Tendon-bone healing remains a significant clinical challenge due to the high risk of re-rupture following injury.While mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)show great potential in enhancing tendon-bone healing,their clinical a...Tendon-bone healing remains a significant clinical challenge due to the high risk of re-rupture following injury.While mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)show great potential in enhancing tendon-bone healing,their clinical application is limited by issues such as low delivery efficiency,restricted differentiation potential,and potential immunogenicity.Recently,various strategies combining MSCs with other approaches,such as preconditioning,biomaterial integration,gene modification,and exosome application,have been developed,resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes.This review explored the current methods used to optimize MSC therapy for tendon-bone healing,examining the advantages,disadvantages,and underlying mechanisms of each approach,providing a foundation for future research and clinical applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)is the dominant clinical modality for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.The success of ACLR is largely dependent on tendon-bone healing,and ...BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)is the dominant clinical modality for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.The success of ACLR is largely dependent on tendon-bone healing,and stem cell biotherapies are often used to facilitate this process.Histone lactylation modifications are involved in the regulation of various diseases.Lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)has been shown to play an important role in exosomes.AIM To explore the regulation of tendon-bone healing after ACLR by LDHA in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC-Exos).METHODS BMSC-Exos and LDHA were characterized and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy,qNano,immunofluorescence and western blotting assay.The corresponding low expression cell lines were obtained using RNA interference transfection;LDHA expression in rat bone tissues after ACLR was analyzed by western blotting.The volume of newborn bone tissues was monitored by micro-computed tomography imaging.Tendon and fibrocartilage regeneration were further analyzed and calculated by histological analysis,including hematoxylin and eosin and Safranin O-Fast green staining,respectively;LDHA levels of chondrocyte stem cells(CSPCs)after co-incubation with BMSC-Exos were analyzed by western blotting.Extracellularly secreted lactic acid content was determined by lactate assay kit.Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit 8 assay,and the proliferation and differentiation ability of cells was further examined by the expression of collagen II,SOX9 and aggrecan.Histone H3K18 lactylation modification was analyzed by western blotting.H3K18 La binding on bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP7)promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction;BMP7 promoter activity was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene;BMP7 protein expression was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Then,the proliferation of CSPCs promoted by BMSC-Exos LDHA was analyzed by protein expression levels of LDHA,BMP7,collagen II,SOX9,aggrecan,extracellular lactate content,and cell counting kit 8 assay.RESULTS The spherical nanosized BMSC-Exos could be uptaken by CSPCs.LDHA was highly expressed in BMSC-Exos,which could infiltrate into the bone tissue of ACLR rats and promoted the generation of new bone tissue,as well as significantly increased the regeneration of tendon and fibrocartilage.Co-incubation of CSPCs with high-expressing LDHA BMSC-Exos increased the secretion of lactate content from CSPCs,cell viability,and the expression of markers related to cell proliferation and differentiation,including collagen II,SOX9,and aggrecan;LDHA in BMSC-Exos upregulated BMP7 through histone H3K18 lactate modification;high LDHA expression reversed the knockdown of BMP7,further increasing the proliferation and differentiation of CSPCs,thereby inducing cartilage formation.CONCLUSION LDHA in BMSC-Exos promotes BMP7 expression via H3K18 lactylation modification,which further promotes tendon-bone healing after ACLR.展开更多
Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to ...Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to the study of"Leadership in Adult Education Venues",here has a much more clear recognition of leadership:leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.There are many approaches of leadership throughout the study of this class,the three theories of leadership I choose to describe in this paper are:Leader-Member Exchange(LMX)Theory,Transformational Leadership,and Team Leadership.展开更多
内斯比特(KateNesbitt)在她的Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture,An Anthology of Architectural Theory,1965～1995一书中较为全面地介绍了当代西方建筑理论界所关心的主要问题及其相关的思考。对于这些问题,国内建筑理论界也...内斯比特(KateNesbitt)在她的Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture,An Anthology of Architectural Theory,1965～1995一书中较为全面地介绍了当代西方建筑理论界所关心的主要问题及其相关的思考。对于这些问题,国内建筑理论界也有自己的认识。该文通过对两者的比较,试图理清建筑理论的基本意义,那就是提出问题并引起思考。展开更多
Incorporation of a tendon graft within the bone tunnel represents a challenging clinical problem. Successfulanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires solid healing of the tendon graft in the bone tunnel...Incorporation of a tendon graft within the bone tunnel represents a challenging clinical problem. Successfulanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires solid healing of the tendon graft in the bone tunnel. En-hancement of graft healing to bone is important to facilitate early aggressive rehabilitation and a rapid return topre-injury activity levels. No convenient, effective or inexpensive procedures exist to enhance tendon-bone (T-B)healing after surgery. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) improves local blood perfusion and angiogenesis,stimulates cartilage maturation, enhances differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, and motivates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and therefore, appears to be a potential non-invasive tool for T-Bhealing in early stage of rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction. It is conceivable that LIPUS could be used to stimulateT-B tunnel healing in the home, with the aim of accelerating rehabilitation and an earlier return to normal activities inthe near future. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how LIPUS stimulates T-B healing at the cellular andmolecular levels, describe studies in animal models, and provide a future direction for research.展开更多
