The development of innovative products such as ice cider is an important means of adding value to the industry.This research aimed to examine the aroma profiles of late and ice-harvested Changfu No.2(CF2)apples,along ...The development of innovative products such as ice cider is an important means of adding value to the industry.This research aimed to examine the aroma profiles of late and ice-harvested Changfu No.2(CF2)apples,along with their essential phytochemicals.Samples were collected at 15-day intervals,starting from the commercial harvest and continuing through to the ice harvest.Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry/detection frequency analysis,21 aroma components were identified as the key odorants of CF2.the ice-harvested apples were used to make ice cider,and then it was compared with the apple juice produced during the same period.Quantitative analysis using headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subsequent odor activity value analysis revealed increasing trends in most aroma compounds leading up to the ice harvest.Moreover,there are more aroma compounds in ice cider than in apple juice,suggesting that late and ice harvests are beneficial for enhancing the aggregation of apple aroma.These findings establish a scientific foundation for assessing the potential for producing ice cider from late and ice-harvested apples from the Loess Plateau area of China.展开更多
The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids （NAPL）, such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of N...The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids （NAPL）, such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of NAPL in soil is crucial in mitigating or remediating soil contamination. The infiltration characteristics of crude and diesel oils into undisturbed loessal soil cores, collected in polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical columns, were investigated under a constant fluid head （3 era） of either crude oil or diesel oil. The infiltration rate of both crude and diesel oils decreased exponentially as wetting depth increased with time. Soil core size and bulk density both had significant effects on NAPL infiltration through the undisturbed soil cores; a smaller core size or a greater bulk density could reduce oil penetration to depth. Compacting soil in areas susceptible to oil spills may be an effective stratage to reduce contamination. The infiltration of NAPL into soil cores was spatially anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus recording the data at four points on the soil core is a good stratage to improve the accuracy of experimental results. Our results revealed that crude and diesel oils, rather than their components, have a practical value for remediation of contaminated loessal soils.展开更多
Serious soil erosion is one of the major issues threatening sustainable land use in semiarid areas, especially in the Loess Plateau of China. Understanding the effects of land use on soil and water loss is important f...Serious soil erosion is one of the major issues threatening sustainable land use in semiarid areas, especially in the Loess Plateau of China. Understanding the effects of land use on soil and water loss is important for sustainable land use strategy. Two sub-catchments： catchment A （CA） and catchment B （CB） with distinct land uses were selected to measure soil moisture, runoff and soil nutrient loss in Da Nangou catchment of the Loess Plateau of China. The effects of land use patterns on runoff and nutrient losses were analyzed based on soil moisture pattern by kriging and soil nutrients using multiple regression model. The results indicated that there were significant differences in runoff yield and soil nutrient losses between the two sub-catchments. With similar land uses, the CA produced an average sediment yield of 49 kg ha^-1 and 22.27 kg ha^-1 during two storm events. Meanwhile, there was almost no runoff in the CB with dissimilar land uses during the same events. Buffer zones should be established to re-absorb runoff and to trap sediments in catchment with similar land use structure such as the CA. Moreover, land use management strategy aiming to increase the infiltration threshold of hydrological response units could decrease the frequency of runoff occurrence on a slope and catchment scale.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural science Foundation of China(32202075)shaanxi Key research and Development Project(2023-ZDLNY-43,2024NC-YBXM-143)+1 种基金National apple Modern industry technology system Project(CARS-27)the National Key research and Development Project(2023YFD2301004).
文摘The development of innovative products such as ice cider is an important means of adding value to the industry.This research aimed to examine the aroma profiles of late and ice-harvested Changfu No.2(CF2)apples,along with their essential phytochemicals.Samples were collected at 15-day intervals,starting from the commercial harvest and continuing through to the ice harvest.Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry/detection frequency analysis,21 aroma components were identified as the key odorants of CF2.the ice-harvested apples were used to make ice cider,and then it was compared with the apple juice produced during the same period.Quantitative analysis using headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subsequent odor activity value analysis revealed increasing trends in most aroma compounds leading up to the ice harvest.Moreover,there are more aroma compounds in ice cider than in apple juice,suggesting that late and ice harvests are beneficial for enhancing the aggregation of apple aroma.These findings establish a scientific foundation for assessing the potential for producing ice cider from late and ice-harvested apples from the Loess Plateau area of China.
基金supported by the Innovation Team Pro-gram of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Program for Innovative Research Team in University (No IRT0749)
文摘The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids （NAPL）, such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of NAPL in soil is crucial in mitigating or remediating soil contamination. The infiltration characteristics of crude and diesel oils into undisturbed loessal soil cores, collected in polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical columns, were investigated under a constant fluid head （3 era） of either crude oil or diesel oil. The infiltration rate of both crude and diesel oils decreased exponentially as wetting depth increased with time. Soil core size and bulk density both had significant effects on NAPL infiltration through the undisturbed soil cores; a smaller core size or a greater bulk density could reduce oil penetration to depth. Compacting soil in areas susceptible to oil spills may be an effective stratage to reduce contamination. The infiltration of NAPL into soil cores was spatially anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus recording the data at four points on the soil core is a good stratage to improve the accuracy of experimental results. Our results revealed that crude and diesel oils, rather than their components, have a practical value for remediation of contaminated loessal soils.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40401001 No.40201003 Programme of Excellent YoungScientistsoftheM inistry ofLand and Resources
文摘Serious soil erosion is one of the major issues threatening sustainable land use in semiarid areas, especially in the Loess Plateau of China. Understanding the effects of land use on soil and water loss is important for sustainable land use strategy. Two sub-catchments： catchment A （CA） and catchment B （CB） with distinct land uses were selected to measure soil moisture, runoff and soil nutrient loss in Da Nangou catchment of the Loess Plateau of China. The effects of land use patterns on runoff and nutrient losses were analyzed based on soil moisture pattern by kriging and soil nutrients using multiple regression model. The results indicated that there were significant differences in runoff yield and soil nutrient losses between the two sub-catchments. With similar land uses, the CA produced an average sediment yield of 49 kg ha^-1 and 22.27 kg ha^-1 during two storm events. Meanwhile, there was almost no runoff in the CB with dissimilar land uses during the same events. Buffer zones should be established to re-absorb runoff and to trap sediments in catchment with similar land use structure such as the CA. Moreover, land use management strategy aiming to increase the infiltration threshold of hydrological response units could decrease the frequency of runoff occurrence on a slope and catchment scale.
