Thermal ablation has become an established minimally invasive alternative to surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma,particularly in low-risk patients seeking effective treatment with reduced morbidity.While clinical ...Thermal ablation has become an established minimally invasive alternative to surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma,particularly in low-risk patients seeking effective treatment with reduced morbidity.While clinical outcomes are favorable,wide variability in complication rates and patient-reported experiences persists across centers and operators,emphasizing the need for strategies that standardize safety and enhance quality of life.Cai et al now introduce thermal field management(TFM),a thoughtful approach that reframes thermal ablation from a purely technical procedure into a precision-guided,patient-centered intervention.By deliberately confining the ablation zone to protect surrounding tissues,TFM addresses complications such as voice change and pain,issues often overlooked in the pursuit of technical success.Their findings,showing reduced complications and improved patient comfort,highlight the value of integrating patient-reported outcomes into routine ablation practice.This places TFM within the broader trajectory of interventional oncology,where precision and patientcenteredness are becoming central goals.If validated in multicenter prospective studies,TFM could extend beyond thyroid cancer and inform the evolution of safer,standardized ablative therapies across multiple organ systems.展开更多
Statistical study of analyses of water from 43 samples from geothermal wells, three groundwater wells, and one sample of local rainwater along with rainwater data from the Global Net- work of Isotopes in Precipitation...Statistical study of analyses of water from 43 samples from geothermal wells, three groundwater wells, and one sample of local rainwater along with rainwater data from the Global Net- work of Isotopes in Precipitation has been used to identify the origin and evolution of geothermal water in the Niutuozhen （~f=~jg） geothermal field and estimate the renewability rate of its geothermal re- source. The results show that the geothermal waters of the Jixianian Wumishanian dolomite reservoir and the Ordovician limestone reservoir are of CI-Na type, the geothermal water of the Pliocene Minghuazben （H~/~） Formation sandstone reservoir are CI-Na type and HCO3-Na type and the groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer is HCO3-Na and HCO3-Na.Mg.Ca type. A linear relationship between silica concentration and temperature indicates that higher temperature probably enhances concentration of silica in Jixianian geothermal water. 81SO shift in Wumishanian geothermal water av- eraged 1.57%o, and was less than 1%o in the other geothermal waters. The minimum and maxi-mum 14C ages of Wumishanian geothermal wa- ter are 17 000 and 33 000 years from north to the south of the Niutuozhen geothermal field. Geo- thermal water and Quaternary groundwater belong to different groundwater systems with no hydraulic connections. Although the geothermal field receives some recharge from the Yanshan and Taihang mountains outside the northern and western boundaries of the geothermal field re- spectively, the renewability rate of geothermal water is on the scale of 10 000 years.展开更多
High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy is an effective method in clinical treatment of tumors,in order to explore the bio-heat conduction mechanism of in multi-layer media by concave spherical transducer,tempe...High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy is an effective method in clinical treatment of tumors,in order to explore the bio-heat conduction mechanism of in multi-layer media by concave spherical transducer,temperature field induced by this kind of transducer in multi-layer media will be simulated through solving Pennes equation with finite difference method,and the influence of initial sound pressure,absorption coefficient,and thickness of different layers of biological tissue as well as thermal conductivity parameter on sound focus and temperature distribution will be analyzed,respectively.The results show that the temperature in focus area increases faster while the initial sound pressure and thermal conductivity increase.The absorption coefficient is smaller,the ultrasound intensity in the focus area is bigger,and the size of the focus area is increasing.When the thicknesses of different layers of tissue change,the focus position changes slightly,but the sound intensity of the focus area will change obviously.The temperature in focus area will rise quickly before reaching a threshold,and then the temperature will keep in the threshold range.展开更多
The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are ...The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder.展开更多
The mechanical mismatch effect frequently occurs in the dissimilar materials welded joints, thus leading to plastic gradient at the interface between the weld and heat-affected zone(HAZ). In this work, the boron steel...The mechanical mismatch effect frequently occurs in the dissimilar materials welded joints, thus leading to plastic gradient at the interface between the weld and heat-affected zone(HAZ). In this work, the boron steel and Q235 steel were selected for laser tailor welding,which obtained boron/Q235 steel tailor-welded blanks(TWBs). The method of welding with synchronous thermal field(WSTF) was utilized to eliminate the mismatch effects in TWBs. The WSTF was employed to adjust cooling rates of welded joints, thereby intervening in the solidification behaviors and phase transition of the molten pool. Boron/Q235 steel was welded by laser under conventional and WSTF(300-600 ℃) conditions, respectively. The results show that the microstructure of weld and HAZ(boron) was adequately transitioned to ferrites and pearlites instead of abundant martensite by WSTF. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of microhardness and yield strength between various regions of welded joints was greatly reduced, and the overall plasticity of welded joints was enhanced by WSTF. It is indicated that WSTF can effectively contribute to reducing plastic gradient and achieving mechanical congruity in welded joints by restraining the generation of hardbrittle phase, which could significantly improve the formability of TWBs in subsequent hot stamping.展开更多
