Microalgae have been recommended as superior candidate for fuel production because of their advantages of higher photosynthetic efficiency, biomass & lipid productivity, and faster growth rate as compared to other...Microalgae have been recommended as superior candidate for fuel production because of their advantages of higher photosynthetic efficiency, biomass & lipid productivity, and faster growth rate as compared to other energy crops. To meet up all these criteria, we have developed a continuous outdoor micro-algal raceway pond reactor(RPR) and a lab scale indoor tubular photo bioreactor(PBR) for biofuel production. An attempt to utilise indigenous sources of nutrients to improve the economics also revealed that micro-algal culturing can also be used as a mode of nutrient removal and water treatment. The photosynthetic rate and lipid production were enhanced by arresting daytime cell division and promoting night-time cell division. A 50% lipid improvement was observed for the particular algal consortia. Microscopic studies revealed that temporal phase separation could be achieved by adjusting nutrient distribution pattern. To monitor temporal phase separation, it is required to know DNA multiplication model. Quantification of g DNA in RPR confirmed that cell division happens during the night which positively affects the photosynthetic efficiency and lipid productivity of microalgae.展开更多
Dear Editor,Dichogamy is a temporal reproductive strategy in which male and female reproductive organs mature at different times,preventing self-fertilization and promoting outcrossing to maintain genetic diversity an...Dear Editor,Dichogamy is a temporal reproductive strategy in which male and female reproductive organs mature at different times,preventing self-fertilization and promoting outcrossing to maintain genetic diversity and support evolutionary adaptation(Goodwillie et al.,2005;Lee et al.,2018).Dichogamous species have evolved diverse and complex mating strategies,one of which involves the temporal separation of male and female reproductive phases within a single flower.Dichogamy has two main subtypes:protandry(PA)and protogyny(PG).In the context of a bisexual flower,PA occurs when the stamen matures and releases pollen before the stigma becomes receptive.PG is the reverse process,in which the pistil becomes receptive before the anther releases pollen.These phenomena,which were historically referred to as male-female and female-male sequences,have now been renamed PA and PG,respectively(Li et al.,2002;Li et al.,2001a;Li et al.,2001b).A number of Zingiberaceae species exhibit PA and PG morphs in bisexual flowers through stylar behavior(flexistyly)during flowering to encourage outcrossing.展开更多
Soliton molecules(SMs)are bound states of two or more fundamental solitons arising from the balance between nonlinear interactions and dispersion effects.SMs are the focus of intense research and have sparked numerous...Soliton molecules(SMs)are bound states of two or more fundamental solitons arising from the balance between nonlinear interactions and dispersion effects.SMs are the focus of intense research and have sparked numerous applications in optical communication,including coding,storage,and exchange.However,it remains challenging to experimentally produce SMs with the required pulse number and temporal separation in mode-locked fiber lasers owning to the gap between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results.Here,we achieve controllable output of SMs by utilizing a plasmonic metafiber and external manipulation techniques.Plasmonic metafibers with superior nonlinear performance are used as saturable absorbers to realize soliton mode-locking operation with femtosecond pulse duration.Regulation of pump power and polarization enables switching of pulse number from one to five and temporal separation from 4 ps to 10 ps,respectively.An analytical model based on the nonlinear Schroinger equation is well established,effectively bridging the gap between experimental results and theoretical predictions.Our results shed light on the understanding of the formation mechanism,transport properties,and free regulation of SMs.展开更多
Despite the growing interest in exploring the interdisciplinary collaboration patterns and the factors in relation to team assembly in the first place, the dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration with time varying...Despite the growing interest in exploring the interdisciplinary collaboration patterns and the factors in relation to team assembly in the first place, the dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration with time varying is hardly known. Based on the longitudinally co-authorship network perspective, the paper investigates the evolutionary dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration using separable temporal exponential-family random graph model(STERGM). The results from STERGM show that structural properties, properties of researcher and link properties affect the evolution of interdisciplinary co-authorship network to varying degrees. Network transitivity and preferential attachment play a decisive role in formation of links and hamper dissolution of ties in the network. The number of collaborators of interdisciplinary researchers plays an active role in the formation of partnerships and hamper dissolution of partnerships in the initial stage;specialization of team members inhibits the establishment of collaborative relationship in the initial stage and promotes the dissolution of connections in the later stage of project;the large difference in specialization value between members is not conducive to the formation of relations in the initial stage, but conducive to the maintenance of collaborative relations after links establishment. The same discipline background is conducive to the formation of relations but not conducive to the maintenance of collaborative relationships in interdisciplinary co-author network.展开更多
