Tuberculosis(TB)remained the first leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide in 2023,resulting in nearly twice as many deaths as those caused by the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune d...Tuberculosis(TB)remained the first leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide in 2023,resulting in nearly twice as many deaths as those caused by the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome.An estimated 10.8 million TB cases were reported globally in 2023,with approximately 1.25 million associated deaths.In China,which ranks third in the global TB burden,there were approximately 741,000 new cases and 25,000 deaths in 2023^([1]).TB poses a significant threat to human health worldwide.展开更多
Climate change and human interference play significant roles on dynamic of water body abundance,and drive related hydrological,biochemical and social/economic processes.Documenting and monitoring surface water area wi...Climate change and human interference play significant roles on dynamic of water body abundance,and drive related hydrological,biochemical and social/economic processes.Documenting and monitoring surface water area with high resolution multi-temporal satellite imagery provide new perspective to evaluate the dynamics of surface water area,especially in continental and global scale.In this study,based on the Landsat images from 1980 s to 2015,we surveyed the spatial and temporal variation of surface water area,including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,in 10-yr temporal slice across China.Furthermore,the driving forces of the variation has been identified to reveal the interaction of water bodies and the changing environment.The results show that,the water surface area expanded over all three decades with strong spatial and temporal difference,despite the drier and warmer climate background;although lakes comprise the largest portion of the surface water area,the highest contributor of surface water expansion was new constructed reservoir located in the densely populated region;climatic parameters alteration,like precipitation and temperature,resulted in the water surface expansion in the northwestern basin by growing water input linked with rain and glacier melting;in the rest part of China,rise of water surface area was predominately attributed to human relocation of water resource,which yielded more new water storage area than the disappeared water body caused by less precipitation and stronger evapotranspiration.The conclusions highlight the integrative water resource management,especially in water conservation and restoration.展开更多
Inferring unknown social trust relations attracts increasing attention in recent years. However, social trust, as a social concept, is intrinsically dynamic, and exploiting temporal dynamics provides challenges and op...Inferring unknown social trust relations attracts increasing attention in recent years. However, social trust, as a social concept, is intrinsically dynamic, and exploiting temporal dynamics provides challenges and opportunities for social trust prediction. In this paper, we investigate social trust prediction by exploiting temporal dynamics. In particular, we model the dynamics of user preferences in two principled ways. The first one focuses on temporal weight; the second one targets temporal smoothness. By incorporating these two types of temporal dynamics into traditional matrix factorization based social trust prediction model, two extended social trust prediction models are proposed and the cor- responding algorithms to solve the models are designed too. We conduct experiments on a real-world dataset and the results dem- onstrate the effectiveness of our proposed new models. Further experiments are also conducted to understand the importance of temporal dynamics in social trust prediction.展开更多
Carabid beetles,predatory insects,are abundant in forests and sensitive to environmental changes.The distribution patterns and diversity of carabid beetles in several natural forests were studied to provide a basis fo...Carabid beetles,predatory insects,are abundant in forests and sensitive to environmental changes.The distribution patterns and diversity of carabid beetles in several natural forests were studied to provide a basis for evaluating the importance of a forest in the protection of carabid beetle diversity.Carabids were captured by pitfall traps during their seasonal activity from 2012 to 2013 in a poplar-birch forest,ash-walnut forest and broad-leaved Korean pine forest.A total of 5252 individuals,representing 21 species,were collected.Carabid abundance was highest in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest and lowest in the ash-walnut forest.Carabus billbergi Mannerheim and Pterostichus pertinax(Tschitscherine)were the dominant beetle species in each stand.Carabus canaliculatus Adams was dominant in the poplar-birch and ash-walnut forests,and Leistus niger Gebler was dominant in the ash-walnut forest.The carabids were affected differently by stand factors.C.billbergi and P.pertinax was positively correlated with mean DBH.C.canaliculatus and L.niger were not positively correlated with any stand factors.The broad-leaved Korean pine forest with greater age,large DBH and thick leaf litter fostered a high diversity of carabid species.The main yearly activity period for most carabids was during July.Different carabid species responded differently to seasonality,and the activity period of several species was relatively late(August)in the year.展开更多
