The influence of hot-deformation on the microstructure,crystalline orientation,and texture evolution of Ti6Al4V-5Cu,an antibacterial(α+β)titanium alloy,was investigated.The alloy was deformed using a hot rolling pro...The influence of hot-deformation on the microstructure,crystalline orientation,and texture evolution of Ti6Al4V-5Cu,an antibacterial(α+β)titanium alloy,was investigated.The alloy was deformed using a hot rolling process in 15%,58%,and 73%thickness reduction ratios.It was found that the basal<α→>and pyramidal<c→+α→>type slip planes could be activated in theαphase,which dominated the deformation behavior of Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy.Under various deformation conditions,the alloy revealed different microstructure features.On the 15%hot rolled alloy,the deformation was performed by the breakdown of priorβgrain boundaries(GBβ),which was attributed to the formation of coarseαgrains,rotated nearly 45°with respect to the transversal and rolling directions.The presence of different sub-structure geometries made the interior grain size distribution heterogeneous.On the 58%hot rolled alloy,Ti2Cu intermetallic compound was found at theα/βinterface.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigation showed the occurrence of grain rotation in different crystallographic directions.At room temperature,the percentage elongation(El)of the alloy reached 23.15%on the 58%hot rolled sample.On the 73%deformed alloy,refined and randomly oriented characteristics of grains were obtained due to higher thickness reduction,which resulted from the segregation of very fine granules.The influence of grain rotation during a hot rolling process revealed that theα/βtexture fiber separation angle to maintain the Burger orientation relationship of{0001}α//{110}βplanes decreased with increase of the thickness reduction ratio when Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy was deformed by a hot rolling mechanism.Activation of tensile{1012}<1011>and compressive{1122}<1123>twins on the deformation of the alloy was also studied.展开更多
The Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy was reported to show good antibacterial properties, which was promising to reduce the hazard of the bacterial infection problem. For the purpose of preparing Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy with satisfied compre...The Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy was reported to show good antibacterial properties, which was promising to reduce the hazard of the bacterial infection problem. For the purpose of preparing Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy with satisfied comprehensive properties, it’s important to study the heat treatment and the appropriate Cu content of the alloy. In this study, high Cu content Ti6Al4V-x Cu(x = 4.5, 6, 7.5 wt%) alloys were prepared, and firstly the annealing heat treatments were optimized in the α+β+Ti2Cu triple phase region to obtain satisfied tensile mechanical properties. Then the effect of Cu content on the tribological property, corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the Ti6Al4 V-x Cu alloys were systematically studied to obtain the appropriate Cu content. The results showed that the optimal annealing temperatures for Ti6Al4 V-x Cu(x = 4.5, 6, 7.5 wt%) alloys were 720, 740 and 760℃, respectively, which was resulted from the proper volume fractions of α,β and Ti2Cu phases in the microstructure. The additions of 4.5 wt% and 6 wt% Cu into the medical Ti6Al4 V alloy could enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy, but the addition of 7.5 wt% Cu showed an opposite effect. With the increase of the Cu content, the antibacterial property was enhanced due to the increased volume fraction of Ti2Cu phase in the microstructure, but when the Cu content was increased to 7.5 wt%, cytotoxicity was presented. A medium Cu content of 6 wt%, with annealing temperature of 740℃ make the alloy possesses the best comprehensive properties of tensile properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, antibacterial property and biocompatibility, which is promising for future medical applications.展开更多
The aim of this work was to study the cytotoxicity of Ti–6 Al–4 V–5 Cu(TC4–Cu)alloy for dental applications and evaluate the cell viability of diff erent fabricated TC4–Cu alloys in contact with MC3 T3-E1 cells i...The aim of this work was to study the cytotoxicity of Ti–6 Al–4 V–5 Cu(TC4–Cu)alloy for dental applications and evaluate the cell viability of diff erent fabricated TC4–Cu alloys in contact with MC3 T3-E1 cells in vitro.Ti–6 Al–4 V(TC4)alloy was used as a negative control to evaluate the cytotoxicity level of TC4–Cu alloy so as to provide basic support for the dental clinical application.Control group TC4 and experimental group TC4–Cu with diff erent fabrications were incubated in the cell culture medium.The absorbance value of mouse osteoblast MC3 T3-E1 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay after 1,3 and 7 days,respectively.The relative proliferation rate of cells was calculated,and then the toxicity level was valued for each group.Cell morphology on the surface was also studied by observing the cytoskeleton through F-actin filament staining.The experimental results showed that the absorbance values for the experimental and the negative control groups were not same at diff erent time points.Compared with diff erent fabricated TC4–Cu alloys,the annealing-TC4–Cu alloy showed much better biocompatibility.The mouse osteoblast MC3 T3-E1 cells cultured with annealing-TC4–Cu,rolling-TC4–Cu and solution+aging-TC4–Cu have no toxic eff ects,and these alloys could promote the proliferation of mouse osteoblasts.展开更多
