The study investigated the effects of monetary rewards and punishments on the behavioral inhibition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)tendencies.The present study adopted the signal stoppi...The study investigated the effects of monetary rewards and punishments on the behavioral inhibition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)tendencies.The present study adopted the signal stopping task paradigm,with 66 children with ADHD tendencies as the research subjects.A mixed design of 2(reward and punishment type:reward,punishment)×2(stimulus type:monetary stimulus,social stimulus)was used.The analysis applied a between intervention group(with reward and punishment type variables)and within type of reward approach(by stimulus type as intra subject variables).The results showed that monetary punishment better promotes behavioral inhibition in children with an ADHD tendency than does reward.In addition,this study showed that monetary punishment and social rewards affected the speed–accuracy trade-off of inhibited behavior in children with an ADHD tendency.Thesefindings suggest that withdrawal of a material token resulted in more behavioural compliance in children with an ADHD tendency.展开更多
Further development of the technology for making moulding and core sands will be strictly limited by tough requirements due to protection of the natural environment. These tendencies are becoming more and more tense, ...Further development of the technology for making moulding and core sands will be strictly limited by tough requirements due to protection of the natural environment. These tendencies are becoming more and more tense, so that we will reach a point when even processes, that from technological point of view fulfill high requirements of the foundry industry, must be replaced by more ecologically-friendly solutions. Hence, technologies using synthetic resins as binding materials will be limited. This paper presents some predictable development tendencies of moulding and core sands. The increasing role of inorganic substances will be noticed, including silicate binders with significantly improved properties, such as improved knock-out property or higher reclamation strength. Other interesting solutions might also be moulding sands bonded by geo-polymers and phosphate binders or salts and also binders based on degradable biopolymers. These tendencies and the usefulness of these binders are put forward in this paper.展开更多
In 2010, China entered the advanced stage of industrialization, which coincided with the country＇s entry into a new stage of economic growth. However, this transition is associated with major risks, including adaptin...In 2010, China entered the advanced stage of industrialization, which coincided with the country＇s entry into a new stage of economic growth. However, this transition is associated with major risks, including adapting to decelerating economic growth. While recognizing the move toward a service-based economy, China must seek to prevent the risk of ＂manufacturing hollowing out. ＂＇ It must also avoid the ＂technology upgrade trap＂ while taking advantage of increasingly sophisticated industrial structures. Efforts must also be made to： （1） promote the integration of lT tools and meet risks arising from the New Industrial Revolution; （2） resolve liability risks arising from capacity reduction; and （3） expedite the transition to a functional industrial policy and prevent the failure of a functional industrial policy. In climbing up the global value chain, China must confront the competitive pressures from advanced and emerging economies on both high- and low-end processes of the global value chain.展开更多
capacity and creativity tendencies among Chinese baccalaureate nursing students.Design:Cross-sectional study design.Methods:A convenient sample of 445 baccalaureate nursing students were surveyed in two universities i...capacity and creativity tendencies among Chinese baccalaureate nursing students.Design:Cross-sectional study design.Methods:A convenient sample of 445 baccalaureate nursing students were surveyed in two universities in Tianjin,China.Students completed a questionnaire that included their demographic information,Achievement Motivation Scale,Meta-Learning Capacity Questionnaire,and Creativity Tendencies Scale.Pearson correlation was performed to test the correlation among achievement motivation,meta-learning capacity and creativity tendencies.Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of meta-learning capacity.Results:The participants had moderate levels of achievement motivation(mean score 2.383±0.240)and meta-learning capacity(mean score 1.505±0.241)and a medium-high level of creativity tendency(mean score 1.841±0.288).Creativity tendencies was significantly associated with both achievement motivation and meta-learning capacity(both P<0.01).Furthermore,meta-learning capacity mediated the relationship between achievement motivation and high creativity tendencies.Conclusion:The study hypotheses were supported.Higher achievement motivation,and meta-learning capacity can increase creativity tendencies of baccalaureate nursing students,and meta-learning capacity was found to mediate the relationship between achievement motivation and creativity tendencies.Nursing educators should pay attention to the positive role of meta-learning capacity in nursing students’learning,and make them more confident when they finish their studies.展开更多
