Bonded blockmodel(BBM)has shownpotential in replicating rockmass behavior aswell as the rockesupport interactionmechanism,but their practical application is limited totwo dimensions due to the high associated computat...Bonded blockmodel(BBM)has shownpotential in replicating rockmass behavior aswell as the rockesupport interactionmechanism,but their practical application is limited totwo dimensions due to the high associated computational demand.To allow for the use of BBM in simulating three-dimensional(3D)problems,this study proposes an integrated 3D continuumetwo-dimensional(2D)discontinuum approach,in context of rock pillars.A cross-section of a granite pillar was simulated using a BBM with a load path from a calibrated mine-scale FLAC^(3D)model.Pillar support as employed in the mine was also incorporated in different stages during the simulation.Themodel was calibrated by varying the input parameters until the displacements at six locations within the pillarmatchedthosemeasuredby amulti-point borehole extensometer(MPBX)inthe field.The calibratedmodel was subsequently used to understand how the support and load path influenced the damage evolution in the pillar.The shear component of the load pathwas found to have amajor effect on the severity and extent of the damaged regions.When the support density was increased in the model,the lateral displacements along the pillar walls were significantly suppressed in a somewhat unpredictable manner.Thiswas explained by the interaction between the supports and the damaged regions at the corners,which ultimately modified the stresses along the pillar periphery.The amount of displacement reduction obtained by increasing the support density illustrates the potential of BBMto be used as a support design tool.展开更多
An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, clo...An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.展开更多
Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade compone...Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.展开更多
Data-driven research on recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)has long faced the challenge of lacking a unified testing standard dataset,hindering accurate model evaluation and trust in predictive outcomes.This paper review...Data-driven research on recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)has long faced the challenge of lacking a unified testing standard dataset,hindering accurate model evaluation and trust in predictive outcomes.This paper reviews critical parameters influencing mechanical properties in 35 RAC studies,compiles four datasets encompassing these parameters,and compiles the performance and key findings of 77 published data-driven models.Baseline capability tests are conducted on the nine most used models.The paper also outlines advanced methodological frameworks for future RAC research,examining the principles and challenges of physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)and generative adversarial networks(GANs),and employs SHAP and PDP tools to interpret model behaviour and enhance transparency.Findings indicate a clear trend toward integrated systems,hybrid models,and advanced optimization strategies,with integrated tree-based models showing superior performance across various prediction tasks.Based on this comprehensive review,we offer a recommendation for future research on how AI can be effectively oriented in RAC studies to support practical deployment and build confidence in data-driven approaches.展开更多
To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets ...To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets of concealed ore bodies,three-dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling(MPM)of the deposit has been conducted using the weights-of-evidence(WofE)method.Conditional independence between evidence layers was tested,and the outline results using the prediction-volume(P-V)and Student's t-statistic methods for delineating favorable mineralization areas from continuous posterior probability map were critically compared.Four exploration targets delineated ultimately by the Student's t-statistic method for the discovery of minable ore bodies in each of the target areas were discussed in detail.The main conclusions include:(1)three-dimensional modeling of a deposit using multi-source reconnaissance data is useful for MPM in interpreting their relationships with known ore bodies;(2)WofE modeling can be used as a straightforward tool for integrating deposit model and reconnaissance data in MPM;(3)the Student's t-statistic method is more applicable in binarizing the continuous prospectivity map for exploration targeting than the PV approach;and(4)two target areas within high potential to find undiscovered ore bodies were diagnosed to guide future near-mine exploration activities of the Jinshan deposit.展开更多
Satellite Component Layout Optimization(SCLO) is crucial in satellite system design.This paper proposes a novel Satellite Three-Dimensional Component Assignment and Layout Optimization(3D-SCALO) problem tailored to en...Satellite Component Layout Optimization(SCLO) is crucial in satellite system design.This paper proposes a novel Satellite Three-Dimensional Component Assignment and Layout Optimization(3D-SCALO) problem tailored to engineering requirements, aiming to optimize satellite heat dissipation while considering constraints on static stability, 3D geometric relationships between components, and special component positions. The 3D-SCALO problem is a challenging bilevel combinatorial optimization task, involving the optimization of discrete component assignment variables in the outer layer and continuous component position variables in the inner layer,with both influencing each other. To address this issue, first, a Mixed Integer Programming(MIP) model is proposed, which reformulates the original bilevel problem into a single-level optimization problem, enabling the exploration of a more comprehensive optimization space while avoiding iterative nested optimization. Then, to model the 3D geometric relationships between components within the MIP framework, a linearized 3D Phi-function method is proposed, which handles non-overlapping and safety distance constraints between cuboid components in an explicit and effective way. Subsequently, the Finite-Rectangle Method(FRM) is proposed to manage 3D geometric constraints for complex-shaped components by approximating them with a finite set of cuboids, extending the applicability of the geometric modeling approach. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MIP model are demonstrated through two numerical examples"and a real-world engineering case, which confirms its suitability for complex-shaped components and real engineering applications.展开更多