The explicit form of the evolution operator for the three-atom Tavis-Cummings model is given. The atoms can be entangled through their interaction with a thermal field. The degree of entanglement depends on the mean p...The explicit form of the evolution operator for the three-atom Tavis-Cummings model is given. The atoms can be entangled through their interaction with a thermal field. The degree of entanglement depends on the mean photon number of the thermal field and the initial state of the atoms.展开更多
The professional modeling software package CrysVUn was employed to study the process of a large sapphire single crystal growth using Kyropoulos method.The influence of gas pressure on thermal field,solid-liquid interf...The professional modeling software package CrysVUn was employed to study the process of a large sapphire single crystal growth using Kyropoulos method.The influence of gas pressure on thermal field,solid-liquid interface shape,gas velocity field and von Mises stress were studied for the first time.It is found that the root of the seed melt when gas pressure equals to one atmosphere or more than one atmosphere,especially during the seeding period,this result is consistent with the experimental observation,and this paper presents three ways to solve this problem.The temperature gradient and stress decreases significantly as the gas pressure increases.The convexity of the solid-liquid interface slightly increases when the gas pressure increases.Numerical analysis was used to optimize the hot zone design.展开更多
Land use and land cover(LULC)alteration has changed original energy balance and heat fluxes between land and atmosphere,and thus affects the structure characteristics of temperature and humidity fields over urban hete...Land use and land cover(LULC)alteration has changed original energy balance and heat fluxes between land and atmosphere,and thus affects the structure characteristics of temperature and humidity fields over urban heterogeneous surfaces in different spatio-temporal scales.Lanzhou is the most typical river valley city of China,it is chosen as the case study.Typical river valley terrain,rapid urbanization and severe air pollution have caused unique urban climate and urban heat island(UHI)effects in Lanzhou.Firstly,the spatial structure characteristics and dynamic evolution of temperature and humidity fields in autumn are simulated by mobile measurement experiment and GIS spatial analysis method.The results show that temperature and humidity fields have significant dynamic change within a day,and have multiple center and multiple intensity level characteristics.Then,LULC and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)are extracted from remote sensing images,the distribution patterns of temperature and humidity fields have close relationships with LULC and NDVI.Moreover,there is a significant positive correlation between impervious surface area and thermal field intensity.A positive correlation between NDVI value and humidity field intensity has been found as well as a negative correlation between NDVI value and thermal field intensity.Finally,heat fluxes and energy balance characteristics between ground and atmosphere are analyzed based on the Bowen-ratio System experiments.This study could provide theoretical support and practical guidance for urban planning,urban eco-environment construction and air pollution prevention of river valley city.展开更多
Energy output and heating effects are essential for vapor-liquid fuel/air cloud detonation in the fuel-air explosive(FAE) applications or explosion accidents. The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic large-...Energy output and heating effects are essential for vapor-liquid fuel/air cloud detonation in the fuel-air explosive(FAE) applications or explosion accidents. The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic large-size flame behavior, shock wave propagation law, and instantaneous thermal field generated by unconfined vapor-liquid propylene oxide(PO)/air cloud detonation. Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and combustion theory, a numerical simulation is used to study the detonation process of a PO/air cloud produced by a double-event fuel-air explosive(DEFAE) of 2.16 kg. The large-scale flame behavior is characterized. The flame initially spreads radially and laterally in a wing shape. Subsequently,the developed flame increases with a larger aspect ratio. Moreover, the propagation laws of shock waves at different heights are discussed. The peak pressure of 1.3 m height level with a stepwise decline is obviously different from that of the ground with an amplitude of reversed ’N’ shape. In the vast majority of the first 6.9 m, the destructive effect of the shock wave near the ground is greater than that of the shock wave at 1.3 m height. Furthermore, the dynamic instantaneous isothermal field is demonstrated.The scaling relationship of various isotherms in the instantaneous thermal field with the flame and initial cloud is summarized. The comprehensive numerical model used in this study can be applied to determine the overpressure and temperature distribution in the entire fuel/air cloud detonation field,providing guidance for assessing the extent of damage caused by DEFAE detonation.展开更多
