Bulk skutterudite （FeNi）xCo4-xSbl2 with x varying from 0.05 to 1.0 were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering （MA-SPS）. The phases of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their ...Bulk skutterudite （FeNi）xCo4-xSbl2 with x varying from 0.05 to 1.0 were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering （MA-SPS）. The phases of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their thermoelectrical properties were tested by electrical constant instrument and laser thermal constant instrument. The experimental results show that bulk （FeNi）xCo4-xSb12 have the characteristic of typical semiconductor electricity. The addition of FeNi improves the electrical properties to a large extent; the samples of bulk （FeNi）xCo4-xSbl2 （x = 0.05-1.0） are n-type semiconducting materials; the increase of FeNi content can decrease the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient and therefore decrease the ZT value; FeNi with a higher content when x 〉 0.5 leads to an evident increase in thermal conductivity and also a decrease in ZT value. In general, for ZT value, the optimal added content of FeNi is 0.25-0.5 and the maximum ZT value is 0.2467 when x = 0.5 at 500℃.展开更多
The effects of Mg addition on mechanical thermo-electrical properties of Al.Mg/5%Al2O3 nanocomposite with differentMg contents （0, 5%, 10% and 20%） produced by mechanical alloying were studied. Scanning electron mic...The effects of Mg addition on mechanical thermo-electrical properties of Al.Mg/5%Al2O3 nanocomposite with differentMg contents （0, 5%, 10% and 20%） produced by mechanical alloying were studied. Scanning electron microscopy analysis （SEM）,X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to characterize the produced powder. Theresults show that addition of Mg forms a predominant phase （Al.Mg solid solution）. By increasing the mass fraction of Mg, thecrystallite size decreases and the lattice strain increases which results from the atomic penetration of Mg atoms into the substitutionalsites of Al lattice. The microhardness of the composite increases with the increase of the Mg content. The thermal and electricalconductivities increase linearly with the temperature increase in the inspected temperature range. Moreover, the thermalconductivity increases with the increase of Mg content.展开更多
Engineering the electrical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)holds great potential for various applications such as sensors,thermoelectric(TE)generators,and hole transport...Engineering the electrical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)holds great potential for various applications such as sensors,thermoelectric(TE)generators,and hole transport layers in solar cells.Various strategies have been applied to achieve optimal electrical properties,including base solution post-treatments.However,the working mechanism and the exact details of the structural transformations induced by base post-treatments are still unclear.In this work,we present a comparative study on the post-treatment effects of using three common and green alkali base solutions:namely LiOH,NaOH,and KOH.The structural modifications induced in the film by the base post-treatments are studied by techniques including atomic force microscopy,grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering,ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectroscopy,and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.Base-induced structural modifications are responsible for an improvement in the TE power factor of the films,which depends on the basic solution used.The results are explained on the basis of the different affinity between the alkali cations and the PSS chains,which determines PEDOT dedoping.The results presented here shed light on the structural reorganization occurring in PEDOT:PSS when exposed to high-pH solutions and may serve as inspiration to create future pH-/ion-responsive devices for various applications.展开更多
Results? are presented on synthesis?? and crystal growth of? Gd2S3-Dy2S3 solid solution sulfides and study of their thermoelectric properties in the range of temperatures 80-400 K. Gd0.2Dy0.8S1.48 composition has the ...Results? are presented on synthesis?? and crystal growth of? Gd2S3-Dy2S3 solid solution sulfides and study of their thermoelectric properties in the range of temperatures 80-400 K. Gd0.2Dy0.8S1.48 composition has the best values of thermoelectric efficiency 0.39 x 10-3/K at 400 K.展开更多
Bulk SnSe is an excellent thermoelectrical material with the highest figure-of-merit value of ZT=2.&making it promising in applications.Temperature-dependent electrical and thermoelectrical properties of SnSe nano...Bulk SnSe is an excellent thermoelectrical material with the highest figure-of-merit value of ZT=2.&making it promising in applications.Temperature-dependent electrical and thermoelectrical properties of SnSe nanoplates are studied at low temperature.Conductivity drops and rises again as temperature is lowered.The Seebeck coefficient is positive at room temperature and becomes negative at low temperature.The change of the sign of the Seebeck coefficient indicates influence of bipolar transport of the semiconductive SnSe nanoplate.The bipolar transport is caused by the Fermi energy changing with temperature due to different contributions from donors and acceptors at different temperatures.展开更多
The recent discovery of superconductivity above 90 K in the oxide Y-Ba-Cu-O has generated an intense research in this field. This report deals with the thermoelectric power (TEP) of a typical high T_c oxide supercondu...The recent discovery of superconductivity above 90 K in the oxide Y-Ba-Cu-O has generated an intense research in this field. This report deals with the thermoelectric power (TEP) of a typical high T_c oxide superconductor prepared at Peking University.展开更多