Globally,the integration of traditional medicine and modern medicine has been recognized as a global health priority aimed at improving healthcare accessibility,cultural relevance,and therapeutic effectiveness.This re...Globally,the integration of traditional medicine and modern medicine has been recognized as a global health priority aimed at improving healthcare accessibility,cultural relevance,and therapeutic effectiveness.This review systematically examines the global landscape of traditional medicine-modern medicine integration by analyzing policy developments,regulatory frameworks,and clinical implementation models across various regions,including Asia,Africa,Europe,and the USA.The scope of the review encompasses five key domains:(1)global policy initiatives,(2)regulatory and institutional frameworks,(3)clinical integration models,(4)impacts and outcomes of integrative practices,and(5)challenges and barriers to implementation.Based on peer-reviewed literature and official health policy documents published between 2000 and 2025,the present review investigates how countries have operationalized clinical integration models combining traditional and complementary medicine.Although interest in traditional and complementary medicine has grown worldwide,persistent challenges,such as limited scientific validation,lack of standardization,and professional resistance,continue to hinder progress.This review concludes that successful and sustainable integration requires evidence-based clinical approaches,inclusive regulatory reforms,and coordinated policy strategies.Countries such as China,India,and Brazil have made significant advances,offering valuable models for future implementation worldwide.展开更多
The integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)and Uncrewed Surface Vehicles(USVs)has revolutionized topographic and bathymetricmapping,significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of geospatial data acquisit...The integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)and Uncrewed Surface Vehicles(USVs)has revolutionized topographic and bathymetricmapping,significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of geospatial data acquisition processes.This innovative approach synergistically combines terrestrial data collected by UAVs with underwater data obtained through USVs,culminating in the creation of unified high-resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEMs)of the river basin region represents a vital step toward understanding the dynamic interactions between land and water bodies.Hence,the seamless Topo-Bathymetric Elevation Model offers a detailed perspective of the river system,supporting informed decision-making in addressing sediment transport,erosion,and river morphology.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review examines the advanced methodologies for creating seamlessmultisource Topo-Bathymetry ElevationModels(TBEMs)in river basin contexts,emphasising critical factors such as cost-effectiveness,operational efficiency,and data precision.In particular,UAVs deliver high-resolution(1-3 cm)topographic mapping with 5-10 km operational ranges,while USVs provide complementary bathymetric data(1 m resolution)across 3-5 km.This synergy enables seamless land-water surveys,achieving superior precision(±8 cmterrestrial,±3 cmunderwater)and efficiency over traditional methods.By analysing the benefits and limitations inherent in these technologies,this review elucidates the potential of UAV-USV synergy to improve the accuracy and reliability of geospatial data,thereby supporting well-versed decision-making processes in environmental management and conservation efforts.Furthermore,the findings underscore the broader implications of this integrated approach for riverine and coastal studies,advocating for its wider adoption in various applications,including habitat monitoring,flood risk assessment,and sustainable resource management.The synthesis of terrestrial and aquatic data through UAV-USV collaboration not only advances the field of geospatial science but also fosters a deeper understanding of the interdependencies between land and water systems,ultimately contributing to more effective environmental stewardship.展开更多
Background:Traditional imaging approaches to keratoconus(KCN)have thus far failed to produce a standardized approach for diagnosis.While many diagnostic modalities and metrics exist,none have proven robust enough to b...Background:Traditional imaging approaches to keratoconus(KCN)have thus far failed to produce a standardized approach for diagnosis.While many diagnostic modalities and metrics exist,none have proven robust enough to be considered a gold standard.This study aims to introduce novel metrics to differentiate between KCN and healthy corneas using three-dimensional(3D)measurements of surface area and volume.Methods:This retrospective observational study examined KCN patients along with healthy control patients between the ages of 20 and 79 years old at the University of Maryland,Baltimore.The selected patients underwent a nine-line raster scan anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT).ImageJ was used to determine the central 6 mm of each image and each corneal image was then divided into six 1 mm segments.Free-D software was then used to render the nine different images into a 3D model to calculate corneal surface area and volume.A two-tailed Mann-Whitney test was used to assess statistical significance when comparing these subsets.Results:Thirty-three eyes with KCN,along with 33 healthy control,were enrolled.There were statistically significant differences between the healthy and KCN groups in the metric of anterior corneal surface area(13.927 vs.13.991 mm^(2),P=0.046),posterior corneal surface area(14.045 vs.14.173 mm^(2),P<0.001),and volume(8.430 vs.7.773 mm3,P<0.001)within the central 6 mm.Conclusions:3D corneal models derived from AS-OCT can be used to measure anterior corneal surface area,posterior corneal surface area,and corneal volume.All three parameters are statistically different between corneas with KCN and healthy corneas.Further study and application of these parameters may yield new methodologies for the detection of KCN.展开更多