The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin,China,and has abundant oil and gas reserves.To date,there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields.This study measured the rock therma...The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin,China,and has abundant oil and gas reserves.To date,there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields.This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells,and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations.The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells.The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas,with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0℃/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m2.The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan,Yellow River,and Lanliao basement faults.They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period.The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag,namely two subsags,one uplift,one steep slope and one gentle slope.The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields.The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag.展开更多
We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two initially entangled atoms each interacting with a thermal field. We show that the two entangled atoms become completely disentangled in a finite time and that the lost i...We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two initially entangled atoms each interacting with a thermal field. We show that the two entangled atoms become completely disentangled in a finite time and that the lost information cannot return to the atomic system when the mean photon number of the thermal field exceeds a critical value （3.3584）, even though the whole system is lossless. Then we study how the detuning between the atomic transition frequency and the field frequency and the disparity between two coupling rates would affect the evolution of the entanglement of the atomic system.展开更多
This paper studies entanglement between two dipole-dipole coupled atoms interacting with a thermal field via a two-photon process. It shows that the entanglement is dependent on the mean photon number of the thermal f...This paper studies entanglement between two dipole-dipole coupled atoms interacting with a thermal field via a two-photon process. It shows that the entanglement is dependent on the mean photon number of the thermal field and the dipole-dipole interaction. The results also show that the atom-atom entanglement through the two-photon process is larger than that through the one-photon process and a remarkable amount of entanglement between the atoms still remains at certain times even for a very highly noisy thermal field.展开更多
The carbon nanotube （CNT）-based materials can be used as vacuum device cathodes. Owing to the excellent field emission properties of CNT, it has great potentials in the applications of an explosive field emission ca...The carbon nanotube （CNT）-based materials can be used as vacuum device cathodes. Owing to the excellent field emission properties of CNT, it has great potentials in the applications of an explosive field emission cathode. The falling off of CNT from the substrate, which frequently appears in experiments, restricts its application. In addition, the onset time of vacuum breakdown limits the performance of the high-power explosive-emission-cathode-based diode. In this paper, the characteristics of the CNT, electric field strength, contact resistance and the kind of substrate material are varied to study the parameter effects on the onset time of vacuum breakdown and failure mechanism of the CNT by using the finite element method.展开更多
Numerical simulation of thermal field was studied in laser processing. The 3-D finite element model of transient thermal calculation is given by thermal conductive equation. The effects of phase transformation latent ...Numerical simulation of thermal field was studied in laser processing. The 3-D finite element model of transient thermal calculation is given by thermal conductive equation. The effects of phase transformation latent are considered. Numerical example is given to verify the model. Finally the real example of transient thermal field is given.展开更多
The path-integral quantization of thermal scalar, vector, and spinor fields is performed newly in the coherent-state representation. In doing this, we choose the thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory as,examples. ...The path-integral quantization of thermal scalar, vector, and spinor fields is performed newly in the coherent-state representation. In doing this, we choose the thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory as,examples. By this quantization, correct expressions of the partition functions and the generating functionals for the quantum thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory are obtained in the coherent-state representation. These expressions allow us to perform analytical calculations of the partition functions and generating functionals and therefore are useful in practical applications. Especially, the perturbative expansions of the generating functionals are derived specifically by virtue of the stationary-phase method. The generating functionals formulated in the position space are re-derived from the ones given in the coherent-state representation.展开更多
We complete the derivation of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potentiM for quark propagator at finite temperature and finite quark chemical potential in the real-time formalism of thermal field theory and in L...We complete the derivation of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potentiM for quark propagator at finite temperature and finite quark chemical potential in the real-time formalism of thermal field theory and in Landau gauge. In the approximation that the function A（p^2） in inverse quark propagator is replaced by unity, by means of the running gauge coupling and the quark mass function invariant under the renormalization group in zero temperature Quantum Chromadynamics （QCD）, we obtain a calculable expression for the thermal effective potential, which will be a useful means to research chiral phase transition in QCD in the real-time formalism.展开更多
Considering two identical two-level atoms interacting with two mode thermal field through a nondegeratetwo-photon process,we study the entanglement dynamics between two atoms when the atomic coherence exists.It showst...Considering two identical two-level atoms interacting with two mode thermal field through a nondegeratetwo-photon process,we study the entanglement dynamics between two atoms when the atomic coherence exists.It showsthat the entanglement is dependent on the initial atomic states,and is greatly enhanced due to atomic coherence ascompared with the case when the atomic coherence is ignored.The results also show that the entanglement can becontrolled by changing the relative phases and the amplitudes of the polarized atoms.展开更多
