This paper examines a model that combines vortex generators and leading-edge tubercles for controlling the laminar separation bubble(LSB)over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers(Re).This new concept of passive flow con...This paper examines a model that combines vortex generators and leading-edge tubercles for controlling the laminar separation bubble(LSB)over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers(Re).This new concept of passive flow control technique utilizing a tubercle and vortex generator(VG)close to the leading edge was analyzed numerically for a NACA0015 airfoil.In this study,the Shear Stress Transport(SST)turbulence model was employed in the numerical modelling.Numerical modelling was completed using the ANSYS-Fluent 18.2 solver.Analyses were conducted to investigate the flow pattern and understand the underlying LSB control phenomena that enabled the new passive flow control method to provide this significant performance benefit.The findings indicated that the new concept of passive flow control technique suppressed the formation of an LSB at the suction surface of the NACA0015 airfoil,resulting in a higher lift coefficient and improved aerodynamic performance.Improvements in LSB dynamics and aerodynamic performance through the passive flow control method lead to increased energy output and enhanced stability.展开更多
Microporous polyimides(PIM-PIs)have emerged as promising high-performance membranes for gas separation.However,achieving an optimal balance between permeability and selectivity remains a major challenge.In this study,...Microporous polyimides(PIM-PIs)have emerged as promising high-performance membranes for gas separation.However,achieving an optimal balance between permeability and selectivity remains a major challenge.In this study,we designed and synthesized a series of PIM-PIs by combining rigid dianhydrides 9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,6,7-xanthenetetracarboxylic dianhydride(6FCDA)and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)with contorted diamines,including 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene(FDA),9,9′-spirobifluorene-2,2′-diamine(SBFDA),and 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-5,5′-diamine-6,6′-diol(TSDA),to systematically elucidate the relationship between hierarchical microstructure and gas transport behavior.Comprehensive characterization revealed that the 6FCDA-based polymers exhibited a higher microporosity(V_(micro)/V_(total)up to 54.7%)and fractional free volume compared to their 6FDA counterparts.Gas permeation measurements showed that the 6FCDA/SBFDA membrane delivered a CO_(2)permeability of 386 Barrer and CO_(2)/CH_(4)selectivity of 30.2,exceeding the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Structure-property correlation analyses indicated that diffusion selectivity predominantly governed gas separation performance,with rigid,spirocyclic architectures suppressing chain packing to generate sub-5Åmicropores,as further validated by molecular simulations.The optimized 6FCDA/FDA membrane achieved a BET surface area of 423 m^(2)·g^(−1),while maintaining excellent mechanical strength and high thermal stability.This work establishes an effective monomer design strategy to overcome the permeability-selectivity trade-off through backbone rigidification,thereby advancing PIM-PIs for practical applications in natural gas purification and carbon capture.展开更多
With the legislative development,the organic and inorganic composition separation has become the primary requirement for sewer sediment disposal,however the relevant technology has been rarely reported and the driving...With the legislative development,the organic and inorganic composition separation has become the primary requirement for sewer sediment disposal,however the relevant technology has been rarely reported and the driving mechanism was still unclear.In this study,direct disintegration of biopolymers and indirect broken of connection point were investigated on the hydrolysis and component separation.Three typical sewer sediment treatment approaches,i.e.,alkaline,thermal and cation exchange treatments were proposed,which represented the hydrolysis-driving forces of chemical hydrolysis,physical hydrolysis and innovative cation bridging break-age.The results showed that the organic and inorganic separation rates of sewer sediment driven by alkaline,thermal and cation exchange treatments reached 21.26%,23.80%,and 19.56%-48.0%,respectively,compared to 4.43%in control.The secondary structure of proteins was disrupted,transitioning from𝛼α-helix to𝛽β-turn and random coil.Meanwhile,much biopolymers were released from solid to the liquid phase.From thermody-namic perspective,sewer sediment deposition was controlled by short-range interfacial interactions described by extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory.Additionally,the separation of organic and inorganic components was positively correlated with the thermodynamic parameters(Corr=0.87),highlighted the robust-ness of various driving forces.And the flocculation energy barriers were 2.40(alkaline),1.60 times(thermal),and 4.02–4.97 times(cation exchange)compared to control group.The findings revealed the contrition differ-ence of direct disintegration of gelatinous biopolymers and indirect breakage of composition connection sites in sediment composition separation,filling the critical gaps in understanding the specific mechanisms of sediment biopolymer disintegration and intermolecular connection breakage.展开更多
The efficient flotation separation of rare earth elements(REEs)from gangue minerals is crucial in mineral processing.This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid collector,tetrabutylammonium salicylh...The efficient flotation separation of rare earth elements(REEs)from gangue minerals is crucial in mineral processing.This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid collector,tetrabutylammonium salicylhydroxamate(T-S),and investigated its performance in separating bastnaesite and fluorite.T-S was synthesized from salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA)and tetrabutylammonium chloride(TBAC),and its molecular structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.Microflotation tests indicate that T-S outperforms SHA and TBAC in both collecting ability and selectivity for bastnaesite.Adsorption,zeta potential,and infrared spectroscopy measurements reveal that T-S exhibits stronger adsorption on bastnaesite compared to SHA and TBAC.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)results confirm that chemical adsorption occurs between Ce on the bastnaesite surface and the-C(=O)NHOH groups of T-S.Moreover,the interaction between T-S and the bastnaesite surface is stronger than that with the fluorite surface.This work provides valuable insights for designing ionic liquid collectors for the flotation separation of bastnaesite and fluorite.展开更多