AIM To quantitatively assess rotatory and anterior-posterior instability in vivo after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone(BTB) autografts, and to clarify the influence of tu...AIM To quantitatively assess rotatory and anterior-posterior instability in vivo after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone(BTB) autografts, and to clarify the influence of tunnel positions on the knee stability.METHODS Single-bundle ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft was performed on 50 patients with a mean age of 28 years using the trans-tibial(TT)(n = 20) and trans-portal(TP)(n = 30) techniques. Femoral and tibial tunnel positions were identified from the high-resolution 3 D-CT bone models two weeks after surgery. Anterolateral rotatory translation was examined using a Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test in open magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) 1.0-1.5 years after surgery, by measuring anterior tibial translation at the medial and lateral compartments on its sagittal images. Anterior-posterior stability was evaluated with a Kneelax3 arthrometer.RESULTS A total of 40 patients(80%) were finally followed up. Femoral tunnel positions were shallower(P < 0.01) and higher(P < 0.001), and tibial tunnel positions were more posterior(P < 0.05) in the TT group compared with the TP group. Anterolateral rotatory translations in reconstructed knees were significantly correlated with the shallow femoral tunnel positions(R = 0.42, P < 0.01), and the rotatory translations were greater in the TT group(3.2 ± 1.6 mm) than in the TP group(2.0 ± 1.8 mm)(P < 0.05). Side-to-side differences of Kneelax3 arthrometer were 1.5 ± 1.3 mm in the TT, and 1.7 ± 1.6 mm in the TP group(N.S.). Lysholm scores, KOOS subscales and reinjury rate showed no difference between the two groups.CONCLUSION Anterolateral rotatory instability significantly correlated shallow femoral tunnel positions after ACL reconstruction using BTB autografts. Clinical outcomes, rotatory and anterior-posterior stability were overall satisfactory in both techniques, but the TT technique located femoral tunnels in shallower and higher positions, and tibial tunnels in more posterior positions than the TP technique, thus increased the anterolateral rotation. Anatomic ACL reconstruction with BTB autografts may restore knee function and stability.展开更多
The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theor...The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory. The desired results for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are naturally obtained via direct transitions and reductions from the coupled conservation law of energy for micropolar continuum theory, respectively. The basic balance laws and equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are constituted by combining these results derived here and the traditional conservation laws and equations of mass and microinertia and the entropy inequality. The incomplete degrees of the former related continuum theories are clarified. Finally, some special cases are conveniently derived.展开更多
The presence of excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)after injuries to the enthesis could lead to cellular oxidative damage,high inflammatory response,chronic inflammation,and limited fibrochondral inductivity,making...The presence of excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)after injuries to the enthesis could lead to cellular oxidative damage,high inflammatory response,chronic inflammation,and limited fibrochondral inductivity,making tissue repair and functional recovery difficult.Here,a multifunctional silk fibroin nanofiber modified with polydopamine and kartogenin was designed and fabricated to not only effectively reduce inflammation by scavenging ROS in the early stage of the enthesis healing but also enhance fibrocartilage formation with fibrochondrogenic induction in the later stages.The in vitro results confirmed the antioxidant capability and the fibrochondral inductivity of the functionalized nanofibers.In vivo studies showed that the multifunctional nanofiber can significantly improve the integration of tendon-bone and accelerate the regeneration of interface tissue,resulting in an excellent biomechanical property.Thus,the incorporation of antioxidant and bio-active molecules into extracellular matrix-like biomaterials in interface tissue engineering provides an integrative approach that facilitates damaged tissue regeneration and functional recovery,thereby improving the clinical outcome of the engineered tissue.展开更多
By basic equations, two basic theories are presented: 1.Theory of stock's value v *(t)=v *(0) exp (ar * 2t); 2. Theory of conservation of stock's energy. Let stock's energy be defined as a q...By basic equations, two basic theories are presented: 1.Theory of stock's value v *(t)=v *(0) exp (ar * 2t); 2. Theory of conservation of stock's energy. Let stock's energy be defined as a quadratic function of stock's price v and its derivative , =Av 2+ Bv+C 2+Dv, under the constraint of basic equation, the problem was reduced to a problem of constrained optimization along optimal path. Using Lagrange multiplier and Euler equation of variation method, it can be proved that keeps conservation for any v,. The application of these equations and theories on judgement and analysis of tendency of stock market are given, and the judgement is checked to be correct by the recorded tendency of Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets.展开更多
The authors discuss contradictions between the principal branches of the modern physical picture of the universe. Space and time have been shown in the Unitary Quantum Theory (UQT) not to be connected one with the oth...The authors discuss contradictions between the principal branches of the modern physical picture of the universe. Space and time have been shown in the Unitary Quantum Theory (UQT) not to be connected one with the other, unlike in the Special Theory of Relativity. In UQT, time becomes Newtonian again, and the growth of the particle’s mass with growing speed proceeds from other considerations of physics. Unlike the quantum theory, the modern gravitation theory (the general theory of relativity) is not confirmed by experiments and needs to be considerably revised.