Ti6Al4V3Cu alloy is a promising biomaterial for combating implant-related infection.However,the antibacterial property of Ti6Al4V3Cu is expected to be enhanced due to the low content of Cu element in titanium.To addre...Ti6Al4V3Cu alloy is a promising biomaterial for combating implant-related infection.However,the antibacterial property of Ti6Al4V3Cu is expected to be enhanced due to the low content of Cu element in titanium.To address this issue,the antibacterial property of Ti6Al4V3Cu was tailored by the grooves with different groove widths(30μm,60μm,and 90μm)that were constructed on the surface of the Ti6Al4V3Cu by selective laser melting.The effect of grooves on corrosion resistance,antibacterial property,and cytocompatibility was investigated.The electrochemical tests showed that the corrosion resistance decreased with increasing groove width.The antibacterial tests indicated that the groove with a width of 30μm and 90μm groups showed better antibacterial activity against S.aureus(>90%)compared with the groove with a width of 60μm.The in vitro study suggested that all samples with different grooves were found to exhibit good cytocompatibility with osteoblast cells.It is considered that creating grooves on Ti6Al4V3Cu by selective laser melting is a promising strategy to enhance the antibacterial activity without sacrificing cytocompatibility.展开更多
Explosive welding technique is widely used in many industries.This technique is useful to weld different kinds of metal alloys that are not easily welded by any other welding methods.Interlayer plays an important role...Explosive welding technique is widely used in many industries.This technique is useful to weld different kinds of metal alloys that are not easily welded by any other welding methods.Interlayer plays an important role to improve the welding quality and control energy loss during the collision process.In this paper,the Ti6Al4V plate was welded with a copper plate in the presence of a commercially pure titanium interlayer.Microstructure details of welded composite plate were observed through optical and scanning electron microscope.Interlayer-base plate interface morphology showed a wavy structure with solid melted regions inside the vortices.Moreover,the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the interlayer-base interface reveals that there are some identified regions of different kinds of chemical equilibrium phases of CueTi,i.e.CuTi,Cu_(2)Ti,CuTi_(2),Cu_(4)Ti,etc.To study the mechanical properties of composite plates,mechanical tests were conducted,including the tensile test,bending test,shear test and Vickers hardness test.Numerical simulation of explosive welding process was performed with coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic method,Euler and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method.The multi-physics process of explosive welding,including detonation,jetting and interface morphology,was observed with simulation.Moreover,simulated plastic strain,temperature and pressure profiles were analysed to understand the welding conditions.Simulated results show that the interlayer base plate interface was created due to the high plastic deformation and localized melting of the parent plates.At the collision point,both alloys behave like fluids,resulting in the formation of a wavy morphology with vortices,which is in good agreement with the experimental results.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51631009)the authors acknowledge the CAS-TWAS presidential scholarship program.
文摘The influence of hot-deformation on the microstructure,crystalline orientation,and texture evolution of Ti6Al4V-5Cu,an antibacterial(α+β)titanium alloy,was investigated.The alloy was deformed using a hot rolling process in 15%,58%,and 73%thickness reduction ratios.It was found that the basal<α→>and pyramidal<c→+α→>type slip planes could be activated in theαphase,which dominated the deformation behavior of Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy.Under various deformation conditions,the alloy revealed different microstructure features.On the 15%hot rolled alloy,the deformation was performed by the breakdown of priorβgrain boundaries(GBβ),which was attributed to the formation of coarseαgrains,rotated nearly 45°with respect to the transversal and rolling directions.The presence of different sub-structure geometries made the interior grain size distribution heterogeneous.On the 58%hot rolled alloy,Ti2Cu intermetallic compound was found at theα/βinterface.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigation showed the occurrence of grain rotation in different crystallographic directions.At room temperature,the percentage elongation(El)of the alloy reached 23.15%on the 58%hot rolled sample.On the 73%deformed alloy,refined and randomly oriented characteristics of grains were obtained due to higher thickness reduction,which resulted from the segregation of very fine granules.The influence of grain rotation during a hot rolling process revealed that theα/βtexture fiber separation angle to maintain the Burger orientation relationship of{0001}α//{110}βplanes decreased with increase of the thickness reduction ratio when Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy was deformed by a hot rolling mechanism.Activation of tensile{1012}<1011>and compressive{1122}<1123>twins on the deformation of the alloy was also studied.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2018YFC1106600 and 2016YFC1100600)the Innovation Fund Project of Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2017-ZD01)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 51631009 and 51811530320)Key Projects for Foreign Cooperation of Bureau of International Cooperation Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 174321KYSB2018000)