Developing advanced polymeric materials with enhanced mechanical properties and functionalities has been a long-standing goal in materials science.Recently,supramolecular polymeric materials (SPMs) have drawn increase...Developing advanced polymeric materials with enhanced mechanical properties and functionalities has been a long-standing goal in materials science.Recently,supramolecular polymeric materials (SPMs) have drawn increased attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in self-healing,shape memory,sensors,and flexible electronics.Here,we develop an ionic cluster-optimized microphase separation strategy to enhance the toughening and energy dissipation capabilities of polydisulfide-based supramolecular polymers.The mechanical properties,including Young’s modulus and toughness,are significantly improved by integrating the quadruple H-bonding 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (UPy) induced microphase separation with iron(Ⅲ)-to-carboxylate ionic clusters.By combining established chemical approaches with adjustable polymer phase ratios,it is revealed that the synergistic effect of these factors expands the interchain spacing,facilitates the formation of microphase domains,and enhances the tolerance of polythioctic acid-based polymers to external mechanical and thermal stimuli,meeting the practical requirements for industrial plastic applications.Moreover,the UPy-functionalized polymers incorporating iron carboxylate clusters exhibit good one-way shape memory behavior with practical applicability at a relatively low recovery temperature.Our work demonstrates a novel strategy for constructing industrially viable shape memory dynamic SPMs and paves the way for future innovations in developing SPMs.展开更多
Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concen...Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concentrated sulfuric acid roasting metallurgical process has resulted in damage to the environment.Therefore,this paper adopted the method of selective mineral phase transformation(MPT)followed by enhanced micro-flotation.By determining the optimal MPT co nditions,the flotation recovery of bastnaesite-roasted products by the collector(phthalic acid,PA)is improved,and the enhanced separation of bastnaesite with monazite is realized.The results show that with the increase of roasting temperature and time,the bastnaesite decomposition product is CeOF and monazite does not change significantly.Subsequent micro-flotation exhibits a gradual decline in the PA consumption of bastnaesiteroasted products,while the flotation recovery of monazite-roasted products remains poor.The artificial mixed ore experiments result in a CeOF foam product with a content of 94.14%and a recovery of 85.80%,and a monazite tank product with a content of 73.53%and a recovery of 87.87%.Compared with the preroasting ore,the surface and interior of bastnaesite-roasted products develop numerous cracks and porosities,and no obvious structural damage is observed in monazite-roasted particles.As the roasting temperature increases,the mineral particles undergo recrystallization or closure,reducing the specific surface area of bastnaesite-roasted products and enhancing hydrophobicity,leading to diminished PA consumption.Fourier transform infrared and other flotation-relation tests show that PA is chemisorbed on the surface of CeOF.The MPT conditions are optimized in this study,which provides a reference for further advancing the efficient separation of bastnaesite and monazite.展开更多
To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocom...To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocompatibility,were prepared using the process of vapor-induced phase separation at various PVDF concentrations.The results demonstrated that at a PVDF mass concentration of 14%,the membrane had increased surface roughness,significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and wettability,and a wetting time of 8 s.The surface roughness of the membrane was also reduced to 31.637 nm.Furthermore,hemolysis rate and protein adsorption tests indicated that the blended membranes possessed excellent biocompatibility.They were reduced to 2.48%and 34.44μg·cm^(−2),respectively.The pore size of the fabricated membrane was relatively large,which reached approximately 8μm respectively,satisfying the filtration requirements.Lastly,the effects of different temperatures and multi-layered filters on leukocyte removal and the retention of red blood cells and platelets from whole blood were evaluated.The results revealed that the leukocyte removal rate was highest at 4℃ and with three membrane layers,the leukocyte removal rate was highest,reaching 98.36%,while the RBC and platelet content remained nearly unchanged compared with the original blood.This study provides a new approach for blood cell separation that is expected to play a significant role in medical fields such as blood transfusion demonstrating great potential for application and innovation.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant re-newable resource on Earth,boasting advan-tages such as wide avail-ability and negative car-bon emissions.Especial-ly,efficient separation of lignocellulose into cellu-lo...Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant re-newable resource on Earth,boasting advan-tages such as wide avail-ability and negative car-bon emissions.Especial-ly,efficient separation of lignocellulose into cellu-lose,hemicellulose and lignin,and realizing val-orization of these compo-nents are more responsive to the development needs of biomass refinery and the green chem-istry era.This review outlines the main components of lignocellulose and briefly summerizes their utilization in chemical raw materials and energy production.It mainly focused on cur-rent advances in component separation methods of lignocellulose by organic solvents,ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents.The design of separation methods,understanding of sepa-ration mechanisms,and optimization of reaction systems in each method are highlighted in detail.Furthermore,the ongoing challenges and future directions based on mechanism and in-dustrialization are critically discussed.Our goal is to elucidate the separation mechanisms and principles of method design,providing guidance for the development of highly efficient com-ponent separation methods of lignocellulose.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the impact of maternal-infant separation on the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients and explore the clinical efficacy of targeted nursing interventions.Methods:A total of 80 ...Objective:To analyze the impact of maternal-infant separation on the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients and explore the clinical efficacy of targeted nursing interventions.Methods:A total of 80 high-risk pregnancy patients treated in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.These patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group(40 cases each)using a random number table.The control group received routine high-risk pregnancy nursing care,while the observation group received specialized maternal-infant separation nursing interventions in addition to routine care.The psychological and physiological states and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention.Results:The SAS scores,SDS scores,and sleep quality scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the initiation time of lactation was significantly earlier than that in the control group,with both differences being statistically significant(p<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(80%vs.32/40),with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal-infant separation exacerbates anxiety and depression in high-risk pregnancy patients,reduces sleep quality,increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage,and delays the initiation of lactation.Specialized nursing interventions for maternal-infant separation can improve the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients,reduce the incidence of postpartum complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,making them worthy of clinical application and promotion.展开更多