Converting body heat into electricity presents an appealing route for sustainably powering wearable electronics;however,conventional thermoelectric materials face significant drawbacks,including high ionic concentrati...Converting body heat into electricity presents an appealing route for sustainably powering wearable electronics;however,conventional thermoelectric materials face significant drawbacks,including high ionic concentrations,toxicity,and limited thermoelectric efficiency.Here,we report an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel designed through precise supramolecular chemistry,utilizing dual molecular interactions,host-vip complexation ofα-cyclodextrin(α-CD)with I_(3)^(-)ions and hydrogen bonding between polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)polymer chains and I_(3)^(-).This molecularly tailored approach markedly amplifies thermoelectric performance,achieving a high thermopower of 2.21 mV/K and a tenfold enhancement in peak power output at an exceptionally low iodine concentration(10 mmol/L I^(-)+2.5 mmol/L I_(3)^(-)).The hydrogel maintains excellent biocompatibility and mechanical robustness,suitable for direct skin contact.Demonstrated applications include flexible thermoelectric devices generating nearly 100 mV from body heat and sensor arrays capable of motion and spatial temperature sensing.These results underscore the substantial potential of supramolecularly designed ionic thermoelectric hydrogels for wearable energy harvesting,personalized healthcare monitoring,and advanced human-computer interfaces.展开更多
Thermoelectric(TE)materials,being capable of converting waste heat into electricity,are pivotal for sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging TE materials,organic TE materials,particularly conjugated polymers,are ga...Thermoelectric(TE)materials,being capable of converting waste heat into electricity,are pivotal for sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging TE materials,organic TE materials,particularly conjugated polymers,are gaining prominence due to their unique combination of mechanical flexibility,environmental compatibility,and solution-processable fabrication.A notable candidate in this field is poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)(PBTTT),a liquid-crystalline conjugated polymer,with high charge carrier mobility and adaptability to melt-processing techniques.Recent advancements have propelled PBTTT’s figure of merit from below 0.1 to a remarkable 1.28 at 368 K,showcasing its potential for practical applications.This review systematically examines strategies to enhance PBTTT’s TE performance through doping(solution,vapor,and anion exchange doping),composite engineering,and aggregation state controlling.Recent key breakthroughs include ion exchange doping for stable charge modulation,multi-heterojunction architectures reducing thermal conductivity,and proton-coupled electron transfer doping for precise Fermi-level tuning.Despite great progress,challenges still persist in enhancing TE conversion efficiency,balancing or decoupling electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity,and leveraging melt-processing scalability of PBTTT.By bridging fundamental insights with applied research,this work provides a roadmap for advancing PBTTT-based TE materials toward efficient energy harvesting and wearable electronics.展开更多
Charge-transfer complexes(CTCs)have emerged as promising n-type organic thermoelectric(TE)materials due to their inherent high electrical conductivity and tunable transport polarities.In this study,we performed a comp...Charge-transfer complexes(CTCs)have emerged as promising n-type organic thermoelectric(TE)materials due to their inherent high electrical conductivity and tunable transport polarities.In this study,we performed a comprehensive first-principles investigation on the TE properties of nine CTCs comprised of 2,7-dialkyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes(CnBTBT,n=4,8,12)as donors and fluorinated derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane(F_(m)TCNQ,m=0,2,4)as acceptors,aiming to identify high-performance n-type organic TE materials and elucidate the underlying structure-property relationships.Our calculation results,based on the Boltzmann transport equation and deformation potential theory,reveal that the length of the alkyl side chains and the number of fluorine substitutions significantly impact their electronic structures and TE properties.Notably,the CnBTBT-F_(m)TCNQ CTCs with shorter alkyl chains and more fluorine substitution demonstrate superior n-type characteristics,particularly C4BTBT-F4TCNQ,which achieves an excellent power factor of 671µW cm^(-1) K^(-2) at an optimal charge carrier concentration.Our findings not only clarify the critical role of molecular engineering in CTC-based TE materials but also provide valuable guidance for developing high-efficiency organic TE materials with versatile practical applications.展开更多
Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement ...Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.展开更多
Undesired ice accumulation on infrastructure and transportation systems leads to catastrophic events and significant economic losses.Although various anti-icing surfaces with photothermal effects can initially prevent...Undesired ice accumulation on infrastructure and transportation systems leads to catastrophic events and significant economic losses.Although various anti-icing surfaces with photothermal effects can initially prevent icing,any thawy droplets remaining on the horizontal surface can quickly re-freezing once the light diminishes.To address these challenges,we have developed a self-draining slippery surface(SDSS)that enables the thawy droplets to self-remove on the horizontal surface,thereby facilitating real-time anti-icing with the aid of sunlight(100 m W cm^(-2)).This is achieved by sandwiching a thin pyroelectric layer between slippery surface and photothermal film.Due to the synergy between the photothermal and pyroelectric layers,the SDSS not only maintains a high surface temperature of 19.8±2.2℃at the low temperature(-20.0±1.0℃),but also generates amount of charge through thermoelectric coupling.Thus,as cold droplets dropped on the SDSS,electrostatic force pushes the droplets off the charged surface because of the charge transfer mechanism.Even if the surface freezes overnight,the ice can melt and drain off the SDSS within 10 min of exposure to sunlight at-20.0±1.0℃,leaving a clean surface.This work provides a new perspective on the anti-icing system in the real-world environments.展开更多