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with depression following coronary heart disease often exhibit insufficient psychological resilience and self-care abilities;therefore,emphasis must be placed on nursing interventions.AIM To analyz...BACKGROUND Patients with depression following coronary heart disease often exhibit insufficient psychological resilience and self-care abilities;therefore,emphasis must be placed on nursing interventions.AIM To analyze the application value of problem-oriented education combined with nursing interventions based on the Snyder hope theory model in depressed patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).METHODS This study included 150 patients diagnosed with PCI postoperative depression because of coronary heart disease between February 2022 and February 2024.Participants were divided into two groups:A control group(n=75)receiving problem-oriented education and an observation group(n=75)receiving combined nursing interventions based on the Snyder hope theory model.Depression status,psychological resilience,self-care ability,and quality of life were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before nursing interventions,there were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).After the interventions,depression scores decreased while psychological resilience,self-care ability,and quality of life scores increased significantly in the observation group compared to that in the control group,with statistically significant differences noted(P<0.05).This combined approach can enhance psychological resilience,improve self-care abilities,and elevate the overall quality of life,warranting further promotion in clinical practice.CONCLUSION Combination of problem-oriented education and nursing interventions based on the Snyder hope theory model effectively alleviates depression in patients following PCI for coronary heart disease.展开更多
Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have bee...Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have been conducted to reveal the mysteries of bubble motion and its mechanisms.These efforts have significantly advanced research in bubble dynamics,where theoretical study is an efficient method for bubble motion prediction.Since Lord Rayleigh introduced the theoretical model of single-bubble motion in incompressible fluid in 1917,theoretical studies have been pivotal in understanding bubble dynamics.This study provides a comprehensive review of the development and applicability of theoretical studies in bubble dynamics using typical theoretical bubble models across different periods as a focal point and an overview of bubble theory applications in underwater explosion,marine cavitation,and seismic exploration.This study aims to serve as a reference and catalyst for further advancements in theoretical analysis and practical applications of bubble theory across marine fields.展开更多
Moles exhibit highly effective capabilities due to their unique body structures and digging techniques,making them ideal models for biomimetic research.However,a major challenge for mole-inspired robots lies in overco...Moles exhibit highly effective capabilities due to their unique body structures and digging techniques,making them ideal models for biomimetic research.However,a major challenge for mole-inspired robots lies in overcoming resistance in granular media when burrowing with forelimbs.In the absence of effective forepaw design strategies,most robotic designs rely on increased power to enhance performance.To address this issue,this paper employs Resistive Force Theory to optimize mole-inspired forepaws,aiming to enhance burrowing efficiency.By analyzing the relationship between geometric parameters and burrowing forces,we propose several forepaw design variations.Through granular resistance assessments,an effective forepaw configuration is identified and further refined using parameters such as longitudinal and transverse curvature.Subsequently,the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is applied to determine the optimal forepaw design.In force-loading tests,the optimized forepaw demonstrated a 79.44%reduction in granular lift force and a 22.55%increase in propulsive force compared with the control group.In robotic burrowing experiments,the optimized forepaw achieved the longest burrow displacement(179.528 mm)and the lowest burrowing lift force(0.9355 mm/s),verifying its effectiveness in reducing the lift force and enhancing the propulsive force.展开更多
Element Transfer Reaction(ETR)theory is a new fundamental theory guiding the design of synthetic routes.It analyses problems from a brand-new perspective of element circulation,decomposing the factors affecting synthe...Element Transfer Reaction(ETR)theory is a new fundamental theory guiding the design of synthetic routes.It analyses problems from a brand-new perspective of element circulation,decomposing the factors affecting synthetic efficiency into three elements:element sources,driving force,and output.Different from the retrosynthetic analysis method and the atom economy theory,the ETR theory places more emphasis on examining the problem as a whole and comprehensively considering various factors involved in industrial applications.This perspective intends to elaborate on the scientific connotation of the ETR theory and explore its characteristics by discussing the practical application cases.展开更多
In this paper, in Section 1, we have described some equations and theorems concerning the Lebesgue integral and the Lebesgue measure. In Section 2, we have described the possible mathematical applications, of Lebesgue...In this paper, in Section 1, we have described some equations and theorems concerning the Lebesgue integral and the Lebesgue measure. In Section 2, we have described the possible mathematical applications, of Lebesgue integration, in some equations concerning various sectors of Chern-Simons theory and Yang-Mills gauge theory, precisely the two dimensional quantum Yang-Mills theory. In conclusion, in Section 3, we have described also the possible mathematical connections with some sectors of String Theory and Number Theory, principally with some equations concerning the Ramanujan’s modular equations that are related to the physical vibrations of the bosonic strings and of the superstrings, some Ramanujan’s identities concerning π and the zeta strings.展开更多
Flexoelectricity refers to the link between electrical polarization and strain gradient fields in piezoelectric materials,particularly at the nano-scale.The present investigation aims to comprehensively focus on the s...Flexoelectricity refers to the link between electrical polarization and strain gradient fields in piezoelectric materials,particularly at the nano-scale.The present investigation aims to comprehensively focus on the static bending analysis of a piezoelectric sandwich functionally graded porous(FGP)double-curved shallow nanoshell based on the flexoelectric effect and nonlocal strain gradient theory.Two coefficients that reduce or increase the stiffness of the nanoshell,including nonlocal and length-scale parameters,are considered to change along the nanoshell thickness direction,and three different porosity rules are novel points in this study.The nanoshell structure is placed on a Pasternak elastic foundation and is made up of three separate layers of material.The outermost layers consist of piezoelectric smart material with flexoelectric effects,while the core layer is composed of FGP material.Hamilton’s principle was used in conjunction with a unique refined higher-order shear deformation theory to derive general equilibrium equations that provide more precise outcomes.The Navier and Galerkin-Vlasov methodology is used to get the static bending characteristics of nanoshells that have various boundary conditions.The program’s correctness is assessed by comparison with published dependable findings in specific instances of the model described in the article.In addition,the influence of parameters such as flexoelectric effect,nonlocal and length scale parameters,elastic foundation stiffness coefficient,porosity coefficient,and boundary conditions on the static bending response of the nanoshell is detected and comprehensively studied.The findings of this study have practical implications for the efficient design and control of comparable systems,such as micro-electromechanical and nano-electromechanical devices.展开更多
