In response to the construction needs of “Real 3D China”, the system structure, functional framework, application direction and product form of block level augmented reality three-dimensional map is designed. Those ...In response to the construction needs of “Real 3D China”, the system structure, functional framework, application direction and product form of block level augmented reality three-dimensional map is designed. Those provide references and ideas for the later large-scale production of augmented reality three-dimensional map. The augmented reality three-dimensional map is produced based on skyline software. Including the map browsing, measurement and analysis and so on, the basic function of three-dimensional map is realized. The special functional module including housing management, pipeline management and so on is developed combining the need of residential quarters development, that expands the application fields of augmented reality three-dimensional map. Those lay the groundwork for the application of augmented reality three-dimensional map. .展开更多
Objective:Few studies have been conducted to establish animal models of left bundle branch block by using three-dimensional mapping systems.This research was aimed at creating a canine left bundle branch block model b...Objective:Few studies have been conducted to establish animal models of left bundle branch block by using three-dimensional mapping systems.This research was aimed at creating a canine left bundle branch block model by using a three-dimensional mapping system.Materials and Methods:We used a three-dimensional mapping system to map and ablate the left bundle branch in beagles.Results:Ten canines underwent radiofrequency ablation,among which left bundle branch block was successfully es-tablished in eight,one experienced ventricular fibrillation,and one developed third-degree atrioventricular block.The maximum HV interval measured within the left ventricle was 29.00±2.93 ms,and the LBP-V interval at the ablation site was 20.63±2.77 ms.The LBP-V interval at the ablation target was 71.08%of the maximum HV interval.Conclusion:This three-dimensional mapping system is a reliable and effective guide for ablation of the left bundle branch in dogs.展开更多
The intricate anatomy of the corpus cavernosum in both the flaccid and tumescent state has not been fully elucidated. We report our experience using a three-dimensional （3D） scanner to reconstruct cadaveric casts an...The intricate anatomy of the corpus cavernosum in both the flaccid and tumescent state has not been fully elucidated. We report our experience using a three-dimensional （3D） scanner to reconstruct cadaveric casts and compare them with 3D images of two prototypes of penile prosthesis. Two different models of the Titan Coloplast inflatable penile prosthesis were analyzed using a 3D scanner. The first was the standard model and the second was a newer model with a rounder silicone tip. Two cadaveric phalluses were harvested using Smooth-Cast 300Q polyurethane molding. The molds were excised and scanned along side the penile prosthesis. 3D scans were completed and analyzed using Leios Mesh software, and GOM Inspect software. The 3D scans demonstrated the mean human corporal radii 2 mm from the distal tip to be 36.51 mm （36.01-37.0 mm）, which is an obtuse angle. The standard Titan penile prosthesis spherical radius at the same level was 202.52 mm, while the new silicone tip prosthesis had a radius of 139.33 mm. 3D mapping further demonstrated the trajectory of the cavernosa appeared curvilinear and the distal ends appeared blunt. The use of cadaveric cavernosal molds in combination with the 3D scanner allowed us to accurately image the corpus cavernosum for the first time. Our findings suggest that anatomically accurate corporal tips appear to be relatively blunt and that the new Titan silicone tip penile prosthesis more closely resembles the human corporal tip.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results ca...Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.展开更多
Interstellar dust plays a crucial role in astrophysics,affecting the observed properties of stars and galaxies by absorbing and scattering light.The extinction curve,which describes how this effect varies with wavelen...Interstellar dust plays a crucial role in astrophysics,affecting the observed properties of stars and galaxies by absorbing and scattering light.The extinction curve,which describes how this effect varies with wavelength,is characterized by the parameter RðVÞ,defined as the ratio of total to selective extinction.展开更多
To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D lea...To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.展开更多
Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma ...Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.展开更多
To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets ...To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets of concealed ore bodies,three-dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling(MPM)of the deposit has been conducted using the weights-of-evidence(WofE)method.Conditional independence between evidence layers was tested,and the outline results using the prediction-volume(P-V)and Student's t-statistic methods for delineating favorable mineralization areas from continuous posterior probability map were critically compared.Four exploration targets delineated ultimately by the Student's t-statistic method for the discovery of minable ore bodies in each of the target areas were discussed in detail.The main conclusions include:(1)three-dimensional modeling of a deposit using multi-source reconnaissance data is useful for MPM in interpreting their relationships with known ore bodies;(2)WofE modeling can be used as a straightforward tool for integrating deposit model and reconnaissance data in MPM;(3)the Student's t-statistic method is more applicable in binarizing the continuous prospectivity map for exploration targeting than the PV approach;and(4)two target areas within high potential to find undiscovered ore bodies were diagnosed to guide future near-mine exploration activities of the Jinshan deposit.展开更多