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic poi...In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.展开更多
Possible Tendencies of World Pattern 1.'Eastward Power Shift'This is a matter of great concern for some of the people in American strategic circle.A decade and more after the'9/11'happens to witness th...Possible Tendencies of World Pattern 1.'Eastward Power Shift'This is a matter of great concern for some of the people in American strategic circle.A decade and more after the'9/11'happens to witness the process ofrapid development of China in becoming one of the emerging economies of the world.Since 2012,the country has overtaken Japan in terms of GDP.展开更多
US Presidential Election Reflects Major Changes in US PoliticsAt present,there have been quite a few assessments on the historical significance of US Presidential Election2016 for political change in the United States...US Presidential Election Reflects Major Changes in US PoliticsAt present,there have been quite a few assessments on the historical significance of US Presidential Election2016 for political change in the United States,all of which be it high or low point to a new departure point or turning point in US politics.First,the Election reflects major changes in the power pattern展开更多
Coronavirus,our new chemical enemy,have become successful in changing our lives to an extent that now we have to think twice before stepping out of house.It has impacted negatively on not only our physical healt...Coronavirus,our new chemical enemy,have become successful in changing our lives to an extent that now we have to think twice before stepping out of house.It has impacted negatively on not only our physical health but also psychological health.The current study was done to see the impact of coronavirus related anxiety on depressive tendencies.Further,it was assessed whether there is any interaction between gender and coronavirus anxiety on depressive tendencies.The linear regression indicated that coronavirus anxiety is strongly related to depressive tendencies and that the coronavirus anxiety is a predictor of depressive tendency.However,two-way ANOVA indicated that there is an insignificant difference as to how males and females face depressive tendencies.Finally,there is insignificant interaction between gender and coronavirus anxiety on depressive tendencies.The implications,limitations and future suggestions are also given on the basis of the findings so obtained.展开更多
Ten development tendencies and strategies of acupuncture in the 21st century were discussed in the paper.① Legislation is the trend in the development of internationalization of Chines medicine and acupuncture.② The...Ten development tendencies and strategies of acupuncture in the 21st century were discussed in the paper.① Legislation is the trend in the development of internationalization of Chines medicine and acupuncture.② The reform in the theory of Chinese Medicine, Herbal Formulas, and Clinical practice is the trend in the internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine.③Standardization of Chinese Medicine and acupuncture will seek common ground while reserving differences.④There will be more and more experienced TCM practitioners overseas⑤ The integration and expansion of Overseas TCM institutions.⑥Protection of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture intellectual property will be taken seriously.⑦ Diverse development of oversea TCM acupuncture education.⑧The non-substitutability of the inheritance of TCM acupuncture manipulation techniques.⑨ The internet, digital media technologies, and risk investment will promote the globalization process of TCM and acupuncture.⑩ China as the cradle of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine boosts the globalization process of TCM acupuncture.展开更多
In recent years, more and more western films have been introduced into China. With its coming, quite a few people have tried translating the subtitles to help those unfamiliar with foreign languages better understand ...In recent years, more and more western films have been introduced into China. With its coming, quite a few people have tried translating the subtitles to help those unfamiliar with foreign languages better understand the films. Some of their works are good. At the same time, some people have done research concerning FST to successfully put forward some strategies and methods to help those film subtitle translators. They see into FST from different perspectives such as the Skopostheory, the Functional Equivalence theory and the Relevance Theory. However, few people tried researching FST from a cultural perspective.The author decides to probe into FST from an entirely new perspective. In this paper, the author introduces Hall's High and Low Context theory and puts forward four tendencies in FST.展开更多