Due to its synergistic effects and reduced side effects,combination therapy has become an important strategy for treating complex diseases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the“monarch,minister,assistant,envoy”co...Due to its synergistic effects and reduced side effects,combination therapy has become an important strategy for treating complex diseases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the“monarch,minister,assistant,envoy”compatibilities theory provides a systematic framework for drug compatibility and has guided the formation of a large number of classic formulas.However,due to the complex compositions and diverse mechanisms of action of TCM,it is difficult to comprehensively reveal its potential synergistic patterns using traditional methods.Synergistic prediction based on molecular compatibility theory provides new ideas for identifying combinations of active compounds in TCM.Compared to resource-intensive traditional experimental methods,artificial intelligence possesses the ability to mine synergistic patterns from multi-omics and structural data,providing an efficient means for modeling and optimizing TCM combinations.This paper systematically reviews the application progress of AI in the synergistic prediction of TCM active compounds and explores the challenges and prospects of its application in modeling combination relationships,thereby contributing to the modernization of TCM theory and methodological innovation.展开更多
The paper is devoted to the study of the gravitational collapse within the framework of the spherically symmetric problem in the Newton theory and general relativity on the basis of the pressure-free model of the cont...The paper is devoted to the study of the gravitational collapse within the framework of the spherically symmetric problem in the Newton theory and general relativity on the basis of the pressure-free model of the continuum. In application to the Newton gravitation theory, the analysis consists of three stages. First, we assume that the gravitational force is determined by the initial sphere radius and constant density and does not change in the process of the sphere collapse. The obtained analytical solution allows us to find the collapse time in the first approximation. Second, we construct the step-by-step process in which the gravitational force at a given time moment depends on the current sphere radius and density. The obtained numerical solution specifies the collapse time depending on the number of steps. Third, we find the exact value of the collapse time which is the limit of the step-by-step solutions and study the collapse and the expansion processes in the Newton theory. In application to general relativity, we use the space model corresponding to the special four-dimensional space which is Euclidean with respect to space coordinates and Riemannian with respect to the time coordinate only. The obtained solution specifies two possible scenarios. First, sphere contraction results in the infinitely high density with the finite collapse time, which does not coincide with the conventional result corresponding to the Schwarzschild geometry. Second, sphere expansion with the velocity which increases with a distance from the sphere center and decreases with time.展开更多
We have examined the theoretical implications of combining two main and three auxiliary ligands to form several Ir(Ⅲ)complexes featuring a transition metal as their core atom to identify some appropriate organic ligh...We have examined the theoretical implications of combining two main and three auxiliary ligands to form several Ir(Ⅲ)complexes featuring a transition metal as their core atom to identify some appropriate organic lightemitting diode(OLED)materials.By utilizing electronic structure,frontier molecular orbitals,minimum single-line absorption,triplet excited states,and emission spectral data derived from the density functional theory,the usefulness of these Ir(Ⅲ)complexes,including(piq)_(2)Ir(acac),(piq)_(2)Ir(tmd),(piq)_(2)Ir(tpip),(fpiq)_(2)Ir(acac),(fpiq)_(2)Ir(tmd),and(fpiq)_(2)Ir(tpip),in OLEDs was examined,where piq=1-phenylisoquinoline,fpiq=1-(4-fluorophenyl)isoquinoline,acac=(3Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one,tmd=(4Z)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one,and tpip=tetraphenylimido-diphosphonate.These complexes all have low-efficiency roll-off properties,especially(fpiq)_(2)Ir(tpip).Some researchers have successfully synthesized complexes extremely similar to(piq)_(2)Ir(acac)through the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.展开更多
By adopting stochastic density functional theory(SDFT)and mixed stochastic-deterministic density functional theory(MDFT)methods,we perform first-principles calculations to predict the shock Hugoniot curves of boron(pr...By adopting stochastic density functional theory(SDFT)and mixed stochastic-deterministic density functional theory(MDFT)methods,we perform first-principles calculations to predict the shock Hugoniot curves of boron(pressure P=7.9×10^(3)-1.6×10^(6) GPa and temperature T=25-2800 eV),silicon(P=2.6×10^(3)-7.9×10^(5) GPa and T=21.5-1393 eV),and aluminum(P=5.2×10^(3)-9.0×10^(5) GPa and T=25-1393 eV)over wide ranges of pressure and temperature.In particular,we systematically investigate the impact of different cutoff radii in norm-conserving pseudopotentials on the calculated properties at elevated temperatures,such as pressure,ionization energy,and equation of state.By comparing the SDFT and MDFT results with those of other first-principles methods,such as extended first-principles molecular dynamics and path integral Monte Carlo methods,we find that the SDFT and MDFT methods show satisfactory precision,which advances our understanding of first-principles methods when applied to studies of matter at extremely high pressures and temperatures.展开更多
基金Jinhua Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project,No.2025-4-229Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan,No.2022KY1343.