Previous solar probes have relied on solar energy for power,but in the near-solar environment,traditional solar panels are prone to overheating and radiation damage,increasing system complexity and reducing power reli...Previous solar probes have relied on solar energy for power,but in the near-solar environment,traditional solar panels are prone to overheating and radiation damage,increasing system complexity and reducing power reliability.This study introduces a dual-power system integrating solar-thermal thermoelectric generation with photovoltaic technology.First,suitable thermoelectric materials are screened,the geometric structure of the thermoelectric devices is simulated,and then the fabricated thermoelectric devices are subjected to cyclic heatingcooling power generation tests and long-duration high-temperature power generation tests.The results demonstrate that a single thermoelectric device can stably provide 3.5 W of power with excellent cycling stability.Additionally,this study discusses design concepts for energy storage and intelligent energy management systems required by the dualpower system.Designed for the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,this dualpower supply system integrates the benefits of both to address demands under varying environmental conditions.展开更多
Thermoelectric (TE) materials enable precise, noiseless, and moving-part-free waste heat recovery and solid-state refrigeration through the Seebeck and Peltier effects [1–3]. The efficiency of TE materials is typical...Thermoelectric (TE) materials enable precise, noiseless, and moving-part-free waste heat recovery and solid-state refrigeration through the Seebeck and Peltier effects [1–3]. The efficiency of TE materials is typically evaluated by a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT = S2σT/(κe+ κl)), which depends on the delicate interplay among the electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), lattice thermal conductivity (κl), and electronic thermal conductivity (κe) [4].展开更多
Cu_(x)Ta_(2-x)O_(5) compositions were investigated for advanced thermoelectric and optical applications,using both simulations and experimental approaches.Density functional theory calculations were performed before t...Cu_(x)Ta_(2-x)O_(5) compositions were investigated for advanced thermoelectric and optical applications,using both simulations and experimental approaches.Density functional theory calculations were performed before the experimental observations to predict the trends of various parameters.Crystal structure analysis confirmed the presence of the orthorhombic Ta_(2)O_(5) phase in all the compositions.The composition and morphology demonstrated impurity-free contents with uniform and crack-free surfaces.Thermoelectric analysis depicted a decrease in Seebeck coefficient from 3.66??V·K^(-1)to 1.91??V·K^(-1)and an increase in the value of specific heat from 0.73 J·K^(-1)·kg^(-1)to 11.6 J·K^(-1)·kg^(-1)upon Cu incorporation in structure.The bandgap was found to reduce from 2.61 to 1.38 e V with Cu-induced electronic states.The real epsilon and static refractive index increased from 3.75 to 4.57 and from 1.93 to 2.11,respectively,with increment in Cu content.The enhanced parameters,focusing on the thermoelectric and optical responses,make these compositions potential candidates for advanced optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Advanced fabric electronics for long-term personal physiological monitoring,with a self-sufficient energy source,high integrity,sensitivity,wearing comfort,and homogeneous components are urgently desired.Instead of as...Advanced fabric electronics for long-term personal physiological monitoring,with a self-sufficient energy source,high integrity,sensitivity,wearing comfort,and homogeneous components are urgently desired.Instead of assembling a self-powered biosensor,comprising a variety of materials with different levels of hardness,and supplementing with a booster or energy storage device,herein,an all-fiber integrated thermoelectrically powered physiological monitoring device(FPMD),is proposed and evaluated for production at an industrial scale.For the first time,an organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)biosensor is enabled by thermoelectric fabrics(TEFs)adaptively,sustainably and steadily without any additional accessories.Moreover,both the OECT and TEFs are constructed using a cotton/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfon ate)/dimethylsulfoxide/(3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane(PDG)yarn,which is lightweight,robust(90°bending for 1000 cycles)and sweat-resistant(ΔR/R0=1.9%).A small temperature gradient(ΔT=2.2 K)between the environment and the human body can drive the high-gain OECT(71.08 mS)with high fidelity,and a good signal to noise ratio.For practical applications,the on-body FPMD produced an enduring and steady output signal and demonstrated a linear monitoring region(sensitivity of 30.4 NCR(normalized current response)/dec,10 nM~50µM)for glucose in artificial sweat with reliable performance regarding anti-interference and reproducibility.This device can be expanded to the monitoring of various bio-markers and provides a new strategy for constructing wearable,comfortable,highly integrated and self-powered biosensors.展开更多
Theoretically,copper–niobium(Cu-Nb)composite superconducting cavities have excellent potential for high thermal and mechanical stability.They can appropriately exploit the high-gradient surface processing recipes dev...Theoretically,copper–niobium(Cu-Nb)composite superconducting cavities have excellent potential for high thermal and mechanical stability.They can appropriately exploit the high-gradient surface processing recipes developed for the bulk niobium(Nb)cavity and the thick copper(Cu)layer’s high thermal conductivity and rigidity,thereby enhancing the operational stability of the bulk Nb cavities.This study conducted a global review of the technical approaches employed for fabricating Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavities.We explored Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavities based on two technologies at the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMP,CAS),including their manufacturing processes,radio-frequency(RF)characteristics,and mechanical performance.These cavities exhibit robust mechanical stability.First,the investigation of several 1.3 GHz single-cell elliptical cavities using the Cu-Nb composite sheets indicated that the wavy structure at the Cu-Nb interface influenced the reliable welding of the Cu-Nb composite parts.We observed the generation and trapping of magnetic flux density during the T_c crossing of Nb in cooldown process.The cooling rates during the T_c crossing of Nb exerted a substantial impact on the performance of the cavities.Furthermore,we measured and analyzed the surface resistance R_(s)attributed to the trapped magnetic flux induced by the Seebeck effect after quenching events.Second,for the first time,a low-beta bulk Nb cavity was plated with Cu on its outer surface using electroplating technology.We achieved a high peak electric field E_(pk)of~88.8 MV/m at 2 K and the unloaded quality factor Q_(0)at the E_(pk)of 88.8 MV/m exceeded 1×10^(10).This demonstrated that the electroplating Cu on the bulk Nb cavity is a practical method of developing the Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavity with superior thermal stability.The results presented here provide valuable insights for applying Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavities in superconducting accelerators with stringent operational stability requirements.展开更多