Biochar has been widely recognized as a promising solid CO_(2)adsorbent with economic and ecological benefits.Industrial CO_(2)emissions originate from diverse sources,while the pore structure and chemical functional ...Biochar has been widely recognized as a promising solid CO_(2)adsorbent with economic and ecological benefits.Industrial CO_(2)emissions originate from diverse sources,while the pore structure and chemical functional groups of biochar exhibit varying degrees of influence on CO_(2)adsorption and separation performance under different adsorption conditions.Therefore,exploring the matching relationship between the physicochemical properties of biochar and its adsorption and separation performance at different adsorption conditions is essential for the development and optimization of carbon-based adsorbents.This study selected the high-performance extreme gradient boosting(XGB)algorithm from various algorithms and utilized it to develop CO_(2),N_(2),CH_(4)adsorption prediction models.Based on this,coupled prediction models were developed for CO_(2)/N_(2)and CO_(2)/CH_(4)adsorption selectivity.Furthermore,feature importance and partial dependence analysis were performed using SHAP values.The results indicate that during CO_(2)adsorption,the influence of the pore structure of biochar outweighs that of its chemical composition.Specifically,the pore structure of 0.4–0.6 nm is the most important property influencing CO_(2)adsorption at low and medium pressure(0–0.6 bar),and the pore structure of 0.6–0.8 nm,as well as the specific surface area contribute the most at high pressure(0.6–1 bar).During CO_(2)selective separation,the CO_(2)/N_(2)mixture is primarily separated through the selective adsorption of CO_(2)by nitrogen functional groups.In contrast,for CO_(2)/CH_(4)mixtures,pore structure<1 nm plays a more critical role in determining adsorption selectivity.In addition,molecular simulation studies further revealed the adsorption filling mechanisms of CO_(2)molecules within different pore sizes and functional groups.Finally,nitrogen-doped biochar was synthesized using de-alkalize lignin as the precursor,KOH as the activating agent,and urea as the nitrogen dopant.CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted,and the experimental results confirmed that the developed prediction models exhibit high accuracy(R^(2)>0.9).展开更多
Traditional nanofiltration membranes face challenges such as membrane fouling and difficulties in achieving precise separation of small organic molecules.A promising solution to these issues is the preparation of thin...Traditional nanofiltration membranes face challenges such as membrane fouling and difficulties in achieving precise separation of small organic molecules.A promising solution to these issues is the preparation of thin-film nanocomposite membranes.In this study,Cu and Ag bimetals were incorporated into covalent organic frameworks to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite membranes.The hydrophilic monomer 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene of covalent organic frameworks was introduced as a water phase monomer during interfacial polymerization to enhance the organic-inorganic compatibility.The incorporated covalent organic frameworks within the thin-film nanocomposite membrane loosened the selective layer,resulting in an enhanced permeability of 24.6 LMH bar^(-1).The membrane exhibited a rejection rate over 99.0%for Congo Red,Xylene Brilliant Cyanine G,and Reactive Blue,while exhibiting relatively low rejection rates of MgCl_(2) and NaCl.Moreover,the outstanding catalytic capability of the incorporated bimetals led to a 4-nitrophenol conversion rate of 84.38%,enabling simultaneous conversion and separation.The integration of covalent organic frameworks and bimetals also imparted robust antibacterial properties,significantly enhancing operational stability.In conclusion,the covalent organic framework-Cu/Ag-based thin-film nanocomposite membrane demonstrated superior catalytic and separation capabilities,presenting a promising alternative for advanced filtration applications.展开更多
Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated fo...Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral metal-organic cage(MOC),[Zn_(6)M_(4)],as a universal chiral recognition material for both multi-mode high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and capillary gas chromatography(GC) enantioseparation.Two novel HPLC CSPs with different bonding arms(CSP-A with a cationic imidazolium bonding arm and CSP-B with an alkyl chain bonding arm) were prepared by clicking of functionalized chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] onto thiolated silica via thiol-ene click chemistry.Meanwhile,a capillary GC column statically coated with the chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] was also fabricated.The results showed that the chiral MOC exhibits excellent enantioselectivity not only in normal phase HPLC(NP-HPLC) and reversed phase(RP-HPLC) but also in GC,and various racemates were well separated,including alcohols,diols,esters,ketones,ethers,amines,and epoxides.Importantly,CSP-A and CSP-B are complementary to commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H columns in enantioseparation,which can separate some racemates that could not be or could not well be separated by the two widely used commercial columns,suggesting the great potential of the two prepared CSPs in enantioseparation.This work reveals that the chiral MOC is potential versatile chiral recognition materials for both HPLC and GC,and also paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOCs.展开更多
To tackle the physical layer security challenges in wireless communication,this paper introduces a multiuser architecture that leverages single-channel blind source separation,centered around a Multi-source Signal Mix...To tackle the physical layer security challenges in wireless communication,this paper introduces a multiuser architecture that leverages single-channel blind source separation,centered around a Multi-source Signal Mixture Separator(MSMS).This architecture consists of a multi-user encoder,a channel layer,and a separation decoder,allowing it to handle multiple functions simultaneously,including encoding,modulation,signal separation,demodulation,and decoding.The MSMS receiver effectively enables the separation of numerous user signals,making it exceedingly difficult for unauthorized eavesdroppers to extract valuable information from the mixed signals,thus significantly enhancing communication security.The MSMS can address the challenges of few-shot sample training and achieve joint optimization during transmission by employing a deep learning-based network design.The design of a single receiver reduces system costs and improves spectrum efficiency.The MSMS outperforms traditional Space-time Block Coding(STBC)strategies regarding separation performance,particularly in Block Error Rate(BLER)metrics.Modulation constellation diagrams further analyze the effectiveness of multi-source signal mixture separation.Moreover,this study extends the MSMS framework from a two-user scenario to a three-user scenario,further demonstrating the flexibility and scalability of the proposed architecture.展开更多
Due to complex ion-ion and ion-membrane interactions, creating innovative membrane structures to acquire favorable ion mixing effect and high separation performance remains a big challenge. Herein, we design covalent ...Due to complex ion-ion and ion-membrane interactions, creating innovative membrane structures to acquire favorable ion mixing effect and high separation performance remains a big challenge. Herein, we design covalent organic framework(COF) scaffold membrane with gate-lane nanostructure for efficient Li^(+)/Mg^(2+) separation. COF nanosheets, serving as the scaffold, are intercalated by polyethyleneimine(PEI) to form the permeating layer. Subsequently, PEI on the surface reacts with 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate to form the polyurea gating layer. The gating layer, bearing tailored smaller pore size,affords high rejection to co-ions(Mg^(2+)) and thus high Li^(+)/Mg^(2+) selectivity. The permeating layer, with asymmetric charge and spatial nanostructure for creating individual lanes of Li^(+) and Cl~-, facilitates Li^(+) transport and thus high Li^(+) permeability. The optimum COF scaffold membrane exhibits the permeance of 11.5 L m^(-2) h^(-1)/bar^(-1) and true selectivity of 231.9 with Li^(+) enrichment of 120.2% at the Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) mass ratio of 50, exceeding the ideal selectivity of 80.5 and outperforming all ever-reported positively charged nanofiltration membranes. Our work may stimulate the further thinking about how to design the hierarchical membrane structure to achieve favorable ion mixing effect and break the membrane permeability-selectivity trade-off in chemical separations.展开更多
Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying clima...Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying climatic conditions.This study presents a scale separation hybrid statistical model with recurrent neural network(SS-RNN)to predict the summer monthly NEC-PR.The SS-RNN model decomposes the multiple scales of the NEC-PR into several spatiotemporal intrinsic mode functions covering annual to decadal time scales.This strategy provides a way to derive appropriate predictors and establish predictive models for the primary spatial modes of the NEC-PR at various time scales.Our results demonstrate substantial improvements by the SS-RNN model in predicting the summer monthly NEC-PR as compared with dynamic models,particularly in predicting the spatial pattern of the NEC-PR.In this paper we take August,the month of the highest NEC-PR,to assess our model skill.Independent forecasts of the August NEC-PR over the period 2021–24 achieve significant spatial anomaly correlation coefficients,reaching a maximum value of 0.83.Additional verifications by station observations show that the model hits most station anomalies,achieving a mean predictive skill score of 90.展开更多
The electrochemical separation of Mn(Ⅱ)impurity from molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)was systematically investigated to facilitate the electrolytic production of high-purity magnesium.The reduction of Mn(Ⅱ)to Mn metal on tu...The electrochemical separation of Mn(Ⅱ)impurity from molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)was systematically investigated to facilitate the electrolytic production of high-purity magnesium.The reduction of Mn(Ⅱ)to Mn metal on tungsten electrode was a quasi-reversible process controlled by diffusion.The apparent standard potential and exchange current density of Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(0)electrode reaction were determined at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1048 K.Solid Mn metal generated during electrolysis aggregated into irregular clumps and adsorbed some needle-like MgO,imposing a detrimental effect on both the aggregation and the purity of magnesium metal.After electrolysis at-1.5 V in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2)for 8 h,the concentration of MnCl_(2)impurity decreased to 0.037 wt.%,achieving a removal efficiency of 94.14%.When direct electrolysis was performed in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2),the obtained magnesium metal was small blocks with a caviar-like appearance,and the purity was just 98.59%.In contrast,a large globule of magnesium metal was obtained when electrolysis was performed in the purified electrolyte,and its purity was improved to 99.94%.The controlled-potential electrolysis proposed in this work has been verified to be a green and practically effective method to separate the metal ion impurities from molten electrolyte for high purity magnesium extraction.展开更多
Spin-density(charge)separation,marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations,epitomizes strong correlations,historically confined to one-dimensional(1D)systems.The recent experimental work ...Spin-density(charge)separation,marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations,epitomizes strong correlations,historically confined to one-dimensional(1D)systems.The recent experimental work of Dhar et al(2025 Nature 64253),using a weakly interacting 3D Bose-Einstein condensate of^(133)Cs atoms confined in a 2D optical lattice to realize spin-density separation and demonstrate boson anyonization,motivates a deeper exploration into how dimensionality and interactions govern quantum correlations.In this work,we investigate this in two-component bosonic mixtures with finite-range interactions,probing 1D and 3D dynamics.Using path integral effective field theory within the one-loop approximation,we derive analytical expressions for zero-temperature ground-state energy and quantum depletion,seamlessly recovering contact interaction results in the contact limit.By crafting an effective action for decoupled density and spin modes,we compute dynamic structure factors(DSFs),revealing how finite-range interactions sculpt spin-density separation.A pivotal finding is the dimensionality-driven divergence in DSF peak dynamics:in 1D,peaks ascend to higher frequencies with increasing interaction strength,yielding sharp responses;in 3D,peaks descend to lower frequencies,with broader density wave profiles.These insights highlight dimensionality's critical role in collective excitations and provide a robust theoretical blueprint for probing interaction-driven quantum phenomena via Bragg spectroscopy,paving new pathways for the exploration of dimensionally tuned quantum correlations in ultracold quantum gases.展开更多
The accumulation and circulation of carbon and hydrogen contribute to the chemical evolution of ice giant planets.Species separation and diamond precipitation have been reported in carbon-hydrogen systems and have bee...The accumulation and circulation of carbon and hydrogen contribute to the chemical evolution of ice giant planets.Species separation and diamond precipitation have been reported in carbon-hydrogen systems and have been verified by static and shock compression experiments.Nevertheless,the dynamic formation processes underlying these phenomena remain insufficiently understood.In combination with a deep learning model,we demonstrate that diamonds form through a three-step process involving dissociation,species separation,and nucleation processes.Under shock conditions of 125 GPa and 4590 K,hydrocarbons decompose to give hydrogen and low-molecular-weight alkanes(CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(6)),which escape from the carbon chains,resulting in C/H species separation.The remaining carbon atoms without C-H bonds accumulate and nucleate to form diamond crystals.The process of diamond growth is associated with a critical nucleus size at which the dynamic energy barrier plays a key role.These dynamic processes of diamond formation provide insight into the establishment of a model for the evolution of ice giant planets.展开更多
Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger in...Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.展开更多
Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic natu...Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic nature hinders selective oil absorption in water.Recent strategies to enhance hydrophobicity are reviewed,including synthetic methods and materials,with comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms driven by surface energy and roughness.Key performance indicators for MS in oil-water separation,including adsorption capacity,wettability,stability,emulsion separation,reversible wettability switching,flame retardancy,mechanical properties,and recyclability,are thoroughly discussed.In conclusion,this review provides insights into the future potential and direction of functional melamine sponges in oil-water separation.展开更多
基金the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Erciyes University under contract no:FDS-2022-11532 and FOA-2025-14773.