文摘Tendon-bone healing remains a significant clinical challenge due to the high risk of re-rupture following injury.While mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)show great potential in enhancing tendon-bone healing,their clinical application is limited by issues such as low delivery efficiency,restricted differentiation potential,and potential immunogenicity.Recently,various strategies combining MSCs with other approaches,such as preconditioning,biomaterial integration,gene modification,and exosome application,have been developed,resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes.This review explored the current methods used to optimize MSC therapy for tendon-bone healing,examining the advantages,disadvantages,and underlying mechanisms of each approach,providing a foundation for future research and clinical applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)is the dominant clinical modality for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.The success of ACLR is largely dependent on tendon-bone healing,and stem cell biotherapies are often used to facilitate this process.Histone lactylation modifications are involved in the regulation of various diseases.Lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)has been shown to play an important role in exosomes.AIM To explore the regulation of tendon-bone healing after ACLR by LDHA in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC-Exos).METHODS BMSC-Exos and LDHA were characterized and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy,qNano,immunofluorescence and western blotting assay.The corresponding low expression cell lines were obtained using RNA interference transfection;LDHA expression in rat bone tissues after ACLR was analyzed by western blotting.The volume of newborn bone tissues was monitored by micro-computed tomography imaging.Tendon and fibrocartilage regeneration were further analyzed and calculated by histological analysis,including hematoxylin and eosin and Safranin O-Fast green staining,respectively;LDHA levels of chondrocyte stem cells(CSPCs)after co-incubation with BMSC-Exos were analyzed by western blotting.Extracellularly secreted lactic acid content was determined by lactate assay kit.Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit 8 assay,and the proliferation and differentiation ability of cells was further examined by the expression of collagen II,SOX9 and aggrecan.Histone H3K18 lactylation modification was analyzed by western blotting.H3K18 La binding on bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP7)promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction;BMP7 promoter activity was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene;BMP7 protein expression was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Then,the proliferation of CSPCs promoted by BMSC-Exos LDHA was analyzed by protein expression levels of LDHA,BMP7,collagen II,SOX9,aggrecan,extracellular lactate content,and cell counting kit 8 assay.RESULTS The spherical nanosized BMSC-Exos could be uptaken by CSPCs.LDHA was highly expressed in BMSC-Exos,which could infiltrate into the bone tissue of ACLR rats and promoted the generation of new bone tissue,as well as significantly increased the regeneration of tendon and fibrocartilage.Co-incubation of CSPCs with high-expressing LDHA BMSC-Exos increased the secretion of lactate content from CSPCs,cell viability,and the expression of markers related to cell proliferation and differentiation,including collagen II,SOX9,and aggrecan;LDHA in BMSC-Exos upregulated BMP7 through histone H3K18 lactate modification;high LDHA expression reversed the knockdown of BMP7,further increasing the proliferation and differentiation of CSPCs,thereby inducing cartilage formation.CONCLUSION LDHA in BMSC-Exos promotes BMP7 expression via H3K18 lactylation modification,which further promotes tendon-bone healing after ACLR.
文摘Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to the study of"Leadership in Adult Education Venues",here has a much more clear recognition of leadership:leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.There are many approaches of leadership throughout the study of this class,the three theories of leadership I choose to describe in this paper are:Leader-Member Exchange(LMX)Theory,Transformational Leadership,and Team Leadership.
文摘内斯比特(KateNesbitt)在她的Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture,An Anthology of Architectural Theory,1965～1995一书中较为全面地介绍了当代西方建筑理论界所关心的主要问题及其相关的思考。对于这些问题,国内建筑理论界也有自己的认识。该文通过对两者的比较,试图理清建筑理论的基本意义,那就是提出问题并引起思考。
基金Project (No. 81171687/H0604) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Incorporation of a tendon graft within the bone tunnel represents a challenging clinical problem. Successfulanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires solid healing of the tendon graft in the bone tunnel. En-hancement of graft healing to bone is important to facilitate early aggressive rehabilitation and a rapid return topre-injury activity levels. No convenient, effective or inexpensive procedures exist to enhance tendon-bone (T-B)healing after surgery. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) improves local blood perfusion and angiogenesis,stimulates cartilage maturation, enhances differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, and motivates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and therefore, appears to be a potential non-invasive tool for T-Bhealing in early stage of rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction. It is conceivable that LIPUS could be used to stimulateT-B tunnel healing in the home, with the aim of accelerating rehabilitation and an earlier return to normal activities inthe near future. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how LIPUS stimulates T-B healing at the cellular andmolecular levels, describe studies in animal models, and provide a future direction for research.
