Thermosonication(TS),an emerging non-thermal sterilization technology,holds promise for enhancing the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable juices.This study systematically evaluated the effects of pasteurization(...Thermosonication(TS),an emerging non-thermal sterilization technology,holds promise for enhancing the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable juices.This study systematically evaluated the effects of pasteurization(TP:85℃,10 min),ultrasound(US:15 min,40 KHz,480 W)and TS(60℃,15 min,40 KHz,480 W)on tomato juice the quality based on physicochemical indicators and metabolomics(LC-MS/MS and GC-MS).Both TP and TS significantly reduced the microbial load by 5.2 and 3.8 log CFU/mL,respectively,reaching GB/T 4789.25-2024 standards,while no significant effects were observed on pH,total soluble solids or titratable acidity.Notably,TS treatments exhibited superior performance in colour parameters(ΔE=1.89;browning index(0.82)and textural stability(SEM,D_(50)=75.69μm),sedimentation index(0.79),and cloudiness(74.78%).Metabolomic profiling identified 1167 metabolites(1142 non-volatile,25 volatile),revealing distinct metabolic shifts in US/TS compared to TP.Mechanistically,TS up-regulated(FC:1.05-1.41)bioactive compounds(anacardic acid,cucurbitic acid,and phytosphingosine)and flavor metabolites(peptides,terpenes)through regulating biosynthetic metabolism,stress-responsive metabolism(glutathione,jasmonate)and minimizing oxidative degradation.These findings demonstrate that TS not only ensures microbial safety but also improves color,textural stability and bioactive/flavor compound retention,supporting its industrial application as a sustainable alternative to thermal processing.展开更多
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores have strong stress resistance,and their spores cannot be eliminated by pasteurization,which is considered a major threat to the beverage industry.In this study,based on the spor...Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores have strong stress resistance,and their spores cannot be eliminated by pasteurization,which is considered a major threat to the beverage industry.In this study,based on the spore control strategy of“germinate to eradicate”,the spores were germinated by multi-frequency thermosonication(MFTS)combined with germinant.The process parameters were optimized,and the underlying mechanism was explored.The results showed that when A.acidoterrestris spores were treated with MFTS(60℃,20/40/50 kHz)and 300 mM AGFK for 30 min,incubated at 45℃for 2 h,and heated to 80℃for 20 min,a maximum 1.4±0.04 log reduction can be achieved.The spores showed the darkest phase and the best germination effect after MFTS treatment,but leakage of proteins and electrolytes inside the spores were also caused.The surface of the vegetative cells formed by spore after MFTS treatment shrank extensively,and the shape was irregular.Spore resistance was reduced,making them more likely to die after pasteurization.This study could provide theoretical evidence for the technological innovation and practical application of A.acidoterrestris spores hazard control in the beverage industry.展开更多
At present,most liquid milk products use high-temperature short-time heat treatment(HTST).However,HTST treatment cannot completely inactivate the bacteria in milk,which seriously affects the quality,safety,and shelf l...At present,most liquid milk products use high-temperature short-time heat treatment(HTST).However,HTST treatment cannot completely inactivate the bacteria in milk,which seriously affects the quality,safety,and shelf life of the product.Therefore,exploring the combined use of HTST and other technologies is of great importance to the production of high-quality pasteurized milk.In this study,we compared thermosonication(TS),ε-Polylysine(ε-PL),ε-PL combined with TS(ε-PL-TS),and HTST to inactivate B.cereus in pasteurized milk.Based on this comparison,we further discussed the inactivation ability and potential mechanism ofε-PL-TS treatment on B.cereus.The experimental result indicated thatε-PL-TS treatment had an obvious inactivation impact on B.cereus.The cell architecture was damaged byε-PL-TS treatment,causing the leakage of proteins and DNA from the cell.ε-PL-TS treatment caused metabolic disorders by reducing the activities of key enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)(72.5%),malate dehydrogenase(MDH)(70.5%),and ATPase(80.3%).Meanwhile,the activity of CAT and POD decreased by 42.5%and 48.7%,respectively,suggesting that oxidative stress may be involved in the bactericidal mechanism.In addition,the combined treatment effectively inhibits microbial proliferation of pasteurized milk during storage at 4℃.Therefore,ε-PL-TS treatment can be used as a potential new inactivated microorganism technology that is helpful to obtain high-quality pasteurized milk with a long shelf life.展开更多