It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimens...It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)models are relatively straightforward but time-consuming.One potential solution to enhance this process is to use machine learning algorithms to detect the 3D traces.In this study,a unique pixel-wise texture mapper algorithm generates a dense point cloud representation of an outcrop with the precise resolution of the original textured 3D model.A virtual digital image rendering was then employed to capture virtual images of selected regions.This technique helps to overcome limitations caused by the surface morphology of the rock mass,such as restricted access,lighting conditions,and shading effects.After AI-powered trace detection on two-dimensional(2D)images,a 3D data structuring technique was applied to the selected trace pixels.In the 3D data structuring,the trace data were structured through 2D thinning,3D reprojection,clustering,segmentation,and segment linking.Finally,the linked segments were exported as 3D polylines,with each polyline in the output corresponding to a trace.The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed using a 3D model of a real-world case study,which was used to compare the results of artificial intelligence(AI)-aided and human intelligence trace detection.Rosette diagrams,which visualize the distribution of trace orientations,confirmed the high similarity between the automatically and manually generated trace maps.In conclusion,the proposed semi-automatic method was easy to use,fast,and accurate in detecting the dominant jointing system of the rock mass.展开更多
The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated cata...The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.展开更多
In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring t...In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major...BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels remains a substantial clinical challenge.Traditionally,these cases often require open abdominal surgery or combined organ resections,and in some instances,the tumors are considered unresectable.Currently,no reports have described the resection of such tumors via laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after the incidental discovery of a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion.Imaging revealed a mass with the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery passing through it.A neurogenic tumor was suspected,with ganglioneuroma being the most likely diagnosis.Following comprehensive preoperative preparation,the retroperitoneal tumor was resected using a three-dimensional laparoscopy combined with an organ suspension technique.The surgical approach involved incising the tumor along the vascular axis and conducting meticulous,vascular-preserving tumor excision.The operation lasted approximately 458 minutes,with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL.The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day.A transient liver injury occurred after surgery but improved rapidly.After 11 months of postoperative follow-up,no complications or tumor recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the feasibility of minimally invasive laparoscopic resection for retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels.展开更多
Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of t...Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of thermal invisibility schemes,they still face two limitations in practical applications.First,objects are typically completely enclosed in traditional cloaks,making them difficult to use and unsuitable for objects with heat sources.Second,although some theoretical proposals have been put forth to change the thermal conductivity of materials to achieve dynamic invisibility,their designs are complex and rigid,making them unsuitable for large-scale use in real threedimensional(3D)spaces.Here,we propose a concept of a thermal dome to achieve 3D invisibility.Our scheme includes an open functional area,greatly enhancing its usability and applicability.It features a reconfigurable structure,constructed with simple isotropic natural materials,making it suitable for dynamic requirements.The performance of our reconfigurable thermal dome has been confirmed through simulations and experiments,consistent with the theory.The introduction of this concept can greatly advance the development of thermal invisibility technology from theory to engineering and provide inspiration for other physical domains,such as direct current electric fields and magnetic fields.展开更多