Forest loss impacts local climate through biophysical processes.However,our understanding of this impact remains limited due to the neglect of its temporal dynamics.Using a space-and-time scheme that incorporates a ch...Forest loss impacts local climate through biophysical processes.However,our understanding of this impact remains limited due to the neglect of its temporal dynamics.Using a space-and-time scheme that incorporates a change-detection method,we assess the dynamics of land surface temperature(LST)responses to various forest-loss types.Globally,LST increased by 0.12 K one year after forest loss,followed by a decreasing trend of0.14 K per decade.Deforestation driven by commodity production and urbanization results in persistent warming,while forest disturbances such as shifting agriculture,forestry,and fire trigger diverse response dynamics with significant spatial variation due to differences in subsequent vegetation recovery.These disturbances cause attenuated warming in low and mid-latitudes,while,in the boreal zone,contrasting dynamics are observed:shifting agriculture causes attenuated cooling,whereas forestry and fire result in enhanced cooling.In addition to amplifying the amplitude of the LST seasonal cycle,forest loss also shifts the seasonal phase,which has not been previously reported.These findings demonstrate that climate feedback from forest loss is climate specific,loss-type dependent,and time varying,providing new insights for the development of local climate policies.展开更多
Physical reservoir computing(PRC)offers an effective computing paradigm for spatiotemporal information processing with low training costs.Achieving controllable regulation over the temporal dynamics of devices to meet...Physical reservoir computing(PRC)offers an effective computing paradigm for spatiotemporal information processing with low training costs.Achieving controllable regulation over the temporal dynamics of devices to meet the computational demands of each physical layer is a key challenge for realizing highperformance PRC chips.Here,we proposed a homogeneously integrated all-PRC with tunable temporal dynamics.Utilizing the modulation effect of oxygen vacancies on the energy barrier of the pentacene/ZnO interface,shortterm memory,and long-term memory switching characteristics have been achieved within the same device structure.Furthermore,by altering the gate voltage,the reservoir exhibited a broad range ratio of temporal characteristics(>10^(2)),which provides the potential to map information with different temporal characteristics.Inspired by the process of encoding and reconstructing spatiotemporal information in the human visual system,a biomimetic obstacle recognition system has been constructed to assist visually impaired individuals in walking,demonstrating excellent accuracy in obstacle types(100%)and distances(97.2%)recognition.This work offers a promising avenue for the development of an integrated PRC system with multi-timescale information processing capability.展开更多
Tenebrionid beetles represent a crucial arthropod taxon in the Gobi desert ecosystems owing to their species richness and high biomass,both of which are essential for maintaining ecosystem health and stability.However...Tenebrionid beetles represent a crucial arthropod taxon in the Gobi desert ecosystems owing to their species richness and high biomass,both of which are essential for maintaining ecosystem health and stability.However,the spatiotemporal variations of tenebrionid beetle assemblages in the Gobi desert remain poorly understood.In this study,the monthly dynamics of tenebrionid beetles in the central part of the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China,a representative area of the Gobi desert ecosystems,were monitored using pitfall trapping during 2015-2020.The following results were showed:(1)monthly activity of tenebrionid beetles was observed from March to October,with monthly activity peaking in spring and summer,and monthly activity periods and peak of tenebrionid beetle species exhibited interspecific differences that varied from year to year;(2)spatial distribution of tenebrionid beetle community was influenced by structural factors.Specifically,at a spatial scale of 24.00 m,tenebrionid beetle community was strongly and positively correlated with the dominant species,with distinct spatial distribution patterns observed for Blaps gobiensis and Microdera kraatzi alashanica;(3)abundance of tenebrionid beetles was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean temperature,whereas monthly abundance of B.gobiensis and M.kraatzi alashanica was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation;and(4)the cover of Reaumuria soongarica(Pall.)Maxim.and Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim.had a positive influence on the number of tenebrionid beetles captured.In conclusion,monthly variation in precipitation significantly influences the community dynamic of tenebrionid beetles,with precipitation and shrub cover jointly determining the spatial distribution pattern of these beetles in the Gobi desert ecosystems.展开更多
