3D digital design for cranes’ structures based on hybrid software architecture of Client/Server and Browser/Server is introduced in this paper. Based on Pro/ENGINEER platform,3D parametric model family is built to al...3D digital design for cranes’ structures based on hybrid software architecture of Client/Server and Browser/Server is introduced in this paper. Based on Pro/ENGINEER platform,3D parametric model family is built to allow generation of feasible configurations of cranes’ structures in Client/Server framework. Taking use of Visual C++,the second exploiting software kit provided by Pro/ENGINEER and ANSYS GUI/APDL modeling patterns,an integration method of 3D CAD and CAE is achieved,which includes regeneration of 3D parametric model,synchronous updating and analysis of FEA model. As in Browser/Server framework,the 3D CAD models of parts,components and the whole structure could also be displayed in the customer’s browser in VRML format.展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)as the foremost stumbling block to generate cost-effective clean fuels has received extensive attention in recent years.But,it still maintains the challenge to manipulate the geometric an...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)as the foremost stumbling block to generate cost-effective clean fuels has received extensive attention in recent years.But,it still maintains the challenge to manipulate the geometric and electronic structure during single reaction process under the same conditions.Herein,we report a simple self-template strategy to generate honeycomb-like Ni_(2)P/N,P-C hybrids with preferred electronic architecture.Experiments coupled with theoretical results revealed that the synthesized catalyst has two characteristics:firstly,the unique honeycomb-like morphology not only enables the fully utilization of catalytic active sites but also optimizes the mass/electron transportation pathway,which favor the diffusion of electrolyte to accessible active sites.Secondly,N,P-C substrate,on the one hand,largely contributes the electronic distribution near Fermi level(E_(F))thus boosting its electrical conductivity.On the other hand,the support effect result in the upshift of d-band center and electropositivity of Ni sites,which attenuates the energy barrier for the adsorption of OH~àand the formation of*OOH.In consequence,the optimized Ni_(2)P/N,P-C catalysts feature high electrocatalytic activity towards OER(a low overpotential of 252 m V to achieve10 m A cm^(-2))and 10 h long-term stability,the outstanding performance is comparable to most of transition metal catalysts.This work gives a innovative tactics for contriving original OER electrocatalysts,inspirng deeper understanding of fabricating catalysts by combining theoretical simulation and experiment design.展开更多
Iranian traditional architecture can be identified in many of its old famous buildings in the country. The principles and specifications in these buildings show the intelligence of implemented techniques that make the...Iranian traditional architecture can be identified in many of its old famous buildings in the country. The principles and specifications in these buildings show the intelligence of implemented techniques that make them remain sustainable and energy efficient. Thus, it is important to explore the traditional structures and architectural technologies in order to understand the reasons for this sustainability toward the new methods in modern architecture. Many of historical buildings in Iran have remained standing after many years and they show the deep wisdom of their architects. The purpose of this article is studying the various aspects of traditional structure and integration between this well-oriented structure and architecture towards energy efficient sustainable buildings. For reaching this goal, we refer to Tekye-Amir-Chakhmagh in Yazd as our case study, which is one of the most important and noticeable examples of Iranian traditional architecture. By introducing Amir-Chakhmagh Complex, we analyzed the specifications and fundamental elements that played an important role in stability and sustainability of Tekye-Amir-Chakhmagh and thereafter, we assessed the technologies that were used intelligently and intricately in this historical building. In this research, information is collected with field study and library resources. Finally, qualities and characteristics of the structure are studied by drawings and structural analysis and as conclusion, the suggestions and guidelines are presented.展开更多
Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial...Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial for acquiring stable NiSe2-based materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),Herein,a stress dissipation strategy driven by architecture engineering is proposed,which can achieve ultrafast and ultralong sodium storage properties.Different from the conventional sphere-like or rod-like architecture,the three-dimensional(3D)flower-like NiSe_(2)@C composite is delicately designed and assembled with onedimensional nanorods and carbon framework.More importantly,the fundamental mechanism of improved structure stability is unveiled by simulations and experimental results simultaneously.It demonstrates that this designed multidimensional flower-like architecture with dispersed nanorods can balance the structural mismatch,avoid concentrated local strain,and relax the internal stress,mainly induced by the unavoidable volume variation during the repeated conversion processes.Moreover,it can provide more Na^(+)-storage sites and multi-directional migration pathways,leading to a fast Na^(+)-migration channel with boosted reaction kinetic.As expected,it delivers superior rate performance(441 mA h g^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(563 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)over 1000 cycles)for SIBs.This work provides useful insights for designing high-performance conversion-based anode materials for SIBs.展开更多