Ultrasound is versatile and innovative technology due to its wide range of application and increase in knowledge and research studies. It is used in food industry for many purposes including analysis methods and food ...Ultrasound is versatile and innovative technology due to its wide range of application and increase in knowledge and research studies. It is used in food industry for many purposes including analysis methods and food processings such as freezing, cutting, drying, tempering, homogenization, degassing, antifoaming, filtration and extraction. Ultrasound can be used as a promoter or alternative to food processing. There may be numereous advantages of using ultrasound for food processing such as effective mixing, increased mass transfer, reduced energy, reduced temperature and increased production rate. Due to the elimination of microorganisms and enzymes without destroying nutrients of foods, ultrasound can be used as an alternative method to thermal treatments in the food preservation. Additionally, low power ultrasound is thought to be an attractive nonthermal method due to overcome problems which occur during heat treatments such as physical and chemical changes, nutritional loss and change in organoleptic properties. This review summarizes mechanism, operation and latest potential applications of ultrasound in the food preservation.展开更多
The driving voltage and current signals of piezoceramic transducer (PZT) were measured directly by designing circuits from ultrasonic generator and using a data acquisition software system. The input impedance and pow...The driving voltage and current signals of piezoceramic transducer (PZT) were measured directly by designing circuits from ultrasonic generator and using a data acquisition software system. The input impedance and power of PZT were investigated by using root mean square (RMS) calculation. The vibration driven by high frequency was tested by laser Doppler vibrometer (PSV-400-M2). And the thermosonic bonding features were observed by scanning electron microscope (JSM-6360LV). The results show that the input power of bonding is lower than that of no load. The input impedance of bonding is greater than that of no load. Nonlinear phase, plastic flow and expansion period, and strengthening bonding process are shown in the impedance and power curves. The ultrasonic power is in direct proportion to the vibration displacement driven by the power, and greater displacements driven by high power (>5 W) result in welding failure phenomena, such as crack, break, and peeling off in wedge bonding. For thermosonic flip chip bonding, the high power decreases position precision of bonding or results in slippage and rotation phenomena of bumps. To improve reliability and precision of thermosonic bonding, the low ultrasonic power (about 1-5 W) should be chosen.展开更多
Lift-off and section characteristics at the interface of thermosonic bond are observed by using scanning electron microscope(KYKY2800)with EDS-test.Results show that the peeling underdeveloped bonds simulate atorns(or...Lift-off and section characteristics at the interface of thermosonic bond are observed by using scanning electron microscope(KYKY2800)with EDS-test.Results show that the peeling underdeveloped bonds simulate atorns(or doughnut)with an unbonded central region and ridged peripheral region is bonded hardly,Inside roundness at flip chip bonding center are discovered.Bond strength is located between the severely ridged periphery and the non-adhering central area of the bond.For constant force and time,the ridged area of the bond pattern increases when more power is applied.For constant force and power,the ridged location of the bonded region moves closer to the bond center with time.Results of EDS-tests at Au-Al and Au-Ag interfaces show that Kirkendall diffusibility at Au-Ag interface occur and the diffusing speed of Au-atomic is faster than that of Ag,and that intermetallic compounds at Au-Al interface is generated possibly.And these would be helpful for further research about thermosonic bonding.展开更多
This work is aimed at developing an effective method for defect recognition in thermosonic imaging.The heat mechanism of thermosonic imaging is introduced,and the problem for defect recognition is discussed.For this p...This work is aimed at developing an effective method for defect recognition in thermosonic imaging.The heat mechanism of thermosonic imaging is introduced,and the problem for defect recognition is discussed.For this purpose,defect existing in the inner wall of a metal pipeline specimen and defects embedded in a carbon fiber reinforced plastic（CFRP） laminate are tested.The experimental data are processed by pulse phase thermography（PPT） method to show the phase images at different frequencies,and the characteristic of phase angle vs frequency curve of thermal anomalies and sound area is analyzed.A binary image,which is based on the characteristic value of defects,is obtained by a new recognition algorithm to show the defects.Results demonstrate good defect recognition performance for thermosonic imaging,and the reliability of this technique can be improved by the method.展开更多
Copper wire, serving as a cost-saving alternative to gold wire, has been used in many high-end thermosonic ball bonding applications. In this paper, the bond shear force, bond shear strength, and the ball bond diamete...Copper wire, serving as a cost-saving alternative to gold wire, has been used in many high-end thermosonic ball bonding applications. In this paper, the bond shear force, bond shear strength, and the ball bond diameter are adopted to evaluate the bonding quality. It is concluded that the ef/~cient ultrasonic power is needed to soften the ball to form the copper bonds with high bonding strength. However, excessive ultrasonic power would serve as a fatigue loading to weaken the bonding. Excessive or less bonding force would cause cratering in the silicon.展开更多