The three-dimensional spectral analysis method was applied to airglow data from September 2023 to August 2024 derivedfrom an OH airglow imager located at the Hejing station (42.79°N, 83.73°E) to study the pr...The three-dimensional spectral analysis method was applied to airglow data from September 2023 to August 2024 derivedfrom an OH airglow imager located at the Hejing station (42.79°N, 83.73°E) to study the propagation characteristics of gravity waves(GWs) over Northwest China. We found that obvious seasonal variations occur in the propagation of GWs. In spring, GWs mainlypropagate in the northeast direction. In summer and autumn, GWs mainly propagate in the north direction. However, GWs mainlypropagate in the south direction in winter. The direction of GW propagation in the zonal direction is controlled by the wind-filteringeffect, whereas the north–south meridional direction is mainly determined by the location of the wave source. We found that the averageenergy spectrum exhibits a 10%–20% higher intensity in summer and winter compared with spring and autumn. For the first time, wereport the seasonal variation characteristics of GWs over the inland areas of Northwest China, which is of great significance forunderstanding the regional distribution characteristics of GWs.展开更多
Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With ...Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are ne...BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.展开更多
In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understandin...In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.展开更多
To address the poor mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)and enhance the understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms of aerogel network structures in rubber matrices,this study reinforced PDMS using an...To address the poor mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)and enhance the understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms of aerogel network structures in rubber matrices,this study reinforced PDMS using an ordered interconnected three-dimensional montmorillonite(MMT)aerogel network.The average pore diameter of the aerogels was successfully reduced from 11.53μm to 2.51μm by adjusting the ratio of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)to MMT via directional freezing.Changes in the aerogel network were observed in field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)images.After vacuum impregnation,the aerogel network structure of the composites was observed using FESEM.Tensile tests indicated that as the pore diameter decreased,the elongation at break of the composites first increased to a peak of329.61%before decreasing,while the tensile strength and Young's modulus continuously increased to their maximum values of 6.29 MPa and24.67 MPa,respectively.Meanwhile,FESEM images of the tensile cracks and fracture surfaces showed that with a reduction in aerogel pore diameter,the degrees of crack deflection and interfacial debonding increased,presenting a rougher fracture surface.These phenomena enable the composites to dissipate substantial energy during tension,thus effectively improving the mechanical strength of the composites.The present work elucidates the bearing of ordered three-dimensional aerogel network structures on the performance of rubber matrices and provides crucial theoretical insights and technical guidance for the creation and optimization of high-performance PDMS-based composites.展开更多
Oceanic dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration is crucial for assessing the status of marine ecosystems.Against the backdrop of global warming,DO shows a general decrease,posing a threat to the health of marine ecosystems....Oceanic dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration is crucial for assessing the status of marine ecosystems.Against the backdrop of global warming,DO shows a general decrease,posing a threat to the health of marine ecosystems.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop advanced tools to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of three-dimensional(3D)DO.To address this challenge,this study introduces the Light Gradient Boosting Machine(Light-GBM),combining satellite remote sensing and reanalysis data with Biogeochemical Argo data to accurately reconstruct the 3D DO structure in the Mediterranean Sea from 2010 to 2022.Various environmental parameters are incorporated as inputs,including spatiotemporal features,meteorological characteristics,and ocean color properties.The LightGBM model demonstrates excellent performance on the testing dataset with R^(2) of 0.958.The modeled DO agrees better with in-situ measurements than products from numerical models.Using the Shapley Additive exPlanations method,the contributions of input features are assessed.Sea surface temperatures provide a correlation with DO at the sea surface,while spatial coordinates supplement the view of the ocean interior.Based on the reconstructed 3D DO structure,we identify an oxygen minimum zone in the western Mediterranean that expands continuously,reaching depths of approximately 300–800 m.The western Mediterranean exhibits a significant declining trend.This study enhances marine environmental evidence by proposing a precise and cost-effective approach for reconstructing 3D DO,thereby offering insights into the dynamics of DO variations under changing climatic conditions.展开更多
文摘In response to the construction needs of “Real 3D China”, the system structure, functional framework, application direction and product form of block level augmented reality three-dimensional map is designed. Those provide references and ideas for the later large-scale production of augmented reality three-dimensional map. The augmented reality three-dimensional map is produced based on skyline software. Including the map browsing, measurement and analysis and so on, the basic function of three-dimensional map is realized. The special functional module including housing management, pipeline management and so on is developed combining the need of residential quarters development, that expands the application fields of augmented reality three-dimensional map. Those lay the groundwork for the application of augmented reality three-dimensional map. .
