Although scientific and policy bodies have stated that nanomaterials are not intrinsically toxic, there is interest in evaluating if and how many engineered nanomaterials may do harm to the health of mankind and the e...Although scientific and policy bodies have stated that nanomaterials are not intrinsically toxic, there is interest in evaluating if and how many engineered nanomaterials may do harm to the health of mankind and the ecological environment. The interaction between nano-TiO2 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by using TDFS and UV methods in this research.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within...Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.展开更多
Lignocellulosic materials(LCMs),abundant biomass residues,pose significant environmental challenges when improperly disposed of.LCMs,such as sugarcane bagasse,rice straw,saw dust and agricultural residues,are abun-dant...Lignocellulosic materials(LCMs),abundant biomass residues,pose significant environmental challenges when improperly disposed of.LCMs,such as sugarcane bagasse,rice straw,saw dust and agricultural residues,are abun-dant but often burned,contributing to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.This review explores the potential of transforming these materials into high-value carbon nanomaterials(CNMs).We explore the potential of transforming these materials into high-value CNMs.By employing techniques like carbonization and activa-tion,LCMs can be converted into various CNMs,including carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene(G),graphene oxide(GO),carbon quantum dots(CQDs),nanodiamonds(NDs),fullerenes(F),carbon nanofibers(CNFs),and others.Hybridizing different carbon allotropes further enhances their properties.CNMs derived from cellulose,lignin,and hemicellulose exhibit promising applications in diversefields.For instance,CNTs can be used in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.Additionally,CNTs can be incorporated into recycled paper as afire retardant additive,enhancing itsflame resistance.G,renowned for its high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity,finds applications in electronics,sensors,catalysis,and water treatment,where it can be used to adsorb heavy metal ions.CQDs,owing to their unique optical properties,are used in bioimaging,drug delivery,and optoelectronic devices.By harnessing the potential of LCMs,we can not only mitigate environmental concerns but also contri-bute to a sustainable future.Continued research is essential to optimize synthesis methods,explore novel applica-tions,and unlock the full potential of these versatile materials.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains one of the most common cancers worldwide.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization has become a common treatment modality for some patients with unresectable advanced HCC.Since the ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains one of the most common cancers worldwide.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization has become a common treatment modality for some patients with unresectable advanced HCC.Since the introduction of nanomaterials in 1974,their use in various fields has evolved rapidly.In medical applications,nanomaterials can serve as carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumour tissues.Additionally,nanomaterials have potential for in vivo tumour imaging.This article covers the properties and uses of several kinds of nanomaterials,focusing on their use in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for HCC treatment.This paper also discusses the limitations currently associated with the use of nanomaterials.展开更多
Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antib...Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antibiotic resistance,leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes.Thus,it is challenging to remove the organic biofilms from root canals.In recent years,light-responsive therapy,with deeper tissue penetration than traditional treatments,has emerged as an effective RCT modality.Herein,this review summarizes the recent development of light-responsive nanomaterials for biofilm removal in RCT.The light-responsive nanomaterials and the corresponding therapeutic methods in RCT,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),photothermal therapy(PTT),and laser-activated therapy,are highlighted.Finally,the challenges that light-responsive nanomaterials and treatment modalities will encounter to conquer the biofilm in future RCT are discussed.This review is believed to significantly accelerate the future development of light-responsive nanomaterials for RCT from bench to bedside.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D lea...To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.展开更多
Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma ...Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.展开更多
Bone repair remains an important target in tissue engineering,making the development of bioactive scaffolds for effective bone defect repair a critical objective.In this study,β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)scaffolds ...Bone repair remains an important target in tissue engineering,making the development of bioactive scaffolds for effective bone defect repair a critical objective.In this study,β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)scaffolds incorporated with processed pyritum decoction(PPD)were fabricated using three-dimensional(3D)printing-assisted freeze-casting.The produced composite scaffolds were evaluated for their mechanical strength,physicochemical properties,biocompatibility,in vitro proangiogenic activity,and in vivo efficacy in repairing rabbit femoral defects.They not only demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties,enhanced mechanical strength,and good biosafety but also significantly promoted the proliferation,migration,and aggregation of pro-angiogenic human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).In vivo studies revealed that all scaffold groups facilitated osteogenesis at the bone defect site,with theβ-TCP scaffolds loaded with PPD markedly enhancing the expression of neurogenic locus Notch homolog protein 1(Notch1),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),and osteopontin(OPN).Overall,the scaffolds developed in this study exhibited strong angiogenic and osteogenic capabilities both in vitro and in vivo.The incorporation of PPD notably promoted the angiogenic-osteogenic coupling,thereby accelerating bone repair,which suggests that PPD is a promising material for bone repair and that the PPD/β-TCP scaffolds hold great potential as a bone graft alternative.展开更多
Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation,as two of the most important protein post-translational modifications(PTMs),play key roles in living organisms.However,glycopeptides and phosphopeptides have low abundance in ...Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation,as two of the most important protein post-translational modifications(PTMs),play key roles in living organisms.However,glycopeptides and phosphopeptides have low abundance in biological samples.In addition,the low ionization efficiency and the severe signal interference in the presence of other peptides present great difficulties for their direct mass spectrometry(MS)analysis.Therefore,it is important to develop feasible enrichment strategies to pretreat glycopeptides and phosphopeptides in complex samples before MS detection.This paper reviews the application of various magnetic nanomaterials(MNMs)in glycopeptides and phosphopeptides in the last decade,with emphasis on the enrichment principles,the design and synthesis process of the materials,and the effectiveness of the application in biological samples.In addition,possible future trends and potential challenges are presented.展开更多
Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of...Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of catalytical materials.In 2019,we discussed the development trend of this field,and wrote a roadmap on this topic in Chinese Chemical Letters(30(2019)2065-2088).Nowadays,we discuss it again from a new viewpoint along this road.In this paper,several subtopics are discussed,e.g.,photocatalysis based on titanium dioxide,violet phosphorus,graphitic carbon and covalent organic frameworks,electrocatalysts based on carbon,metal-and covalent-organic framework.Finally,we hope that this roadmap can enrich the development of two-dimensional materials in environmental catalysis with novel understanding,and give useful inspiration to explore new catalysts for practical applications.展开更多
The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated cata...The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.展开更多
Nanomaterials are extensively utilized in a multitude of sectors,but their propensity to aggregate can considerably diminish the efficacy of functional materials.A pivotal challenge in this domain is achieving a homog...Nanomaterials are extensively utilized in a multitude of sectors,but their propensity to aggregate can considerably diminish the efficacy of functional materials.A pivotal challenge in this domain is achieving a homogenous distribution of nanomaterials,which is essential for enhancing their performance while also reducing production costs.In this work,we achieve uniform and stable dispersion of various nano-materials through the confinement effect generated by the stereocomplex cross-linked network formed by the combination of poly(L-lactic)acid and poly(D-lactic)acid.The unique confinement effect of poly-lactic acid(PLA)isomers is universal and significantly enhances the dispersion of nanomaterials in both PLA solutions and films.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we disperse aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules within PLA,which leads to the production of PLA films exhibiting improved fluorescence property.This work provides an effective solution for the preparation of nanocomposite ma-terials that are both high-performing and cost-efficient.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),black phosphorus nanotubes(BPNTs),and graphene derivatives exhibit significant promise for applications in nano-electromechanical systems(NEMS),energy storage,and sensing technologies due to the...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),black phosphorus nanotubes(BPNTs),and graphene derivatives exhibit significant promise for applications in nano-electromechanical systems(NEMS),energy storage,and sensing technologies due to their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties.This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the dynamic behaviors of these nanomaterials,with a particular focus on insights gained from molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.Key areas discussed include the oscillatory and rotational dynamics of double-walled CNTs,fabrication and stability challenges associated with BPNTs,and the emerging potential of graphyne nanotubes(GNTs).The review also outlines design strategies for enhancing nanodevice performance and underscores the importance of future efforts in experimental validation,multi-scale coupling analyses,and the development of novel nanocomposites to accelerate practical deployment.展开更多
In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring t...In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.展开更多