Lead-free SnTe with naturally non-stoichiometric vacancies has a limited thermoelectric performance due to a deviated carrier concentration from the optimum.In this paper,we experimentally demonstrated that Gd with+3 ...Lead-free SnTe with naturally non-stoichiometric vacancies has a limited thermoelectric performance due to a deviated carrier concentration from the optimum.In this paper,we experimentally demonstrated that Gd with+3 valence state as a novel n-type dopant is an effective solution for reducing carrier concentration in SnTe.A lowest value of 7.6×10^(18) cm^(−3) has been achieved.Yet with the involvement of Gd doping,the slightly modified band structure requires a further Sndeficiency compensation to enhance the overall figure of merit zT.As a consequence,in the specific sample Sn_(0.91)Gd_(0.07)Te,we successfully achieved a low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m K)due to the high doping level and an improved zT approaching 0.8 at 850 K.展开更多
Fiber fabrics have been wildly utilized for solar interracial evaporators to address freshwater scarcity.However,the complex and expensive manufacturing processes remain limited to their scalable development.Herein,a ...Fiber fabrics have been wildly utilized for solar interracial evaporators to address freshwater scarcity.However,the complex and expensive manufacturing processes remain limited to their scalable development.Herein,a fabric-based Janus interracial evaporator is efficiently fabricated on a large scale by integrating an extremely innovative self-designed melt-centrifugal spinning technology with spray coating technology.The prepared fabric-based Janus interfacial evaporator has differential hydrophilicity,uneven surfaces,and channels that allow moisture escape.Benefiting from the excellent photothermai conversion of graphene oxide and the charge transfer actions of titanium dioxide,such a multifunction evaporator can reach a high evaporation rate of 1.72 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation,a superior antibacterial rate of 99%,excellent photocatalytic degradation,and effective thermoelectric ability simultaneously.Moreover,it also shows fantastic performance in salt resistance,recyclable evaporation,and real desalination,This work demonstrates a high-efficiency,cost-effective,multifunctional,and scalable strategy for high-performance fiber fabrics solar interfacial evaporation.展开更多
Enhancing the firefighting protective clothing with exceptional thermal barrier and temperature sensing functions to ensure high fire safety for firefighters has long been anticipated,but it remains a major challenge....Enhancing the firefighting protective clothing with exceptional thermal barrier and temperature sensing functions to ensure high fire safety for firefighters has long been anticipated,but it remains a major challenge.Herein,inspired by the human muscle,an anisotropic fire safety aerogel(ACMCA)with precise self-actuated temperature monitoring performance is developed by combining aramid nanofibers with eicosane/MXene to form an anisotropically oriented conductive network.By combining the two synergies of the negative temperaturedependent thermal conductive eicosane,which induces a high-temperature differential,and directionally ordered MXene that establishes a conductive network along the directional freezing direction.The resultant ACMCA exhibited remarkable thermoelectric properties,with S values reaching 46.78μV K^(−1)andκvalues as low as 0.048 W m^(−1)K^(−1)at room temperature.Moreover,the prepared anisotropic aerogel ACMCA exhibited electrical responsiveness to temperature variations,facilitating its application in intelligent temperature monitoring systems.The designed anisotropic aerogel ACMCA could be incorporated into the firefighting clothing as a thermal barrier layer,demonstrating a wide temperature sensing range(50-400℃)and a rapid response time for early high-temperature alerts(~1.43 s).This work provides novel insights into the design and application of temperature-sensitive anisotropic aramid nanofibers aerogel in firefighting clothing.展开更多
Wearable thermoelectric devices hold significant promise in the realm of self-powered wearable electron-ics,offering applications in energy harvesting,movement tracking,and health monitoring.Nevertheless,developing th...Wearable thermoelectric devices hold significant promise in the realm of self-powered wearable electron-ics,offering applications in energy harvesting,movement tracking,and health monitoring.Nevertheless,developing thermoelectric devices with exceptional flexibility,enduring thermoelectric stability,multi-functional sensing,and comfortable wear remains a challenge.In this work,a stretchable MXene-based thermoelectric fabric is designed to accurately discern temperature and strain stimuli.This is achieved by constructing an adhesive polydopamine(PDA)layer on the nylon fabric surface,which facilitates the subsequent MXene attachment through hydrogen bonding.This fusion results in MXene-based thermo-electric fabric that excels in both temperature sensing and strain sensing.The resultant MXene-based thermoelectric fabric exhibits outstanding temperature detection capability and cyclic stability,while also delivering excellent sensitivity,rapid responsiveness(60 ms),and remarkable durability in strain sens-ing(3200 cycles).Moreover,when affixed to a mask,this MXene-based thermoelectric fabric utilizes the temperature difference between the body and the environment to harness body heat,converting it into electrical energy and accurately discerning the body’s respiratory rate.In addition,the MXene-based ther-moelectric fabric can monitor the state of the body’s joint through its own deformation.Furthermore,it possesses the capability to convert solar energy into heat.These findings indicate that MXene-based ther-moelectric fabric holds great promise for applications in power generation,motion tracking,and health monitoring.展开更多