This paper presents the recent study by investigating the vital responses of wire bonding with the application of conduction pre-heating. It is observed through literature reviews that, the effect of pre-heating has n...This paper presents the recent study by investigating the vital responses of wire bonding with the application of conduction pre-heating. It is observed through literature reviews that, the effect of pre-heating has not been completely explored to enable the successful application of pre-heating during wire bonding. The aim of wire bonding is to form quality and reliable solid-state bonds to interconnect metals such as gold wires to metalized pads deposited on silicon integrated circuits. Typically, there are 3 main wire bonding techniques applied in the industry;Thermo-compression, Ultrasonic and Thermosonic. This experiment utilizes the most common and widely used platform which is thermosonic bonding. This technique is explored with the application of conduction pre-heating along with heat on the bonding site, ultrasonic energy and force on an Au-Al system. Sixteen groups of bonding conditions which include eight hundred data points of shear strength at various temperature settings were compared to establish the relationship between bonding strength and the application of conduction pre-heating. The results of this study will clearly indicate the effects of applied conduction pre-heating towards bonding strength which may further produce a robust wire bonding system.展开更多
The steady-state vibration amplitude is an important performance indicator of high-frequency ultrasonic transducers for ultrasonically assisted manipulating,machining,and manufacturing.This work aimed to develop a cal...The steady-state vibration amplitude is an important performance indicator of high-frequency ultrasonic transducers for ultrasonically assisted manipulating,machining,and manufacturing.This work aimed to develop a calculation model for the steady-state vibration amplitude of a new type of dual-branch cascaded composite structure-based ultrasonic transducer that can be used in the packaging of microelectronic chips.First,the steady-state vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator of the transducer was derived from the piezoelectric equation.Second,the vibration transfer matrices of the tapered ultrasonic horns were obtained by combining the vibration equation,the continuous condition of the displacement,and the equilibrium condition of the force.Calculation models for the steady-state vibration amplitude of the two working ends of the transducer were then developed.A series of exciting trials were carried out to test the performance of the models.Comparison between the calculated and measured results for steady-state vibration amplitude showed that the maximum deviation was 0.0221μm,the minimum deviation was 0.0013μm,the average deviation was 0.0097μm,and the standard deviation was 0.0046μm.These values indicated good calculation accuracy,laying a good foundation for the practical application of the proposed transducer.展开更多
基金follow projects for their support:the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100402-2)the Second Phase of the Ministry of Education’s Supply-Demand Matching Employment Education Project(20230113435)+1 种基金The Open Fund Project of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry&Food Machinery and Equipment(Tianjin University of Science&Technology)(2024LIMFE02)Shanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program(2024JC-YBQN-0175).
文摘Thermosonication(TS),an emerging non-thermal sterilization technology,holds promise for enhancing the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable juices.This study systematically evaluated the effects of pasteurization(TP:85℃,10 min),ultrasound(US:15 min,40 KHz,480 W)and TS(60℃,15 min,40 KHz,480 W)on tomato juice the quality based on physicochemical indicators and metabolomics(LC-MS/MS and GC-MS).Both TP and TS significantly reduced the microbial load by 5.2 and 3.8 log CFU/mL,respectively,reaching GB/T 4789.25-2024 standards,while no significant effects were observed on pH,total soluble solids or titratable acidity.Notably,TS treatments exhibited superior performance in colour parameters(ΔE=1.89;browning index(0.82)and textural stability(SEM,D_(50)=75.69μm),sedimentation index(0.79),and cloudiness(74.78%).Metabolomic profiling identified 1167 metabolites(1142 non-volatile,25 volatile),revealing distinct metabolic shifts in US/TS compared to TP.Mechanistically,TS up-regulated(FC:1.05-1.41)bioactive compounds(anacardic acid,cucurbitic acid,and phytosphingosine)and flavor metabolites(peptides,terpenes)through regulating biosynthetic metabolism,stress-responsive metabolism(glutathione,jasmonate)and minimizing oxidative degradation.These findings demonstrate that TS not only ensures microbial safety but also improves color,textural stability and bioactive/flavor compound retention,supporting its industrial application as a sustainable alternative to thermal processing.