Various resting-state fMRI(R-fMRI) measures have been developed to characterize intrinsic brain activity. While each of these measures has gained a growing presence in the literature, questions remain regarding the co...Various resting-state fMRI(R-fMRI) measures have been developed to characterize intrinsic brain activity. While each of these measures has gained a growing presence in the literature, questions remain regarding the common and unique aspects these indices capture. The present work provided a comprehensive examination of inter-individual variation and intra-individual temporal variation for commonly used measures, including fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity,voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, network centrality and global signal correlation. Regardless of whether examining intra-individual or inter-individual variation, we found that these definitionally distinct R-fMRI indices tend to exhibit a relatively high degree of covariation, which doesn't exist in phase randomized surrogate data. As a measure of intrinsic brain function, concordance for R-fMRI indices was negatively correlated with age across individuals(i.e., concordance among functional indices decreased with age). To understand the functional significance of concordance, we noted that higher concordance was generally associated with higher strengths of R-fMRI indices, regardless of whether looking through the lens of inter-individual(i.e., high vs. low concordance participants) or intra-individual(i.e., high vs.low concordance states identified via temporal dynamic analyses) differences. We also noted a linear increase in functional concordance together with the R-fMRI indices through the scan, which may suggest a decrease in arousal. The current study demonstrated an enriched picture regarding the relationship among the R-fMRI indices, as well as provided new insights in examining dynamic states within and between individuals.展开更多
Carbon source is an important factor of biological treatment systems, the effects of which on their temporal community assembly patterns are not sufficiently understood currently.In this study, the temporal dynamics a...Carbon source is an important factor of biological treatment systems, the effects of which on their temporal community assembly patterns are not sufficiently understood currently.In this study, the temporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of the communities in three parallel bioreactors for low-concentration coking wastewater(CWW) treatment with differing carbon source concentrations(S0 with no glucose addition, S1 with 200 mg/L glucose addition and S2 with 400 mg/L glucose addition) were comprehensively studied. Highthroughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses including network analysis and Infer Community Assembly Mechanisms by Phylogenetic bin-based null model(iCAMP) were used. The communities of three systems showed turnover rates of 0.0029~0.0034 every 15days. Network analysis results showed that the S0 network showed higher positive correlation proportion(71.43%) and clustering coefficient(0.33), suggesting that carbon source shortage in S0 promoted interactions and cooperation of microbes. The neutral community model analysis showed that the immigration rate increased from 0.5247 in S0 to 0.6478in S2. The iCAMP analysis results showed that drift(45.89%) and homogeneous selection(31.68%) dominated in driving the assembly of all the investigated microbial communities.The contribution of homogeneous selection increased with the increase of carbon source concentrations, from 27.92% in S0 to 36.08% in S2. The OTUs participating in aerobic respiration and tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle were abundant among the bins mainly affected by deterministic processes, while those related to the metabolism of refractory organic pollutants in CWW such as alkanes, benzenes and phenols were abundant in the bins dominated by stochastic processes.展开更多
Epilepsy is a long-term neurological condition marked by recurrent seizures,which result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain that disrupts its normal functioning.Traditional methods for detecting epilepsy t...Epilepsy is a long-term neurological condition marked by recurrent seizures,which result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain that disrupts its normal functioning.Traditional methods for detecting epilepsy through machine learning typically utilize discrete-time models,which inadequately represent the continuous dynamics of electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.To overcome this limitation,we introduce an innovative approach that employs Neural Ordinary Differential Equations(NODEs)to model EEG signals as continuous-time systems.This allows for effective management of irregular sampling and intricate temporal patterns.In contrast to conventional techniques,such as Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)and Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs),which necessitate fixedlength inputs and often struggle with long-term dependencies,our framework incorporates:(1)a NODE block to capture continuous-time EEG dynamics,(2)a feature extraction module tailored for seizure-specific patterns,and(3)an attention-based fusion mechanism to enhance interpretability in classification.When evaluated on three publicly accessible EEG datasets,including those from Boston Children’s Hospital and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(CHB-MIT)and the Temple University Hospital(TUH)EEG Corpus,the model demonstrated an average accuracy of 98.2%,a sensitivity of 97.8%,a specificity of 98.3%,and an F1-score of 97.9%.Additionally,the inference latency was reduced by approximately 30%compared to standard CNN and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architectures,making it well-suited for real-time applications.The method’s resilience to noise and its adaptability to irregular sampling enhance its potential for clinical use in real-time settings.展开更多