文摘This paper examines a model that combines vortex generators and leading-edge tubercles for controlling the laminar separation bubble(LSB)over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers(Re).This new concept of passive flow control technique utilizing a tubercle and vortex generator(VG)close to the leading edge was analyzed numerically for a NACA0015 airfoil.In this study,the Shear Stress Transport(SST)turbulence model was employed in the numerical modelling.Numerical modelling was completed using the ANSYS-Fluent 18.2 solver.Analyses were conducted to investigate the flow pattern and understand the underlying LSB control phenomena that enabled the new passive flow control method to provide this significant performance benefit.The findings indicated that the new concept of passive flow control technique suppressed the formation of an LSB at the suction surface of the NACA0015 airfoil,resulting in a higher lift coefficient and improved aerodynamic performance.Improvements in LSB dynamics and aerodynamic performance through the passive flow control method lead to increased energy output and enhanced stability.
基金financially supported by the Sinopec Seed Program Project(No.223281)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-based Materials(No.2024ZD06)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022A1515110543 and 2023A1515110170)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024B1515040023)Guangjuyingcai program of Guangzhou(No.2024D03J0002)111 Project(No.B18023).
文摘Microporous polyimides(PIM-PIs)have emerged as promising high-performance membranes for gas separation.However,achieving an optimal balance between permeability and selectivity remains a major challenge.In this study,we designed and synthesized a series of PIM-PIs by combining rigid dianhydrides 9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,6,7-xanthenetetracarboxylic dianhydride(6FCDA)and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)with contorted diamines,including 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene(FDA),9,9′-spirobifluorene-2,2′-diamine(SBFDA),and 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-5,5′-diamine-6,6′-diol(TSDA),to systematically elucidate the relationship between hierarchical microstructure and gas transport behavior.Comprehensive characterization revealed that the 6FCDA-based polymers exhibited a higher microporosity(V_(micro)/V_(total)up to 54.7%)and fractional free volume compared to their 6FDA counterparts.Gas permeation measurements showed that the 6FCDA/SBFDA membrane delivered a CO_(2)permeability of 386 Barrer and CO_(2)/CH_(4)selectivity of 30.2,exceeding the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Structure-property correlation analyses indicated that diffusion selectivity predominantly governed gas separation performance,with rigid,spirocyclic architectures suppressing chain packing to generate sub-5Åmicropores,as further validated by molecular simulations.The optimized 6FCDA/FDA membrane achieved a BET surface area of 423 m^(2)·g^(−1),while maintaining excellent mechanical strength and high thermal stability.This work establishes an effective monomer design strategy to overcome the permeability-selectivity trade-off through backbone rigidification,thereby advancing PIM-PIs for practical applications in natural gas purification and carbon capture.
基金supported by Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program(No.2024SF-YBXM-546)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52470161)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(No.PCRRF21007).
文摘With the legislative development,the organic and inorganic composition separation has become the primary requirement for sewer sediment disposal,however the relevant technology has been rarely reported and the driving mechanism was still unclear.In this study,direct disintegration of biopolymers and indirect broken of connection point were investigated on the hydrolysis and component separation.Three typical sewer sediment treatment approaches,i.e.,alkaline,thermal and cation exchange treatments were proposed,which represented the hydrolysis-driving forces of chemical hydrolysis,physical hydrolysis and innovative cation bridging break-age.The results showed that the organic and inorganic separation rates of sewer sediment driven by alkaline,thermal and cation exchange treatments reached 21.26%,23.80%,and 19.56%-48.0%,respectively,compared to 4.43%in control.The secondary structure of proteins was disrupted,transitioning from𝛼α-helix to𝛽β-turn and random coil.Meanwhile,much biopolymers were released from solid to the liquid phase.From thermody-namic perspective,sewer sediment deposition was controlled by short-range interfacial interactions described by extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory.Additionally,the separation of organic and inorganic components was positively correlated with the thermodynamic parameters(Corr=0.87),highlighted the robust-ness of various driving forces.And the flocculation energy barriers were 2.40(alkaline),1.60 times(thermal),and 4.02–4.97 times(cation exchange)compared to control group.The findings revealed the contrition differ-ence of direct disintegration of gelatinous biopolymers and indirect breakage of composition connection sites in sediment composition separation,filling the critical gaps in understanding the specific mechanisms of sediment biopolymer disintegration and intermolecular connection breakage.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2905800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374276,52274269)+2 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Re search Projects(202401AS070051)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2024AFD123)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200276)。
文摘The efficient flotation separation of rare earth elements(REEs)from gangue minerals is crucial in mineral processing.This study synthesized a quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid collector,tetrabutylammonium salicylhydroxamate(T-S),and investigated its performance in separating bastnaesite and fluorite.T-S was synthesized from salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA)and tetrabutylammonium chloride(TBAC),and its molecular structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.Microflotation tests indicate that T-S outperforms SHA and TBAC in both collecting ability and selectivity for bastnaesite.Adsorption,zeta potential,and infrared spectroscopy measurements reveal that T-S exhibits stronger adsorption on bastnaesite compared to SHA and TBAC.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)results confirm that chemical adsorption occurs between Ce on the bastnaesite surface and the-C(=O)NHOH groups of T-S.Moreover,the interaction between T-S and the bastnaesite surface is stronger than that with the fluorite surface.This work provides valuable insights for designing ionic liquid collectors for the flotation separation of bastnaesite and fluorite.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375063)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.23JC1401700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Developing advanced polymeric materials with enhanced mechanical properties and functionalities has been a long-standing goal in materials science.Recently,supramolecular polymeric materials (SPMs) have drawn increased attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in self-healing,shape memory,sensors,and flexible electronics.Here,we develop an ionic cluster-optimized microphase separation strategy to enhance the toughening and energy dissipation capabilities of polydisulfide-based supramolecular polymers.The mechanical properties,including Young’s modulus and toughness,are significantly improved by integrating the quadruple H-bonding 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (UPy) induced microphase separation with iron(Ⅲ)-to-carboxylate ionic clusters.By combining established chemical approaches with adjustable polymer phase ratios,it is revealed that the synergistic effect of these factors expands the interchain spacing,facilitates the formation of microphase domains,and enhances the tolerance of polythioctic acid-based polymers to external mechanical and thermal stimuli,meeting the practical requirements for industrial plastic applications.Moreover,the UPy-functionalized polymers incorporating iron carboxylate clusters exhibit good one-way shape memory behavior with practical applicability at a relatively low recovery temperature.Our work demonstrates a novel strategy for constructing industrially viable shape memory dynamic SPMs and paves the way for future innovations in developing SPMs.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2905800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174242)the National Youth Talent Support Program(QNBJ-2023-03)。