This paper performs the density functional theory calculations to obtain some factors influencing the response of pyrochlores Gd2B207 （B = Ti, Sn, Zr） to ion irradiation-induced amorphization. The 48f oxygen positio...This paper performs the density functional theory calculations to obtain some factors influencing the response of pyrochlores Gd2B207 （B = Ti, Sn, Zr） to ion irradiation-induced amorphization. The 48f oxygen position parameter x, cohesive energy, bond type and defect-formation energy are discussed. The results show that parameter x can be used to indicate the disordering tendencies within a given pyrochlore family. Bond type, cohesive energy and defect-formation energies can be used to explain some experimental observations, but they are not determined exclusively by radiation ＂resistance＂ for a different pyrochlore family.展开更多
The complexity of the Moroccan language landscape sparks off a power struggle between languages. The focus in this chapter is on the apparent French/English language contest over supremacy. Here comes the current inve...The complexity of the Moroccan language landscape sparks off a power struggle between languages. The focus in this chapter is on the apparent French/English language contest over supremacy. Here comes the current investigation that aims at gauging Moroccan’s perceptions of French and English through a language questionnaire.Responses were subjected to statistical analyses to support or reject the hypothesis that gender, age and language proficiency affect Moroccans’ evaluations of French and English.The study reveals that Moroccans’ attitudes towards English are significantly more favorable than those towards the French language. Age, but not gender, has turned out to have a statistically significant difference in the overall evaluation of French and English.These evaluations have also been shown to correlate with the respondents’ French and English language proficiency. The result of this study is an indication that Moroccans’attitudes toward French and English are undergoing a change from a conventional preference for French to a recent favor of English whose phenomenal growth globally may have affected language attitudes locally.展开更多
Purpose:This study intends to evaluate the regional tendencies of research collaboration of social sciences in China,and shows the pattern of China’s inter-regional research collaboration(IRRC).Design/methodology/app...Purpose:This study intends to evaluate the regional tendencies of research collaboration of social sciences in China,and shows the pattern of China’s inter-regional research collaboration(IRRC).Design/methodology/approach:By using 10 years’ data of 150 economic journals in CNKI database,this paper used the Salton index as the indicator to measure the collaborative intensity of 31 regions in China.Findings:First,regional tendencies of research collaboration in social sciences do exist in China.Second,there is a positive correlation between collaborative tendency and regional scientific productivity.Every region would like to cooperate with high productive regions,and high productive regions tend to have collaborations within the region itself.Third,geographical proximity is an important factor affecting China’s IRRC.Research limitations:There are many other important external conditions which may affect research collaboration,but not all of them have been taken into account in this research.Practical implications:The proposed method can be also applied to detect cooperation preference of different authors,scientific research institutions and countries.And the study will help us understand the importance of distance in scholarly cooperation.Originality/value:Previous researches proved that regional research collaborations exist in natural sciences in China,while this research showed that the same phenomenon also appears in social sciences in China.展开更多
The kinetics of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of three types of single-chain carbo- xylic acids, namely, saturated, olefinic and acetylenic, was investigated in two aquiorgano binary sol- vent systems, DMSO-H...The kinetics of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of three types of single-chain carbo- xylic acids, namely, saturated, olefinic and acetylenic, was investigated in two aquiorgano binary sol- vent systems, DMSO-H_2O and dioxane (DX)-H_2O. The ester probes used are: octanoie (C8), do- decanoic (C12), stearic (C18), oleic (C18-ol), elaidic (C18-el) and stearolic (C18-st). The order of measured CAgC values is: C18-ol>C18-el>C18>C18-st, whereas the order of decreasing magnitude of the observed hydrolytic rate constants of the monomeric species (km) is: C18 >C18-el>C18-ol> C18-st. These rather unanticipated results are discussed.展开更多
The coaggregating tendencies of the culprits of arteriosclerosis, the cholesteryl esters (CE-n's), have been investigated in the 40:60 V/V (Φ= 0.40) dioxane (DX)-H2O system, by using decyl pyrenyl ketone (Py-11) ...The coaggregating tendencies of the culprits of arteriosclerosis, the cholesteryl esters (CE-n's), have been investigated in the 40:60 V/V (Φ= 0.40) dioxane (DX)-H2O system, by using decyl pyrenyl ketone (Py-11) as the fluorescence probe. The fluorescence intensity of Py-11 decreases when coaggregation occurs between CE-n and Py-11, because of the low polarity of the microenviroment of the coaggregates. The order of the coaggregating tendencies obtained from the fluorescence data is in full agreement with that from the kinetic method, i.e., CE-ol, CE-in > CE-12 > CE-8 > CE-18 > CE-0.展开更多