This paper focuses on rural music education in the context of rural revitalization,deeply analyzes its current resource situation,and points out that tangible resources face shortages of teachers,inappropriate textboo...This paper focuses on rural music education in the context of rural revitalization,deeply analyzes its current resource situation,and points out that tangible resources face shortages of teachers,inappropriate textbooks,and outdated teaching facilities,while intangible resources are confronted with the loss of folk music culture and the weakening of educational foundations due to cultural ecological changes.Resources are characterized by dispersion,scarcity,and inefficient utilization.In response to these difficulties,this paper proposes integration paths for teachers,textbooks,teaching facilities,and folk music culture resources.Additionally,it constructs a diversified development model that combines rural tourism with music activities,develops characteristic music education industries,and integrates rural cultural construction.Simultaneously,it identifies funding shortages and outdated concepts as major obstacles and proposes targeted strategies such as expanding funding channels and changing inherent concepts.The aim is to promote the development of rural music education and contribute to the revitalization of rural culture.展开更多
Simulated photo-degradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM) in Lake Baihua(BH) and Lake Hongfeng(HF) was investigated with three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3 DEEM) fluorescence combined with t...Simulated photo-degradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM) in Lake Baihua(BH) and Lake Hongfeng(HF) was investigated with three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3 DEEM) fluorescence combined with the fluorescence regional integration(FRI),parallel factor(PARAFAC) analysis,and multi-order kinetic models.In the FRI analysis,fulvic-like and humic-like materials were the main constituents for both BH-FDOM and HF-FDOM.Four individual components were identified by use of PARAFAC analysis as humic-like components(C1),fulvic-like components(C2),protein-like components(C3) and unidentified components(C4).The maximum 3 DEEM fluorescence intensity of PARAFAC components C1-C3 decreased by about 60%,70% and 90%,respectively after photo-degradation.The multi-order kinetic model was acceptable to represent the photo-degradation of FDOM with correlation coefficient(Radj2)(0.963-0.998).The photo-degradation rate constants(kn) showed differences of three orders of magnitude,from 1.09 × 10-6 to 4.02 × 10-4 min-1,and half-life of multi-order model(T1/2n)ranged from 5.26 to 64.01 min.The decreased values of fluorescence index(FI) and biogenic index(BI),the fact that of percent fluorescence response parameter of Region I(PⅠ,n) showed the greatest change ratio,followed by percent fluorescence response parameter of Region II(PⅡ,n,while the largest decrease ratio was found for C3 components,and the lowest T1/2n was observed for C3,indicated preferential degradation of protein-like materials/components derived from biological sources during photodegradation.This research on the degradation of FDOM by 3 DEEM/FRI-PARAFAC would be beneficial to understanding the photo-degradation of FD OM in natural environments and accurately predicting the environmental behaviors of contaminants in the presence of FDOM.展开更多
The“government-industry-university-research”model has significant practical significance in promoting the development of industries in colleges and universities and improving the quality of talent cultivation.This p...The“government-industry-university-research”model has significant practical significance in promoting the development of industries in colleges and universities and improving the quality of talent cultivation.This paper first provides a brief explanation of the concept and significance of the“government-industry-university-research”model,then conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems faced by the development of university industries,and finally proposes effective solutions to the problems faced by the development of university industries,hoping to provide some references and lessons for promoting the continuous development of university industries and the integration of industry and education.展开更多
Based on the ADDIE model,we explored the integration path between Understanding Contemporary China:An English Reading and Writing Textbook and the main textbook of college English reading.Firstly,the basis of textbook...Based on the ADDIE model,we explored the integration path between Understanding Contemporary China:An English Reading and Writing Textbook and the main textbook of college English reading.Firstly,the basis of textbook integration was analyzed,followed by an explanation of the overall design scheme of textbook integration,and then a series of teaching resources were initially developed and used in teaching practice.Through testing,it was found that the integrative teaching of the two sets of textbooks under the ADDIE model achieved good teaching results,and promoted the three aspects of reading literacy,disciplinary literacy,and value leadership.展开更多
The development of digital twins for geotechnical structures necessitates the real-time updates of threedimensional(3D)virtual models(e.g.numerical finite element method(FEM)model)to accurately predict time-varying ge...The development of digital twins for geotechnical structures necessitates the real-time updates of threedimensional(3D)virtual models(e.g.numerical finite element method(FEM)model)to accurately predict time-varying geotechnical responses(e.g.consolidation settlement)in a 3D spatial domain.However,traditional 3D numerical model updating approaches are computationally prohibitive and therefore difficult to update the 3D responses in real time.To address these challenges,this study proposes a novel machine learning framework called sparse dictionary learning(T-3D-SDL)for real-time updating of time-varying 3D geotechnical responses.In T-3D-SDL,a concerned dataset(e.g.time-varying 3D settlement)is approximated as a linear superposition of dictionary atoms generated from 3D random FEM analyses.Field monitoring data are then used to identify non-trivial atoms and estimate their weights within a Bayesian framework for model updating and prediction.The proposed approach enables the real-time update of temporally varying settlements with a high 3D spatial resolution and quantified uncertainty as field monitoring data evolve.The proposed approach is illustrated using an embankment construction project.The results show that the proposed approach effectively improves settlement predictions along temporal and 3D spatial dimensions,with minimal latency(e.g.within minutes),as monitoring data appear.In addition,the proposed approach requires only a reasonably small number of 3D FEM model evaluations,avoids the use of widely adopted yet often criticized surrogate models,and effectively addresses the limitations(e.g.computational inefficiency)of existing 3D model updating approaches.展开更多
