Titanium dioxide （TiO2） loaded tungsten trioxide （WO3） composite films are prepared by an E-beam vapor system. Associated with the existence of a heterojunction at the interface of TiO2 and WO3, the prepared TiO2-...Titanium dioxide （TiO2） loaded tungsten trioxide （WO3） composite films are prepared by an E-beam vapor system. Associated with the existence of a heterojunction at the interface of TiO2 and WO3, the prepared TiO2-WO3 composite film shows enhanced photocurrent density, four times than the pure WO3 film illuminated under xenon lamp, and higher incident-photon-to-current conversion e^ciency. By varying the initial TiO2 film thickness, such composite structures could be optimized to obtain the highest photocurrent density. We believe that thin TiO2 films improve the light response and increase the surface roughness of WO3 films. Furthermore, the existence of the heterojunction results in the e^cient charge carriers＇ separation, transfer process, and a lower recombination of electron-hole pairs, which is beneficial for the enhancement of photocurrent density.展开更多
The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic e...The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To solve this problem, this study synthesized a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and steel slag nanocomposites (SSNC) at a 1:2 mass ratio to create a robust photocatalyst for the treatment of synthetic wastewater. The efficacy of this catalyst in degrading various dye pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), was tested under simulated solar light conditions. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, crystalline structure, energy gap, and point of zero charge of the composite. The TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst exhibited excellent stability, with a point of zero charge at 8.342 and an energy gap of 2.4 eV. The degradation process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization of operational parameters was achieved through the response surface methodology. Reusability tests demonstrated that the TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst effectively degraded up to 93.41% of MB in the suspended mode and 92.03% in the coated mode after five cycles. Additionally, the degradation efficiencies for various dyes were significant, highlighting the potential of the composite for broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment. This study also explored the degradation mechanisms and identified byproducts, establishing a pathway for contaminant breakdown. The cost-benefit analysis revealed a total cost of 0.842 8 USD per cubic meter for each treatment activity, indicating low operational and production costs. These findings underscore the promise of the TiO2-SSNC composite as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wastewater purification.展开更多
Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolu...Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti^(3+)states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti^(3+),appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec^(-1) of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s^(-1) at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.展开更多
MnO2-10aded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH and the coexistent ions on...MnO2-10aded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH and the coexistent ions on the adsorption were investigated. Experimental results showed that with the adsorbent dosage more than 0.6 g/L, both Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ were simultaneously removed at pH range 5-6. Except for HPO4^2-, the high concentration coexistent ions such as Na^＋, K^＋, Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2- and HCO3^-, showed no significant effect on the removal efficiency of both Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ under the experimental conditions. The coexistence of Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋ caused the reduction of Cd^2＋ removal, but not for Pb^2＋. The adsorption equilibrium for Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ could be excellently described by the Langmuir isotherm model with R^2 〉 0.99. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 80.64 mg/g for Pb^2＋ and 21.45 mg/g for Cd^2＋. The adsorption processes followed the pseudo first-order kinetics model. MnO2-loaded D301 resin has been shown to have a potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.展开更多
Copper and titanium remain relatively plentiful in earth crust.Therefore,using them in solar energy conversion technologies are of significant interest.In this work,cuprous oxide（Cu2O）-modified short TiO2 nanotube a...Copper and titanium remain relatively plentiful in earth crust.Therefore,using them in solar energy conversion technologies are of significant interest.In this work,cuprous oxide（Cu2O）-modified short TiO2 nanotube array electrode was prepared based on the following two design ideas:first,the short titania nanotubes obtained from sonoelectrochemical anodization possess excellent charge separation and transportation properties as well as desirable mechanical stability;second,the sonoelectrochemical deposition technique favours the improvement in the combination between Cu2O and TiO2 nanotubes,and favours the dispersion of Cu2O particles.UV-Vis absorption and photo-electronchemical measurements proved that the Cu2O coating extended the visible spectrum absorption and the solar spectrum-induced photocurrent response.Under AM1.5 irradiation,the photocurrent density of the composite electrode（i.e.sonoelectrochemical deposition for 5 min） was more than 4.75 times as high as the pure nanotube electrode.Comparing the photoactivity of the Cu2O/TiO2 electrode obtained using sonoelectrochemical deposition with others that synthesized using plain electrochemical deposition,the photocurrent density of the former electrode was 2.2 times higher than that of the latter when biased at 1.0 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）.The reproducible photocurrent response under intermittent illumination demonstrated the excellent stability of the composite electrode.Such kind of composite electrode material will have many potential applications in solar cell and other fields.展开更多