The effects of different parameters on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of macrofiber composite(MFC)microsheet with graphene(GP)skin under non-uniform thermal field are investigated.Firstly,the physical parameter...The effects of different parameters on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of macrofiber composite(MFC)microsheet with graphene(GP)skin under non-uniform thermal field are investigated.Firstly,the physical parameters of the MFC–GP structure are calculated by the mixing rule,and the constitutive equations of the structure are set up by employing the Eringen theory.The nonlinear dynamic equations of the microsheet are obtained by using Hamilton’s principle.Then,the heat conduction equations of the microsheet are considered,adopting Green and Naghdi’s generalized thermoelasticity theory.According to the Galerkin weighted residual method,the thermoelasticity coupling equations of the structure are obtained.Meanwhile,the influence of the positive piezoelectric effect of GP and MFC on the vibration response of the structure is also investigated.The nonlinear dynamic governing equations including displacement,coupled thermoelasticity,and electricity field are discretized by the Galerkin method.The effects of non-local parameter,volume fraction of GP,and thermal and electricity coupling coefficients on structural dynamic behavior are discussed in the numerical simulation.展开更多
In this paper, we study the entanglement dynamics of atoms locally coupled to a cavity field. By studying two different models within the framework of cavity QED, we show that the so-called atomic entanglement sudden ...In this paper, we study the entanglement dynamics of atoms locally coupled to a cavity field. By studying two different models within the framework of cavity QED, we show that the so-called atomic entanglement sudden death always occurs if initially the cavity field is in the thermal state, in clear contrast with that in the vacuum state where the same entanglement decay is in infinite time.展开更多
We give an explicit proof of equivalence of the two-point function to one-loop order in the two formalisms of thermal theory based on the expressions in the real-time formalism and indicate that the key point of comp...We give an explicit proof of equivalence of the two-point function to one-loop order in the two formalisms of thermal theory based on the expressions in the real-time formalism and indicate that the key point of completing the proof is to separate carefully the imaginary part of the zero-temperature loop integral from relevant expressions and this fact will certainly be very useful for examination of the equivalent problem of two formalisms of thermal field theory in other theories, including the one of the propagators for scalar bound states in an NJL model.展开更多
文摘Thermal ablation has become an established minimally invasive alternative to surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma,particularly in low-risk patients seeking effective treatment with reduced morbidity.While clinical outcomes are favorable,wide variability in complication rates and patient-reported experiences persists across centers and operators,emphasizing the need for strategies that standardize safety and enhance quality of life.Cai et al now introduce thermal field management(TFM),a thoughtful approach that reframes thermal ablation from a purely technical procedure into a precision-guided,patient-centered intervention.By deliberately confining the ablation zone to protect surrounding tissues,TFM addresses complications such as voice change and pain,issues often overlooked in the pursuit of technical success.Their findings,showing reduced complications and improved patient comfort,highlight the value of integrating patient-reported outcomes into routine ablation practice.This places TFM within the broader trajectory of interventional oncology,where precision and patientcenteredness are becoming central goals.If validated in multicenter prospective studies,TFM could extend beyond thyroid cancer and inform the evolution of safer,standardized ablative therapies across multiple organ systems.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB428806)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.D07050601510000)
文摘Statistical study of analyses of water from 43 samples from geothermal wells, three groundwater wells, and one sample of local rainwater along with rainwater data from the Global Net- work of Isotopes in Precipitation has been used to identify the origin and evolution of geothermal water in the Niutuozhen （~f=~jg） geothermal field and estimate the renewability rate of its geothermal re- source. The results show that the geothermal waters of the Jixianian Wumishanian dolomite reservoir and the Ordovician limestone reservoir are of CI-Na type, the geothermal water of the Pliocene Minghuazben （H~/~） Formation sandstone reservoir are CI-Na type and HCO3-Na type and the groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer is HCO3-Na and HCO3-Na.Mg.Ca type. A linear relationship between silica concentration and temperature indicates that higher temperature probably enhances concentration of silica in Jixianian geothermal water. 81SO shift in Wumishanian geothermal water av- eraged 1.57%o, and was less than 1%o in the other geothermal waters. The minimum and maxi-mum 14C ages of Wumishanian geothermal wa- ter are 17 000 and 33 000 years from north to the south of the Niutuozhen geothermal field. Geo- thermal water and Quaternary groundwater belong to different groundwater systems with no hydraulic connections. Although the geothermal field receives some recharge from the Yanshan and Taihang mountains outside the northern and western boundaries of the geothermal field re- spectively, the renewability rate of geothermal water is on the scale of 10 000 years.