文摘Bayan Obo rare earth mine is the largest light rare earth resource worldwide,primarily extracts rare earth elements(REEs)from mixed RE concentrates with bastnaesite and monazite.Nevertheless,the adoption of the concentrated sulfuric acid roasting metallurgical process has resulted in damage to the environment.Therefore,this paper adopted the method of selective mineral phase transformation(MPT)followed by enhanced micro-flotation.By determining the optimal MPT co nditions,the flotation recovery of bastnaesite-roasted products by the collector(phthalic acid,PA)is improved,and the enhanced separation of bastnaesite with monazite is realized.The results show that with the increase of roasting temperature and time,the bastnaesite decomposition product is CeOF and monazite does not change significantly.Subsequent micro-flotation exhibits a gradual decline in the PA consumption of bastnaesiteroasted products,while the flotation recovery of monazite-roasted products remains poor.The artificial mixed ore experiments result in a CeOF foam product with a content of 94.14%and a recovery of 85.80%,and a monazite tank product with a content of 73.53%and a recovery of 87.87%.Compared with the preroasting ore,the surface and interior of bastnaesite-roasted products develop numerous cracks and porosities,and no obvious structural damage is observed in monazite-roasted particles.As the roasting temperature increases,the mineral particles undergo recrystallization or closure,reducing the specific surface area of bastnaesite-roasted products and enhancing hydrophobicity,leading to diminished PA consumption.Fourier transform infrared and other flotation-relation tests show that PA is chemisorbed on the surface of CeOF.The MPT conditions are optimized in this study,which provides a reference for further advancing the efficient separation of bastnaesite and monazite.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC0862903)Supported by Jiangsu Future Membrane Technology Innovation Center(BM2021804)National Foreign Expert Program(H20240294).
文摘To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocompatibility,were prepared using the process of vapor-induced phase separation at various PVDF concentrations.The results demonstrated that at a PVDF mass concentration of 14%,the membrane had increased surface roughness,significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and wettability,and a wetting time of 8 s.The surface roughness of the membrane was also reduced to 31.637 nm.Furthermore,hemolysis rate and protein adsorption tests indicated that the blended membranes possessed excellent biocompatibility.They were reduced to 2.48%and 34.44μg·cm^(−2),respectively.The pore size of the fabricated membrane was relatively large,which reached approximately 8μm respectively,satisfying the filtration requirements.Lastly,the effects of different temperatures and multi-layered filters on leukocyte removal and the retention of red blood cells and platelets from whole blood were evaluated.The results revealed that the leukocyte removal rate was highest at 4℃ and with three membrane layers,the leukocyte removal rate was highest,reaching 98.36%,while the RBC and platelet content remained nearly unchanged compared with the original blood.This study provides a new approach for blood cell separation that is expected to play a significant role in medical fields such as blood transfusion demonstrating great potential for application and innovation.
基金supported by National Key Technolo-gy R&D Program of China(2023YFD1701505)De-velopment Projects in Anhui Province(2022107020013).
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant re-newable resource on Earth,boasting advan-tages such as wide avail-ability and negative car-bon emissions.Especial-ly,efficient separation of lignocellulose into cellu-lose,hemicellulose and lignin,and realizing val-orization of these compo-nents are more responsive to the development needs of biomass refinery and the green chem-istry era.This review outlines the main components of lignocellulose and briefly summerizes their utilization in chemical raw materials and energy production.It mainly focused on cur-rent advances in component separation methods of lignocellulose by organic solvents,ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents.The design of separation methods,understanding of sepa-ration mechanisms,and optimization of reaction systems in each method are highlighted in detail.Furthermore,the ongoing challenges and future directions based on mechanism and in-dustrialization are critically discussed.Our goal is to elucidate the separation mechanisms and principles of method design,providing guidance for the development of highly efficient com-ponent separation methods of lignocellulose.
文摘Objective:To analyze the impact of maternal-infant separation on the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients and explore the clinical efficacy of targeted nursing interventions.Methods:A total of 80 high-risk pregnancy patients treated in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.These patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group(40 cases each)using a random number table.The control group received routine high-risk pregnancy nursing care,while the observation group received specialized maternal-infant separation nursing interventions in addition to routine care.The psychological and physiological states and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention.Results:The SAS scores,SDS scores,and sleep quality scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the initiation time of lactation was significantly earlier than that in the control group,with both differences being statistically significant(p<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(80%vs.32/40),with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal-infant separation exacerbates anxiety and depression in high-risk pregnancy patients,reduces sleep quality,increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage,and delays the initiation of lactation.Specialized nursing interventions for maternal-infant separation can improve the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients,reduce the incidence of postpartum complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,making them worthy of clinical application and promotion.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2025JC008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 52176105)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department-China(BJK2022063)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation-China(grant number E2025502038)the Funding Program for Cultivating Innovative Abilities of Graduate Students in Hebei Province of China(CXZZBS2025184).