We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the st...We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the stimulated Raman-induced photoassociation and square-optical-lattice potential.Stationary solutions of the coupled GPE system are obtained by means of the imaginary-time integration,while the temporal dynamics are simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm.The analysis reveals stable rhombus-shaped VS shapes with topological charges m=1 and 2 of the atomic component.The stability domains and spatial structure of these VSs are governed by three key parameters:the parametric-coupling strength(χ),atomicmolecular interaction strength(g_(12)),and the optical-lattice potential depth(V_(0)).By varyingχand g_(12),we demonstrate a structural transition where four-core rhombus-shaped VSs evolve into eight-core square-shaped modes,highlighting the nontrivial nonlinear dynamics of the system.This work establishes a connection between interactions of cold atoms and topologically structured matter waves in hybrid quantum systems.展开更多
The spatial and temporal dynamics of soil erosion in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, China were studied using multi-period remote sensing images and GIS. The results indicated that the soil erosion status of the reg...The spatial and temporal dynamics of soil erosion in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, China were studied using multi-period remote sensing images and GIS. The results indicated that the soil erosion status of the region has been improving, particularly since the 1980s, with the erosion rate showing an evident decline over the past 30 years. The improvement showed not only in the decline of eroded soil area, but also with the reduction in the extent of erosion. The extent of erosion mainly changed by one level, and the change primarily occurred with the severely or moderately eroded soil types. However, in general, soil erosion was still an overriding problem in the region with some areas becoming more serious, especially those with large quantities of granite.展开更多
The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper an...The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper animal models. Given that northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, they may be an optimal animal model for elucidating the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota contributes to resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. However, little is known about the composition and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota of the northern pig-tailed macaque. Here, we present a comprehensive catalog of the composition and temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota of two healthy northern pig-tailed macaques over 19 weeks using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We found remarkably high proportions of a diverse array of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. Atopobium and Sneathia were dominant genera, and interestingly, we demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota. Moreover, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota were considerably individualized. Finally, network analysis revealed that vaginal pH may influence the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota, suggesting that inter-subject variability of vaginal bacterial communities could be mirrored in inter-subject variation in correlation profiles of species with each other and with vaginal pH over time. Our results suggest that the northern pig-tailed macaque could be an ideal animal model for prospective investigation of the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota influence susceptibility and resistance to HIV-1 infection in the context of highly polymicrobial and Lactobacillus-dominated states.展开更多
Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as envir...Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechanisms that ensure their coherence and continuity across time. Here, we used a dynamic actor-based model, RSiena, to investigate the consistency of the temporal dynamic of relationships of a group of captive rooks facing recurrent modifications in group composition （i.e., the loss and introduction of individuals）. We found that changes in relationships （i.e., formation and removal） followed consistent patterns regardless of group composition and sex-ratio. Rooks preferentially interacted with paired congeners （i.e., unpopular attachment） and were more likely to form rela- tionships with individuals bonded to a current social partner （i.e., ＂friends of friends＂, or triadic closure）. The sex of individuals had no effect on the dynamic of relationships. This robust behav- ioral mechanisms formed the basis of inter-connected networks, composed of sub-structures of in- dividuals emerging from the enmeshment of dyadic and triadic motifs. Overall, the present study reveals crucial aspects of the behavioral mechanisms shaping rooks social structure, suggesting that rooks live in a well-integrated society, going far beyond the unique monogamous pair-bond.展开更多