Exploiting high-performance absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is urgently desired yet challenging for minimizing secondary electromagnetic radiation pollution.Herein,a nickel(Ni...Exploiting high-performance absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is urgently desired yet challenging for minimizing secondary electromagnetic radiation pollution.Herein,a nickel(Ni)shell was in-situ grown on a copper nanowires(CuNWs)core to greatly improve the stability of CuNWs,while maintaining excellent electrical conductivity.Afterward,Ni nanowires/Ni@Cu nanowires/graphite paper/waterborne polyurethane(NiNWs/Ni@CuNWs/graphite paper/WPU,n Ni-m Ni@Cu-G)composite foams with the multilayered gradient architectures were fabricated by a facile multi-step freeze-casting method.In the resultant composite foams,the lowly conductive porous NiNWs/WPU layer plays a role as the impedance matching layer,the moderately conductive porous Ni@CuNWs/WPU layer acts as the transition layer,and the highly conductive graphite paper layer serves as the reflection layer.Arising from the rational layout of multilayered gradient magnetic-electrical networks,n Ni-m Ni@Cu-G foam holds the superior averaged total EMI shielding effectiveness(EMI SET)of 75.2 dB and optimal absorption coefficient(A)of 0.93 at the incident direction from NiNWs/WPU layer,suggesting the dominant absorption in EMI shielding mechanism and efficiently alleviating the secondary electromagnetic pollution.Furthermore,n Ni-m Ni@Cu-G foam also exhibits fascinating compressive properties with a compressive strength of 49.3 kPa,which is essential for its practical application.This multilayered gradient architecture design provides valuable insight into high-efficiently constructing absorption-dominant EMI shielding composites.展开更多
1|Introduction Metamaterials are artificially engineered systems in which the geometry and arrangement of designed unit cells give rise to effective properties that are not available in natural materials.Intelligent m...1|Introduction Metamaterials are artificially engineered systems in which the geometry and arrangement of designed unit cells give rise to effective properties that are not available in natural materials.Intelligent metamaterials extend this concept by integrating stimulus-responsive materials with programmable architectures,thereby creating functional matter that blurs the conventional boundary between materials and structures and enables dynamic,adaptive,and reconfigurable functionalities.These systems can respond to diverse stimuli such as thermal,electrical,optical,magnetic,and mechanical inputs,and convert them into tunable shape change,adaptive mechanical/optical responses,and other reconfigurable functionalities[1–5].Through this synergy,they acquire lifelike and emergent behaviors,making them attractive platforms for next-generation applications in soft robotics,bioengineering,information encryption,and mechanical computation.展开更多
The recent establishment of a digital culture and society, together with current financial crisis and urgent energetic and climatic needs, has radically changed the architectural scene from the optimism of some years ...The recent establishment of a digital culture and society, together with current financial crisis and urgent energetic and climatic needs, has radically changed the architectural scene from the optimism of some years ago to a situation of uncertainty and huge social demands and challenges. In this context, it is suggested to rethink the role of structure in architecture, such as an enabler, a guide and a catalyst. The purpose of this paper is to present the economic, cultural and social context in which architecture develops nowadays. The method, to suggest a discussion on which role the structure may adopt in the architecture to come. The achievement, to highlight its potential to face current requirements and challenges.展开更多
Rapid and stable development of the construction industry has promoted the production of all kinds of new technology, including BIM technology as a new construction technology method, application in the process of bui...Rapid and stable development of the construction industry has promoted the production of all kinds of new technology, including BIM technology as a new construction technology method, application in the process of building structural design, to improve the efficiency of design, access to the building of the key parts of the data and information, and to integrate these information, construct the special building information model, Make it as an important reference for building construction work. By CAD technology and the perfect fusion of BIM technology application in the process of building structure design and planning, to guarantee the overall effect of the structure design, but at the same time, need to be in the process of the application of BIM technology, for design staff to grasp the main points of the application of BIM technology, understand the advantage of the BIM technology application, Let BIM technology application in the process of building engineering design play a good role. This paper studies this, discusses the connotation and specific characteristics of BIM technology, analyzes the application practice of BIM technology in architectural structure design, and hopes to improve the application level of BIM technology.展开更多