Through-silicon-via （TSV） to TSV crosstalk noise is one of the key factors affecting the signal integrity of three- dimensional integrated circuits （3D ICs）. Based on the frequency dependent equivalent electrical ...Through-silicon-via （TSV） to TSV crosstalk noise is one of the key factors affecting the signal integrity of three- dimensional integrated circuits （3D ICs）. Based on the frequency dependent equivalent electrical parameters for the TSV channel, an analytical crosstalk noise model is established to capture the TSV induced crosstalk noise. The impact of various design parameters including insulation dielectric, via pitch, via height, silicon conductivity, and terminal impedance on the crosstalk noise is analyzed with the proposed model. Two approaches are proposed to alleviate the TSV noise, namely, driver sizing and via shielding, and the SPICE results show 241 rnV and 379 mV reductions in the peak noise voltage, respectively.展开更多
The through silicon via （TSV） technology has proven to be the critical enabler to realize a three-dimensional （3D） gigscale system with higher performance but shorter interconnect length. However, the received dig...The through silicon via （TSV） technology has proven to be the critical enabler to realize a three-dimensional （3D） gigscale system with higher performance but shorter interconnect length. However, the received digital signal after trans- mission through a TSV channel, composed of redistribution layers （RDLs）, TSVs, and bumps, is degraded at a high data-rate due to the non-idealities of the channel. We propose the Chebyshev multisection transformers to reduce the signal reflec- tion of TSV channel when operating frequency goes up to 20 GHz, by which signal reflection coefficient （$11） and signal transmission coefficient （$21） are improved remarkably by 150% and 73.3%, respectively. Both the time delay and power dissipation are also reduced by 4% and 13.3%, respectively. The resistance-inductance-conductance-capacitance （RLGC） elements of the TSV channel are iterated from scattering （S）-parameters, and the proposed method of weakening the signal reflection is verified using high frequency simulator structure （HFSS） simulation software by Ansoft.展开更多
Based on the physical characteristics of SiGe material,a new three-dimensional （3D） CMOS IC structure is proposed,in which the first device layer is made of Si material for nMOS devices and the second device layer i...Based on the physical characteristics of SiGe material,a new three-dimensional （3D） CMOS IC structure is proposed,in which the first device layer is made of Si material for nMOS devices and the second device layer is made of Six Ge1- x material for pMOS. The intrinsic performance of ICs with the new structure is then limited by Si nMOS.The electrical characteristics of a Si-SiGe 3D CMOS device and inverter are all simulated and analyzed by MEDICI. The simulation results indicate that the Si-SiGe 3D CMOS ICs are faster than the Si-Si 3D CMOS ICs. The delay time of the 3D Si-SiGe CMOS inverter is 2-3ps,which is shorter than that of the 3D Si-Si CMOS inverter.展开更多
Complex network models are frequently employed for simulating and studyingdiverse real-world complex systems.Among these models,scale-free networks typically exhibit greater fragility to malicious attacks.Consequently...Complex network models are frequently employed for simulating and studyingdiverse real-world complex systems.Among these models,scale-free networks typically exhibit greater fragility to malicious attacks.Consequently,enhancing the robustness of scale-free networks has become a pressing issue.To address this problem,this paper proposes a Multi-Granularity Integration Algorithm(MGIA),which aims to improve the robustness of scale-free networks while keeping the initial degree of each node unchanged,ensuring network connectivity and avoiding the generation of multiple edges.The algorithm generates a multi-granularity structure from the initial network to be optimized,then uses different optimization strategies to optimize the networks at various granular layers in this structure,and finally realizes the information exchange between different granular layers,thereby further enhancing the optimization effect.We propose new network refresh,crossover,and mutation operators to ensure that the optimized network satisfies the given constraints.Meanwhile,we propose new network similarity and network dissimilarity evaluation metrics to improve the effectiveness of the optimization operators in the algorithm.In the experiments,the MGIA enhances the robustness of the scale-free network by 67.6%.This improvement is approximately 17.2%higher than the optimization effects achieved by eight currently existing complex network robustness optimization algorithms.展开更多
This paper presents a hybrid model for three-dimensional Geographical Information Systems which is an integration of surface- and volume-based models. The Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) and octree models are int...This paper presents a hybrid model for three-dimensional Geographical Information Systems which is an integration of surface- and volume-based models. The Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) and octree models are integrated in this hybrid models. The TIN model works as a surface-based model which mainly serves for surface presentation and visualization. On the other hand, the octree encoding supports volumetric analysis. The designed data structure brings a major advantage in the three-dimensional selective retrieval. This technique increases the efficiency of three-dimensional data operation.展开更多
For the terminal guidance problem of missiles intercepting maneuvering targets in the three-dimensional space, the design of guidance laws for non-decoupling three-dimensional engage- ment geometry is studied. Firstly...For the terminal guidance problem of missiles intercepting maneuvering targets in the three-dimensional space, the design of guidance laws for non-decoupling three-dimensional engage- ment geometry is studied. Firstly, by introducing a finite time integral sliding mode manifold, a novel guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control is presented with the target acceler- ation as a known bounded external disturbance. Then, an improved adaptive guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control without the information of the upper bound on the target accel- eration is developed, where the upper bound of the target acceleration is estimated online by a designed adaptive law. The both presented guidance laws can make sure that the elevation angular rate of the line-of-sight and the azimuth angular rate of the line-of-sight converge to zero in finite time. In the end, the results of the guidance performance for the proposed guidance laws are pre- sented by numerical simulations. Although the designed guidance laws are developed for the con- stant speed missiles, the simulation results for the time-varying speed missiles are also shown to further confirm the designed guidance laws.展开更多
基金The research conducted for this study was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)under Grant No.200-2016-90154.