基金supported by the general program[grant number 31171761]of the National Nature Science Foundation of Chinathe Key Research Project of Shaanxi Province[grant number 2017ZDXM-SF-104]the High-level Talent Special Support Plan of Regional Development Talent Project of Shaanxi Province[grant number 202002].
文摘Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores have strong stress resistance,and their spores cannot be eliminated by pasteurization,which is considered a major threat to the beverage industry.In this study,based on the spore control strategy of“germinate to eradicate”,the spores were germinated by multi-frequency thermosonication(MFTS)combined with germinant.The process parameters were optimized,and the underlying mechanism was explored.The results showed that when A.acidoterrestris spores were treated with MFTS(60℃,20/40/50 kHz)and 300 mM AGFK for 30 min,incubated at 45℃for 2 h,and heated to 80℃for 20 min,a maximum 1.4±0.04 log reduction can be achieved.The spores showed the darkest phase and the best germination effect after MFTS treatment,but leakage of proteins and electrolytes inside the spores were also caused.The surface of the vegetative cells formed by spore after MFTS treatment shrank extensively,and the shape was irregular.Spore resistance was reduced,making them more likely to die after pasteurization.This study could provide theoretical evidence for the technological innovation and practical application of A.acidoterrestris spores hazard control in the beverage industry.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172279,31871831)Shenyang Science and technology innovation platform project(21-103-0-14,21-104-0-28).
文摘At present,most liquid milk products use high-temperature short-time heat treatment(HTST).However,HTST treatment cannot completely inactivate the bacteria in milk,which seriously affects the quality,safety,and shelf life of the product.Therefore,exploring the combined use of HTST and other technologies is of great importance to the production of high-quality pasteurized milk.In this study,we compared thermosonication(TS),ε-Polylysine(ε-PL),ε-PL combined with TS(ε-PL-TS),and HTST to inactivate B.cereus in pasteurized milk.Based on this comparison,we further discussed the inactivation ability and potential mechanism ofε-PL-TS treatment on B.cereus.The experimental result indicated thatε-PL-TS treatment had an obvious inactivation impact on B.cereus.The cell architecture was damaged byε-PL-TS treatment,causing the leakage of proteins and DNA from the cell.ε-PL-TS treatment caused metabolic disorders by reducing the activities of key enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)(72.5%),malate dehydrogenase(MDH)(70.5%),and ATPase(80.3%).Meanwhile,the activity of CAT and POD decreased by 42.5%and 48.7%,respectively,suggesting that oxidative stress may be involved in the bactericidal mechanism.In addition,the combined treatment effectively inhibits microbial proliferation of pasteurized milk during storage at 4℃.Therefore,ε-PL-TS treatment can be used as a potential new inactivated microorganism technology that is helpful to obtain high-quality pasteurized milk with a long shelf life.
文摘Ultrasound is versatile and innovative technology due to its wide range of application and increase in knowledge and research studies. It is used in food industry for many purposes including analysis methods and food processings such as freezing, cutting, drying, tempering, homogenization, degassing, antifoaming, filtration and extraction. Ultrasound can be used as a promoter or alternative to food processing. There may be numereous advantages of using ultrasound for food processing such as effective mixing, increased mass transfer, reduced energy, reduced temperature and increased production rate. Due to the elimination of microorganisms and enzymes without destroying nutrients of foods, ultrasound can be used as an alternative method to thermal treatments in the food preservation. Additionally, low power ultrasound is thought to be an attractive nonthermal method due to overcome problems which occur during heat treatments such as physical and chemical changes, nutritional loss and change in organoleptic properties. This review summarizes mechanism, operation and latest potential applications of ultrasound in the food preservation.
基金Project(50675227) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(07JJ3091) supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China+1 种基金Project(2007001) supported by the State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologyProject(2009CB724203) supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China
文摘The driving voltage and current signals of piezoceramic transducer (PZT) were measured directly by designing circuits from ultrasonic generator and using a data acquisition software system. The input impedance and power of PZT were investigated by using root mean square (RMS) calculation. The vibration driven by high frequency was tested by laser Doppler vibrometer (PSV-400-M2). And the thermosonic bonding features were observed by scanning electron microscope (JSM-6360LV). The results show that the input power of bonding is lower than that of no load. The input impedance of bonding is greater than that of no load. Nonlinear phase, plastic flow and expansion period, and strengthening bonding process are shown in the impedance and power curves. The ultrasonic power is in direct proportion to the vibration displacement driven by the power, and greater displacements driven by high power (>5 W) result in welding failure phenomena, such as crack, break, and peeling off in wedge bonding. For thermosonic flip chip bonding, the high power decreases position precision of bonding or results in slippage and rotation phenomena of bumps. To improve reliability and precision of thermosonic bonding, the low ultrasonic power (about 1-5 W) should be chosen.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50390064)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2003CB716202).