Based on inspecting and investigating the situation of biological hazards of ancient architecture such as north-south building,Fuxi temple and Yuquan Temple,the disease kinds,their damaging ranges and hazard degrees w...Based on inspecting and investigating the situation of biological hazards of ancient architecture such as north-south building,Fuxi temple and Yuquan Temple,the disease kinds,their damaging ranges and hazard degrees were recorded.The results showed that timber structures had some problems such as colored drawing of purlin post,Fang,bucket arches had fallen off;rot,infesting,color spot,sediments on the surface,rupture,warp,breeding plant etc.展开更多
With the purpose of enhancing effective collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the building design field, an integration tool was developed for supporting information exchange from architectural ...With the purpose of enhancing effective collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the building design field, an integration tool was developed for supporting information exchange from architectural model to structural model. The PKPM （Bopomofo acronym, a Chinese building design software） structural model and an industry foundation classes （IFC） data model were adopted and analyzed to design the framework of the integration tool. The technique of mixed program languages （C＋＋ and FORTRAN） was applied to developing the tool software, and the connectivity relationships and intersection nodes between the structural elements were optimized and simplified. A case study was implemented to illustrate the method to use the integration tool for information exchange from IFC-format architectural model to PKPM structural model. The results show that the tool can extract the information of architectural model and form a corresponding structural model. The presented method can help to enhance the modeline efficiency at the structural design phase.展开更多
This paper, for the first time, deals with a more systematic study of the structures in the Bohai petroliferous area that covers nearly one third of the Bohai Bay basin. The study mainly involves the effects of preexi...This paper, for the first time, deals with a more systematic study of the structures in the Bohai petroliferous area that covers nearly one third of the Bohai Bay basin. The study mainly involves the effects of preexisting basement faults on the basin formation, the characteristics of basin geometry and kinetics, the modelling of the tectonic-thermal history, the polycyclicity and heterogeneity in the structural evolution and the natural seismic tomographic images of the crust and upper mantle. The authors analyze the features of the dynamic evolution of the basin in the paper and point out that the basin in the Bohai petroliferous area is an extensional pull-apart basin.展开更多
Reactions of NaAcebiim （NaAcebiim = 1-acetic acid-2, 2＇-biimidazote monoso- dium salt） and cadmium or zinc nitrate produce two supramolecular architectures, namely, 1D [Cd（Acebiim）（NO3）（H20）]n （1） and 0D [Z...Reactions of NaAcebiim （NaAcebiim = 1-acetic acid-2, 2＇-biimidazote monoso- dium salt） and cadmium or zinc nitrate produce two supramolecular architectures, namely, 1D [Cd（Acebiim）（NO3）（H20）]n （1） and 0D [Zn（Acebiim）2（H20）2]＇2H20 （2） in acidic aqueous solutions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group Pi, and 2 is of monoclinic system, space group P2 1/n. In 1, two nitrate groups link two Cd（Ⅱ） ions forming [Cd2（NO3）2（H20）2] as secondary building units that are interconnected by the Acebiim ligand into an infinite ladder. In2, the hydrogen-bonded synthon R22（16） between the N-H moieties and carboxylic acid link [Zn（Acebiim）2（H20）2], generating a 1D-extended ribbon. Moreover, hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions further stabilize the 3D supramolecular architecture.展开更多
Electromagnetic wave absorber is critical for reducing increasingly serious electromagnetic wave pollu-tion,however,the development of lightweight and broadband microwave absorbers remains a pressing challenge.We repo...Electromagnetic wave absorber is critical for reducing increasingly serious electromagnetic wave pollu-tion,however,the development of lightweight and broadband microwave absorbers remains a pressing challenge.We report here the rational design and synthesis of N-doped Ni@SiO_(2)/graphene composite con-structed from 3D interconnected porous graphene network and Ni@SiO_(2) core-shell architecture,which fulfills lightweight and broadband requirements while exhibiting highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption.The porous graphene network,functioning both as lightweight support and dielectric medi-ator,was synthesized via NaCl template-assisted high-temperature calcination method.Upon uniformly attached with core-shell Ni@SiO_(2) on the surface,the resulting abundant heterogeneous interfaces con-structed by graphene-Ni and Ni-SiO_(2) strongly reinforce polarization loss.The presence of low dielectric SiO_(2) allows facile tuning of the complex permittivity of ternary composite by adjusting coating thick-ness to balance the attenuation ability and impedance matching.Moreover,further N-doping of graphene assists in the optimization of dielectric loss ability.Taking account of the advantages arising from the porous hierarchical architecture,multiple absorption centers and diverse interfaces,the lightweight com-posite exhibits an ultra-strong reflection loss(RL)value of-71.13 dB at 13.76 GHz with a thickness of 2.46 mm and broad effective absorption bandwidth of 7.04 GHz at a low filler content of 15 wt.%.More importantly,the effective absorption range covers 13.28 GHz(4.72-18 GHz)with the optimized thickness of 1.6-5 mm,representing 83%of the whole range of frequencies.Our results demonstrate that the novel 3D porous N-doped Ni@SiO_(2)/graphene network with hierarchical architecture is a promising candidate for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption.展开更多