文摘Bonded blockmodel(BBM)has shownpotential in replicating rockmass behavior aswell as the rockesupport interactionmechanism,but their practical application is limited totwo dimensions due to the high associated computational demand.To allow for the use of BBM in simulating three-dimensional(3D)problems,this study proposes an integrated 3D continuumetwo-dimensional(2D)discontinuum approach,in context of rock pillars.A cross-section of a granite pillar was simulated using a BBM with a load path from a calibrated mine-scale FLAC^(3D)model.Pillar support as employed in the mine was also incorporated in different stages during the simulation.Themodel was calibrated by varying the input parameters until the displacements at six locations within the pillarmatchedthosemeasuredby amulti-point borehole extensometer(MPBX)inthe field.The calibratedmodel was subsequently used to understand how the support and load path influenced the damage evolution in the pillar.The shear component of the load pathwas found to have amajor effect on the severity and extent of the damaged regions.When the support density was increased in the model,the lateral displacements along the pillar walls were significantly suppressed in a somewhat unpredictable manner.Thiswas explained by the interaction between the supports and the damaged regions at the corners,which ultimately modified the stresses along the pillar periphery.The amount of displacement reduction obtained by increasing the support density illustrates the potential of BBMto be used as a support design tool.
基金Project(51274250)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012BAK09B02-05)supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program during the 12th Five-year Plan of China
文摘An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372071 and 12372070)the Aeronautical Science Fund of China(No.2022Z055052001)the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(No.202306830079)。
文摘Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.
文摘Data-driven research on recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)has long faced the challenge of lacking a unified testing standard dataset,hindering accurate model evaluation and trust in predictive outcomes.This paper reviews critical parameters influencing mechanical properties in 35 RAC studies,compiles four datasets encompassing these parameters,and compiles the performance and key findings of 77 published data-driven models.Baseline capability tests are conducted on the nine most used models.The paper also outlines advanced methodological frameworks for future RAC research,examining the principles and challenges of physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)and generative adversarial networks(GANs),and employs SHAP and PDP tools to interpret model behaviour and enhance transparency.Findings indicate a clear trend toward integrated systems,hybrid models,and advanced optimization strategies,with integrated tree-based models showing superior performance across various prediction tasks.Based on this comprehensive review,we offer a recommendation for future research on how AI can be effectively oriented in RAC studies to support practical deployment and build confidence in data-driven approaches.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2022YFF0801201,2021YFC2900300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872245,U1911202)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515010666)。
文摘To comprehensively utilize the valuable geological map,exploration profile,borehole,and geochemical logging data and the knowledge on the formation of the Jinshan Ag-Au deposit for forecasting the exploration targets of concealed ore bodies,three-dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling(MPM)of the deposit has been conducted using the weights-of-evidence(WofE)method.Conditional independence between evidence layers was tested,and the outline results using the prediction-volume(P-V)and Student's t-statistic methods for delineating favorable mineralization areas from continuous posterior probability map were critically compared.Four exploration targets delineated ultimately by the Student's t-statistic method for the discovery of minable ore bodies in each of the target areas were discussed in detail.The main conclusions include:(1)three-dimensional modeling of a deposit using multi-source reconnaissance data is useful for MPM in interpreting their relationships with known ore bodies;(2)WofE modeling can be used as a straightforward tool for integrating deposit model and reconnaissance data in MPM;(3)the Student's t-statistic method is more applicable in binarizing the continuous prospectivity map for exploration targeting than the PV approach;and(4)two target areas within high potential to find undiscovered ore bodies were diagnosed to guide future near-mine exploration activities of the Jinshan deposit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92371206)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(No.CX2023063).