文摘Lift-off and section characteristics at the interface of thermosonic bond are observed by using scanning electron microscope(KYKY2800)with EDS-test.Results show that the peeling underdeveloped bonds simulate atorns(or doughnut)with an unbonded central region and ridged peripheral region is bonded hardly,Inside roundness at flip chip bonding center are discovered.Bond strength is located between the severely ridged periphery and the non-adhering central area of the bond.For constant force and time,the ridged area of the bond pattern increases when more power is applied.For constant force and power,the ridged location of the bonded region moves closer to the bond center with time.Results of EDS-tests at Au-Al and Au-Ag interfaces show that Kirkendall diffusibility at Au-Ag interface occur and the diffusing speed of Au-atomic is faster than that of Ag,and that intermetallic compounds at Au-Al interface is generated possibly.And these would be helpful for further research about thermosonic bonding.
基金Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundationof China (61079020)
文摘This work is aimed at developing an effective method for defect recognition in thermosonic imaging.The heat mechanism of thermosonic imaging is introduced,and the problem for defect recognition is discussed.For this purpose,defect existing in the inner wall of a metal pipeline specimen and defects embedded in a carbon fiber reinforced plastic（CFRP） laminate are tested.The experimental data are processed by pulse phase thermography（PPT） method to show the phase images at different frequencies,and the characteristic of phase angle vs frequency curve of thermal anomalies and sound area is analyzed.A binary image,which is based on the characteristic value of defects,is obtained by a new recognition algorithm to show the defects.Results demonstrate good defect recognition performance for thermosonic imaging,and the reliability of this technique can be improved by the method.
文摘Copper wire, serving as a cost-saving alternative to gold wire, has been used in many high-end thermosonic ball bonding applications. In this paper, the bond shear force, bond shear strength, and the ball bond diameter are adopted to evaluate the bonding quality. It is concluded that the ef/~cient ultrasonic power is needed to soften the ball to form the copper bonds with high bonding strength. However, excessive ultrasonic power would serve as a fatigue loading to weaken the bonding. Excessive or less bonding force would cause cratering in the silicon.
文摘This paper presents the recent study by investigating the vital responses of wire bonding with the application of conduction pre-heating. It is observed through literature reviews that, the effect of pre-heating has not been completely explored to enable the successful application of pre-heating during wire bonding. The aim of wire bonding is to form quality and reliable solid-state bonds to interconnect metals such as gold wires to metalized pads deposited on silicon integrated circuits. Typically, there are 3 main wire bonding techniques applied in the industry;Thermo-compression, Ultrasonic and Thermosonic. This experiment utilizes the most common and widely used platform which is thermosonic bonding. This technique is explored with the application of conduction pre-heating along with heat on the bonding site, ultrasonic energy and force on an Au-Al system. Sixteen groups of bonding conditions which include eight hundred data points of shear strength at various temperature settings were compared to establish the relationship between bonding strength and the application of conduction pre-heating. The results of this study will clearly indicate the effects of applied conduction pre-heating towards bonding strength which may further produce a robust wire bonding system.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175110)Author Hongjie Zhang has received research support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The steady-state vibration amplitude is an important performance indicator of high-frequency ultrasonic transducers for ultrasonically assisted manipulating,machining,and manufacturing.This work aimed to develop a calculation model for the steady-state vibration amplitude of a new type of dual-branch cascaded composite structure-based ultrasonic transducer that can be used in the packaging of microelectronic chips.First,the steady-state vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator of the transducer was derived from the piezoelectric equation.Second,the vibration transfer matrices of the tapered ultrasonic horns were obtained by combining the vibration equation,the continuous condition of the displacement,and the equilibrium condition of the force.Calculation models for the steady-state vibration amplitude of the two working ends of the transducer were then developed.A series of exciting trials were carried out to test the performance of the models.Comparison between the calculated and measured results for steady-state vibration amplitude showed that the maximum deviation was 0.0221μm,the minimum deviation was 0.0013μm,the average deviation was 0.0097μm,and the standard deviation was 0.0046μm.These values indicated good calculation accuracy,laying a good foundation for the practical application of the proposed transducer.