A mathematical model coupling flow,solidification,strain-stress,and interface failure was developed.Following identification of crack source type through thermal tensile experiment and validation by strain-stress comp...A mathematical model coupling flow,solidification,strain-stress,and interface failure was developed.Following identification of crack source type through thermal tensile experiment and validation by strain-stress comparison,the model was used to investigate slab cracking tendency near precipitated phases,considering various locations,sizes and shapes of them.The results show that the jet from submerged entry nozzle creates a“double roll”flow pattern during continuous casting,resulting in more uniform temperature distributions at slab corner and wide surface center compared with narrow surface center.Consequently,precipitated phases,particularly those located on the narrow surface,readily induce stress concentration and thus increase cracking tendency.A smaller precipitated phase size can reduce the stress concentration zone,while a more spherical shape can distribute surrounding stress along its surface and lower the internal stress within it,thereby decreasing the risk of slab cracking during continuous casting.The optimal precipitated phase exhibits a spherical or ellipsoidal shape with a major axis of less than 5µm,minimizing its potential to initiate cracks.展开更多
Deeply buried mountain tunnels are often exposed to the risk of rock bursts,which always cause serious damage to the supporting structures and threaten the safety of the engineers.Due to the limited data available,a s...Deeply buried mountain tunnels are often exposed to the risk of rock bursts,which always cause serious damage to the supporting structures and threaten the safety of the engineers.Due to the limited data available,a suitable approach to predict the rockburst tendency at the preliminary stage becomes very important.In this study,an integrated methodology combining 3D initial stress inversion and rockburst tendency prediction was developed and subsequently applied to a case study of the Sangzhuling Tunnel on the Sichuan–Tibet Railway.The numerical modelling involved inverting the initial stress field using a multiple linear regression method.The tunnel excavation was simulated separately by FDM and DEM,based on a stress boundary condition from the inverted stress field.The comparative analysis demonstrates that the rockburst ratio calculated using DEM(76.70%)exhibits a slight increase compared to FDM(75.38%),and the rockburst location is consistent with the actual situation.This suggests that DEM is more suitable for simulating the stress redistribution during excavation in a jointed rock mass.The numerical simulation combined with the deviatoric stress approach effectively predicts rockburst tendency,meeting the engineering requirements.Despite its limitations,numerical simulation remains a reliable method for predicting rock bursts.展开更多
A numerical simulation was performed using the Thompson microphysics scheme to preliminarily investigate the features of the microphysical processes involved in the record-breaking rainfall event that occurred in Hena...A numerical simulation was performed using the Thompson microphysics scheme to preliminarily investigate the features of the microphysical processes involved in the record-breaking rainfall event that occurred in Henan Province,China,on 20 July 2021.The simulation results showed that a strong meso-𝛾-scale vortical updraft was concurrent with the torrential rainfall.The main finding is that this event was characterized by typical midlatitude warm-rain processes.The simulation with the Thompson microphysics scheme further indicated that highly efficient collision-coalescence of cloud water to rainwater resulted in a considerably active rain droplet growth,leading to this record-breaking rainfall event.展开更多
基金supported by the National General Projects in 2020 of the 13th Five Year Plan of National Education Science in China:A Study on Attention Training Interventions for ADHD Children in Regular Classes from the Perspective of Educational Neuroscience(BHA200123).
文摘The study investigated the effects of monetary rewards and punishments on the behavioral inhibition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)tendencies.The present study adopted the signal stopping task paradigm,with 66 children with ADHD tendencies as the research subjects.A mixed design of 2(reward and punishment type:reward,punishment)×2(stimulus type:monetary stimulus,social stimulus)was used.The analysis applied a between intervention group(with reward and punishment type variables)and within type of reward approach(by stimulus type as intra subject variables).The results showed that monetary punishment better promotes behavioral inhibition in children with an ADHD tendency than does reward.In addition,this study showed that monetary punishment and social rewards affected the speed–accuracy trade-off of inhibited behavior in children with an ADHD tendency.Thesefindings suggest that withdrawal of a material token resulted in more behavioural compliance in children with an ADHD tendency.