基金Project(11174077)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ3079)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(12C0237,11C0844)supported by the Science Research Program of Education Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy is an effective method in clinical treatment of tumors,in order to explore the bio-heat conduction mechanism of in multi-layer media by concave spherical transducer,temperature field induced by this kind of transducer in multi-layer media will be simulated through solving Pennes equation with finite difference method,and the influence of initial sound pressure,absorption coefficient,and thickness of different layers of biological tissue as well as thermal conductivity parameter on sound focus and temperature distribution will be analyzed,respectively.The results show that the temperature in focus area increases faster while the initial sound pressure and thermal conductivity increase.The absorption coefficient is smaller,the ultrasound intensity in the focus area is bigger,and the size of the focus area is increasing.When the thicknesses of different layers of tissue change,the focus position changes slightly,but the sound intensity of the focus area will change obviously.The temperature in focus area will rise quickly before reaching a threshold,and then the temperature will keep in the threshold range.
基金Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province,China(No. BE2003-46).
文摘The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01299)school-enterprise cooperation project supported by Shandong Hongao Automotive Lightweight Technology Co.,Ltd.
文摘The mechanical mismatch effect frequently occurs in the dissimilar materials welded joints, thus leading to plastic gradient at the interface between the weld and heat-affected zone(HAZ). In this work, the boron steel and Q235 steel were selected for laser tailor welding,which obtained boron/Q235 steel tailor-welded blanks(TWBs). The method of welding with synchronous thermal field(WSTF) was utilized to eliminate the mismatch effects in TWBs. The WSTF was employed to adjust cooling rates of welded joints, thereby intervening in the solidification behaviors and phase transition of the molten pool. Boron/Q235 steel was welded by laser under conventional and WSTF(300-600 ℃) conditions, respectively. The results show that the microstructure of weld and HAZ(boron) was adequately transitioned to ferrites and pearlites instead of abundant martensite by WSTF. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of microhardness and yield strength between various regions of welded joints was greatly reduced, and the overall plasticity of welded joints was enhanced by WSTF. It is indicated that WSTF can effectively contribute to reducing plastic gradient and achieving mechanical congruity in welded joints by restraining the generation of hardbrittle phase, which could significantly improve the formability of TWBs in subsequent hot stamping.
文摘The explicit form of the evolution operator for the three-atom Tavis-Cummings model is given. The atoms can be entangled through their interaction with a thermal field. The degree of entanglement depends on the mean photon number of the thermal field and the initial state of the atoms.