TiO2 nanotube （TNT） arrays were fabricated by anodic oxidation of titanium foil in a fluoride- based solution, on which Cu20 particles were loaded via galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition in cupric acetate solution...TiO2 nanotube （TNT） arrays were fabricated by anodic oxidation of titanium foil in a fluoride- based solution, on which Cu20 particles were loaded via galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition in cupric acetate solutions in the absence of any other additives. The structure and optical properties of Cu2O-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays （Cu2O-TNTs） were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and UV-Vis absorption, and the photoelectrochemical performance was measured using an electrochemical work station with a three-electrode configuration. The results show that the Cu2O particles distribute uniformly on the highly ordered anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays. The morphologies of Cu2O crystals change from branched, truncated octahedrons to dispersive single octahedrons with increasing deposition current densities. The Cu2O- TNTs exhibited remarkable visible light responses with obvious visible light absorption and greatly enhanced visible light photoelectrochemical performance. The I-V characteristics under visible light irradiation show a distinct plateau in the region between approximately -0.3 and 0 V, resulting in higher open-circuit voltages and larger short-circuit currents with increased Cu2O deposition.展开更多
Introduction The use of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>（scCO<sub>2</sub>） has provided a ’clean’ and effective alternative to traditional methods of protein delive...Introduction The use of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>（scCO<sub>2</sub>） has provided a ’clean’ and effective alternative to traditional methods of protein delivery systems.Here。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11174137,11474215 and 21204058the Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK20130284the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Titanium dioxide （TiO2） loaded tungsten trioxide （WO3） composite films are prepared by an E-beam vapor system. Associated with the existence of a heterojunction at the interface of TiO2 and WO3, the prepared TiO2-WO3 composite film shows enhanced photocurrent density, four times than the pure WO3 film illuminated under xenon lamp, and higher incident-photon-to-current conversion e^ciency. By varying the initial TiO2 film thickness, such composite structures could be optimized to obtain the highest photocurrent density. We believe that thin TiO2 films improve the light response and increase the surface roughness of WO3 films. Furthermore, the existence of the heterojunction results in the e^cient charge carriers＇ separation, transfer process, and a lower recombination of electron-hole pairs, which is beneficial for the enhancement of photocurrent density.
基金supported by the Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering,Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology.
文摘The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To solve this problem, this study synthesized a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and steel slag nanocomposites (SSNC) at a 1:2 mass ratio to create a robust photocatalyst for the treatment of synthetic wastewater. The efficacy of this catalyst in degrading various dye pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), was tested under simulated solar light conditions. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, crystalline structure, energy gap, and point of zero charge of the composite. The TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst exhibited excellent stability, with a point of zero charge at 8.342 and an energy gap of 2.4 eV. The degradation process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization of operational parameters was achieved through the response surface methodology. Reusability tests demonstrated that the TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst effectively degraded up to 93.41% of MB in the suspended mode and 92.03% in the coated mode after five cycles. Additionally, the degradation efficiencies for various dyes were significant, highlighting the potential of the composite for broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment. This study also explored the degradation mechanisms and identified byproducts, establishing a pathway for contaminant breakdown. The cost-benefit analysis revealed a total cost of 0.842 8 USD per cubic meter for each treatment activity, indicating low operational and production costs. These findings underscore the promise of the TiO2-SSNC composite as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wastewater purification.
基金support from the European Union Horizon 2020 program(project HERMES,nr.952184)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic for supporting CEMNAT(LM2023037)+1 种基金Czech-NanoLab(LM2023051)infrastructures for providing ALD,SEM,EDX,XPS,TEM,and XRDCzech Science Foundation(project 23-08019X,EXPRO).