Thermoelectric(TE)materials,with the ability to convert heat into electrical energy,can generate micro-electrical fields at electronic interfaces with biological systems,making them applicable in electric-catalyzing a...Thermoelectric(TE)materials,with the ability to convert heat into electrical energy,can generate micro-electrical fields at electronic interfaces with biological systems,making them applicable in electric-catalyzing as nanozymes,and modulate the infected microenvironment of skin wounds.Thereby,by harnessing temperature differences in vitro or in vivo,TE nanomaterials can provide antimicrobial reactive oxygen species(ROS)by catalyzing redox reactions,thereby accelerating wound healing by suppressing infection.However,despite their promising potential,there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms,biocompatibility,and practical applications of TE nanomaterials in wound healing,as this is a newly-emerged sub-area of energy-related biomedical applications.This review aims to address this gap by highlighting the emerging progress of TE materials in wound healing,clarifying their mechanism and advances,emphasizing their potential challenges for commercialization and clinical use,and proposing novel design strategies of TE nanomaterials for effective antibacterial performance.展开更多
Presently,many asphalts and modified asphalts fail to satisfy long-term serviceability and durability criteria.Researchers are utilizing several asphalt modifiers to enhance the overall performance of flexible pavemen...Presently,many asphalts and modified asphalts fail to satisfy long-term serviceability and durability criteria.Researchers are utilizing several asphalt modifiers to enhance the overall performance of flexible pavements.This study consolidated findings from multiple research efforts on using nanomaterials for modifying SBS modified asphalt(SBS MA)and conducted a comprehensive literature review.Initially,it discussed the importance of SBS MA within asphalt modification systems and identified the key nanomaterials utilized in SBS modified asphalt.After this,it reviewed their preparation methods,dispersion and characterization techniques,and their impact on the key performance parameters of SBS MA binder and its mixture such as viscosity,rutting resistance,fatigue resistance,ageing and moisture damage etc.Additionally,it highlighted the advantages of nanomaterials over other modifiers.This study also addressed the challenges and limitations of incorporating nanomaterials in SBS MA.The findings indicated that when properly integrated,nanomaterials could significantly improve the performance of SBS MA,making them a promising addition to future road construction and maintenance projects.However,using nanomaterials for SBS MA modifications and mixtures has been challenged by limited practical applications,insufficient life cycle cost analyses,a lack of standardized guidelines,cost-effective nanomaterials and insufficient mixing procedures.Those areas require additional research to realise the potential application of nanomaterials in SBS modified asphalt modifications full.展开更多
Nanomaterials have garnered recognition for their notable surface effects and demonstration of superior mechanical properties.Previous studies on the surface effects of nanomaterials,employing the finite element metho...Nanomaterials have garnered recognition for their notable surface effects and demonstration of superior mechanical properties.Previous studies on the surface effects of nanomaterials,employing the finite element method,often relied on simplified twodimensional models due to theoretical complexities.Consequently,these simplified models inadequately represent the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and fail to capture the substantial impact of surface effects,particularly the curvature dependence of nanosurfaces.This study applies the principle of minimum energy and leverages the Steigmann-Ogden surface theory of nanomaterials to formulate a novel finite element surface element that comprehensively accounts for surface effects.We conducted an analysis of the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of four typical 2D and 3D nanomaterial models.The accuracy of the developed surface element and finite element calculation method was verified through comparison with established references.The resulting finite element model provides a robust and compelling scientific approach for accurately predicting the mechanical performance of nanomaterials.展开更多
Rapidly growing population,escalating urbanization,and industrialization are causing the depletion of non-renewable resources and air pollution,a silent pandemic responsible for billions of global mortalities.Sensors ...Rapidly growing population,escalating urbanization,and industrialization are causing the depletion of non-renewable resources and air pollution,a silent pandemic responsible for billions of global mortalities.Sensors are crucial vectors for monitoring the emission of various gases/volatile organic compoundsbased pollutants from various anthropogenic sources.Borophene-based nanomaterials(BNMs)are the latest two-dimensional flatlands to this emergent next-generation sensors family with exceptional and tunable physicochemical attributes characterized by high anisotropy,thermal/mechanical resilience,tunable bandgaps,light-weight,high charge carrier mobility,and excellent adsorption efficacies.However,the practical implementation and scalability of BNMs grapple with challenges,including instability,substrateto-device transfer complications,and optimization intricacies.This comprehensive review delves into state-of-the-art BNM sensor fabrication techniques,intertwining theoretical insights derived from density functional theory and molecular dynamics with practical evaluations and on-site applications.Besides,the fundamental challenges associated with engineering BNM sensors and their alternate solutions by employing various strategies,including surface termination,functionalization,hydrogenation,hybridization,architecting composites,and green chemistry,are detailed.This review offers a roadmap from lab to market,bridging theoretical insights with practical implementation and expediting the advanced BNM sensors with wearable,remotely accessible,point-of-care,scavenging,self-powered,biocompatible,and intelligent modules for pollution