carbon emissions drop by 49.9%(from 5294.94 to 2653.39kg),andrenewable energyutilizationincreases by24.39%(from4.82%to8.17%).These results affirmthemodel’s ability to reconcile economic and environmental goals,providing a scalable approach for low-carbon transitions in industrial parks.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the distributed cooperative regulation problem for a class of networked re-entrant manufacturing systems(RMSs).The networked system is structured with a three-tier architecture:the production line,the manufacturing layer and the workshop layer.The dynamics of re-entrant production lines are governed by hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs)based on the law of mass conservation.
文摘依据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)2006年公布的反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放系数(奶牛61 kg CH4头-1a-1,肉役牛47 kg CH4头-1a-1,绵羊和山羊均为5 kg CH4头-1a-1)和IPCC Tier 1计算方法,结合《中国统计年鉴》和《中国畜牧业统计年鉴》,估算了中国以及各个省份1990—2010年CH4的排放总量,绘制出中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局及历史变化图。研究结果表明:11990—2010年期间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放量(5.90—7.65 Tg)总体呈现先上升(1995年最高)后下降的趋势,其中肉役牛(主要是黄牛和水牛)胃肠道CH4排放量(>4.33 Tg)及其所占比例(>65%)最大。奶牛胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例呈现逐年增加的趋势,2006年(0.83 Tg,12.7%)超过山羊和绵羊胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例,成为中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放第二大源。但是,奶牛单位产奶量所排放的CH4量逐年降低,表明中国奶牛饲养技术与生产性能不断提高。2中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局呈现区域集中特点,主要集中在中西部和北部的各个省份,其中四川、内蒙古、新疆、河南、西藏、山东、河北、黑龙江、云南和甘肃等10个省份的排放量占中国排放总量的50%以上。总之,1990—2010年间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放总量为(6.77±0.46)Tg(肉役牛为主要排放源),随时间推移呈现先上升后下降的趋势;中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放的格局呈区域集中分布,中西部和北部的各个省份占60%以上。