文摘Bulk skutterudite （FeNi）xCo4-xSbl2 with x varying from 0.05 to 1.0 were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering （MA-SPS）. The phases of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their thermoelectrical properties were tested by electrical constant instrument and laser thermal constant instrument. The experimental results show that bulk （FeNi）xCo4-xSb12 have the characteristic of typical semiconductor electricity. The addition of FeNi improves the electrical properties to a large extent; the samples of bulk （FeNi）xCo4-xSbl2 （x = 0.05-1.0） are n-type semiconducting materials; the increase of FeNi content can decrease the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient and therefore decrease the ZT value; FeNi with a higher content when x 〉 0.5 leads to an evident increase in thermal conductivity and also a decrease in ZT value. In general, for ZT value, the optimal added content of FeNi is 0.25-0.5 and the maximum ZT value is 0.2467 when x = 0.5 at 500℃.
文摘The effects of Mg addition on mechanical thermo-electrical properties of Al.Mg/5%Al2O3 nanocomposite with differentMg contents （0, 5%, 10% and 20%） produced by mechanical alloying were studied. Scanning electron microscopy analysis （SEM）,X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to characterize the produced powder. Theresults show that addition of Mg forms a predominant phase （Al.Mg solid solution）. By increasing the mass fraction of Mg, thecrystallite size decreases and the lattice strain increases which results from the atomic penetration of Mg atoms into the substitutionalsites of Al lattice. The microhardness of the composite increases with the increase of the Mg content. The thermal and electricalconductivities increase linearly with the temperature increase in the inspected temperature range. Moreover, the thermalconductivity increases with the increase of Mg content.
基金the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials for the startup fundsChina Scholarship Council(201606340158)。
文摘Engineering the electrical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)holds great potential for various applications such as sensors,thermoelectric(TE)generators,and hole transport layers in solar cells.Various strategies have been applied to achieve optimal electrical properties,including base solution post-treatments.However,the working mechanism and the exact details of the structural transformations induced by base post-treatments are still unclear.In this work,we present a comparative study on the post-treatment effects of using three common and green alkali base solutions:namely LiOH,NaOH,and KOH.The structural modifications induced in the film by the base post-treatments are studied by techniques including atomic force microscopy,grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering,ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectroscopy,and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.Base-induced structural modifications are responsible for an improvement in the TE power factor of the films,which depends on the basic solution used.The results are explained on the basis of the different affinity between the alkali cations and the PSS chains,which determines PEDOT dedoping.The results presented here shed light on the structural reorganization occurring in PEDOT:PSS when exposed to high-pH solutions and may serve as inspiration to create future pH-/ion-responsive devices for various applications.
文摘Results? are presented on synthesis?? and crystal growth of? Gd2S3-Dy2S3 solid solution sulfides and study of their thermoelectric properties in the range of temperatures 80-400 K. Gd0.2Dy0.8S1.48 composition has the best values of thermoelectric efficiency 0.39 x 10-3/K at 400 K.
文摘Bulk SnSe is an excellent thermoelectrical material with the highest figure-of-merit value of ZT=2.&making it promising in applications.Temperature-dependent electrical and thermoelectrical properties of SnSe nanoplates are studied at low temperature.Conductivity drops and rises again as temperature is lowered.The Seebeck coefficient is positive at room temperature and becomes negative at low temperature.The change of the sign of the Seebeck coefficient indicates influence of bipolar transport of the semiconductive SnSe nanoplate.The bipolar transport is caused by the Fermi energy changing with temperature due to different contributions from donors and acceptors at different temperatures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The recent discovery of superconductivity above 90 K in the oxide Y-Ba-Cu-O has generated an intense research in this field. This report deals with the thermoelectric power (TEP) of a typical high T_c oxide superconductor prepared at Peking University.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271110)the Natural Science Founda-tion of Hubei Province(2022CFA031)。
文摘Converting body heat into electricity presents an appealing route for sustainably powering wearable electronics;however,conventional thermoelectric materials face significant drawbacks,including high ionic concentrations,toxicity,and limited thermoelectric efficiency.Here,we report an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel designed through precise supramolecular chemistry,utilizing dual molecular interactions,host-vip complexation ofα-cyclodextrin(α-CD)with I_(3)^(-)ions and hydrogen bonding between polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)polymer chains and I_(3)^(-).This molecularly tailored approach markedly amplifies thermoelectric performance,achieving a high thermopower of 2.21 mV/K and a tenfold enhancement in peak power output at an exceptionally low iodine concentration(10 mmol/L I^(-)+2.5 mmol/L I_(3)^(-)).The hydrogel maintains excellent biocompatibility and mechanical robustness,suitable for direct skin contact.Demonstrated applications include flexible thermoelectric devices generating nearly 100 mV from body heat and sensor arrays capable of motion and spatial temperature sensing.These results underscore the substantial potential of supramolecularly designed ionic thermoelectric hydrogels for wearable energy harvesting,personalized healthcare monitoring,and advanced human-computer interfaces.