文摘Further development of the technology for making moulding and core sands will be strictly limited by tough requirements due to protection of the natural environment. These tendencies are becoming more and more tense, so that we will reach a point when even processes, that from technological point of view fulfill high requirements of the foundry industry, must be replaced by more ecologically-friendly solutions. Hence, technologies using synthetic resins as binding materials will be limited. This paper presents some predictable development tendencies of moulding and core sands. The increasing role of inorganic substances will be noticed, including silicate binders with significantly improved properties, such as improved knock-out property or higher reclamation strength. Other interesting solutions might also be moulding sands bonded by geo-polymers and phosphate binders or salts and also binders based on degradable biopolymers. These tendencies and the usefulness of these binders are put forward in this paper.
文摘In 2010, China entered the advanced stage of industrialization, which coincided with the country＇s entry into a new stage of economic growth. However, this transition is associated with major risks, including adapting to decelerating economic growth. While recognizing the move toward a service-based economy, China must seek to prevent the risk of ＂manufacturing hollowing out. ＂＇ It must also avoid the ＂technology upgrade trap＂ while taking advantage of increasingly sophisticated industrial structures. Efforts must also be made to： （1） promote the integration of lT tools and meet risks arising from the New Industrial Revolution; （2） resolve liability risks arising from capacity reduction; and （3） expedite the transition to a functional industrial policy and prevent the failure of a functional industrial policy. In climbing up the global value chain, China must confront the competitive pressures from advanced and emerging economies on both high- and low-end processes of the global value chain.
文摘capacity and creativity tendencies among Chinese baccalaureate nursing students.Design:Cross-sectional study design.Methods:A convenient sample of 445 baccalaureate nursing students were surveyed in two universities in Tianjin,China.Students completed a questionnaire that included their demographic information,Achievement Motivation Scale,Meta-Learning Capacity Questionnaire,and Creativity Tendencies Scale.Pearson correlation was performed to test the correlation among achievement motivation,meta-learning capacity and creativity tendencies.Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of meta-learning capacity.Results:The participants had moderate levels of achievement motivation(mean score 2.383±0.240)and meta-learning capacity(mean score 1.505±0.241)and a medium-high level of creativity tendency(mean score 1.841±0.288).Creativity tendencies was significantly associated with both achievement motivation and meta-learning capacity(both P<0.01).Furthermore,meta-learning capacity mediated the relationship between achievement motivation and high creativity tendencies.Conclusion:The study hypotheses were supported.Higher achievement motivation,and meta-learning capacity can increase creativity tendencies of baccalaureate nursing students,and meta-learning capacity was found to mediate the relationship between achievement motivation and creativity tendencies.Nursing educators should pay attention to the positive role of meta-learning capacity in nursing students’learning,and make them more confident when they finish their studies.
文摘In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.
文摘Possible Tendencies of World Pattern 1.'Eastward Power Shift'This is a matter of great concern for some of the people in American strategic circle.A decade and more after the'9/11'happens to witness the process ofrapid development of China in becoming one of the emerging economies of the world.Since 2012,the country has overtaken Japan in terms of GDP.
文摘US Presidential Election Reflects Major Changes in US PoliticsAt present,there have been quite a few assessments on the historical significance of US Presidential Election2016 for political change in the United States,all of which be it high or low point to a new departure point or turning point in US politics.First,the Election reflects major changes in the power pattern
文摘Coronavirus,our new chemical enemy,have become successful in changing our lives to an extent that now we have to think twice before stepping out of house.It has impacted negatively on not only our physical health but also psychological health.The current study was done to see the impact of coronavirus related anxiety on depressive tendencies.Further,it was assessed whether there is any interaction between gender and coronavirus anxiety on depressive tendencies.The linear regression indicated that coronavirus anxiety is strongly related to depressive tendencies and that the coronavirus anxiety is a predictor of depressive tendency.However,two-way ANOVA indicated that there is an insignificant difference as to how males and females face depressive tendencies.Finally,there is insignificant interaction between gender and coronavirus anxiety on depressive tendencies.The implications,limitations and future suggestions are also given on the basis of the findings so obtained.