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Researchers of China(grant Nos:82000315,82000325 and 82100325).
文摘Objective:Few studies have been conducted to establish animal models of left bundle branch block by using three-dimensional mapping systems.This research was aimed at creating a canine left bundle branch block model by using a three-dimensional mapping system.Materials and Methods:We used a three-dimensional mapping system to map and ablate the left bundle branch in beagles.Results:Ten canines underwent radiofrequency ablation,among which left bundle branch block was successfully es-tablished in eight,one experienced ventricular fibrillation,and one developed third-degree atrioventricular block.The maximum HV interval measured within the left ventricle was 29.00±2.93 ms,and the LBP-V interval at the ablation site was 20.63±2.77 ms.The LBP-V interval at the ablation target was 71.08%of the maximum HV interval.Conclusion:This three-dimensional mapping system is a reliable and effective guide for ablation of the left bundle branch in dogs.
文摘The intricate anatomy of the corpus cavernosum in both the flaccid and tumescent state has not been fully elucidated. We report our experience using a three-dimensional （3D） scanner to reconstruct cadaveric casts and compare them with 3D images of two prototypes of penile prosthesis. Two different models of the Titan Coloplast inflatable penile prosthesis were analyzed using a 3D scanner. The first was the standard model and the second was a newer model with a rounder silicone tip. Two cadaveric phalluses were harvested using Smooth-Cast 300Q polyurethane molding. The molds were excised and scanned along side the penile prosthesis. 3D scans were completed and analyzed using Leios Mesh software, and GOM Inspect software. The 3D scans demonstrated the mean human corporal radii 2 mm from the distal tip to be 36.51 mm （36.01-37.0 mm）, which is an obtuse angle. The standard Titan penile prosthesis spherical radius at the same level was 202.52 mm, while the new silicone tip prosthesis had a radius of 139.33 mm. 3D mapping further demonstrated the trajectory of the cavernosa appeared curvilinear and the distal ends appeared blunt. The use of cadaveric cavernosal molds in combination with the 3D scanner allowed us to accurately image the corpus cavernosum for the first time. Our findings suggest that anatomically accurate corporal tips appear to be relatively blunt and that the new Titan silicone tip penile prosthesis more closely resembles the human corporal tip.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3081200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077264)the Scientific Research Project of PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited(HDEC-2022-0301).
文摘Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.
文摘Interstellar dust plays a crucial role in astrophysics,affecting the observed properties of stars and galaxies by absorbing and scattering light.The extinction curve,which describes how this effect varies with wavelength,is characterized by the parameter RðVÞ,defined as the ratio of total to selective extinction.
文摘To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.
文摘Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2022YFF0801201,2021YFC2900300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872245,U1911202)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515010666)。
文摘To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets of concealed ore bodies,three-dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling(MPM)of the deposit has been conducted using the weights-of-evidence(WofE)method.Conditional independence between evidence layers was tested,and the outline results using the prediction-volume(P-V)and Student's t-statistic methods for delineating favorable mineralization areas from continuous posterior probability map were critically compared.Four exploration targets delineated ultimately by the Student's t-statistic method for the discovery of minable ore bodies in each of the target areas were discussed in detail.The main conclusions include:(1)three-dimensional modeling of a deposit using multi-source reconnaissance data is useful for MPM in interpreting their relationships with known ore bodies;(2)WofE modeling can be used as a straightforward tool for integrating deposit model and reconnaissance data in MPM;(3)the Student's t-statistic method is more applicable in binarizing the continuous prospectivity map for exploration targeting than the PV approach;and(4)two target areas within high potential to find undiscovered ore bodies were diagnosed to guide future near-mine exploration activities of the Jinshan deposit.