基金financial support by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012415)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52242305)the Stable Support Project of Shenzhen(Project No.20231122125728001).
文摘Thermoelectric(TE)materials,being capable of converting waste heat into electricity,are pivotal for sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging TE materials,organic TE materials,particularly conjugated polymers,are gaining prominence due to their unique combination of mechanical flexibility,environmental compatibility,and solution-processable fabrication.A notable candidate in this field is poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)(PBTTT),a liquid-crystalline conjugated polymer,with high charge carrier mobility and adaptability to melt-processing techniques.Recent advancements have propelled PBTTT’s figure of merit from below 0.1 to a remarkable 1.28 at 368 K,showcasing its potential for practical applications.This review systematically examines strategies to enhance PBTTT’s TE performance through doping(solution,vapor,and anion exchange doping),composite engineering,and aggregation state controlling.Recent key breakthroughs include ion exchange doping for stable charge modulation,multi-heterojunction architectures reducing thermal conductivity,and proton-coupled electron transfer doping for precise Fermi-level tuning.Despite great progress,challenges still persist in enhancing TE conversion efficiency,balancing or decoupling electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity,and leveraging melt-processing scalability of PBTTT.By bridging fundamental insights with applied research,this work provides a roadmap for advancing PBTTT-based TE materials toward efficient energy harvesting and wearable electronics.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(No.XDB0520000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273170 and 52394271)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1203200).
文摘Charge-transfer complexes(CTCs)have emerged as promising n-type organic thermoelectric(TE)materials due to their inherent high electrical conductivity and tunable transport polarities.In this study,we performed a comprehensive first-principles investigation on the TE properties of nine CTCs comprised of 2,7-dialkyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes(CnBTBT,n=4,8,12)as donors and fluorinated derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane(F_(m)TCNQ,m=0,2,4)as acceptors,aiming to identify high-performance n-type organic TE materials and elucidate the underlying structure-property relationships.Our calculation results,based on the Boltzmann transport equation and deformation potential theory,reveal that the length of the alkyl side chains and the number of fluorine substitutions significantly impact their electronic structures and TE properties.Notably,the CnBTBT-F_(m)TCNQ CTCs with shorter alkyl chains and more fluorine substitution demonstrate superior n-type characteristics,particularly C4BTBT-F4TCNQ,which achieves an excellent power factor of 671µW cm^(-1) K^(-2) at an optimal charge carrier concentration.Our findings not only clarify the critical role of molecular engineering in CTC-based TE materials but also provide valuable guidance for developing high-efficiency organic TE materials with versatile practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
文摘Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273101,51922018,and 21875011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KG21015201 and KG21020801)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M77422)。
文摘Undesired ice accumulation on infrastructure and transportation systems leads to catastrophic events and significant economic losses.Although various anti-icing surfaces with photothermal effects can initially prevent icing,any thawy droplets remaining on the horizontal surface can quickly re-freezing once the light diminishes.To address these challenges,we have developed a self-draining slippery surface(SDSS)that enables the thawy droplets to self-remove on the horizontal surface,thereby facilitating real-time anti-icing with the aid of sunlight(100 m W cm^(-2)).This is achieved by sandwiching a thin pyroelectric layer between slippery surface and photothermal film.Due to the synergy between the photothermal and pyroelectric layers,the SDSS not only maintains a high surface temperature of 19.8±2.2℃at the low temperature(-20.0±1.0℃),but also generates amount of charge through thermoelectric coupling.Thus,as cold droplets dropped on the SDSS,electrostatic force pushes the droplets off the charged surface because of the charge transfer mechanism.Even if the surface freezes overnight,the ice can melt and drain off the SDSS within 10 min of exposure to sunlight at-20.0±1.0℃,leaving a clean surface.This work provides a new perspective on the anti-icing system in the real-world environments.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0503804).
文摘Previous solar probes have relied on solar energy for power,but in the near-solar environment,traditional solar panels are prone to overheating and radiation damage,increasing system complexity and reducing power reliability.This study introduces a dual-power system integrating solar-thermal thermoelectric generation with photovoltaic technology.First,suitable thermoelectric materials are screened,the geometric structure of the thermoelectric devices is simulated,and then the fabricated thermoelectric devices are subjected to cyclic heatingcooling power generation tests and long-duration high-temperature power generation tests.The results demonstrate that a single thermoelectric device can stably provide 3.5 W of power with excellent cycling stability.Additionally,this study discusses design concepts for energy storage and intelligent energy management systems required by the dualpower system.Designed for the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,this dualpower supply system integrates the benefits of both to address demands under varying environmental conditions.