To collect and share information of projects or products and make it consistent and correct so that the quality and costs of projects can be effectively controlled,an integrative project architecture integrating diffe...To collect and share information of projects or products and make it consistent and correct so that the quality and costs of projects can be effectively controlled,an integrative project architecture integrating different types of breakdown structures is necessary.In this paper,the international research status on work breakdown structure(WBS)was analyzed,and an integrative project architecture for commercial aero-engines was designed,where product breakdown structure(PBS),WBS,organization breakdown structure(OBS)and cost breakdown structure(CBS)were integrated and built.And the architecture was applied in information systems.A transfer from technological views of complex products through their lifecycles to management views has been realized with this standardized architecture,thus development tasks and costs can be controlled.展开更多
An unusual two-dimensional supramolecular complex, namely, [Cd2（Cl）4（L）2]（1）, has been synthesized by 2-（1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl）phenol（L） and CdCl2·2.5H2O under hydrothermal conditio...An unusual two-dimensional supramolecular complex, namely, [Cd2（Cl）4（L）2]（1）, has been synthesized by 2-（1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl）phenol（L） and CdCl2·2.5H2O under hydrothermal conditions. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 10.151（2）, b = 14.119（3）, c = 14.744（3） ？, α = 115.744（4）, β = 108.063（4）, γ = 93.371（4）o, V = 1762.7（7） A°^3, Z = 2, C（38）H（24）Cd2Cl4N8O2, Mr = 991.25, Dc = 1.868 g/cm^3, F（000） = 976, μ（Mo Ka） = 1.560 mm^-1, R = 0.0639 and w R = 0.1307. In 1, two Cd（II） atoms are bridged by two chroline atoms to give a dimer. Neighboring dimers are linked by N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds to afford supramolecular chains, which are further joined together by π-π interactions to result in a supramolecular layer. In addition, luminescent property and thermal behavior of compound 1 have been studied.展开更多
A novel Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [CdCI（Hpc）H2O]n （1, H2pc = 1H-pyrazole-3- carboxylic acid）, was synthesized by the reaction of CdCl2·2.5H2O with H2pc, and structurally characterized by IR spectrum, UV-...A novel Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [CdCI（Hpc）H2O]n （1, H2pc = 1H-pyrazole-3- carboxylic acid）, was synthesized by the reaction of CdCl2·2.5H2O with H2pc, and structurally characterized by IR spectrum, UV-Vis spectrum, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as thermal analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, P21/n space group with α = 7.0304（3）, b = 10.3047（3）, c = 10.6446（4） A, β= 107.174（4）°, F = 736.78（5） A^3, Z = 4, C4HsCdClN2O3, Mr = 276.95, Dc = 2.497 g/cm%3, F（000） = 528.0,μ= 3.281 mm^-1, R = 0.0169 and wR = 0.0387. The central metals adopt distorted octahedral geometry. Carboxyl groups of the ligand connect Cd（Ⅱ） into a one-dimensional chain, which further constructs a two-dimensional network by halogen bridging. Such two-dimensional structures are finally connected into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture due to the hydrogen bonds and intermolecular π…π interactions. In addition, complex 1 has high thermal stability.展开更多
Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation ha...Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity relationships.Empirical evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of detail.To address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern Germany.Methods:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to 4.We applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high accuracy.We evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping crowns.Results and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target trees.Moreover,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBH<40 cm)trees.In our analysis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the outcome.For scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions occur.Because local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.展开更多
Under the requirement of everything over IP, network service shows the following characteristics:(1) network service increases its richness;(2) broadband streaming media becomes the mainstream. To achieve unified mult...Under the requirement of everything over IP, network service shows the following characteristics:(1) network service increases its richness;(2) broadband streaming media becomes the mainstream. To achieve unified multi-service bearing in the IP network, the largescale access convergence network architecture is proposed. This flat access convergence structure with ultra-small hops, which shortens the service transmission path, reduces the complexity of the edge of the network, and achieves IP strong waist model with the integration of computation, storage and transmission. The key technologies are also introduced in this paper, including endto-end performance guarantee for real time interactive services, fog storing mechanism, and built-in safety transmission with integration of aggregation and control.展开更多