基金Supported by JSPS Fellowships for Research Abroad,No.H27-787International Research Fund for Subsidy of Kyushu University School of Medicine Alumni
文摘AIM To quantitatively assess rotatory and anterior-posterior instability in vivo after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone(BTB) autografts, and to clarify the influence of tunnel positions on the knee stability.METHODS Single-bundle ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft was performed on 50 patients with a mean age of 28 years using the trans-tibial(TT)(n = 20) and trans-portal(TP)(n = 30) techniques. Femoral and tibial tunnel positions were identified from the high-resolution 3 D-CT bone models two weeks after surgery. Anterolateral rotatory translation was examined using a Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test in open magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) 1.0-1.5 years after surgery, by measuring anterior tibial translation at the medial and lateral compartments on its sagittal images. Anterior-posterior stability was evaluated with a Kneelax3 arthrometer.RESULTS A total of 40 patients(80%) were finally followed up. Femoral tunnel positions were shallower(P < 0.01) and higher(P < 0.001), and tibial tunnel positions were more posterior(P < 0.05) in the TT group compared with the TP group. Anterolateral rotatory translations in reconstructed knees were significantly correlated with the shallow femoral tunnel positions(R = 0.42, P < 0.01), and the rotatory translations were greater in the TT group(3.2 ± 1.6 mm) than in the TP group(2.0 ± 1.8 mm)(P < 0.05). Side-to-side differences of Kneelax3 arthrometer were 1.5 ± 1.3 mm in the TT, and 1.7 ± 1.6 mm in the TP group(N.S.). Lysholm scores, KOOS subscales and reinjury rate showed no difference between the two groups.CONCLUSION Anterolateral rotatory instability significantly correlated shallow femoral tunnel positions after ACL reconstruction using BTB autografts. Clinical outcomes, rotatory and anterior-posterior stability were overall satisfactory in both techniques, but the TT technique located femoral tunnels in shallower and higher positions, and tibial tunnels in more posterior positions than the TP technique, thus increased the anterolateral rotation. Anatomic ACL reconstruction with BTB autografts may restore knee function and stability.
文摘The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory. The desired results for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are naturally obtained via direct transitions and reductions from the coupled conservation law of energy for micropolar continuum theory, respectively. The basic balance laws and equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are constituted by combining these results derived here and the traditional conservation laws and equations of mass and microinertia and the entropy inequality. The incomplete degrees of the former related continuum theories are clarified. Finally, some special cases are conveniently derived.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.11532004,11832008]Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and University(“111”Project)[No.B06023]。
文摘The presence of excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)after injuries to the enthesis could lead to cellular oxidative damage,high inflammatory response,chronic inflammation,and limited fibrochondral inductivity,making tissue repair and functional recovery difficult.Here,a multifunctional silk fibroin nanofiber modified with polydopamine and kartogenin was designed and fabricated to not only effectively reduce inflammation by scavenging ROS in the early stage of the enthesis healing but also enhance fibrocartilage formation with fibrochondrogenic induction in the later stages.The in vitro results confirmed the antioxidant capability and the fibrochondral inductivity of the functionalized nanofibers.In vivo studies showed that the multifunctional nanofiber can significantly improve the integration of tendon-bone and accelerate the regeneration of interface tissue,resulting in an excellent biomechanical property.Thus,the incorporation of antioxidant and bio-active molecules into extracellular matrix-like biomaterials in interface tissue engineering provides an integrative approach that facilitates damaged tissue regeneration and functional recovery,thereby improving the clinical outcome of the engineered tissue.
文摘By basic equations, two basic theories are presented: 1.Theory of stock's value v *(t)=v *(0) exp (ar * 2t); 2. Theory of conservation of stock's energy. Let stock's energy be defined as a quadratic function of stock's price v and its derivative , =Av 2+ Bv+C 2+Dv, under the constraint of basic equation, the problem was reduced to a problem of constrained optimization along optimal path. Using Lagrange multiplier and Euler equation of variation method, it can be proved that keeps conservation for any v,. The application of these equations and theories on judgement and analysis of tendency of stock market are given, and the judgement is checked to be correct by the recorded tendency of Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets.