基金part of CSIR-NMITLI project“Biofuel from marine microalgae”,at NIIST by Dr.Ajit Haridas
文摘Microalgae have been recommended as superior candidate for fuel production because of their advantages of higher photosynthetic efficiency, biomass & lipid productivity, and faster growth rate as compared to other energy crops. To meet up all these criteria, we have developed a continuous outdoor micro-algal raceway pond reactor(RPR) and a lab scale indoor tubular photo bioreactor(PBR) for biofuel production. An attempt to utilise indigenous sources of nutrients to improve the economics also revealed that micro-algal culturing can also be used as a mode of nutrient removal and water treatment. The photosynthetic rate and lipid production were enhanced by arresting daytime cell division and promoting night-time cell division. A 50% lipid improvement was observed for the particular algal consortia. Microscopic studies revealed that temporal phase separation could be achieved by adjusting nutrient distribution pattern. To monitor temporal phase separation, it is required to know DNA multiplication model. Quantification of g DNA in RPR confirmed that cell division happens during the night which positively affects the photosynthetic efficiency and lipid productivity of microalgae.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E002)the YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs(2019ZG009)the National Science and Technology Resource Sharing Service Platform Project(NTPGRC2023-01).
文摘Dear Editor,Dichogamy is a temporal reproductive strategy in which male and female reproductive organs mature at different times,preventing self-fertilization and promoting outcrossing to maintain genetic diversity and support evolutionary adaptation(Goodwillie et al.,2005;Lee et al.,2018).Dichogamous species have evolved diverse and complex mating strategies,one of which involves the temporal separation of male and female reproductive phases within a single flower.Dichogamy has two main subtypes:protandry(PA)and protogyny(PG).In the context of a bisexual flower,PA occurs when the stamen matures and releases pollen before the stigma becomes receptive.PG is the reverse process,in which the pistil becomes receptive before the anther releases pollen.These phenomena,which were historically referred to as male-female and female-male sequences,have now been renamed PA and PG,respectively(Li et al.,2002;Li et al.,2001a;Li et al.,2001b).A number of Zingiberaceae species exhibit PA and PG morphs in bisexual flowers through stylar behavior(flexistyly)during flowering to encourage outcrossing.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant 1252023)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(grant 2024Z073051005)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,China.
文摘Soliton molecules(SMs)are bound states of two or more fundamental solitons arising from the balance between nonlinear interactions and dispersion effects.SMs are the focus of intense research and have sparked numerous applications in optical communication,including coding,storage,and exchange.However,it remains challenging to experimentally produce SMs with the required pulse number and temporal separation in mode-locked fiber lasers owning to the gap between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results.Here,we achieve controllable output of SMs by utilizing a plasmonic metafiber and external manipulation techniques.Plasmonic metafibers with superior nonlinear performance are used as saturable absorbers to realize soliton mode-locking operation with femtosecond pulse duration.Regulation of pump power and polarization enables switching of pulse number from one to five and temporal separation from 4 ps to 10 ps,respectively.An analytical model based on the nonlinear Schroinger equation is well established,effectively bridging the gap between experimental results and theoretical predictions.Our results shed light on the understanding of the formation mechanism,transport properties,and free regulation of SMs.
文摘Despite the growing interest in exploring the interdisciplinary collaboration patterns and the factors in relation to team assembly in the first place, the dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration with time varying is hardly known. Based on the longitudinally co-authorship network perspective, the paper investigates the evolutionary dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration using separable temporal exponential-family random graph model(STERGM). The results from STERGM show that structural properties, properties of researcher and link properties affect the evolution of interdisciplinary co-authorship network to varying degrees. Network transitivity and preferential attachment play a decisive role in formation of links and hamper dissolution of ties in the network. The number of collaborators of interdisciplinary researchers plays an active role in the formation of partnerships and hamper dissolution of partnerships in the initial stage;specialization of team members inhibits the establishment of collaborative relationship in the initial stage and promotes the dissolution of connections in the later stage of project;the large difference in specialization value between members is not conducive to the formation of relations in the initial stage, but conducive to the maintenance of collaborative relations after links establishment. The same discipline background is conducive to the formation of relations but not conducive to the maintenance of collaborative relationships in interdisciplinary co-author network.