A study has been made about the structural attribute of the NNW-trendingShizikou linear image belt in the head area of the reservoir of the Yangtze River Gorges and theevaluation of its crustal stability. On the basis...A study has been made about the structural attribute of the NNW-trendingShizikou linear image belt in the head area of the reservoir of the Yangtze River Gorges and theevaluation of its crustal stability. On the basis of regional geological surveys and by making astructural analysis and a multidisciplinary study, it has been ascertained that the segment withthe best displayed image characteristics is marked by a gravity gliding structure with a multilay-er gliding fold type architecture. This paper also analyzes the medium conditions, slope struc-ture and dynamic setting for the formation of the structure system.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project ,Project Number :T0601
文摘3D digital design for cranes’ structures based on hybrid software architecture of Client/Server and Browser/Server is introduced in this paper. Based on Pro/ENGINEER platform,3D parametric model family is built to allow generation of feasible configurations of cranes’ structures in Client/Server framework. Taking use of Visual C++,the second exploiting software kit provided by Pro/ENGINEER and ANSYS GUI/APDL modeling patterns,an integration method of 3D CAD and CAE is achieved,which includes regeneration of 3D parametric model,synchronous updating and analysis of FEA model. As in Browser/Server framework,the 3D CAD models of parts,components and the whole structure could also be displayed in the customer’s browser in VRML format.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2017ZX07402001)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for their financial support and the associated project is the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects(No.2018YFE0124600)。
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)as the foremost stumbling block to generate cost-effective clean fuels has received extensive attention in recent years.But,it still maintains the challenge to manipulate the geometric and electronic structure during single reaction process under the same conditions.Herein,we report a simple self-template strategy to generate honeycomb-like Ni_(2)P/N,P-C hybrids with preferred electronic architecture.Experiments coupled with theoretical results revealed that the synthesized catalyst has two characteristics:firstly,the unique honeycomb-like morphology not only enables the fully utilization of catalytic active sites but also optimizes the mass/electron transportation pathway,which favor the diffusion of electrolyte to accessible active sites.Secondly,N,P-C substrate,on the one hand,largely contributes the electronic distribution near Fermi level(E_(F))thus boosting its electrical conductivity.On the other hand,the support effect result in the upshift of d-band center and electropositivity of Ni sites,which attenuates the energy barrier for the adsorption of OH~àand the formation of*OOH.In consequence,the optimized Ni_(2)P/N,P-C catalysts feature high electrocatalytic activity towards OER(a low overpotential of 252 m V to achieve10 m A cm^(-2))and 10 h long-term stability,the outstanding performance is comparable to most of transition metal catalysts.This work gives a innovative tactics for contriving original OER electrocatalysts,inspirng deeper understanding of fabricating catalysts by combining theoretical simulation and experiment design.
文摘Iranian traditional architecture can be identified in many of its old famous buildings in the country. The principles and specifications in these buildings show the intelligence of implemented techniques that make them remain sustainable and energy efficient. Thus, it is important to explore the traditional structures and architectural technologies in order to understand the reasons for this sustainability toward the new methods in modern architecture. Many of historical buildings in Iran have remained standing after many years and they show the deep wisdom of their architects. The purpose of this article is studying the various aspects of traditional structure and integration between this well-oriented structure and architecture towards energy efficient sustainable buildings. For reaching this goal, we refer to Tekye-Amir-Chakhmagh in Yazd as our case study, which is one of the most important and noticeable examples of Iranian traditional architecture. By introducing Amir-Chakhmagh Complex, we analyzed the specifications and fundamental elements that played an important role in stability and sustainability of Tekye-Amir-Chakhmagh and thereafter, we assessed the technologies that were used intelligently and intricately in this historical building. In this research, information is collected with field study and library resources. Finally, qualities and characteristics of the structure are studied by drawings and structural analysis and as conclusion, the suggestions and guidelines are presented.
基金the financial support from the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(grant no.2021GXNSFDA075012,2023GXNSFGA026002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104298,22075073,52362027,52462029)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(531107051077).