文摘Satellite Component Layout Optimization(SCLO) is crucial in satellite system design.This paper proposes a novel Satellite Three-Dimensional Component Assignment and Layout Optimization(3D-SCALO) problem tailored to engineering requirements, aiming to optimize satellite heat dissipation while considering constraints on static stability, 3D geometric relationships between components, and special component positions. The 3D-SCALO problem is a challenging bilevel combinatorial optimization task, involving the optimization of discrete component assignment variables in the outer layer and continuous component position variables in the inner layer,with both influencing each other. To address this issue, first, a Mixed Integer Programming(MIP) model is proposed, which reformulates the original bilevel problem into a single-level optimization problem, enabling the exploration of a more comprehensive optimization space while avoiding iterative nested optimization. Then, to model the 3D geometric relationships between components within the MIP framework, a linearized 3D Phi-function method is proposed, which handles non-overlapping and safety distance constraints between cuboid components in an explicit and effective way. Subsequently, the Finite-Rectangle Method(FRM) is proposed to manage 3D geometric constraints for complex-shaped components by approximating them with a finite set of cuboids, extending the applicability of the geometric modeling approach. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MIP model are demonstrated through two numerical examples"and a real-world engineering case, which confirms its suitability for complex-shaped components and real engineering applications.
文摘Globally,the integration of traditional medicine and modern medicine has been recognized as a global health priority aimed at improving healthcare accessibility,cultural relevance,and therapeutic effectiveness.This review systematically examines the global landscape of traditional medicine-modern medicine integration by analyzing policy developments,regulatory frameworks,and clinical implementation models across various regions,including Asia,Africa,Europe,and the USA.The scope of the review encompasses five key domains:(1)global policy initiatives,(2)regulatory and institutional frameworks,(3)clinical integration models,(4)impacts and outcomes of integrative practices,and(5)challenges and barriers to implementation.Based on peer-reviewed literature and official health policy documents published between 2000 and 2025,the present review investigates how countries have operationalized clinical integration models combining traditional and complementary medicine.Although interest in traditional and complementary medicine has grown worldwide,persistent challenges,such as limited scientific validation,lack of standardization,and professional resistance,continue to hinder progress.This review concludes that successful and sustainable integration requires evidence-based clinical approaches,inclusive regulatory reforms,and coordinated policy strategies.Countries such as China,India,and Brazil have made significant advances,offering valuable models for future implementation worldwide.
基金financed by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Encouragement Research Grant(Vot Q.J130000.3852.42J12)to provide incentives and financial support for UTM academic staff to lead research projects that contribute to the university’s research Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)and foster the development of high-quality,competitive research proposals.
文摘The integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)and Uncrewed Surface Vehicles(USVs)has revolutionized topographic and bathymetricmapping,significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of geospatial data acquisition processes.This innovative approach synergistically combines terrestrial data collected by UAVs with underwater data obtained through USVs,culminating in the creation of unified high-resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEMs)of the river basin region represents a vital step toward understanding the dynamic interactions between land and water bodies.Hence,the seamless Topo-Bathymetric Elevation Model offers a detailed perspective of the river system,supporting informed decision-making in addressing sediment transport,erosion,and river morphology.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review examines the advanced methodologies for creating seamlessmultisource Topo-Bathymetry ElevationModels(TBEMs)in river basin contexts,emphasising critical factors such as cost-effectiveness,operational efficiency,and data precision.In particular,UAVs deliver high-resolution(1-3 cm)topographic mapping with 5-10 km operational ranges,while USVs provide complementary bathymetric data(1 m resolution)across 3-5 km.This synergy enables seamless land-water surveys,achieving superior precision(±8 cmterrestrial,±3 cmunderwater)and efficiency over traditional methods.By analysing the benefits and limitations inherent in these technologies,this review elucidates the potential of UAV-USV synergy to improve the accuracy and reliability of geospatial data,thereby supporting well-versed decision-making processes in environmental management and conservation efforts.Furthermore,the findings underscore the broader implications of this integrated approach for riverine and coastal studies,advocating for its wider adoption in various applications,including habitat monitoring,flood risk assessment,and sustainable resource management.The synthesis of terrestrial and aquatic data through UAV-USV collaboration not only advances the field of geospatial science but also fosters a deeper understanding of the interdependencies between land and water systems,ultimately contributing to more effective environmental stewardship.
文摘Background:Traditional imaging approaches to keratoconus(KCN)have thus far failed to produce a standardized approach for diagnosis.While many diagnostic modalities and metrics exist,none have proven robust enough to be considered a gold standard.This study aims to introduce novel metrics to differentiate between KCN and healthy corneas using three-dimensional(3D)measurements of surface area and volume.Methods:This retrospective observational study examined KCN patients along with healthy control patients between the ages of 20 and 79 years old at the University of Maryland,Baltimore.The selected patients underwent a nine-line raster scan anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT).ImageJ was used to determine the central 6 mm of each image and each corneal image was then divided into six 1 mm segments.Free-D software was then used to render the nine different images into a 3D model to calculate corneal surface area and volume.A two-tailed Mann-Whitney test was used to assess statistical significance when comparing these subsets.Results:Thirty-three eyes with KCN,along with 33 healthy control,were enrolled.There were statistically significant differences between the healthy and KCN groups in the metric of anterior corneal surface area(13.927 vs.13.991 mm^(2),P=0.046),posterior corneal surface area(14.045 vs.14.173 mm^(2),P<0.001),and volume(8.430 vs.7.773 mm3,P<0.001)within the central 6 mm.Conclusions:3D corneal models derived from AS-OCT can be used to measure anterior corneal surface area,posterior corneal surface area,and corneal volume.All three parameters are statistically different between corneas with KCN and healthy corneas.Further study and application of these parameters may yield new methodologies for the detection of KCN.
