Product quality and operation cost control obtain increasing emphases in modern chemical system engineering. To improve the fault detection power of the partial least square (PLS) method for quality control, a new QRP...Product quality and operation cost control obtain increasing emphases in modern chemical system engineering. To improve the fault detection power of the partial least square (PLS) method for quality control, a new QRPV statistic is proposed in terms of the VP (variable importance in projection) indices of monitored process variables, which is significantly advanced over and different from the conventional Q statistic. QRPV is calculated only by the residuals of the remarkable process variables (RPVs). Therefore, it is the dominant relation between quality and RPV not all process variables (as in the case of the conventional PLS) that is monitored by this new VP-PLS (VPLS) method. The combination of QRPV and T2 statistics is applied to the quality and cost control of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, and weak faults can be detected as quickly as possible. Consequently, the product quality of TE process is guaranteed and operation costs are reduced.展开更多
The Tennessee River had a long and colorful history of transporting Native Americans, settlers, armies, and cargo of all types in 1700s and 1800s. The headwaters of the Tennessee River, the largest tributary of the Oh...The Tennessee River had a long and colorful history of transporting Native Americans, settlers, armies, and cargo of all types in 1700s and 1800s. The headwaters of the Tennessee River, the largest tributary of the Ohio River, originates in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States. Created by the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers at Knoxville, the Tennessee River flows approximately 1049 km to Paducah, Kentucky where it drains into the Ohio River. This paper highlights how the landscape and geological resources of the Tennessee River and tributaries watershed contributed to the successful economic development of this historical region of North America. The Tennessee River is one of the most biologically diverse freshwater systems in the United States. Environmental challenges included an unsuccessful attempt to keep invasive species, such as the Asian carp, out of the Tennessee River and the Kentucky Lake. The 1049 river kilometer Tennessee River regional trail system with charter River Towns was designed to promote recreational tourism, increase the use of the Tennessee River and to create generations of people who care about the river and are willing to provide environmental stewardship of the watershed resources and protect the river.展开更多
We present a detailed catalog of 13671 earthquakes in the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone(ETSZ)that spans January 1,2005 to July 31,2020.We apply a matched filter detection technique on over 15 years of continuous data...We present a detailed catalog of 13671 earthquakes in the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone(ETSZ)that spans January 1,2005 to July 31,2020.We apply a matched filter detection technique on over 15 years of continuous data,resulting in arguably the most complete catalog of seismicity in the ETSZ yet.The magnitudes of newly detected events are determined by computing the amplitude ratio between the detections and templates using a principal component fit.We also compute the b-value for the new catalog and comparatively relocate a subset of newly detected events using XCORLOC and hypoDD,which shows a more defined structure at depth.We find the greatest concentration along and to the east of the New York-Alabama Lineament,as defined by the magnetic anomaly,supporting the argument that this feature likely is related to the generation of seismicity in the ETSZ.We examine seismicity in the vicinity of the Watts Bar Reservoir,which is located about 5 km from the epicenter of the M_(W) 4.4 December 12,2018 Decatur,Tennessee earthquake,and find possible evidence for reservoir modulated seismicity in this region.We also examine seismicity in the entire ETSZ to search for a correlation between shallow earthquakes and seasonal hydrologic changes.Our results show limited evidence for hydrologicallydriven shallow seismicity due to seasonal groundwater levels in the ETSZ,which contradicts previous studies hypothesizing that most intraplate earthquakes are associated with the dynamics of hydrologic cycles.展开更多
Optical cathodoluminescence microscopy (CLM) can provide very useful information both on mineral zoning formed during crystal growth and on variations in chemical composition of sphalerites which is reflected by their...Optical cathodoluminescence microscopy (CLM) can provide very useful information both on mineral zoning formed during crystal growth and on variations in chemical composition of sphalerites which is reflected by their visible colors. Gem quality sphalerite crystals associated with dolomite, calcite and fluorite having 3 different visible colors - green, honey and brown - were studied to compare their mineral chemistry and CL characteristics. Electron microprobe analyses indicated essentially no significant differences in terms of major components. Although the common CL-quencher ferrous iron contents of all three were lower than 0.25 wt %, none of the sphalerites cathodoluminescenced: two (brown and honey) were non-CL, the green sphalerite showed very week CL in faint brown color. Other trace elements that were analyzed include Fe, Cd, Mn, Ag, Hg, In, Bi, Cu, Ge, and Ga. Fe, Cd, Ga and Cu were relatively higher than the others. Most significant differences with respect to the common trace elements include honey colored sphalerites are essentially Fe- and Cd-poor but rich in Ga, green sphalerites are Fe- and Cd- rich but poor in all the others, and brown sphalerites are rich in Cd. No conclusive relation between non-CL behavior of all three sphalerites and their trace element chemistry was established, however; low quantities of common CL activators in sphalerite crystal structures such as Mn, Cu, and In were the main cause of the non-CL behavior.展开更多
Background: The role of vitamin D in population subgroups throughout the world continues to be a topic of interest among researchers. Current evidence demonstrates that treating vitamin D deficiency plays a significan...Background: The role of vitamin D in population subgroups throughout the world continues to be a topic of interest among researchers. Current evidence demonstrates that treating vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in improving mortality in hospitalized patients, reducing hospital length of stay, and boosting innate immune system. Vitamin D levels vary with age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and geographical area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate vitamin D levels in a cohort of patients in Northeast Tennessee. Study: This institutional review board-approved, retrospective study evaluated vitamin D levels of patients obtained from Mcleod Cancer and Blood Center. Vitamin D levels were collected over a 2-year period and classified as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20 - 30 ng/mL), or replete (>30 ng/mL). Data were then stratified based on patient characteristics (age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, seasons, and place of residence) and compounds of vitamin D (D2 and D3). Results: There were 2011 individuals included, with only 44.3% having replete levels and 21.4% with levels less than 20 ng/mL. Females with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have levels below 20 ng/ml compared to males (18.6% vs. 23%, respectively, p = 0.003). Regarding BMI, the highest levels were reported in normal weight and overweight. With regards to age, advanced age (≥70) was associated with the highest levels and most replete patients. Winter months were associated with the lowest levels of vitamin D. Higher vitamin D levels were found in individuals over 70 years, normal weight and overweight category. Conclusion: Testing vitamin D levels in high-risk groups becomes of utmost importance in areas with longer winter months, obese and underweight patients. Vitamin D levels should be routinely tested and treated in vulnerable populations.展开更多
We have analyzed the contamination of the three major watersheds in Middle Tennessee (Middle Cumberland River Watershed, Stones River Watershed, and Harpeth River Watershed) by trihalomethanes, such as chloroform, bro...We have analyzed the contamination of the three major watersheds in Middle Tennessee (Middle Cumberland River Watershed, Stones River Watershed, and Harpeth River Watershed) by trihalomethanes, such as chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. These chemicals play an important role in the develop-ment of cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes, and were found to be present above the threshold established by the Environmental Protection Agency. Certain portions of each watershed were found to be contaminated by the trihalomethanes, and deemed un-healthy. The household incomes in the major areas in the three watershed regions were also examined to determine a possible relationship with the level of water contamination. We concluded that income did not necessarily relate to water quality. Specific areas within each watershed that had lower average household incomes were found to have a higher concentration of the trihalomethanes in their drinking water, while other high-income areas were also affected by unhealthy water. However, these effects were random, and the level of contamination remained below the guidelines regulated by the State of Tennessee.展开更多
The 1991 Booker Prize--winning novelist Ben Okri, while traveling in the Deep South after Barack Obama＇s victory in the November 2008 presidential election, wrote that Elvis Presley was a lingering deity in the city ...The 1991 Booker Prize--winning novelist Ben Okri, while traveling in the Deep South after Barack Obama＇s victory in the November 2008 presidential election, wrote that Elvis Presley was a lingering deity in the city of Memphis. The images of Elvis Presley, who earned the sobriquet ＂King of Rock＂ early in his career, and that of B. B. King, the exemplar extraordinaire of the Blues, are ubiquitous in the city of Memphis, which may be regarded as a metonym for the Blues and Rock ＇n Roll. The byline for the city of Memphis is, ＂Home of the Blues, Birthplace of Rock ＇n Roll＂, and this fact announces itself to the visitor as soon as he/she enters the arrivals concourse of the Memphis International Airport. As one proceeds towards the baggage claims area, the images which saturate the walkway create an aura that is redolent of the city＇s vibrant Rock ＇n Roll era. Drawing on Foucault＇s notion of heterotopias, as well as Jakobson＇s work on metonymy, this paper explores the hybrid musical spatiality of the city of Memphis and its environs, as well as its iconic status in the evolution of Rock ＇n Roll which was engendered by the Blues.展开更多