文摘Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial for acquiring stable NiSe2-based materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),Herein,a stress dissipation strategy driven by architecture engineering is proposed,which can achieve ultrafast and ultralong sodium storage properties.Different from the conventional sphere-like or rod-like architecture,the three-dimensional(3D)flower-like NiSe_(2)@C composite is delicately designed and assembled with onedimensional nanorods and carbon framework.More importantly,the fundamental mechanism of improved structure stability is unveiled by simulations and experimental results simultaneously.It demonstrates that this designed multidimensional flower-like architecture with dispersed nanorods can balance the structural mismatch,avoid concentrated local strain,and relax the internal stress,mainly induced by the unavoidable volume variation during the repeated conversion processes.Moreover,it can provide more Na^(+)-storage sites and multi-directional migration pathways,leading to a fast Na^(+)-migration channel with boosted reaction kinetic.As expected,it delivers superior rate performance(441 mA h g^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(563 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)over 1000 cycles)for SIBs.This work provides useful insights for designing high-performance conversion-based anode materials for SIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52363004,51963003,and 52263003)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.ZK[2022]Maj019).
文摘Exploiting high-performance absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is urgently desired yet challenging for minimizing secondary electromagnetic radiation pollution.Herein,a nickel(Ni)shell was in-situ grown on a copper nanowires(CuNWs)core to greatly improve the stability of CuNWs,while maintaining excellent electrical conductivity.Afterward,Ni nanowires/Ni@Cu nanowires/graphite paper/waterborne polyurethane(NiNWs/Ni@CuNWs/graphite paper/WPU,n Ni-m Ni@Cu-G)composite foams with the multilayered gradient architectures were fabricated by a facile multi-step freeze-casting method.In the resultant composite foams,the lowly conductive porous NiNWs/WPU layer plays a role as the impedance matching layer,the moderately conductive porous Ni@CuNWs/WPU layer acts as the transition layer,and the highly conductive graphite paper layer serves as the reflection layer.Arising from the rational layout of multilayered gradient magnetic-electrical networks,n Ni-m Ni@Cu-G foam holds the superior averaged total EMI shielding effectiveness(EMI SET)of 75.2 dB and optimal absorption coefficient(A)of 0.93 at the incident direction from NiNWs/WPU layer,suggesting the dominant absorption in EMI shielding mechanism and efficiently alleviating the secondary electromagnetic pollution.Furthermore,n Ni-m Ni@Cu-G foam also exhibits fascinating compressive properties with a compressive strength of 49.3 kPa,which is essential for its practical application.This multilayered gradient architecture design provides valuable insight into high-efficiently constructing absorption-dominant EMI shielding composites.
基金supported by the National University of Singapore Presidential Young Professorship Start-Up Grant.
文摘1|Introduction Metamaterials are artificially engineered systems in which the geometry and arrangement of designed unit cells give rise to effective properties that are not available in natural materials.Intelligent metamaterials extend this concept by integrating stimulus-responsive materials with programmable architectures,thereby creating functional matter that blurs the conventional boundary between materials and structures and enables dynamic,adaptive,and reconfigurable functionalities.These systems can respond to diverse stimuli such as thermal,electrical,optical,magnetic,and mechanical inputs,and convert them into tunable shape change,adaptive mechanical/optical responses,and other reconfigurable functionalities[1–5].Through this synergy,they acquire lifelike and emergent behaviors,making them attractive platforms for next-generation applications in soft robotics,bioengineering,information encryption,and mechanical computation.
文摘The recent establishment of a digital culture and society, together with current financial crisis and urgent energetic and climatic needs, has radically changed the architectural scene from the optimism of some years ago to a situation of uncertainty and huge social demands and challenges. In this context, it is suggested to rethink the role of structure in architecture, such as an enabler, a guide and a catalyst. The purpose of this paper is to present the economic, cultural and social context in which architecture develops nowadays. The method, to suggest a discussion on which role the structure may adopt in the architecture to come. The achievement, to highlight its potential to face current requirements and challenges.
文摘Rapid and stable development of the construction industry has promoted the production of all kinds of new technology, including BIM technology as a new construction technology method, application in the process of building structural design, to improve the efficiency of design, access to the building of the key parts of the data and information, and to integrate these information, construct the special building information model, Make it as an important reference for building construction work. By CAD technology and the perfect fusion of BIM technology application in the process of building structure design and planning, to guarantee the overall effect of the structure design, but at the same time, need to be in the process of the application of BIM technology, for design staff to grasp the main points of the application of BIM technology, understand the advantage of the BIM technology application, Let BIM technology application in the process of building engineering design play a good role. This paper studies this, discusses the connotation and specific characteristics of BIM technology, analyzes the application practice of BIM technology in architectural structure design, and hopes to improve the application level of BIM technology.