基金supports from the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (LJ242510147006)
文摘Thermoelectric (TE) materials enable precise, noiseless, and moving-part-free waste heat recovery and solid-state refrigeration through the Seebeck and Peltier effects [1–3]. The efficiency of TE materials is typically evaluated by a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT = S2σT/(κe+ κl)), which depends on the delicate interplay among the electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), lattice thermal conductivity (κl), and electronic thermal conductivity (κe) [4].
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia,for funding this study through the Large Groups Project(Grant No.RGP2/2/47)the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through project number NBU-FFR-2025-1902-02。
文摘Cu_(x)Ta_(2-x)O_(5) compositions were investigated for advanced thermoelectric and optical applications,using both simulations and experimental approaches.Density functional theory calculations were performed before the experimental observations to predict the trends of various parameters.Crystal structure analysis confirmed the presence of the orthorhombic Ta_(2)O_(5) phase in all the compositions.The composition and morphology demonstrated impurity-free contents with uniform and crack-free surfaces.Thermoelectric analysis depicted a decrease in Seebeck coefficient from 3.66??V·K^(-1)to 1.91??V·K^(-1)and an increase in the value of specific heat from 0.73 J·K^(-1)·kg^(-1)to 11.6 J·K^(-1)·kg^(-1)upon Cu incorporation in structure.The bandgap was found to reduce from 2.61 to 1.38 e V with Cu-induced electronic states.The real epsilon and static refractive index increased from 3.75 to 4.57 and from 1.93 to 2.11,respectively,with increment in Cu content.The enhanced parameters,focusing on the thermoelectric and optical responses,make these compositions potential candidates for advanced optoelectronic applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20257)the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3805803)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hubei Province of China(2021BAA067)Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2021CFA068)Outstanding Young and Middleaged Innovation Team of Hubei Province of China(T2021007).
文摘Advanced fabric electronics for long-term personal physiological monitoring,with a self-sufficient energy source,high integrity,sensitivity,wearing comfort,and homogeneous components are urgently desired.Instead of assembling a self-powered biosensor,comprising a variety of materials with different levels of hardness,and supplementing with a booster or energy storage device,herein,an all-fiber integrated thermoelectrically powered physiological monitoring device(FPMD),is proposed and evaluated for production at an industrial scale.For the first time,an organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)biosensor is enabled by thermoelectric fabrics(TEFs)adaptively,sustainably and steadily without any additional accessories.Moreover,both the OECT and TEFs are constructed using a cotton/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfon ate)/dimethylsulfoxide/(3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane(PDG)yarn,which is lightweight,robust(90°bending for 1000 cycles)and sweat-resistant(ΔR/R0=1.9%).A small temperature gradient(ΔT=2.2 K)between the environment and the human body can drive the high-gain OECT(71.08 mS)with high fidelity,and a good signal to noise ratio.For practical applications,the on-body FPMD produced an enduring and steady output signal and demonstrated a linear monitoring region(sensitivity of 30.4 NCR(normalized current response)/dec,10 nM~50µM)for glucose in artificial sweat with reliable performance regarding anti-interference and reproducibility.This device can be expanded to the monitoring of various bio-markers and provides a new strategy for constructing wearable,comfortable,highly integrated and self-powered biosensors.
基金supported by the Large Research Infrastructures China initiative Accelerator Driven System(No.2017-000052-75-01-000590)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2022422)+1 种基金the Young Scientists of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12005275)the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(No.HND22PTZZYY)。
文摘Theoretically,copper–niobium(Cu-Nb)composite superconducting cavities have excellent potential for high thermal and mechanical stability.They can appropriately exploit the high-gradient surface processing recipes developed for the bulk niobium(Nb)cavity and the thick copper(Cu)layer’s high thermal conductivity and rigidity,thereby enhancing the operational stability of the bulk Nb cavities.This study conducted a global review of the technical approaches employed for fabricating Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavities.We explored Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavities based on two technologies at the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMP,CAS),including their manufacturing processes,radio-frequency(RF)characteristics,and mechanical performance.These cavities exhibit robust mechanical stability.First,the investigation of several 1.3 GHz single-cell elliptical cavities using the Cu-Nb composite sheets indicated that the wavy structure at the Cu-Nb interface influenced the reliable welding of the Cu-Nb composite parts.We observed the generation and trapping of magnetic flux density during the T_c crossing of Nb in cooldown process.The cooling rates during the T_c crossing of Nb exerted a substantial impact on the performance of the cavities.Furthermore,we measured and analyzed the surface resistance R_(s)attributed to the trapped magnetic flux induced by the Seebeck effect after quenching events.Second,for the first time,a low-beta bulk Nb cavity was plated with Cu on its outer surface using electroplating technology.We achieved a high peak electric field E_(pk)of~88.8 MV/m at 2 K and the unloaded quality factor Q_(0)at the E_(pk)of 88.8 MV/m exceeded 1×10^(10).This demonstrated that the electroplating Cu on the bulk Nb cavity is a practical method of developing the Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavity with superior thermal stability.The results presented here provide valuable insights for applying Cu-Nb composite superconducting cavities in superconducting accelerators with stringent operational stability requirements.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371193,52001231,and 52272006)the Shanghai Academic Research Leader(23XD1421200)+2 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1403900)the Chenguang Program supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation&Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions(TP2022122)the Shanghai Oriental Talented Youth Project,Space Application System of China Manned Space Program(KJZ-YY-NCL-0405).