management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major...BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels remains a substantial clinical challenge.Traditionally,these cases often require open abdominal surgery or combined organ resections,and in some instances,the tumors are considered unresectable.Currently,no reports have described the resection of such tumors via laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after the incidental discovery of a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion.Imaging revealed a mass with the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery passing through it.A neurogenic tumor was suspected,with ganglioneuroma being the most likely diagnosis.Following comprehensive preoperative preparation,the retroperitoneal tumor was resected using a three-dimensional laparoscopy combined with an organ suspension technique.The surgical approach involved incising the tumor along the vascular axis and conducting meticulous,vascular-preserving tumor excision.The operation lasted approximately 458 minutes,with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL.The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day.A transient liver injury occurred after surgery but improved rapidly.After 11 months of postoperative follow-up,no complications or tumor recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the feasibility of minimally invasive laparoscopic resection for retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels.展开更多
基金Suppoted by National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41130746, 41272371)the Doctor Foundation of SWUST of China (Grant No. 11zx7139)
文摘Although scientific and policy bodies have stated that nanomaterials are not intrinsically toxic, there is interest in evaluating if and how many engineered nanomaterials may do harm to the health of mankind and the ecological environment. The interaction between nano-TiO2 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by using TDFS and UV methods in this research.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.22ZR147750Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.23Y11906600Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Innovative Clinical Research Project,No.2020YLCYJ-Y02(all to YY).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.
文摘Lignocellulosic materials(LCMs),abundant biomass residues,pose significant environmental challenges when improperly disposed of.LCMs,such as sugarcane bagasse,rice straw,saw dust and agricultural residues,are abun-dant but often burned,contributing to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.This review explores the potential of transforming these materials into high-value carbon nanomaterials(CNMs).We explore the potential of transforming these materials into high-value CNMs.By employing techniques like carbonization and activa-tion,LCMs can be converted into various CNMs,including carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene(G),graphene oxide(GO),carbon quantum dots(CQDs),nanodiamonds(NDs),fullerenes(F),carbon nanofibers(CNFs),and others.Hybridizing different carbon allotropes further enhances their properties.CNMs derived from cellulose,lignin,and hemicellulose exhibit promising applications in diversefields.For instance,CNTs can be used in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.Additionally,CNTs can be incorporated into recycled paper as afire retardant additive,enhancing itsflame resistance.G,renowned for its high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity,finds applications in electronics,sensors,catalysis,and water treatment,where it can be used to adsorb heavy metal ions.CQDs,owing to their unique optical properties,are used in bioimaging,drug delivery,and optoelectronic devices.By harnessing the potential of LCMs,we can not only mitigate environmental concerns but also contri-bute to a sustainable future.Continued research is essential to optimize synthesis methods,explore novel applica-tions,and unlock the full potential of these versatile materials.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains one of the most common cancers worldwide.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization has become a common treatment modality for some patients with unresectable advanced HCC.Since the introduction of nanomaterials in 1974,their use in various fields has evolved rapidly.In medical applications,nanomaterials can serve as carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumour tissues.Additionally,nanomaterials have potential for in vivo tumour imaging.This article covers the properties and uses of several kinds of nanomaterials,focusing on their use in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for HCC treatment.This paper also discusses the limitations currently associated with the use of nanomaterials.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200092)。
文摘Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antibiotic resistance,leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes.Thus,it is challenging to remove the organic biofilms from root canals.In recent years,light-responsive therapy,with deeper tissue penetration than traditional treatments,has emerged as an effective RCT modality.Herein,this review summarizes the recent development of light-responsive nanomaterials for biofilm removal in RCT.The light-responsive nanomaterials and the corresponding therapeutic methods in RCT,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),photothermal therapy(PTT),and laser-activated therapy,are highlighted.Finally,the challenges that light-responsive nanomaterials and treatment modalities will encounter to conquer the biofilm in future RCT are discussed.This review is believed to significantly accelerate the future development of light-responsive nanomaterials for RCT from bench to bedside.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
文摘To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.