文摘The authors discuss contradictions between the principal branches of the modern physical picture of the universe. Space and time have been shown in the Unitary Quantum Theory (UQT) not to be connected one with the other, unlike in the Special Theory of Relativity. In UQT, time becomes Newtonian again, and the growth of the particle’s mass with growing speed proceeds from other considerations of physics. Unlike the quantum theory, the modern gravitation theory (the general theory of relativity) is not confirmed by experiments and needs to be considerably revised.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with depression following coronary heart disease often exhibit insufficient psychological resilience and self-care abilities;therefore,emphasis must be placed on nursing interventions.AIM To analyze the application value of problem-oriented education combined with nursing interventions based on the Snyder hope theory model in depressed patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).METHODS This study included 150 patients diagnosed with PCI postoperative depression because of coronary heart disease between February 2022 and February 2024.Participants were divided into two groups:A control group(n=75)receiving problem-oriented education and an observation group(n=75)receiving combined nursing interventions based on the Snyder hope theory model.Depression status,psychological resilience,self-care ability,and quality of life were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before nursing interventions,there were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).After the interventions,depression scores decreased while psychological resilience,self-care ability,and quality of life scores increased significantly in the observation group compared to that in the control group,with statistically significant differences noted(P<0.05).This combined approach can enhance psychological resilience,improve self-care abilities,and elevate the overall quality of life,warranting further promotion in clinical practice.CONCLUSION Combination of problem-oriented education and nursing interventions based on the Snyder hope theory model effectively alleviates depression in patients following PCI for coronary heart disease.
文摘Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have been conducted to reveal the mysteries of bubble motion and its mechanisms.These efforts have significantly advanced research in bubble dynamics,where theoretical study is an efficient method for bubble motion prediction.Since Lord Rayleigh introduced the theoretical model of single-bubble motion in incompressible fluid in 1917,theoretical studies have been pivotal in understanding bubble dynamics.This study provides a comprehensive review of the development and applicability of theoretical studies in bubble dynamics using typical theoretical bubble models across different periods as a focal point and an overview of bubble theory applications in underwater explosion,marine cavitation,and seismic exploration.This study aims to serve as a reference and catalyst for further advancements in theoretical analysis and practical applications of bubble theory across marine fields.
基金financially supported in-part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275011)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023B1515020080)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou(2024A04J2552)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)(2021QNRC001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515011253)the Higher Education Institution Featured Innovation Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(GrantNo.2023KTSCX138).
文摘Moles exhibit highly effective capabilities due to their unique body structures and digging techniques,making them ideal models for biomimetic research.However,a major challenge for mole-inspired robots lies in overcoming resistance in granular media when burrowing with forelimbs.In the absence of effective forepaw design strategies,most robotic designs rely on increased power to enhance performance.To address this issue,this paper employs Resistive Force Theory to optimize mole-inspired forepaws,aiming to enhance burrowing efficiency.By analyzing the relationship between geometric parameters and burrowing forces,we propose several forepaw design variations.Through granular resistance assessments,an effective forepaw configuration is identified and further refined using parameters such as longitudinal and transverse curvature.Subsequently,the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is applied to determine the optimal forepaw design.In force-loading tests,the optimized forepaw demonstrated a 79.44%reduction in granular lift force and a 22.55%increase in propulsive force compared with the control group.In robotic burrowing experiments,the optimized forepaw achieved the longest burrow displacement(179.528 mm)and the lowest burrowing lift force(0.9355 mm/s),verifying its effectiveness in reducing the lift force and enhancing the propulsive force.
基金Industry Foresight and Key Core Technology(No.YZ2023019)Cooperation Project of Yangzhou City with Yangzhou University(No.YZ2023209)+3 种基金Sichuan Tianfu Talent Programme(No.A.2200732)Chengdu Rongpiao Talent Programme(No.1043)SeleValley Scholars Basic Research Project(No.2301)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)for financial support。
文摘Element Transfer Reaction(ETR)theory is a new fundamental theory guiding the design of synthetic routes.It analyses problems from a brand-new perspective of element circulation,decomposing the factors affecting synthetic efficiency into three elements:element sources,driving force,and output.Different from the retrosynthetic analysis method and the atom economy theory,the ETR theory places more emphasis on examining the problem as a whole and comprehensively considering various factors involved in industrial applications.This perspective intends to elaborate on the scientific connotation of the ETR theory and explore its characteristics by discussing the practical application cases.
文摘In this paper, in Section 1, we have described some equations and theorems concerning the Lebesgue integral and the Lebesgue measure. In Section 2, we have described the possible mathematical applications, of Lebesgue integration, in some equations concerning various sectors of Chern-Simons theory and Yang-Mills gauge theory, precisely the two dimensional quantum Yang-Mills theory. In conclusion, in Section 3, we have described also the possible mathematical connections with some sectors of String Theory and Number Theory, principally with some equations concerning the Ramanujan’s modular equations that are related to the physical vibrations of the bosonic strings and of the superstrings, some Ramanujan’s identities concerning π and the zeta strings.
基金This work was supported by the Le Quy Don Technical University Research Fund(Grant No.23.1.11).