The investigation was conducted on the spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic mater （SOM） in the mixed plantations of alder （Aluns crernastogyne） and cypress （Cupressus funebris ） （MPAC）, which dis...The investigation was conducted on the spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic mater （SOM） in the mixed plantations of alder （Aluns crernastogyne） and cypress （Cupressus funebris ） （MPAC）, which distributed in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Basin （HACSB）. The results show that： （1） the spatial distribution of SOM among different sites at the same age are not significant before 15-year-old, but significant at 20-year-old, and not significant again after 25-year-old; （2） the SOM contents in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers increase sharply from 10- to 15-year-old, and decline gradually from 15- to 30- year-old; the SOM contents of the 30-year-old PCP were 80. 38% and 78.42% higher than that of the 10-year-old, but 29.16% and 53.37% lower than that of 15-year-old in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers, respectively. The decrease of SOM contents would lead to the degradation of soil fertility and the decline of forest productivity.展开更多
Using the methods of combining landscape ecology with GIS spatial analysis, this paper analyses the dynamics of the marsh landscape structure of the Sanjiang Plain in the past 20 years, fu...Using the methods of combining landscape ecology with GIS spatial analysis, this paper analyses the dynamics of the marsh landscape structure of the Sanjiang Plain in the past 20 years, furthermore, taking Fujin County, located in the north of the plain, as an example, analyzes the conversion between marsh and other land use types. It is shown that the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain decreased greatly in the past 20 years, but the trend has begun to reverse. The marsh area decreased by 51.33% from 1980 to 1996, whereas it decreased by 4.19% from 1996 to 2000. The fragmentation of the marsh increased; the number of the patches increased by 326 from 1986 to 1996, whereas it only increased by 18 patches from 1996 to 2000. It is obvious that the speed of patches number diminished and the marsh fragmentation decreased, which shows that the reclamation of the marsh converted from the fragmentation to the brim in a large area of the marsh. The reclaimed marsh has mainly converted to paddy field and dry land. Large-scale reclamation in the Sanjiang Plain influences its natural environment directly: the climate of the region turns from cold and wet to warm and dry, which makes the marsh both in the low-temperature northern part and in the deeply stagnant eastern part suitable for further agricultural development.展开更多
Sequential recommendation based on amulti-interest framework aims to analyze different aspects of interest based on historical interactions and generate predictions of a user’s potential interest in a list of items.M...Sequential recommendation based on amulti-interest framework aims to analyze different aspects of interest based on historical interactions and generate predictions of a user’s potential interest in a list of items.Most existing methods only focus on what are themultiple interests behind interactions but neglect the evolution of user interests over time.To explore the impact of temporal dynamics on interest extraction,this paper explicitly models the timestamp with amulti-interest network and proposes a time-highlighted network to learn user preferences,which considers not only the interests at different moments but also the possible trends of interest over time.More specifically,the time intervals between historical interactions and prediction moments are first mapped to vectors.Meanwhile,a time-attentive aggregation layer is designed to capture the trends of items in the sequence over time,where the time intervals are seen as additional information to distinguish the importance of different neighbors.Then,the learned items’transition trends are aggregated with the items themselves by a gated unit.Finally,a self-attention network is deployed to capture multiple interests with the obtained temporal information vectors.Extensive experiments are carried out based on three real-world datasets and the results convincingly establish the superiority of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art baselines in terms of model performance.展开更多
The temporal dynamics of the edge dislocation (ED) was studied in this work using the inhomogeneous dissipative sine-Gordon (SG) equation. The consideration was carried out for the force action levels both less and mo...The temporal dynamics of the edge dislocation (ED) was studied in this work using the inhomogeneous dissipative sine-Gordon (SG) equation. The consideration was carried out for the force action levels both less and more critical. By SG equation numerical calculations it is shown that at the external force value below a critical one the ED takes a shape close to a semicircle. This shape was used as an initial condition for describing the ED temporal dynamics in the FR source operating mode. A particular solution of the SG equation is proposed that describes the temporal dynamics of half the ED in the FR