文摘Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.81373970,81773902,81973484,and 32171402)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.201810315019)+4 种基金the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Nos.SJCX21_0712 and KYCX23_2052)the Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XYLD2024013)the Youth Scientific Research Project of Jiangyin Municipal Health Commission(No.Q202402)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.XZR2024173)the Jiangyin Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project(No.JY0603A011014230032PB),China.
文摘Bone repair remains an important target in tissue engineering,making the development of bioactive scaffolds for effective bone defect repair a critical objective.In this study,β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)scaffolds incorporated with processed pyritum decoction(PPD)were fabricated using three-dimensional(3D)printing-assisted freeze-casting.The produced composite scaffolds were evaluated for their mechanical strength,physicochemical properties,biocompatibility,in vitro proangiogenic activity,and in vivo efficacy in repairing rabbit femoral defects.They not only demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties,enhanced mechanical strength,and good biosafety but also significantly promoted the proliferation,migration,and aggregation of pro-angiogenic human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).In vivo studies revealed that all scaffold groups facilitated osteogenesis at the bone defect site,with theβ-TCP scaffolds loaded with PPD markedly enhancing the expression of neurogenic locus Notch homolog protein 1(Notch1),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),and osteopontin(OPN).Overall,the scaffolds developed in this study exhibited strong angiogenic and osteogenic capabilities both in vitro and in vivo.The incorporation of PPD notably promoted the angiogenic-osteogenic coupling,thereby accelerating bone repair,which suggests that PPD is a promising material for bone repair and that the PPD/β-TCP scaffolds hold great potential as a bone graft alternative.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0613402)。
文摘Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation,as two of the most important protein post-translational modifications(PTMs),play key roles in living organisms.However,glycopeptides and phosphopeptides have low abundance in biological samples.In addition,the low ionization efficiency and the severe signal interference in the presence of other peptides present great difficulties for their direct mass spectrometry(MS)analysis.Therefore,it is important to develop feasible enrichment strategies to pretreat glycopeptides and phosphopeptides in complex samples before MS detection.This paper reviews the application of various magnetic nanomaterials(MNMs)in glycopeptides and phosphopeptides in the last decade,with emphasis on the enrichment principles,the design and synthesis process of the materials,and the effectiveness of the application in biological samples.In addition,possible future trends and potential challenges are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272290,21972030,52073119,and 52373210)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20230101029JC)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202303021212159)the Monash University Malaysia–ASEAN grant(No.ASE-000010)。
文摘Environmental catalysis has been considered one of the important research topics.Some technologies(e.g.,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)have been intensively developed with the advance of synthetic technologies of catalytical materials.In 2019,we discussed the development trend of this field,and wrote a roadmap on this topic in Chinese Chemical Letters(30(2019)2065-2088).Nowadays,we discuss it again from a new viewpoint along this road.In this paper,several subtopics are discussed,e.g.,photocatalysis based on titanium dioxide,violet phosphorus,graphitic carbon and covalent organic frameworks,electrocatalysts based on carbon,metal-and covalent-organic framework.Finally,we hope that this roadmap can enrich the development of two-dimensional materials in environmental catalysis with novel understanding,and give useful inspiration to explore new catalysts for practical applications.