文摘Biochar has been widely recognized as a promising solid CO_(2)adsorbent with economic and ecological benefits.Industrial CO_(2)emissions originate from diverse sources,while the pore structure and chemical functional groups of biochar exhibit varying degrees of influence on CO_(2)adsorption and separation performance under different adsorption conditions.Therefore,exploring the matching relationship between the physicochemical properties of biochar and its adsorption and separation performance at different adsorption conditions is essential for the development and optimization of carbon-based adsorbents.This study selected the high-performance extreme gradient boosting(XGB)algorithm from various algorithms and utilized it to develop CO_(2),N_(2),CH_(4)adsorption prediction models.Based on this,coupled prediction models were developed for CO_(2)/N_(2)and CO_(2)/CH_(4)adsorption selectivity.Furthermore,feature importance and partial dependence analysis were performed using SHAP values.The results indicate that during CO_(2)adsorption,the influence of the pore structure of biochar outweighs that of its chemical composition.Specifically,the pore structure of 0.4–0.6 nm is the most important property influencing CO_(2)adsorption at low and medium pressure(0–0.6 bar),and the pore structure of 0.6–0.8 nm,as well as the specific surface area contribute the most at high pressure(0.6–1 bar).During CO_(2)selective separation,the CO_(2)/N_(2)mixture is primarily separated through the selective adsorption of CO_(2)by nitrogen functional groups.In contrast,for CO_(2)/CH_(4)mixtures,pore structure<1 nm plays a more critical role in determining adsorption selectivity.In addition,molecular simulation studies further revealed the adsorption filling mechanisms of CO_(2)molecules within different pore sizes and functional groups.Finally,nitrogen-doped biochar was synthesized using de-alkalize lignin as the precursor,KOH as the activating agent,and urea as the nitrogen dopant.CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted,and the experimental results confirmed that the developed prediction models exhibit high accuracy(R^(2)>0.9).
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC-22378160 and U23A20688).
文摘Traditional nanofiltration membranes face challenges such as membrane fouling and difficulties in achieving precise separation of small organic molecules.A promising solution to these issues is the preparation of thin-film nanocomposite membranes.In this study,Cu and Ag bimetals were incorporated into covalent organic frameworks to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite membranes.The hydrophilic monomer 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene of covalent organic frameworks was introduced as a water phase monomer during interfacial polymerization to enhance the organic-inorganic compatibility.The incorporated covalent organic frameworks within the thin-film nanocomposite membrane loosened the selective layer,resulting in an enhanced permeability of 24.6 LMH bar^(-1).The membrane exhibited a rejection rate over 99.0%for Congo Red,Xylene Brilliant Cyanine G,and Reactive Blue,while exhibiting relatively low rejection rates of MgCl_(2) and NaCl.Moreover,the outstanding catalytic capability of the incorporated bimetals led to a 4-nitrophenol conversion rate of 84.38%,enabling simultaneous conversion and separation.The integration of covalent organic frameworks and bimetals also imparted robust antibacterial properties,significantly enhancing operational stability.In conclusion,the covalent organic framework-Cu/Ag-based thin-film nanocomposite membrane demonstrated superior catalytic and separation capabilities,presenting a promising alternative for advanced filtration applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22064020,22364022,and 22174125)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province (Nos.202101AT070101 and 202201AT070029)。
文摘Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase(CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance.In this study,we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral metal-organic cage(MOC),[Zn_(6)M_(4)],as a universal chiral recognition material for both multi-mode high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and capillary gas chromatography(GC) enantioseparation.Two novel HPLC CSPs with different bonding arms(CSP-A with a cationic imidazolium bonding arm and CSP-B with an alkyl chain bonding arm) were prepared by clicking of functionalized chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] onto thiolated silica via thiol-ene click chemistry.Meanwhile,a capillary GC column statically coated with the chiral MOC [Zn_(6)M_(4)] was also fabricated.The results showed that the chiral MOC exhibits excellent enantioselectivity not only in normal phase HPLC(NP-HPLC) and reversed phase(RP-HPLC) but also in GC,and various racemates were well separated,including alcohols,diols,esters,ketones,ethers,amines,and epoxides.Importantly,CSP-A and CSP-B are complementary to commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H columns in enantioseparation,which can separate some racemates that could not be or could not well be separated by the two widely used commercial columns,suggesting the great potential of the two prepared CSPs in enantioseparation.This work reveals that the chiral MOC is potential versatile chiral recognition materials for both HPLC and GC,and also paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOCs.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant 2022-SKJJ-B-112。
文摘To tackle the physical layer security challenges in wireless communication,this paper introduces a multiuser architecture that leverages single-channel blind source separation,centered around a Multi-source Signal Mixture Separator(MSMS).This architecture consists of a multi-user encoder,a channel layer,and a separation decoder,allowing it to handle multiple functions simultaneously,including encoding,modulation,signal separation,demodulation,and decoding.The MSMS receiver effectively enables the separation of numerous user signals,making it exceedingly difficult for unauthorized eavesdroppers to extract valuable information from the mixed signals,thus significantly enhancing communication security.The MSMS can address the challenges of few-shot sample training and achieve joint optimization during transmission by employing a deep learning-based network design.The design of a single receiver reduces system costs and improves spectrum efficiency.The MSMS outperforms traditional Space-time Block Coding(STBC)strategies regarding separation performance,particularly in Block Error Rate(BLER)metrics.Modulation constellation diagrams further analyze the effectiveness of multi-source signal mixture separation.Moreover,this study extends the MSMS framework from a two-user scenario to a three-user scenario,further demonstrating the flexibility and scalability of the proposed architecture.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22338011, 22378299)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2025SHFZ025)+1 种基金Ningbo Key Research and Development Project (2022Z121)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M771194)。
文摘Due to complex ion-ion and ion-membrane interactions, creating innovative membrane structures to acquire favorable ion mixing effect and high separation performance remains a big challenge. Herein, we design covalent organic framework(COF) scaffold membrane with gate-lane nanostructure for efficient Li^(+)/Mg^(2+) separation. COF nanosheets, serving as the scaffold, are intercalated by polyethyleneimine(PEI) to form the permeating layer. Subsequently, PEI on the surface reacts with 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate to form the polyurea gating layer. The gating layer, bearing tailored smaller pore size,affords high rejection to co-ions(Mg^(2+)) and thus high Li^(+)/Mg^(2+) selectivity. The permeating layer, with asymmetric charge and spatial nanostructure for creating individual lanes of Li^(+) and Cl~-, facilitates Li^(+) transport and thus high Li^(+) permeability. The optimum COF scaffold membrane exhibits the permeance of 11.5 L m^(-2) h^(-1)/bar^(-1) and true selectivity of 231.9 with Li^(+) enrichment of 120.2% at the Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) mass ratio of 50, exceeding the ideal selectivity of 80.5 and outperforming all ever-reported positively charged nanofiltration membranes. Our work may stimulate the further thinking about how to design the hierarchical membrane structure to achieve favorable ion mixing effect and break the membrane permeability-selectivity trade-off in chemical separations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3002803)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF0808402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42375169)。
文摘Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying climatic conditions.This study presents a scale separation hybrid statistical model with recurrent neural network(SS-RNN)to predict the summer monthly NEC-PR.The SS-RNN model decomposes the multiple scales of the NEC-PR into several spatiotemporal intrinsic mode functions covering annual to decadal time scales.This strategy provides a way to derive appropriate predictors and establish predictive models for the primary spatial modes of the NEC-PR at various time scales.Our results demonstrate substantial improvements by the SS-RNN model in predicting the summer monthly NEC-PR as compared with dynamic models,particularly in predicting the spatial pattern of the NEC-PR.In this paper we take August,the month of the highest NEC-PR,to assess our model skill.Independent forecasts of the August NEC-PR over the period 2021–24 achieve significant spatial anomaly correlation coefficients,reaching a maximum value of 0.83.Additional verifications by station observations show that the model hits most station anomalies,achieving a mean predictive skill score of 90.