mode, which rests on a stopper at the origin. It is shown that the proposed particular solution corresponds to the left Archimedes spiral displaced at π/2 counterclockwise relative to the azimuth angle equal to zero. It is noted that the temporal dynamics of the second half of the ED segment rested on the second stopper is described by the proposed particular solution, when it is mirrored relative to the problem symmetry axis and the center of the spiral is displaced to a point with a zero azimuthal angle and a radius equal to the distance between the stoppers. The axis of symmetry is a straight line that is perpendicular and halves the distance between the stoppers. A graphical description of the ED temporal dynamics was plotted in the Cartesian coordinate system based on the proposed particular solution and its mirror and displaced image. It is shown that the particular solution of the SG equation in the RF source operation mode involves two Archimedes spirals symmetrical relative to the problem symmetry axis with equal radii increasing linearly with time, which rotate: one (the spiral center coincides with the stopper at the origin) counterclockwise, the second (the spiral center coincides with the second stopper) clockwise.展开更多
The integration of multiple electrophysiological biomarkers is crucial for monitoring neonatal seizure dynamics.The present study aimed to characterize the temporal dynamics of neonatal seizures by analyzing intrinsic...The integration of multiple electrophysiological biomarkers is crucial for monitoring neonatal seizure dynamics.The present study aimed to characterize the temporal dynamics of neonatal seizures by analyzing intrinsic waveforms of epileptic electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.We proposed a complementary set of methods considering envelope power,focal sharpness changes,and nonlinear patterns of EEG signals of 79 neonates with seizures.Features derived from EEG signals were used as input to the machine learning classifier.All three characteristics were significantly elevated during seizure events,as agreed upon by all viewers(P<0.0001).Envelope power was elevated in the entire seizure period,and the degree of nonlinearity rose at the termination of a seizure event.Epileptic sharpness effectively characterizes an entire seizure event,complementing the role of envelope power in identifying its onset.However,the degree of nonlinearity showed superior discriminability for the termination of a seizure event.The proposed computational methods for intrinsic sharp or nonlinear EEG patterns evolving during neonatal seizure could share some features with envelope power.Current findings may be helpful in developing strategies to improve neonatal seizure monitoring.展开更多
It is important to quantitatively analyze the effects of protection of important ecological spaces in China to ensure national ecological security.By considering changes in the ecological land,this study examines the ...It is important to quantitatively analyze the effects of protection of important ecological spaces in China to ensure national ecological security.By considering changes in the ecological land,this study examines the effects of protecting three types of important natural ecological spaces in China from 1980 to 2018.Moreover,considering important ecological spaces and their surroundings yields differences in the effects of protection between internal and external spaces,where this can provide a scientific basis for the categorization and zoning of China’s land.The results show the following:(1)In 2018,the ratio of ecological land to important natural ecological spaces accounted for 92.64%.This land had a good ecological background that reflects the developmental orientation of important ecological spaces.(2)From 1980 to 2018,the area of ecological land in important ecological spaces shrank but the rate of reduction was lower than the national average,which shows the positive effect of regulating construction in natural ecological spaces.The restorative effects of ecological projects to convert farmland into forests and grasslands have been prominent.The expanded ecological land is mainly distributed in areas where such projects have been implemented,and the reduced area is concentrated in grain-producing areas of the Northeast China Plain and agricultural oases of Xinjiang.In the future,the government should focus on strengthening the management and control of these areas.(3)The area ratio of ecological land was the highest in national nature reserves.The rate of reduction in its area was the lowest and the trend of reduction was the smallest in national nature reserves,which reflects differences in the status of ecological protection among different spaces.(4)The ratio of ecological land to important ecological spaces was higher than that in the surrounding external space,and the rate of reduction in it was lower.Thus,the effects of internal and external protection had clear differences in terms of gradient.展开更多
文摘Tuberculosis(TB)remained the first leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide in 2023,resulting in nearly twice as many deaths as those caused by the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome.An estimated 10.8 million TB cases were reported globally in 2023,with approximately 1.25 million associated deaths.In China,which ranks third in the global TB burden,there were approximately 741,000 new cases and 25,000 deaths in 2023^([1]).TB poses a significant threat to human health worldwide.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515011065)Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2019)+1 种基金the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0301)the NSFC(National Natural Science Foundation of China)-Guangdong Joint Fund Key Project(No.U1901219)。