文摘Based on inspecting and investigating the situation of biological hazards of ancient architecture such as north-south building,Fuxi temple and Yuquan Temple,the disease kinds,their damaging ranges and hazard degrees were recorded.The results showed that timber structures had some problems such as colored drawing of purlin post,Fang,bucket arches had fallen off;rot,infesting,color spot,sediments on the surface,rupture,warp,breeding plant etc.
基金Project(2006BAJ01B01-01) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period
文摘With the purpose of enhancing effective collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the building design field, an integration tool was developed for supporting information exchange from architectural model to structural model. The PKPM （Bopomofo acronym, a Chinese building design software） structural model and an industry foundation classes （IFC） data model were adopted and analyzed to design the framework of the integration tool. The technique of mixed program languages （C＋＋ and FORTRAN） was applied to developing the tool software, and the connectivity relationships and intersection nodes between the structural elements were optimized and simplified. A case study was implemented to illustrate the method to use the integration tool for information exchange from IFC-format architectural model to PKPM structural model. The results show that the tool can extract the information of architectural model and form a corresponding structural model. The presented method can help to enhance the modeline efficiency at the structural design phase.
文摘This paper, for the first time, deals with a more systematic study of the structures in the Bohai petroliferous area that covers nearly one third of the Bohai Bay basin. The study mainly involves the effects of preexisting basement faults on the basin formation, the characteristics of basin geometry and kinetics, the modelling of the tectonic-thermal history, the polycyclicity and heterogeneity in the structural evolution and the natural seismic tomographic images of the crust and upper mantle. The authors analyze the features of the dynamic evolution of the basin in the paper and point out that the basin in the Bohai petroliferous area is an extensional pull-apart basin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.#21003125,21073190)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2010 J01057)
文摘Reactions of NaAcebiim （NaAcebiim = 1-acetic acid-2, 2＇-biimidazote monoso- dium salt） and cadmium or zinc nitrate produce two supramolecular architectures, namely, 1D [Cd（Acebiim）（NO3）（H20）]n （1） and 0D [Zn（Acebiim）2（H20）2]＇2H20 （2） in acidic aqueous solutions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group Pi, and 2 is of monoclinic system, space group P2 1/n. In 1, two nitrate groups link two Cd（Ⅱ） ions forming [Cd2（NO3）2（H20）2] as secondary building units that are interconnected by the Acebiim ligand into an infinite ladder. In2, the hydrogen-bonded synthon R22（16） between the N-H moieties and carboxylic acid link [Zn（Acebiim）2（H20）2], generating a 1D-extended ribbon. Moreover, hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions further stabilize the 3D supramolecular architecture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.91963204 and 51871053)Shanghai Pujiang Program (No.19PJ1400200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.2232019G-07 and 2232020A-02)。
文摘Electromagnetic wave absorber is critical for reducing increasingly serious electromagnetic wave pollu-tion,however,the development of lightweight and broadband microwave absorbers remains a pressing challenge.We report here the rational design and synthesis of N-doped Ni@SiO_(2)/graphene composite con-structed from 3D interconnected porous graphene network and Ni@SiO_(2) core-shell architecture,which fulfills lightweight and broadband requirements while exhibiting highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption.The porous graphene network,functioning both as lightweight support and dielectric medi-ator,was synthesized via NaCl template-assisted high-temperature calcination method.Upon uniformly attached with core-shell Ni@SiO_(2) on the surface,the resulting abundant heterogeneous interfaces con-structed by graphene-Ni and Ni-SiO_(2) strongly reinforce polarization loss.The presence of low dielectric SiO_(2) allows facile tuning of the complex permittivity of ternary composite by adjusting coating thick-ness to balance the attenuation ability and impedance matching.Moreover,further N-doping of graphene assists in the optimization of dielectric loss ability.Taking account of the advantages arising from the porous hierarchical architecture,multiple absorption centers and diverse interfaces,the lightweight com-posite exhibits an ultra-strong reflection loss(RL)value of-71.13 dB at 13.76 GHz with a thickness of 2.46 mm and broad effective absorption bandwidth of 7.04 GHz at a low filler content of 15 wt.%.More importantly,the effective absorption range covers 13.28 GHz(4.72-18 GHz)with the optimized thickness of 1.6-5 mm,representing 83%of the whole range of frequencies.Our results demonstrate that the novel 3D porous N-doped Ni@SiO_(2)/graphene network with hierarchical architecture is a promising candidate for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption.