文摘Flexoelectricity refers to the link between electrical polarization and strain gradient fields in piezoelectric materials,particularly at the nano-scale.The present investigation aims to comprehensively focus on the static bending analysis of a piezoelectric sandwich functionally graded porous(FGP)double-curved shallow nanoshell based on the flexoelectric effect and nonlocal strain gradient theory.Two coefficients that reduce or increase the stiffness of the nanoshell,including nonlocal and length-scale parameters,are considered to change along the nanoshell thickness direction,and three different porosity rules are novel points in this study.The nanoshell structure is placed on a Pasternak elastic foundation and is made up of three separate layers of material.The outermost layers consist of piezoelectric smart material with flexoelectric effects,while the core layer is composed of FGP material.Hamilton’s principle was used in conjunction with a unique refined higher-order shear deformation theory to derive general equilibrium equations that provide more precise outcomes.The Navier and Galerkin-Vlasov methodology is used to get the static bending characteristics of nanoshells that have various boundary conditions.The program’s correctness is assessed by comparison with published dependable findings in specific instances of the model described in the article.In addition,the influence of parameters such as flexoelectric effect,nonlocal and length scale parameters,elastic foundation stiffness coefficient,porosity coefficient,and boundary conditions on the static bending response of the nanoshell is detected and comprehensively studied.The findings of this study have practical implications for the efficient design and control of comparable systems,such as micro-electromechanical and nano-electromechanical devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3506900)Science and Technology Program of Tianjin(No.24ZXZSSS00460)Special Project for Technological Innovation in New Productive Forces of Modern Chinese Medicines(No.24ZXZKSY00010)。
文摘Due to its synergistic effects and reduced side effects,combination therapy has become an important strategy for treating complex diseases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the“monarch,minister,assistant,envoy”compatibilities theory provides a systematic framework for drug compatibility and has guided the formation of a large number of classic formulas.However,due to the complex compositions and diverse mechanisms of action of TCM,it is difficult to comprehensively reveal its potential synergistic patterns using traditional methods.Synergistic prediction based on molecular compatibility theory provides new ideas for identifying combinations of active compounds in TCM.Compared to resource-intensive traditional experimental methods,artificial intelligence possesses the ability to mine synergistic patterns from multi-omics and structural data,providing an efficient means for modeling and optimizing TCM combinations.This paper systematically reviews the application progress of AI in the synergistic prediction of TCM active compounds and explores the challenges and prospects of its application in modeling combination relationships,thereby contributing to the modernization of TCM theory and methodological innovation.
文摘The paper is devoted to the study of the gravitational collapse within the framework of the spherically symmetric problem in the Newton theory and general relativity on the basis of the pressure-free model of the continuum. In application to the Newton gravitation theory, the analysis consists of three stages. First, we assume that the gravitational force is determined by the initial sphere radius and constant density and does not change in the process of the sphere collapse. The obtained analytical solution allows us to find the collapse time in the first approximation. Second, we construct the step-by-step process in which the gravitational force at a given time moment depends on the current sphere radius and density. The obtained numerical solution specifies the collapse time depending on the number of steps. Third, we find the exact value of the collapse time which is the limit of the step-by-step solutions and study the collapse and the expansion processes in the Newton theory. In application to general relativity, we use the space model corresponding to the special four-dimensional space which is Euclidean with respect to space coordinates and Riemannian with respect to the time coordinate only. The obtained solution specifies two possible scenarios. First, sphere contraction results in the infinitely high density with the finite collapse time, which does not coincide with the conventional result corresponding to the Schwarzschild geometry. Second, sphere expansion with the velocity which increases with a distance from the sphere center and decreases with time.
文摘We have examined the theoretical implications of combining two main and three auxiliary ligands to form several Ir(Ⅲ)complexes featuring a transition metal as their core atom to identify some appropriate organic lightemitting diode(OLED)materials.By utilizing electronic structure,frontier molecular orbitals,minimum single-line absorption,triplet excited states,and emission spectral data derived from the density functional theory,the usefulness of these Ir(Ⅲ)complexes,including(piq)_(2)Ir(acac),(piq)_(2)Ir(tmd),(piq)_(2)Ir(tpip),(fpiq)_(2)Ir(acac),(fpiq)_(2)Ir(tmd),and(fpiq)_(2)Ir(tpip),in OLEDs was examined,where piq=1-phenylisoquinoline,fpiq=1-(4-fluorophenyl)isoquinoline,acac=(3Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one,tmd=(4Z)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one,and tpip=tetraphenylimido-diphosphonate.These complexes all have low-efficiency roll-off properties,especially(fpiq)_(2)Ir(tpip).Some researchers have successfully synthesized complexes extremely similar to(piq)_(2)Ir(acac)through the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2025YFB3003603the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12135002 and 12105209.
文摘By adopting stochastic density functional theory(SDFT)and mixed stochastic-deterministic density functional theory(MDFT)methods,we perform first-principles calculations to predict the shock Hugoniot curves of boron(pressure P=7.9×10^(3)-1.6×10^(6) GPa and temperature T=25-2800 eV),silicon(P=2.6×10^(3)-7.9×10^(5) GPa and T=21.5-1393 eV),and aluminum(P=5.2×10^(3)-9.0×10^(5) GPa and T=25-1393 eV)over wide ranges of pressure and temperature.In particular,we systematically investigate the impact of different cutoff radii in norm-conserving pseudopotentials on the calculated properties at elevated temperatures,such as pressure,ionization energy,and equation of state.By comparing the SDFT and MDFT results with those of other first-principles methods,such as extended first-principles molecular dynamics and path integral Monte Carlo methods,we find that the SDFT and MDFT methods show satisfactory precision,which advances our understanding of first-principles methods when applied to studies of matter at extremely high pressures and temperatures.