文摘This paper focuses on rural music education in the context of rural revitalization,deeply analyzes its current resource situation,and points out that tangible resources face shortages of teachers,inappropriate textbooks,and outdated teaching facilities,while intangible resources are confronted with the loss of folk music culture and the weakening of educational foundations due to cultural ecological changes.Resources are characterized by dispersion,scarcity,and inefficient utilization.In response to these difficulties,this paper proposes integration paths for teachers,textbooks,teaching facilities,and folk music culture resources.Additionally,it constructs a diversified development model that combines rural tourism with music activities,develops characteristic music education industries,and integrates rural cultural construction.Simultaneously,it identifies funding shortages and outdated concepts as major obstacles and proposes targeted strategies such as expanding funding channels and changing inherent concepts.The aim is to promote the development of rural music education and contribute to the revitalization of rural culture.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41573130)BNU Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for First-Year Doctoral Candidates(No.BNUXKJC1802)
文摘Simulated photo-degradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM) in Lake Baihua(BH) and Lake Hongfeng(HF) was investigated with three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3 DEEM) fluorescence combined with the fluorescence regional integration(FRI),parallel factor(PARAFAC) analysis,and multi-order kinetic models.In the FRI analysis,fulvic-like and humic-like materials were the main constituents for both BH-FDOM and HF-FDOM.Four individual components were identified by use of PARAFAC analysis as humic-like components(C1),fulvic-like components(C2),protein-like components(C3) and unidentified components(C4).The maximum 3 DEEM fluorescence intensity of PARAFAC components C1-C3 decreased by about 60%,70% and 90%,respectively after photo-degradation.The multi-order kinetic model was acceptable to represent the photo-degradation of FDOM with correlation coefficient(Radj2)(0.963-0.998).The photo-degradation rate constants(kn) showed differences of three orders of magnitude,from 1.09 × 10-6 to 4.02 × 10-4 min-1,and half-life of multi-order model(T1/2n)ranged from 5.26 to 64.01 min.The decreased values of fluorescence index(FI) and biogenic index(BI),the fact that of percent fluorescence response parameter of Region I(PⅠ,n) showed the greatest change ratio,followed by percent fluorescence response parameter of Region II(PⅡ,n,while the largest decrease ratio was found for C3 components,and the lowest T1/2n was observed for C3,indicated preferential degradation of protein-like materials/components derived from biological sources during photodegradation.This research on the degradation of FDOM by 3 DEEM/FRI-PARAFAC would be beneficial to understanding the photo-degradation of FD OM in natural environments and accurately predicting the environmental behaviors of contaminants in the presence of FDOM.
文摘The“government-industry-university-research”model has significant practical significance in promoting the development of industries in colleges and universities and improving the quality of talent cultivation.This paper first provides a brief explanation of the concept and significance of the“government-industry-university-research”model,then conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems faced by the development of university industries,and finally proposes effective solutions to the problems faced by the development of university industries,hoping to provide some references and lessons for promoting the continuous development of university industries and the integration of industry and education.
基金funded by Project Information:2022 Guangzhou Municipal Higher Education Teaching Research and Reform Key Research Project:“Innovation and Practice of English Reading Curriculum Ideological and Political in Colleges and Universities:A Study on the Integration of Understanding Contemporary China:An English Reading and Writing Textbook and English Reading Teaching”(2023JGZDXM001).
文摘Based on the ADDIE model,we explored the integration path between Understanding Contemporary China:An English Reading and Writing Textbook and the main textbook of college English reading.Firstly,the basis of textbook integration was analyzed,followed by an explanation of the overall design scheme of textbook integration,and then a series of teaching resources were initially developed and used in teaching practice.Through testing,it was found that the integrative teaching of the two sets of textbooks under the ADDIE model achieved good teaching results,and promoted the three aspects of reading literacy,disciplinary literacy,and value leadership.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Project No.11207724).