文摘Ten development tendencies and strategies of acupuncture in the 21st century were discussed in the paper.① Legislation is the trend in the development of internationalization of Chines medicine and acupuncture.② The reform in the theory of Chinese Medicine, Herbal Formulas, and Clinical practice is the trend in the internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine.③Standardization of Chinese Medicine and acupuncture will seek common ground while reserving differences.④There will be more and more experienced TCM practitioners overseas⑤ The integration and expansion of Overseas TCM institutions.⑥Protection of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture intellectual property will be taken seriously.⑦ Diverse development of oversea TCM acupuncture education.⑧The non-substitutability of the inheritance of TCM acupuncture manipulation techniques.⑨ The internet, digital media technologies, and risk investment will promote the globalization process of TCM and acupuncture.⑩ China as the cradle of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine boosts the globalization process of TCM acupuncture.
文摘In recent years, more and more western films have been introduced into China. With its coming, quite a few people have tried translating the subtitles to help those unfamiliar with foreign languages better understand the films. Some of their works are good. At the same time, some people have done research concerning FST to successfully put forward some strategies and methods to help those film subtitle translators. They see into FST from different perspectives such as the Skopostheory, the Functional Equivalence theory and the Relevance Theory. However, few people tried researching FST from a cultural perspective.The author decides to probe into FST from an entirely new perspective. In this paper, the author introduces Hall's High and Low Context theory and puts forward four tendencies in FST.
文摘This paper performs the density functional theory calculations to obtain some factors influencing the response of pyrochlores Gd2B207 （B = Ti, Sn, Zr） to ion irradiation-induced amorphization. The 48f oxygen position parameter x, cohesive energy, bond type and defect-formation energy are discussed. The results show that parameter x can be used to indicate the disordering tendencies within a given pyrochlore family. Bond type, cohesive energy and defect-formation energies can be used to explain some experimental observations, but they are not determined exclusively by radiation ＂resistance＂ for a different pyrochlore family.
文摘The complexity of the Moroccan language landscape sparks off a power struggle between languages. The focus in this chapter is on the apparent French/English language contest over supremacy. Here comes the current investigation that aims at gauging Moroccan’s perceptions of French and English through a language questionnaire.Responses were subjected to statistical analyses to support or reject the hypothesis that gender, age and language proficiency affect Moroccans’ evaluations of French and English.The study reveals that Moroccans’ attitudes towards English are significantly more favorable than those towards the French language. Age, but not gender, has turned out to have a statistically significant difference in the overall evaluation of French and English.These evaluations have also been shown to correlate with the respondents’ French and English language proficiency. The result of this study is an indication that Moroccans’attitudes toward French and English are undergoing a change from a conventional preference for French to a recent favor of English whose phenomenal growth globally may have affected language attitudes locally.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:11CTQ007)
文摘Purpose:This study intends to evaluate the regional tendencies of research collaboration of social sciences in China,and shows the pattern of China’s inter-regional research collaboration(IRRC).Design/methodology/approach:By using 10 years’ data of 150 economic journals in CNKI database,this paper used the Salton index as the indicator to measure the collaborative intensity of 31 regions in China.Findings:First,regional tendencies of research collaboration in social sciences do exist in China.Second,there is a positive correlation between collaborative tendency and regional scientific productivity.Every region would like to cooperate with high productive regions,and high productive regions tend to have collaborations within the region itself.Third,geographical proximity is an important factor affecting China’s IRRC.Research limitations:There are many other important external conditions which may affect research collaboration,but not all of them have been taken into account in this research.Practical implications:The proposed method can be also applied to detect cooperation preference of different authors,scientific research institutions and countries.And the study will help us understand the importance of distance in scholarly cooperation.Originality/value:Previous researches proved that regional