文摘The professional modeling software package CrysVUn was employed to study the process of a large sapphire single crystal growth using Kyropoulos method.The influence of gas pressure on thermal field,solid-liquid interface shape,gas velocity field and von Mises stress were studied for the first time.It is found that the root of the seed melt when gas pressure equals to one atmosphere or more than one atmosphere,especially during the seeding period,this result is consistent with the experimental observation,and this paper presents three ways to solve this problem.The temperature gradient and stress decreases significantly as the gas pressure increases.The convexity of the solid-liquid interface slightly increases when the gas pressure increases.Numerical analysis was used to optimize the hot zone design.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U1404401,No.41771202Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,No.182300410129Open Fund of Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security,No.20170201。
文摘Land use and land cover(LULC)alteration has changed original energy balance and heat fluxes between land and atmosphere,and thus affects the structure characteristics of temperature and humidity fields over urban heterogeneous surfaces in different spatio-temporal scales.Lanzhou is the most typical river valley city of China,it is chosen as the case study.Typical river valley terrain,rapid urbanization and severe air pollution have caused unique urban climate and urban heat island(UHI)effects in Lanzhou.Firstly,the spatial structure characteristics and dynamic evolution of temperature and humidity fields in autumn are simulated by mobile measurement experiment and GIS spatial analysis method.The results show that temperature and humidity fields have significant dynamic change within a day,and have multiple center and multiple intensity level characteristics.Then,LULC and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)are extracted from remote sensing images,the distribution patterns of temperature and humidity fields have close relationships with LULC and NDVI.Moreover,there is a significant positive correlation between impervious surface area and thermal field intensity.A positive correlation between NDVI value and humidity field intensity has been found as well as a negative correlation between NDVI value and thermal field intensity.Finally,heat fluxes and energy balance characteristics between ground and atmosphere are analyzed based on the Bowen-ratio System experiments.This study could provide theoretical support and practical guidance for urban planning,urban eco-environment construction and air pollution prevention of river valley city.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No. 11972089)。
文摘Energy output and heating effects are essential for vapor-liquid fuel/air cloud detonation in the fuel-air explosive(FAE) applications or explosion accidents. The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic large-size flame behavior, shock wave propagation law, and instantaneous thermal field generated by unconfined vapor-liquid propylene oxide(PO)/air cloud detonation. Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and combustion theory, a numerical simulation is used to study the detonation process of a PO/air cloud produced by a double-event fuel-air explosive(DEFAE) of 2.16 kg. The large-scale flame behavior is characterized. The flame initially spreads radially and laterally in a wing shape. Subsequently,the developed flame increases with a larger aspect ratio. Moreover, the propagation laws of shock waves at different heights are discussed. The peak pressure of 1.3 m height level with a stepwise decline is obviously different from that of the ground with an amplitude of reversed ’N’ shape. In the vast majority of the first 6.9 m, the destructive effect of the shock wave near the ground is greater than that of the shock wave at 1.3 m height. Furthermore, the dynamic instantaneous isothermal field is demonstrated.The scaling relationship of various isotherms in the instantaneous thermal field with the flame and initial cloud is summarized. The comprehensive numerical model used in this study can be applied to determine the overpressure and temperature distribution in the entire fuel/air cloud detonation field,providing guidance for assessing the extent of damage caused by DEFAE detonation.
基金granted by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41125010, 91114202, 90914006)the key state science and technology projects (Grant No: 2011ZX05006-004)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No: 2011CB201100)
文摘The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin,China,and has abundant oil and gas reserves.To date,there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields.This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells,and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations.The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells.The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas,with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0℃/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m2.The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan,Yellow River,and Lanliao basement faults.They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period.The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag,namely two subsags,one uplift,one steep slope and one gentle slope.The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields.The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10974028)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (Grant No.2009J06002)the Funds from the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Photocatalysis
文摘We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two initially entangled atoms each interacting with a thermal field. We show that the two entangled atoms become completely disentangled in a finite time and that the lost information cannot return to the atomic system when the mean photon number of the thermal field exceeds a critical value （3.3584）, even though the whole system is lossless. Then we study how the detuning between the atomic transition frequency and the field frequency and the disparity between two coupling rates would affect the evolution of the entanglement of the atomic system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10374025)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos 06JJ4003 and 06JJ2014)the Young Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grand No 04B070)
文摘This paper studies entanglement between two dipole-dipole coupled atoms interacting with a thermal field via a two-photon process. It shows that the entanglement is dependent on the mean photon number of the thermal field and the dipole-dipole interaction. The results also show that the atom-atom entanglement through the two-photon process is larger than that through the one-photon process and a remarkable amount of entanglement between the atoms still remains at certain times even for a very highly noisy thermal field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11305263 and 61401484)
文摘The carbon nanotube （CNT）-based materials can be used as vacuum device cathodes. Owing to the excellent field emission properties of CNT, it has great potentials in the applications of an explosive field emission cathode. The falling off of CNT from the substrate, which frequently appears in experiments, restricts its application. In addition, the onset time of vacuum breakdown limits the performance of the high-power explosive-emission-cathode-based diode. In this paper, the characteristics of the CNT, electric field strength, contact resistance and the kind of substrate material are varied to study the parameter effects on the onset time of vacuum breakdown and failure mechanism of the CNT by using the finite element method.