基金the financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2901400)he Distinguished Young Research Project of Anhui Higher Education,China(No.2023AH020017)the Xinjiang Tianchi Talent Introduction Plan,China。
文摘The electrochemical separation of Mn(Ⅱ)impurity from molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)was systematically investigated to facilitate the electrolytic production of high-purity magnesium.The reduction of Mn(Ⅱ)to Mn metal on tungsten electrode was a quasi-reversible process controlled by diffusion.The apparent standard potential and exchange current density of Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(0)electrode reaction were determined at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1048 K.Solid Mn metal generated during electrolysis aggregated into irregular clumps and adsorbed some needle-like MgO,imposing a detrimental effect on both the aggregation and the purity of magnesium metal.After electrolysis at-1.5 V in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2)for 8 h,the concentration of MnCl_(2)impurity decreased to 0.037 wt.%,achieving a removal efficiency of 94.14%.When direct electrolysis was performed in molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)-0.62wt.%MnCl_(2),the obtained magnesium metal was small blocks with a caviar-like appearance,and the purity was just 98.59%.In contrast,a large globule of magnesium metal was obtained when electrolysis was performed in the purified electrolyte,and its purity was improved to 99.94%.The controlled-potential electrolysis proposed in this work has been verified to be a green and practically effective method to separate the metal ion impurities from molten electrolyte for high purity magnesium extraction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12574301)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LZ25A040004)。
文摘Spin-density(charge)separation,marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations,epitomizes strong correlations,historically confined to one-dimensional(1D)systems.The recent experimental work of Dhar et al(2025 Nature 64253),using a weakly interacting 3D Bose-Einstein condensate of^(133)Cs atoms confined in a 2D optical lattice to realize spin-density separation and demonstrate boson anyonization,motivates a deeper exploration into how dimensionality and interactions govern quantum correlations.In this work,we investigate this in two-component bosonic mixtures with finite-range interactions,probing 1D and 3D dynamics.Using path integral effective field theory within the one-loop approximation,we derive analytical expressions for zero-temperature ground-state energy and quantum depletion,seamlessly recovering contact interaction results in the contact limit.By crafting an effective action for decoupled density and spin modes,we compute dynamic structure factors(DSFs),revealing how finite-range interactions sculpt spin-density separation.A pivotal finding is the dimensionality-driven divergence in DSF peak dynamics:in 1D,peaks ascend to higher frequencies with increasing interaction strength,yielding sharp responses;in 3D,peaks descend to lower frequencies,with broader density wave profiles.These insights highlight dimensionality's critical role in collective excitations and provide a robust theoretical blueprint for probing interaction-driven quantum phenomena via Bragg spectroscopy,paving new pathways for the exploration of dimensionally tuned quantum correlations in ultracold quantum gases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12534013,12047561,and 12104507)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2025ZYJ001 and 2021RC4026)the National University of Defense Technology Research Fund Project.
文摘The accumulation and circulation of carbon and hydrogen contribute to the chemical evolution of ice giant planets.Species separation and diamond precipitation have been reported in carbon-hydrogen systems and have been verified by static and shock compression experiments.Nevertheless,the dynamic formation processes underlying these phenomena remain insufficiently understood.In combination with a deep learning model,we demonstrate that diamonds form through a three-step process involving dissociation,species separation,and nucleation processes.Under shock conditions of 125 GPa and 4590 K,hydrocarbons decompose to give hydrogen and low-molecular-weight alkanes(CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(6)),which escape from the carbon chains,resulting in C/H species separation.The remaining carbon atoms without C-H bonds accumulate and nucleate to form diamond crystals.The process of diamond growth is associated with a critical nucleus size at which the dynamic energy barrier plays a key role.These dynamic processes of diamond formation provide insight into the establishment of a model for the evolution of ice giant planets.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Nos.202101BE070001-009,202301AU070189).
文摘Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372093 and 52102145)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2023GXLH-045 and 2022SF-168)+4 种基金the Xi’an Programs for Science and Technology Plan(Nos.2020KJRC0090 and 21XJZZ0045)the Opening Project of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology(No.XJZZ202001)the Xi’an Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.21XJZZ0054)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry,Ministry of Education,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(No.KFKT2021-01)the Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(No.KFKT2021-01).
文摘Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic nature hinders selective oil absorption in water.Recent strategies to enhance hydrophobicity are reviewed,including synthetic methods and materials,with comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms driven by surface energy and roughness.Key performance indicators for MS in oil-water separation,including adsorption capacity,wettability,stability,emulsion separation,reversible wettability switching,flame retardancy,mechanical properties,and recyclability,are thoroughly discussed.In conclusion,this review provides insights into the future potential and direction of functional melamine sponges in oil-water separation.