research collaborations exist in natural sciences in China,while this research showed that the same phenomenon also appears in social sciences in China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The kinetics of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of three types of single-chain carbo- xylic acids, namely, saturated, olefinic and acetylenic, was investigated in two aquiorgano binary sol- vent systems, DMSO-H_2O and dioxane (DX)-H_2O. The ester probes used are: octanoie (C8), do- decanoic (C12), stearic (C18), oleic (C18-ol), elaidic (C18-el) and stearolic (C18-st). The order of measured CAgC values is: C18-ol>C18-el>C18>C18-st, whereas the order of decreasing magnitude of the observed hydrolytic rate constants of the monomeric species (km) is: C18 >C18-el>C18-ol> C18-st. These rather unanticipated results are discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The coaggregating tendencies of the culprits of arteriosclerosis, the cholesteryl esters (CE-n's), have been investigated in the 40:60 V/V (Φ= 0.40) dioxane (DX)-H2O system, by using decyl pyrenyl ketone (Py-11) as the fluorescence probe. The fluorescence intensity of Py-11 decreases when coaggregation occurs between CE-n and Py-11, because of the low polarity of the microenviroment of the coaggregates. The order of the coaggregating tendencies obtained from the fluorescence data is in full agreement with that from the kinetic method, i.e., CE-ol, CE-in > CE-12 > CE-8 > CE-18 > CE-0.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52325406 and 52374330)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2225046).
文摘A mathematical model coupling flow,solidification,strain-stress,and interface failure was developed.Following identification of crack source type through thermal tensile experiment and validation by strain-stress comparison,the model was used to investigate slab cracking tendency near precipitated phases,considering various locations,sizes and shapes of them.The results show that the jet from submerged entry nozzle creates a“double roll”flow pattern during continuous casting,resulting in more uniform temperature distributions at slab corner and wide surface center compared with narrow surface center.Consequently,precipitated phases,particularly those located on the narrow surface,readily induce stress concentration and thus increase cracking tendency.A smaller precipitated phase size can reduce the stress concentration zone,while a more spherical shape can distribute surrounding stress along its surface and lower the internal stress within it,thereby decreasing the risk of slab cracking during continuous casting.The optimal precipitated phase exhibits a spherical or ellipsoidal shape with a major axis of less than 5µm,minimizing its potential to initiate cracks.
基金financially supported by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology)(Grant No.SKLGP2020Z007)。
文摘Deeply buried mountain tunnels are often exposed to the risk of rock bursts,which always cause serious damage to the supporting structures and threaten the safety of the engineers.Due to the limited data available,a suitable approach to predict the rockburst tendency at the preliminary stage becomes very important.In this study,an integrated methodology combining 3D initial stress inversion and rockburst tendency prediction was developed and subsequently applied to a case study of the Sangzhuling Tunnel on the Sichuan–Tibet Railway.The numerical modelling involved inverting the initial stress field using a multiple linear regression method.The tunnel excavation was simulated separately by FDM and DEM,based on a stress boundary condition from the inverted stress field.The comparative analysis demonstrates that the rockburst ratio calculated using DEM(76.70%)exhibits a slight increase compared to FDM(75.38%),and the rockburst location is consistent with the actual situation.This suggests that DEM is more suitable for simulating the stress redistribution during excavation in a jointed rock mass.The numerical simulation combined with the deviatoric stress approach effectively predicts rockburst tendency,meeting the engineering requirements.Despite its limitations,numerical simulation remains a reliable method for predicting rock bursts.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers U2342202 and 42175005]the Qing Lan Project[grant number R2023Q06]。
文摘A numerical simulation was performed using the Thompson microphysics scheme to preliminarily investigate the features of the microphysical processes involved in the record-breaking rainfall event that occurred in Henan Province,China,on 20 July 2021.The simulation results showed that a strong meso-𝛾-scale vortical updraft was concurrent with the torrential rainfall.The main finding is that this event was characterized by typical midlatitude warm-rain processes.The simulation with the Thompson microphysics scheme further indicated that highly efficient collision-coalescence of cloud water to rainwater resulted in a considerably active rain droplet growth,leading to this record-breaking rainfall event.