文摘To collect and share information of projects or products and make it consistent and correct so that the quality and costs of projects can be effectively controlled,an integrative project architecture integrating different types of breakdown structures is necessary.In this paper,the international research status on work breakdown structure(WBS)was analyzed,and an integrative project architecture for commercial aero-engines was designed,where product breakdown structure(PBS),WBS,organization breakdown structure(OBS)and cost breakdown structure(CBS)were integrated and built.And the architecture was applied in information systems.A transfer from technological views of complex products through their lifecycles to management views has been realized with this standardized architecture,thus development tasks and costs can be controlled.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21607051)
文摘An unusual two-dimensional supramolecular complex, namely, [Cd2（Cl）4（L）2]（1）, has been synthesized by 2-（1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl）phenol（L） and CdCl2·2.5H2O under hydrothermal conditions. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 10.151（2）, b = 14.119（3）, c = 14.744（3） ？, α = 115.744（4）, β = 108.063（4）, γ = 93.371（4）o, V = 1762.7（7） A°^3, Z = 2, C（38）H（24）Cd2Cl4N8O2, Mr = 991.25, Dc = 1.868 g/cm^3, F（000） = 976, μ（Mo Ka） = 1.560 mm^-1, R = 0.0639 and w R = 0.1307. In 1, two Cd（II） atoms are bridged by two chroline atoms to give a dimer. Neighboring dimers are linked by N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds to afford supramolecular chains, which are further joined together by π-π interactions to result in a supramolecular layer. In addition, luminescent property and thermal behavior of compound 1 have been studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20801012)New Energy Technology Co.Ltd.of Ai Naji of Jiangsu Province(No.8507040091)
文摘A novel Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [CdCI（Hpc）H2O]n （1, H2pc = 1H-pyrazole-3- carboxylic acid）, was synthesized by the reaction of CdCl2·2.5H2O with H2pc, and structurally characterized by IR spectrum, UV-Vis spectrum, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as thermal analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, P21/n space group with α = 7.0304（3）, b = 10.3047（3）, c = 10.6446（4） A, β= 107.174（4）°, F = 736.78（5） A^3, Z = 4, C4HsCdClN2O3, Mr = 276.95, Dc = 2.497 g/cm%3, F（000） = 528.0,μ= 3.281 mm^-1, R = 0.0169 and wR = 0.0387. The central metals adopt distorted octahedral geometry. Carboxyl groups of the ligand connect Cd（Ⅱ） into a one-dimensional chain, which further constructs a two-dimensional network by halogen bridging. Such two-dimensional structures are finally connected into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture due to the hydrogen bonds and intermolecular π…π interactions. In addition, complex 1 has high thermal stability.
基金LG was funded by the German Research Foundation(DFG 320926971)through the project“Analysis of diversity effects on above-groundproductivity in forests:advancing the mechanistic understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics in canopy space filling using mobile laser scanning”。
文摘Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity relationships.Empirical evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of detail.To address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern Germany.Methods:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to 4.We applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high accuracy.We evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping crowns.Results and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target trees.Moreover,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBH<40 cm)trees.In our analysis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the outcome.For scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions occur.Because local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.
基金supported by The National Key Technology R&D Program (Grant No. 2011BAH19B00)The National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No. 2012CB315900)The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863) (Grant No. 2015AA016102)
文摘Under the requirement of everything over IP, network service shows the following characteristics:(1) network service increases its richness;(2) broadband streaming media becomes the mainstream. To achieve unified multi-service bearing in the IP network, the largescale access convergence network architecture is proposed. This flat access convergence structure with ultra-small hops, which shortens the service transmission path, reduces the complexity of the edge of the network, and achieves IP strong waist model with the integration of computation, storage and transmission. The key technologies are also introduced in this paper, including endto-end performance guarantee for real time interactive services, fog storing mechanism, and built-in safety transmission with integration of aggregation and control.
基金This study was a contribution to Water conservancy Project 16-2-1 of the Seventh Five-Year Plan(1985-1989),entruated by the Surveying Bureau of rhe Committee of Water Resources of the Changjiang(Yangetze)River.
文摘A study has been made about the structural attribute of the NNW-trendingShizikou linear image belt in the head area of the reservoir of the Yangtze River Gorges and theevaluation of its crustal stability. On the basis of regional geological surveys and by making astructural analysis and a multidisciplinary study, it has been ascertained that the segment withthe best displayed image characteristics is marked by a gravity gliding structure with a multilay-er gliding fold type architecture. This paper also analyzes the medium conditions, slope struc-ture and dynamic setting for the formation of the structure system.