Tennessee Williams is a great American playwright. The heroines in the three plays experienced the changes of times.There are also some common threads that weave their way through these women's lives. They are dif...Tennessee Williams is a great American playwright. The heroines in the three plays experienced the changes of times.There are also some common threads that weave their way through these women's lives. They are different from the passive women characters in Williams' s early plays. The growth of women is an important part in the development of society. Through the research on the three plays, the causes, the procedure and the significance of their final awakening can be found.展开更多
Wingfiled’s family is trapped in the cage in Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie.They want to free their bundles and each of them has taken a different way.This paper considers the theme of escapism by analyzin...Wingfiled’s family is trapped in the cage in Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie.They want to free their bundles and each of them has taken a different way.This paper considers the theme of escapism by analyzing characters’spiritual world and their existential predicaments.The significance of their own way is explored since they add layers of meaning to the central argument:escapism.Tennessee Williams;展开更多
The Holston Formation aka Tennessee“marble”,though not steeped in antiquity as many European stones,has been quarried continuously in Tennessee for lime and dimension stone since colonial times in North America.The ...The Holston Formation aka Tennessee“marble”,though not steeped in antiquity as many European stones,has been quarried continuously in Tennessee for lime and dimension stone since colonial times in North America.The white to red,massive,coarse-grained limestone occurs as a conspicuous stratigraphic unit within the Middle Ordovician Chickamauga Group in the Valley and Ridge province of East Tennessee.展开更多
With the nickname'Music City',Nashville has been at the center of American country music for decades.And for three of those,Kurt Wagner has been writing a unique chapter in his hometown's musical history a...With the nickname'Music City',Nashville has been at the center of American country music for decades.And for three of those,Kurt Wagner has been writing a unique chapter in his hometown's musical history as the frontman of Lambchop,the self-proclaimed"most fucked-up country band"in the city.展开更多
针对化工连续生产过程的时序性及非线性等特征,提出一种新的基于数据驱动的化工过程故障诊断方法:ISOMAP-LDA。首先实行流形学习算法ISOMAP,在保持量测数据几何结构特性下完成非线性降维,然后基于提取的嵌入变量张成的低维空间,选用线...针对化工连续生产过程的时序性及非线性等特征,提出一种新的基于数据驱动的化工过程故障诊断方法:ISOMAP-LDA。首先实行流形学习算法ISOMAP,在保持量测数据几何结构特性下完成非线性降维,然后基于提取的嵌入变量张成的低维空间,选用线性判别分析(LDA)构造故障模式类的判别函数,负责各采样个体故障类型的判定。将该方法用于仿真化工Tennessee East man过程的故障诊断,结果表明,ISOMAP-LDA方法不仅拥有较高的故障诊断能力,而且取得采样在低维空间的可视化表示。展开更多
A visual method of fault diagnosis for a complicated process was developed based on self-organizing map (SOM).Due to the high dimensionality of the complicated process, principal component analysis (PCA) was introduce...A visual method of fault diagnosis for a complicated process was developed based on self-organizing map (SOM).Due to the high dimensionality of the complicated process, principal component analysis (PCA) was introduced to reduce the dimension of the process data.Then the self-organizing map was utilized to project the preprocessed data onto a 2D visualization space in which different process conditions were represented by different regions.Online monitoring could be achieved by the dynamic trajectory in the visualization space.The cause of certain fault could be deduced from the U-matrix of the derived SOM network and the loadings vector of the principal components.The application to the Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) demonstrated that fault detection and diagnosis could be carried out in a more intuitional and practical manner by using the proposed method.展开更多
文摘Product quality and operation cost control obtain increasing emphases in modern chemical system engineering. To improve the fault detection power of the partial least square (PLS) method for quality control, a new QRPV statistic is proposed in terms of the VP (variable importance in projection) indices of monitored process variables, which is significantly advanced over and different from the conventional Q statistic. QRPV is calculated only by the residuals of the remarkable process variables (RPVs). Therefore, it is the dominant relation between quality and RPV not all process variables (as in the case of the conventional PLS) that is monitored by this new VP-PLS (VPLS) method. The combination of QRPV and T2 statistics is applied to the quality and cost control of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, and weak faults can be detected as quickly as possible. Consequently, the product quality of TE process is guaranteed and operation costs are reduced.