文摘Numerical simulation of thermal field was studied in laser processing. The 3-D finite element model of transient thermal calculation is given by thermal conductive equation. The effects of phase transformation latent are considered. Numerical example is given to verify the model. Finally the real example of transient thermal field is given.
文摘The path-integral quantization of thermal scalar, vector, and spinor fields is performed newly in the coherent-state representation. In doing this, we choose the thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory as,examples. By this quantization, correct expressions of the partition functions and the generating functionals for the quantum thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory are obtained in the coherent-state representation. These expressions allow us to perform analytical calculations of the partition functions and generating functionals and therefore are useful in practical applications. Especially, the perturbative expansions of the generating functionals are derived specifically by virtue of the stationary-phase method. The generating functionals formulated in the position space are re-derived from the ones given in the coherent-state representation.
文摘We complete the derivation of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potentiM for quark propagator at finite temperature and finite quark chemical potential in the real-time formalism of thermal field theory and in Landau gauge. In the approximation that the function A（p^2） in inverse quark propagator is replaced by unity, by means of the running gauge coupling and the quark mass function invariant under the renormalization group in zero temperature Quantum Chromadynamics （QCD）, we obtain a calculable expression for the thermal effective potential, which will be a useful means to research chiral phase transition in QCD in the real-time formalism.
基金Supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10905028the Program for Science and Technology Department of Henan Province of China under Grant No.102300410050+1 种基金the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control (Hunan Normal University),Ministry of Education under Grant No.QSQC1003by the Cultivation Fund of Luoyang Normal College under Grant No.10000854
文摘Considering two identical two-level atoms interacting with two mode thermal field through a nondegeratetwo-photon process,we study the entanglement dynamics between two atoms when the atomic coherence exists.It showsthat the entanglement is dependent on the initial atomic states,and is greatly enhanced due to atomic coherence ascompared with the case when the atomic coherence is ignored.The results also show that the entanglement can becontrolled by changing the relative phases and the amplitudes of the polarized atoms.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)through Grant Nos.11772010 and 11832002the Funding Project for High-Level Teachers’Team Construction in Beijing Municipal Colleges and Universities.
文摘The effects of different parameters on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of macrofiber composite(MFC)microsheet with graphene(GP)skin under non-uniform thermal field are investigated.Firstly,the physical parameters of the MFC–GP structure are calculated by the mixing rule,and the constitutive equations of the structure are set up by employing the Eringen theory.The nonlinear dynamic equations of the microsheet are obtained by using Hamilton’s principle.Then,the heat conduction equations of the microsheet are considered,adopting Green and Naghdi’s generalized thermoelasticity theory.According to the Galerkin weighted residual method,the thermoelasticity coupling equations of the structure are obtained.Meanwhile,the influence of the positive piezoelectric effect of GP and MFC on the vibration response of the structure is also investigated.The nonlinear dynamic governing equations including displacement,coupled thermoelasticity,and electricity field are discretized by the Galerkin method.The effects of non-local parameter,volume fraction of GP,and thermal and electricity coupling coefficients on structural dynamic behavior are discussed in the numerical simulation.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10774088)
文摘In this paper, we study the entanglement dynamics of atoms locally coupled to a cavity field. By studying two different models within the framework of cavity QED, we show that the so-called atomic entanglement sudden death always occurs if initially the cavity field is in the thermal state, in clear contrast with that in the vacuum state where the same entanglement decay is in infinite time.
文摘We give an explicit proof of equivalence of the two-point function to one-loop order in the two formalisms of thermal theory based on the expressions in the real-time formalism and indicate that the key point of completing the proof is to separate carefully the imaginary part of the zero-temperature loop integral from relevant expressions and this fact will certainly be very useful for examination of the equivalent problem of two formalisms of thermal field theory in other theories, including the one of the propagators for scalar bound states in an NJL model.