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA23073008)Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction(Wuhan University)(No.2023–05)Nanning Innovation and Entrepreneur Leading Talent Project(No.2021001).
文摘The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3804204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52127805,52102090,12172005,and 12325202)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Uni-versities(No.2232022D-04)the Innovation and Development Sup-port Plan for Key Industries in Southern Xinjiang(No.2022DB011).
文摘Nanomaterials are extensively utilized in a multitude of sectors,but their propensity to aggregate can considerably diminish the efficacy of functional materials.A pivotal challenge in this domain is achieving a homogenous distribution of nanomaterials,which is essential for enhancing their performance while also reducing production costs.In this work,we achieve uniform and stable dispersion of various nano-materials through the confinement effect generated by the stereocomplex cross-linked network formed by the combination of poly(L-lactic)acid and poly(D-lactic)acid.The unique confinement effect of poly-lactic acid(PLA)isomers is universal and significantly enhances the dispersion of nanomaterials in both PLA solutions and films.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we disperse aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules within PLA,which leads to the production of PLA films exhibiting improved fluorescence property.This work provides an effective solution for the preparation of nanocomposite ma-terials that are both high-performing and cost-efficient.
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),black phosphorus nanotubes(BPNTs),and graphene derivatives exhibit significant promise for applications in nano-electromechanical systems(NEMS),energy storage,and sensing technologies due to their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties.This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the dynamic behaviors of these nanomaterials,with a particular focus on insights gained from molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.Key areas discussed include the oscillatory and rotational dynamics of double-walled CNTs,fabrication and stability challenges associated with BPNTs,and the emerging potential of graphyne nanotubes(GNTs).The review also outlines design strategies for enhancing nanodevice performance and underscores the importance of future efforts in experimental validation,multi-scale coupling analyses,and the development of novel nanocomposites to accelerate practical deployment.
基金Sponsored by the Project of Sichuan Landscape and Recreation Research Center(JGYQ2020037).
文摘In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2023ZYD0064 and 2023YFG0220)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YJ202242)the Research Funding from West China School/Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University(No.QDJF2022–2).
文摘Thermoelectric(TE)materials,with the ability to convert heat into electrical energy,can generate micro-electrical fields at electronic interfaces with biological systems,making them applicable in electric-catalyzing as nanozymes,and modulate the infected microenvironment of skin wounds.Thereby,by harnessing temperature differences in vitro or in vivo,TE nanomaterials can provide antimicrobial reactive oxygen species(ROS)by catalyzing redox reactions,thereby accelerating wound healing by suppressing infection.However,despite their promising potential,there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms,biocompatibility,and practical applications of TE nanomaterials in wound healing,as this is a newly-emerged sub-area of energy-related biomedical applications.This review aims to address this gap by highlighting the emerging progress of TE materials in wound healing,clarifying their mechanism and advances,emphasizing their potential challenges for commercialization and clinical use,and proposing novel design strategies of TE nanomaterials for effective antibacterial performance.
基金supported by the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province(No.2024GX-YBXM-371)Shaanxi Qinchuangyuan“Scientists+Engineers”Team Construction Project(2025QCY-KXJ-141).