文摘The Tennessee River had a long and colorful history of transporting Native Americans, settlers, armies, and cargo of all types in 1700s and 1800s. The headwaters of the Tennessee River, the largest tributary of the Ohio River, originates in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States. Created by the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers at Knoxville, the Tennessee River flows approximately 1049 km to Paducah, Kentucky where it drains into the Ohio River. This paper highlights how the landscape and geological resources of the Tennessee River and tributaries watershed contributed to the successful economic development of this historical region of North America. The Tennessee River is one of the most biologically diverse freshwater systems in the United States. Environmental challenges included an unsuccessful attempt to keep invasive species, such as the Asian carp, out of the Tennessee River and the Kentucky Lake. The 1049 river kilometer Tennessee River regional trail system with charter River Towns was designed to promote recreational tourism, increase the use of the Tennessee River and to create generations of people who care about the river and are willing to provide environmental stewardship of the watershed resources and protect the river.
基金supported by USGS NHERP grant G20AP00039Matched Filter detection was run on the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant number ACI-1548562it used the Bridges system, which is supported by NSF award number ACI-1445606, at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC).
文摘We present a detailed catalog of 13671 earthquakes in the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone(ETSZ)that spans January 1,2005 to July 31,2020.We apply a matched filter detection technique on over 15 years of continuous data,resulting in arguably the most complete catalog of seismicity in the ETSZ yet.The magnitudes of newly detected events are determined by computing the amplitude ratio between the detections and templates using a principal component fit.We also compute the b-value for the new catalog and comparatively relocate a subset of newly detected events using XCORLOC and hypoDD,which shows a more defined structure at depth.We find the greatest concentration along and to the east of the New York-Alabama Lineament,as defined by the magnetic anomaly,supporting the argument that this feature likely is related to the generation of seismicity in the ETSZ.We examine seismicity in the vicinity of the Watts Bar Reservoir,which is located about 5 km from the epicenter of the M_(W) 4.4 December 12,2018 Decatur,Tennessee earthquake,and find possible evidence for reservoir modulated seismicity in this region.We also examine seismicity in the entire ETSZ to search for a correlation between shallow earthquakes and seasonal hydrologic changes.Our results show limited evidence for hydrologicallydriven shallow seismicity due to seasonal groundwater levels in the ETSZ,which contradicts previous studies hypothesizing that most intraplate earthquakes are associated with the dynamics of hydrologic cycles.
文摘Optical cathodoluminescence microscopy (CLM) can provide very useful information both on mineral zoning formed during crystal growth and on variations in chemical composition of sphalerites which is reflected by their visible colors. Gem quality sphalerite crystals associated with dolomite, calcite and fluorite having 3 different visible colors - green, honey and brown - were studied to compare their mineral chemistry and CL characteristics. Electron microprobe analyses indicated essentially no significant differences in terms of major components. Although the common CL-quencher ferrous iron contents of all three were lower than 0.25 wt %, none of the sphalerites cathodoluminescenced: two (brown and honey) were non-CL, the green sphalerite showed very week CL in faint brown color. Other trace elements that were analyzed include Fe, Cd, Mn, Ag, Hg, In, Bi, Cu, Ge, and Ga. Fe, Cd, Ga and Cu were relatively higher than the others. Most significant differences with respect to the common trace elements include honey colored sphalerites are essentially Fe- and Cd-poor but rich in Ga, green sphalerites are Fe- and Cd- rich but poor in all the others, and brown sphalerites are rich in Cd. No conclusive relation between non-CL behavior of all three sphalerites and their trace element chemistry was established, however; low quantities of common CL activators in sphalerite crystal structures such as Mn, Cu, and In were the main cause of the non-CL behavior.
文摘Background: The role of vitamin D in population subgroups throughout the world continues to be a topic of interest among researchers. Current evidence demonstrates that treating vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in improving mortality in hospitalized patients, reducing hospital length of stay, and boosting innate immune system. Vitamin D levels vary with age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and geographical area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate vitamin D levels in a cohort of patients in Northeast Tennessee. Study: This institutional review board-approved, retrospective study evaluated vitamin D levels of patients obtained from Mcleod Cancer and Blood Center. Vitamin D levels were collected over a 2-year period and classified as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20 - 30 ng/mL), or replete (>30 ng/mL). Data were then stratified based on patient characteristics (age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, seasons, and place of residence) and compounds of vitamin D (D2 and D3). Results: There were 2011 individuals included, with only 44.3% having replete levels and 21.4% with levels less than 20 ng/mL. Females with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have levels below 20 ng/ml compared to males (18.6% vs. 23%, respectively, p = 0.003). Regarding BMI, the highest levels were reported in normal weight and overweight. With regards to age, advanced age (≥70) was associated with the highest levels and most replete patients. Winter months were associated with the lowest levels of vitamin D. Higher vitamin D levels were found in individuals over 70 years, normal weight and overweight category. Conclusion: Testing vitamin D levels in high-risk groups becomes of utmost importance in areas with longer winter months, obese and underweight patients. Vitamin D levels should be routinely tested and treated in vulnerable populations.