基金supported by grants from the Human Resources Development program (Grant No.20204010600250)the Training Program of CCUS for the Green Growth (Grant No.20214000000500)by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy of the Korean Government (MOTIE).
文摘It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)models are relatively straightforward but time-consuming.One potential solution to enhance this process is to use machine learning algorithms to detect the 3D traces.In this study,a unique pixel-wise texture mapper algorithm generates a dense point cloud representation of an outcrop with the precise resolution of the original textured 3D model.A virtual digital image rendering was then employed to capture virtual images of selected regions.This technique helps to overcome limitations caused by the surface morphology of the rock mass,such as restricted access,lighting conditions,and shading effects.After AI-powered trace detection on two-dimensional(2D)images,a 3D data structuring technique was applied to the selected trace pixels.In the 3D data structuring,the trace data were structured through 2D thinning,3D reprojection,clustering,segmentation,and segment linking.Finally,the linked segments were exported as 3D polylines,with each polyline in the output corresponding to a trace.The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed using a 3D model of a real-world case study,which was used to compare the results of artificial intelligence(AI)-aided and human intelligence trace detection.Rosette diagrams,which visualize the distribution of trace orientations,confirmed the high similarity between the automatically and manually generated trace maps.In conclusion,the proposed semi-automatic method was easy to use,fast,and accurate in detecting the dominant jointing system of the rock mass.
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA23073008)Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction(Wuhan University)(No.2023–05)Nanning Innovation and Entrepreneur Leading Talent Project(No.2021001).
文摘The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.
基金Sponsored by the Project of Sichuan Landscape and Recreation Research Center(JGYQ2020037).
文摘In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2022KY1325 and No.2023KY381Public Welfare Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Plan,No.2023-4-084Major Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Plan,No.2023-3-066.
文摘BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels remains a substantial clinical challenge.Traditionally,these cases often require open abdominal surgery or combined organ resections,and in some instances,the tumors are considered unresectable.Currently,no reports have described the resection of such tumors via laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after the incidental discovery of a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion.Imaging revealed a mass with the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery passing through it.A neurogenic tumor was suspected,with ganglioneuroma being the most likely diagnosis.Following comprehensive preoperative preparation,the retroperitoneal tumor was resected using a three-dimensional laparoscopy combined with an organ suspension technique.The surgical approach involved incising the tumor along the vascular axis and conducting meticulous,vascular-preserving tumor excision.The operation lasted approximately 458 minutes,with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL.The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day.A transient liver injury occurred after surgery but improved rapidly.After 11 months of postoperative follow-up,no complications or tumor recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the feasibility of minimally invasive laparoscopic resection for retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Jiping Huang(12035004 and 12320101004)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission to Jiping Huang(2023ZKZD06)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Ying Li(92163123 and 52250191)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China to Ying Li(LZ24A050002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Liujun Xu(12375040,12088101,and U2330401).
文摘Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of thermal invisibility schemes,they still face two limitations in practical applications.First,objects are typically completely enclosed in traditional cloaks,making them difficult to use and unsuitable for objects with heat sources.Second,although some theoretical proposals have been put forth to change the thermal conductivity of materials to achieve dynamic invisibility,their designs are complex and rigid,making them unsuitable for large-scale use in real threedimensional(3D)spaces.Here,we propose a concept of a thermal dome to achieve 3D invisibility.Our scheme includes an open functional area,greatly enhancing its usability and applicability.It features a reconfigurable structure,constructed with simple isotropic natural materials,making it suitable for dynamic requirements.The performance of our reconfigurable thermal dome has been confirmed through simulations and experiments,consistent with the theory.The introduction of this concept can greatly advance the development of thermal invisibility technology from theory to engineering and provide inspiration for other physical domains,such as direct current electric fields and magnetic fields.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42374205 and 41974179)the Specialized Research Fund of the National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.E4PD3010)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories.