文摘Presently,many asphalts and modified asphalts fail to satisfy long-term serviceability and durability criteria.Researchers are utilizing several asphalt modifiers to enhance the overall performance of flexible pavements.This study consolidated findings from multiple research efforts on using nanomaterials for modifying SBS modified asphalt(SBS MA)and conducted a comprehensive literature review.Initially,it discussed the importance of SBS MA within asphalt modification systems and identified the key nanomaterials utilized in SBS modified asphalt.After this,it reviewed their preparation methods,dispersion and characterization techniques,and their impact on the key performance parameters of SBS MA binder and its mixture such as viscosity,rutting resistance,fatigue resistance,ageing and moisture damage etc.Additionally,it highlighted the advantages of nanomaterials over other modifiers.This study also addressed the challenges and limitations of incorporating nanomaterials in SBS MA.The findings indicated that when properly integrated,nanomaterials could significantly improve the performance of SBS MA,making them a promising addition to future road construction and maintenance projects.However,using nanomaterials for SBS MA modifications and mixtures has been challenged by limited practical applications,insufficient life cycle cost analyses,a lack of standardized guidelines,cost-effective nanomaterials and insufficient mixing procedures.Those areas require additional research to realise the potential application of nanomaterials in SBS modified asphalt modifications full.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (Grant No.2023ZB397)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2023M732986).
文摘Nanomaterials have garnered recognition for their notable surface effects and demonstration of superior mechanical properties.Previous studies on the surface effects of nanomaterials,employing the finite element method,often relied on simplified twodimensional models due to theoretical complexities.Consequently,these simplified models inadequately represent the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and fail to capture the substantial impact of surface effects,particularly the curvature dependence of nanosurfaces.This study applies the principle of minimum energy and leverages the Steigmann-Ogden surface theory of nanomaterials to formulate a novel finite element surface element that comprehensively accounts for surface effects.We conducted an analysis of the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of four typical 2D and 3D nanomaterial models.The accuracy of the developed surface element and finite element calculation method was verified through comparison with established references.The resulting finite element model provides a robust and compelling scientific approach for accurately predicting the mechanical performance of nanomaterials.
文摘Rapidly growing population,escalating urbanization,and industrialization are causing the depletion of non-renewable resources and air pollution,a silent pandemic responsible for billions of global mortalities.Sensors are crucial vectors for monitoring the emission of various gases/volatile organic compoundsbased pollutants from various anthropogenic sources.Borophene-based nanomaterials(BNMs)are the latest two-dimensional flatlands to this emergent next-generation sensors family with exceptional and tunable physicochemical attributes characterized by high anisotropy,thermal/mechanical resilience,tunable bandgaps,light-weight,high charge carrier mobility,and excellent adsorption efficacies.However,the practical implementation and scalability of BNMs grapple with challenges,including instability,substrateto-device transfer complications,and optimization intricacies.This comprehensive review delves into state-of-the-art BNM sensor fabrication techniques,intertwining theoretical insights derived from density functional theory and molecular dynamics with practical evaluations and on-site applications.Besides,the fundamental challenges associated with engineering BNM sensors and their alternate solutions by employing various strategies,including surface termination,functionalization,hydrogenation,hybridization,architecting composites,and green chemistry,are detailed.This review offers a roadmap from lab to market,bridging theoretical insights with practical implementation and expediting the advanced BNM sensors with wearable,remotely accessible,point-of-care,scavenging,self-powered,biocompatible,and intelligent modules for pollution management.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2022KY1325 and No.2023KY381Public Welfare Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Plan,No.2023-4-084Major Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Plan,No.2023-3-066.
文摘BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels remains a substantial clinical challenge.Traditionally,these cases often require open abdominal surgery or combined organ resections,and in some instances,the tumors are considered unresectable.Currently,no reports have described the resection of such tumors via laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after the incidental discovery of a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion.Imaging revealed a mass with the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery passing through it.A neurogenic tumor was suspected,with ganglioneuroma being the most likely diagnosis.Following comprehensive preoperative preparation,the retroperitoneal tumor was resected using a three-dimensional laparoscopy combined with an organ suspension technique.The surgical approach involved incising the tumor along the vascular axis and conducting meticulous,vascular-preserving tumor excision.The operation lasted approximately 458 minutes,with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL.The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day.A transient liver injury occurred after surgery but improved rapidly.After 11 months of postoperative follow-up,no complications or tumor recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the feasibility of minimally invasive laparoscopic resection for retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels.