文摘The development of digital twins for geotechnical structures necessitates the real-time updates of threedimensional(3D)virtual models(e.g.numerical finite element method(FEM)model)to accurately predict time-varying geotechnical responses(e.g.consolidation settlement)in a 3D spatial domain.However,traditional 3D numerical model updating approaches are computationally prohibitive and therefore difficult to update the 3D responses in real time.To address these challenges,this study proposes a novel machine learning framework called sparse dictionary learning(T-3D-SDL)for real-time updating of time-varying 3D geotechnical responses.In T-3D-SDL,a concerned dataset(e.g.time-varying 3D settlement)is approximated as a linear superposition of dictionary atoms generated from 3D random FEM analyses.Field monitoring data are then used to identify non-trivial atoms and estimate their weights within a Bayesian framework for model updating and prediction.The proposed approach enables the real-time update of temporally varying settlements with a high 3D spatial resolution and quantified uncertainty as field monitoring data evolve.The proposed approach is illustrated using an embankment construction project.The results show that the proposed approach effectively improves settlement predictions along temporal and 3D spatial dimensions,with minimal latency(e.g.within minutes),as monitoring data appear.In addition,the proposed approach requires only a reasonably small number of 3D FEM model evaluations,avoids the use of widely adopted yet often criticized surrogate models,and effectively addresses the limitations(e.g.computational inefficiency)of existing 3D model updating approaches.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61131001,61322405,61204044,61376039,and 61334003)
文摘Through-silicon-via （TSV） to TSV crosstalk noise is one of the key factors affecting the signal integrity of three- dimensional integrated circuits （3D ICs）. Based on the frequency dependent equivalent electrical parameters for the TSV channel, an analytical crosstalk noise model is established to capture the TSV induced crosstalk noise. The impact of various design parameters including insulation dielectric, via pitch, via height, silicon conductivity, and terminal impedance on the crosstalk noise is analyzed with the proposed model. Two approaches are proposed to alleviate the TSV noise, namely, driver sizing and via shielding, and the SPICE results show 241 rnV and 379 mV reductions in the peak noise voltage, respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61204044)
文摘The through silicon via （TSV） technology has proven to be the critical enabler to realize a three-dimensional （3D） gigscale system with higher performance but shorter interconnect length. However, the received digital signal after trans- mission through a TSV channel, composed of redistribution layers （RDLs）, TSVs, and bumps, is degraded at a high data-rate due to the non-idealities of the channel. We propose the Chebyshev multisection transformers to reduce the signal reflec- tion of TSV channel when operating frequency goes up to 20 GHz, by which signal reflection coefficient （$11） and signal transmission coefficient （$21） are improved remarkably by 150% and 73.3%, respectively. Both the time delay and power dissipation are also reduced by 4% and 13.3%, respectively. The resistance-inductance-conductance-capacitance （RLGC） elements of the TSV channel are iterated from scattering （S）-parameters, and the proposed method of weakening the signal reflection is verified using high frequency simulator structure （HFSS） simulation software by Ansoft.
文摘Based on the physical characteristics of SiGe material,a new three-dimensional （3D） CMOS IC structure is proposed,in which the first device layer is made of Si material for nMOS devices and the second device layer is made of Six Ge1- x material for pMOS. The intrinsic performance of ICs with the new structure is then limited by Si nMOS.The electrical characteristics of a Si-SiGe 3D CMOS device and inverter are all simulated and analyzed by MEDICI. The simulation results indicate that the Si-SiGe 3D CMOS ICs are faster than the Si-Si 3D CMOS ICs. The delay time of the 3D Si-SiGe CMOS inverter is 2-3ps,which is shorter than that of the 3D Si-Si CMOS inverter.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971211,12171388).
文摘Complex network models are frequently employed for simulating and studyingdiverse real-world complex systems.Among these models,scale-free networks typically exhibit greater fragility to malicious attacks.Consequently,enhancing the robustness of scale-free networks has become a pressing issue.To address this problem,this paper proposes a Multi-Granularity Integration Algorithm(MGIA),which aims to improve the robustness of scale-free networks while keeping the initial degree of each node unchanged,ensuring network connectivity and avoiding the generation of multiple edges.The algorithm generates a multi-granularity structure from the initial network to be optimized,then uses different optimization strategies to optimize the networks at various granular layers in this structure,and finally realizes the information exchange between different granular layers,thereby further enhancing the optimization effect.We propose new network refresh,crossover,and mutation operators to ensure that the optimized network satisfies the given constraints.Meanwhile,we propose new network similarity and network dissimilarity evaluation metrics to improve the effectiveness of the optimization operators in the algorithm.In the experiments,the MGIA enhances the robustness of the scale-free network by 67.6%.This improvement is approximately 17.2%higher than the optimization effects achieved by eight currently existing complex network robustness optimization algorithms.
文摘This paper presents a hybrid model for three-dimensional Geographical Information Systems which is an integration of surface- and volume-based models. The Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) and octree models are integrated in this hybrid models. The TIN model works as a surface-based model which mainly serves for surface presentation and visualization. On the other hand, the octree encoding supports volumetric analysis. The designed data structure brings a major advantage in the three-dimensional selective retrieval. This technique increases the efficiency of three-dimensional data operation.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61174037 and 61021002)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20140177002)
文摘For the terminal guidance problem of missiles intercepting maneuvering targets in the three-dimensional space, the design of guidance laws for non-decoupling three-dimensional engage- ment geometry is studied. Firstly, by introducing a finite time integral sliding mode manifold, a novel guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control is presented with the target acceler- ation as a known bounded external disturbance. Then, an improved adaptive guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control without the information of the upper bound on the target accel- eration is developed, where the upper bound of the target acceleration is estimated online by a designed adaptive law. The both presented guidance laws can make sure that the elevation angular rate of the line-of-sight and the azimuth angular rate of the line-of-sight converge to zero in finite time. In the end, the results of the guidance performance for the proposed guidance laws are pre- sented by numerical simulations. Although the designed guidance laws are developed for the con- stant speed missiles, the simulation results for the time-varying speed missiles are also shown to further confirm the designed guidance laws.