文摘The Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy was reported to show good antibacterial properties, which was promising to reduce the hazard of the bacterial infection problem. For the purpose of preparing Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy with satisfied comprehensive properties, it’s important to study the heat treatment and the appropriate Cu content of the alloy. In this study, high Cu content Ti6Al4V-x Cu(x = 4.5, 6, 7.5 wt%) alloys were prepared, and firstly the annealing heat treatments were optimized in the α+β+Ti2Cu triple phase region to obtain satisfied tensile mechanical properties. Then the effect of Cu content on the tribological property, corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the Ti6Al4 V-x Cu alloys were systematically studied to obtain the appropriate Cu content. The results showed that the optimal annealing temperatures for Ti6Al4 V-x Cu(x = 4.5, 6, 7.5 wt%) alloys were 720, 740 and 760℃, respectively, which was resulted from the proper volume fractions of α,β and Ti2Cu phases in the microstructure. The additions of 4.5 wt% and 6 wt% Cu into the medical Ti6Al4 V alloy could enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy, but the addition of 7.5 wt% Cu showed an opposite effect. With the increase of the Cu content, the antibacterial property was enhanced due to the increased volume fraction of Ti2Cu phase in the microstructure, but when the Cu content was increased to 7.5 wt%, cytotoxicity was presented. A medium Cu content of 6 wt%, with annealing temperature of 740℃ make the alloy possesses the best comprehensive properties of tensile properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, antibacterial property and biocompatibility, which is promising for future medical applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51631009)。
文摘The aim of this work was to study the cytotoxicity of Ti–6 Al–4 V–5 Cu(TC4–Cu)alloy for dental applications and evaluate the cell viability of diff erent fabricated TC4–Cu alloys in contact with MC3 T3-E1 cells in vitro.Ti–6 Al–4 V(TC4)alloy was used as a negative control to evaluate the cytotoxicity level of TC4–Cu alloy so as to provide basic support for the dental clinical application.Control group TC4 and experimental group TC4–Cu with diff erent fabrications were incubated in the cell culture medium.The absorbance value of mouse osteoblast MC3 T3-E1 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay after 1,3 and 7 days,respectively.The relative proliferation rate of cells was calculated,and then the toxicity level was valued for each group.Cell morphology on the surface was also studied by observing the cytoskeleton through F-actin filament staining.The experimental results showed that the absorbance values for the experimental and the negative control groups were not same at diff erent time points.Compared with diff erent fabricated TC4–Cu alloys,the annealing-TC4–Cu alloy showed much better biocompatibility.The mouse osteoblast MC3 T3-E1 cells cultured with annealing-TC4–Cu,rolling-TC4–Cu and solution+aging-TC4–Cu have no toxic eff ects,and these alloys could promote the proliferation of mouse osteoblasts.
基金the study and collection,analysis,and interpretation of data were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801198)the Funds of Scientific and Technological Plan of Fujian Province(Nos.2020Y9064,2020Y0083 and 2020L3026)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(No.2021ZZ111).
文摘Ti6Al4V3Cu alloy is a promising biomaterial for combating implant-related infection.However,the antibacterial property of Ti6Al4V3Cu is expected to be enhanced due to the low content of Cu element in titanium.To address this issue,the antibacterial property of Ti6Al4V3Cu was tailored by the grooves with different groove widths(30μm,60μm,and 90μm)that were constructed on the surface of the Ti6Al4V3Cu by selective laser melting.The effect of grooves on corrosion resistance,antibacterial property,and cytocompatibility was investigated.The electrochemical tests showed that the corrosion resistance decreased with increasing groove width.The antibacterial tests indicated that the groove with a width of 30μm and 90μm groups showed better antibacterial activity against S.aureus(>90%)compared with the groove with a width of 60μm.The in vitro study suggested that all samples with different grooves were found to exhibit good cytocompatibility with osteoblast cells.It is considered that creating grooves on Ti6Al4V3Cu by selective laser melting is a promising strategy to enhance the antibacterial activity without sacrificing cytocompatibility.
文摘Explosive welding technique is widely used in many industries.This technique is useful to weld different kinds of metal alloys that are not easily welded by any other welding methods.Interlayer plays an important role to improve the welding quality and control energy loss during the collision process.In this paper,the Ti6Al4V plate was welded with a copper plate in the presence of a commercially pure titanium interlayer.Microstructure details of welded composite plate were observed through optical and scanning electron microscope.Interlayer-base plate interface morphology showed a wavy structure with solid melted regions inside the vortices.Moreover,the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the interlayer-base interface reveals that there are some identified regions of different kinds of chemical equilibrium phases of CueTi,i.e.CuTi,Cu_(2)Ti,CuTi_(2),Cu_(4)Ti,etc.To study the mechanical properties of composite plates,mechanical tests were conducted,including the tensile test,bending test,shear test and Vickers hardness test.Numerical simulation of explosive welding process was performed with coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic method,Euler and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method.The multi-physics process of explosive welding,including detonation,jetting and interface morphology,was observed with simulation.Moreover,simulated plastic strain,temperature and pressure profiles were analysed to understand the welding conditions.Simulated results show that the interlayer base plate interface was created due to the high plastic deformation and localized melting of the parent plates.At the collision point,both alloys behave like fluids,resulting in the formation of a wavy morphology with vortices,which is in good agreement with the experimental results.