文摘We have analyzed the contamination of the three major watersheds in Middle Tennessee (Middle Cumberland River Watershed, Stones River Watershed, and Harpeth River Watershed) by trihalomethanes, such as chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. These chemicals play an important role in the develop-ment of cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes, and were found to be present above the threshold established by the Environmental Protection Agency. Certain portions of each watershed were found to be contaminated by the trihalomethanes, and deemed un-healthy. The household incomes in the major areas in the three watershed regions were also examined to determine a possible relationship with the level of water contamination. We concluded that income did not necessarily relate to water quality. Specific areas within each watershed that had lower average household incomes were found to have a higher concentration of the trihalomethanes in their drinking water, while other high-income areas were also affected by unhealthy water. However, these effects were random, and the level of contamination remained below the guidelines regulated by the State of Tennessee.
文摘The 1991 Booker Prize--winning novelist Ben Okri, while traveling in the Deep South after Barack Obama＇s victory in the November 2008 presidential election, wrote that Elvis Presley was a lingering deity in the city of Memphis. The images of Elvis Presley, who earned the sobriquet ＂King of Rock＂ early in his career, and that of B. B. King, the exemplar extraordinaire of the Blues, are ubiquitous in the city of Memphis, which may be regarded as a metonym for the Blues and Rock ＇n Roll. The byline for the city of Memphis is, ＂Home of the Blues, Birthplace of Rock ＇n Roll＂, and this fact announces itself to the visitor as soon as he/she enters the arrivals concourse of the Memphis International Airport. As one proceeds towards the baggage claims area, the images which saturate the walkway create an aura that is redolent of the city＇s vibrant Rock ＇n Roll era. Drawing on Foucault＇s notion of heterotopias, as well as Jakobson＇s work on metonymy, this paper explores the hybrid musical spatiality of the city of Memphis and its environs, as well as its iconic status in the evolution of Rock ＇n Roll which was engendered by the Blues.
文摘Tennessee Williams is a great American playwright. The heroines in the three plays experienced the changes of times.There are also some common threads that weave their way through these women's lives. They are different from the passive women characters in Williams' s early plays. The growth of women is an important part in the development of society. Through the research on the three plays, the causes, the procedure and the significance of their final awakening can be found.
文摘Wingfiled’s family is trapped in the cage in Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie.They want to free their bundles and each of them has taken a different way.This paper considers the theme of escapism by analyzing characters’spiritual world and their existential predicaments.The significance of their own way is explored since they add layers of meaning to the central argument:escapism.Tennessee Williams;
文摘The Holston Formation aka Tennessee“marble”,though not steeped in antiquity as many European stones,has been quarried continuously in Tennessee for lime and dimension stone since colonial times in North America.The white to red,massive,coarse-grained limestone occurs as a conspicuous stratigraphic unit within the Middle Ordovician Chickamauga Group in the Valley and Ridge province of East Tennessee.
文摘With the nickname'Music City',Nashville has been at the center of American country music for decades.And for three of those,Kurt Wagner has been writing a unique chapter in his hometown's musical history as the frontman of Lambchop,the self-proclaimed"most fucked-up country band"in the city.
文摘针对化工连续生产过程的时序性及非线性等特征,提出一种新的基于数据驱动的化工过程故障诊断方法:ISOMAP-LDA。首先实行流形学习算法ISOMAP,在保持量测数据几何结构特性下完成非线性降维,然后基于提取的嵌入变量张成的低维空间,选用线性判别分析(LDA)构造故障模式类的判别函数,负责各采样个体故障类型的判定。将该方法用于仿真化工Tennessee East man过程的故障诊断,结果表明,ISOMAP-LDA方法不仅拥有较高的故障诊断能力,而且取得采样在低维空间的可视化表示。
文摘A visual method of fault diagnosis for a complicated process was developed based on self-organizing map (SOM).Due to the high dimensionality of the complicated process, principal component analysis (PCA) was introduced to reduce the dimension of the process data.Then the self-organizing map was utilized to project the preprocessed data onto a 2D visualization space in which different process conditions were represented by different regions.Online monitoring could be achieved by the dynamic trajectory in the visualization space.The cause of certain fault could be deduced from the U-matrix of the derived SOM network and the loadings vector of the principal components.The application to the Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) demonstrated that fault detection and diagnosis could be carried out in a more intuitional and practical manner by using the proposed method.