文摘Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers(TNT)and ruthenium(Ru)species comprising of both single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H*desorption.Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8-0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers,and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized.A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high-resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti^(3+)states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs.With insights from literature,the role of Ti^(3+),appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru,and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified.The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec^(-1) of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s^(-1) at 30 mV.Besides,a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.
基金supported by the National Mega-Project of Science and Technology of China (No.2008ZX07421-002)the International Cooperation Project of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2007DFR90050)
文摘MnO2-10aded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH and the coexistent ions on the adsorption were investigated. Experimental results showed that with the adsorbent dosage more than 0.6 g/L, both Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ were simultaneously removed at pH range 5-6. Except for HPO4^2-, the high concentration coexistent ions such as Na^＋, K^＋, Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2- and HCO3^-, showed no significant effect on the removal efficiency of both Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ under the experimental conditions. The coexistence of Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋ caused the reduction of Cd^2＋ removal, but not for Pb^2＋. The adsorption equilibrium for Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ could be excellently described by the Langmuir isotherm model with R^2 〉 0.99. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 80.64 mg/g for Pb^2＋ and 21.45 mg/g for Cd^2＋. The adsorption processes followed the pseudo first-order kinetics model. MnO2-loaded D301 resin has been shown to have a potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.
基金the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No.2009CB220004)the Shanghai Basic Research Key Project (08JC1411300,0952nm01800)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2009 AA063003)Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science and Technology Development Foundation for financial support
文摘Copper and titanium remain relatively plentiful in earth crust.Therefore,using them in solar energy conversion technologies are of significant interest.In this work,cuprous oxide（Cu2O）-modified short TiO2 nanotube array electrode was prepared based on the following two design ideas:first,the short titania nanotubes obtained from sonoelectrochemical anodization possess excellent charge separation and transportation properties as well as desirable mechanical stability;second,the sonoelectrochemical deposition technique favours the improvement in the combination between Cu2O and TiO2 nanotubes,and favours the dispersion of Cu2O particles.UV-Vis absorption and photo-electronchemical measurements proved that the Cu2O coating extended the visible spectrum absorption and the solar spectrum-induced photocurrent response.Under AM1.5 irradiation,the photocurrent density of the composite electrode（i.e.sonoelectrochemical deposition for 5 min） was more than 4.75 times as high as the pure nanotube electrode.Comparing the photoactivity of the Cu2O/TiO2 electrode obtained using sonoelectrochemical deposition with others that synthesized using plain electrochemical deposition,the photocurrent density of the former electrode was 2.2 times higher than that of the latter when biased at 1.0 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）.The reproducible photocurrent response under intermittent illumination demonstrated the excellent stability of the composite electrode.Such kind of composite electrode material will have many potential applications in solar cell and other fields.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51175363)the Youth Staff Fund of Taiyuan University of Technology(Nos.K201016,K201013)+1 种基金the Specialized Fund for Innovative of College Students of Taiyuan City(No.09122018)the Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT0972)
文摘TiO2 nanotube （TNT） arrays were fabricated by anodic oxidation of titanium foil in a fluoride- based solution, on which Cu20 particles were loaded via galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition in cupric acetate solutions in the absence of any other additives. The structure and optical properties of Cu2O-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays （Cu2O-TNTs） were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and UV-Vis absorption, and the photoelectrochemical performance was measured using an electrochemical work station with a three-electrode configuration. The results show that the Cu2O particles distribute uniformly on the highly ordered anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays. The morphologies of Cu2O crystals change from branched, truncated octahedrons to dispersive single octahedrons with increasing deposition current densities. The Cu2O- TNTs exhibited remarkable visible light responses with obvious visible light absorption and greatly enhanced visible light photoelectrochemical performance. The I-V characteristics under visible light irradiation show a distinct plateau in the region between approximately -0.3 and 0 V, resulting in higher open-circuit voltages and larger short-circuit currents with increased Cu2O deposition.
文摘Introduction The use of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>（scCO<sub>2</sub>） has provided a ’clean’ and effective alternative to traditional methods of protein delivery systems.Here。