文摘Lead-free SnTe with naturally non-stoichiometric vacancies has a limited thermoelectric performance due to a deviated carrier concentration from the optimum.In this paper,we experimentally demonstrated that Gd with+3 valence state as a novel n-type dopant is an effective solution for reducing carrier concentration in SnTe.A lowest value of 7.6×10^(18) cm^(−3) has been achieved.Yet with the involvement of Gd doping,the slightly modified band structure requires a further Sndeficiency compensation to enhance the overall figure of merit zT.As a consequence,in the specific sample Sn_(0.91)Gd_(0.07)Te,we successfully achieved a low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m K)due to the high doping level and an improved zT approaching 0.8 at 850 K.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3901902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52203037,52103031,and 52073107)。
文摘Fiber fabrics have been wildly utilized for solar interracial evaporators to address freshwater scarcity.However,the complex and expensive manufacturing processes remain limited to their scalable development.Herein,a fabric-based Janus interracial evaporator is efficiently fabricated on a large scale by integrating an extremely innovative self-designed melt-centrifugal spinning technology with spray coating technology.The prepared fabric-based Janus interfacial evaporator has differential hydrophilicity,uneven surfaces,and channels that allow moisture escape.Benefiting from the excellent photothermai conversion of graphene oxide and the charge transfer actions of titanium dioxide,such a multifunction evaporator can reach a high evaporation rate of 1.72 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation,a superior antibacterial rate of 99%,excellent photocatalytic degradation,and effective thermoelectric ability simultaneously.Moreover,it also shows fantastic performance in salt resistance,recyclable evaporation,and real desalination,This work demonstrates a high-efficiency,cost-effective,multifunctional,and scalable strategy for high-performance fiber fabrics solar interfacial evaporation.
基金funding support from Guiding Project of Scientific Research Plan of Education Department of Hubei Province and Wuhan Textile University School Fund(B)(k24016).
文摘Enhancing the firefighting protective clothing with exceptional thermal barrier and temperature sensing functions to ensure high fire safety for firefighters has long been anticipated,but it remains a major challenge.Herein,inspired by the human muscle,an anisotropic fire safety aerogel(ACMCA)with precise self-actuated temperature monitoring performance is developed by combining aramid nanofibers with eicosane/MXene to form an anisotropically oriented conductive network.By combining the two synergies of the negative temperaturedependent thermal conductive eicosane,which induces a high-temperature differential,and directionally ordered MXene that establishes a conductive network along the directional freezing direction.The resultant ACMCA exhibited remarkable thermoelectric properties,with S values reaching 46.78μV K^(−1)andκvalues as low as 0.048 W m^(−1)K^(−1)at room temperature.Moreover,the prepared anisotropic aerogel ACMCA exhibited electrical responsiveness to temperature variations,facilitating its application in intelligent temperature monitoring systems.The designed anisotropic aerogel ACMCA could be incorporated into the firefighting clothing as a thermal barrier layer,demonstrating a wide temperature sensing range(50-400℃)and a rapid response time for early high-temperature alerts(~1.43 s).This work provides novel insights into the design and application of temperature-sensitive anisotropic aramid nanofibers aerogel in firefighting clothing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975107)the China Scholarship Council(No.202206790046).
文摘Wearable thermoelectric devices hold significant promise in the realm of self-powered wearable electron-ics,offering applications in energy harvesting,movement tracking,and health monitoring.Nevertheless,developing thermoelectric devices with exceptional flexibility,enduring thermoelectric stability,multi-functional sensing,and comfortable wear remains a challenge.In this work,a stretchable MXene-based thermoelectric fabric is designed to accurately discern temperature and strain stimuli.This is achieved by constructing an adhesive polydopamine(PDA)layer on the nylon fabric surface,which facilitates the subsequent MXene attachment through hydrogen bonding.This fusion results in MXene-based thermo-electric fabric that excels in both temperature sensing and strain sensing.The resultant MXene-based thermoelectric fabric exhibits outstanding temperature detection capability and cyclic stability,while also delivering excellent sensitivity,rapid responsiveness(60 ms),and remarkable durability in strain sens-ing(3200 cycles).Moreover,when affixed to a mask,this MXene-based thermoelectric fabric utilizes the temperature difference between the body and the environment to harness body heat,converting it into electrical energy and accurately discerning the body’s respiratory rate.In addition,the MXene-based ther-moelectric fabric can monitor the state of the body’s joint through its own deformation.Furthermore,it possesses the capability to convert solar energy into heat.These findings indicate that MXene-based ther-moelectric fabric holds great promise for applications in power generation,motion tracking,and health monitoring.