文摘The three-dimensional spectral analysis method was applied to airglow data from September 2023 to August 2024 derivedfrom an OH airglow imager located at the Hejing station (42.79°N, 83.73°E) to study the propagation characteristics of gravity waves(GWs) over Northwest China. We found that obvious seasonal variations occur in the propagation of GWs. In spring, GWs mainlypropagate in the northeast direction. In summer and autumn, GWs mainly propagate in the north direction. However, GWs mainlypropagate in the south direction in winter. The direction of GW propagation in the zonal direction is controlled by the wind-filteringeffect, whereas the north–south meridional direction is mainly determined by the location of the wave source. We found that the averageenergy spectrum exhibits a 10%–20% higher intensity in summer and winter compared with spring and autumn. For the first time, wereport the seasonal variation characteristics of GWs over the inland areas of Northwest China, which is of great significance forunderstanding the regional distribution characteristics of GWs.
文摘Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.
基金Supported by the 2022 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2022sx031the 2023 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2023jyxm1071.
文摘BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.
基金support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E2ET0411X2).
文摘In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876164 and U2030203)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘To address the poor mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)and enhance the understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms of aerogel network structures in rubber matrices,this study reinforced PDMS using an ordered interconnected three-dimensional montmorillonite(MMT)aerogel network.The average pore diameter of the aerogels was successfully reduced from 11.53μm to 2.51μm by adjusting the ratio of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)to MMT via directional freezing.Changes in the aerogel network were observed in field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)images.After vacuum impregnation,the aerogel network structure of the composites was observed using FESEM.Tensile tests indicated that as the pore diameter decreased,the elongation at break of the composites first increased to a peak of329.61%before decreasing,while the tensile strength and Young's modulus continuously increased to their maximum values of 6.29 MPa and24.67 MPa,respectively.Meanwhile,FESEM images of the tensile cracks and fracture surfaces showed that with a reduction in aerogel pore diameter,the degrees of crack deflection and interfacial debonding increased,presenting a rougher fracture surface.These phenomena enable the composites to dissipate substantial energy during tension,thus effectively improving the mechanical strength of the composites.The present work elucidates the bearing of ordered three-dimensional aerogel network structures on the performance of rubber matrices and provides crucial theoretical insights and technical guidance for the creation and optimization of high-performance PDMS-based composites.
基金supported by the Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shandong-Yellow River Basin(No.YDZX2023019)Shandong Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.ZR2020QF067 and ZR2023QD073)+6 种基金the Discipline Cluster Research Project of Qingdao University“Deep mining and intelligent prediction of multimodal big data for marine ecological disasters”(No.20240604)sourced from the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it(https://argo.ucsd.edu)the CMEMS(http://marine.copernicus.eu/)the CDS(https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/)the EMODnet(https://www.emodnet-chemistry.eu/)obtained from the ERA5(https://www.ecmwf.int)derived from the Glob Colour Project(http://globcolour.info).
文摘Oceanic dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration is crucial for assessing the status of marine ecosystems.Against the backdrop of global warming,DO shows a general decrease,posing a threat to the health of marine ecosystems.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop advanced tools to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of three-dimensional(3D)DO.To address this challenge,this study introduces the Light Gradient Boosting Machine(Light-GBM),combining satellite remote sensing and reanalysis data with Biogeochemical Argo data to accurately reconstruct the 3D DO structure in the Mediterranean Sea from 2010 to 2022.Various environmental parameters are incorporated as inputs,including spatiotemporal features,meteorological characteristics,and ocean color properties.The LightGBM model demonstrates excellent performance on the testing dataset with R^(2) of 0.958.The modeled DO agrees better with in-situ measurements than products from numerical models.Using the Shapley Additive exPlanations method,the contributions of input features are assessed.Sea surface temperatures provide a correlation with DO at the sea surface,while spatial coordinates supplement the view of the ocean interior.Based on the reconstructed 3D DO structure,we identify an oxygen minimum zone in the western Mediterranean that expands continuously,reaching depths of approximately 300–800 m.The western Mediterranean exhibits a significant declining trend.This study enhances marine environmental evidence by proposing a precise and cost-effective approach for reconstructing 3D DO,thereby offering insights into the dynamics of DO variations under changing climatic conditions.