文摘Climate change and human interference play significant roles on dynamic of water body abundance,and drive related hydrological,biochemical and social/economic processes.Documenting and monitoring surface water area with high resolution multi-temporal satellite imagery provide new perspective to evaluate the dynamics of surface water area,especially in continental and global scale.In this study,based on the Landsat images from 1980 s to 2015,we surveyed the spatial and temporal variation of surface water area,including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,in 10-yr temporal slice across China.Furthermore,the driving forces of the variation has been identified to reveal the interaction of water bodies and the changing environment.The results show that,the water surface area expanded over all three decades with strong spatial and temporal difference,despite the drier and warmer climate background;although lakes comprise the largest portion of the surface water area,the highest contributor of surface water expansion was new constructed reservoir located in the densely populated region;climatic parameters alteration,like precipitation and temperature,resulted in the water surface expansion in the northwestern basin by growing water input linked with rain and glacier melting;in the rest part of China,rise of water surface area was predominately attributed to human relocation of water resource,which yielded more new water storage area than the disappeared water body caused by less precipitation and stronger evapotranspiration.The conclusions highlight the integrative water resource management,especially in water conservation and restoration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61063039)Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software(kx201202)
文摘Inferring unknown social trust relations attracts increasing attention in recent years. However, social trust, as a social concept, is intrinsically dynamic, and exploiting temporal dynamics provides challenges and opportunities for social trust prediction. In this paper, we investigate social trust prediction by exploiting temporal dynamics. In particular, we model the dynamics of user preferences in two principled ways. The first one focuses on temporal weight; the second one targets temporal smoothness. By incorporating these two types of temporal dynamics into traditional matrix factorization based social trust prediction model, two extended social trust prediction models are proposed and the cor- responding algorithms to solve the models are designed too. We conduct experiments on a real-world dataset and the results dem- onstrate the effectiveness of our proposed new models. Further experiments are also conducted to understand the importance of temporal dynamics in social trust prediction.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600517)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(20180201059NY)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department(JJKH20190651KJ)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains,Ministry of Education(GPES202003)National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110201030)。
文摘Carabid beetles,predatory insects,are abundant in forests and sensitive to environmental changes.The distribution patterns and diversity of carabid beetles in several natural forests were studied to provide a basis for evaluating the importance of a forest in the protection of carabid beetle diversity.Carabids were captured by pitfall traps during their seasonal activity from 2012 to 2013 in a poplar-birch forest,ash-walnut forest and broad-leaved Korean pine forest.A total of 5252 individuals,representing 21 species,were collected.Carabid abundance was highest in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest and lowest in the ash-walnut forest.Carabus billbergi Mannerheim and Pterostichus pertinax(Tschitscherine)were the dominant beetle species in each stand.Carabus canaliculatus Adams was dominant in the poplar-birch and ash-walnut forests,and Leistus niger Gebler was dominant in the ash-walnut forest.The carabids were affected differently by stand factors.C.billbergi and P.pertinax was positively correlated with mean DBH.C.canaliculatus and L.niger were not positively correlated with any stand factors.The broad-leaved Korean pine forest with greater age,large DBH and thick leaf litter fostered a high diversity of carabid species.The main yearly activity period for most carabids was during July.Different carabid species responded differently to seasonality,and the activity period of several species was relatively late(August)in the year.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.41921001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(certificate number 2023M733812)。
文摘Forest loss impacts local climate through biophysical processes.However,our understanding of this impact remains limited due to the neglect of its temporal dynamics.Using a space-and-time scheme that incorporates a change-detection method,we assess the dynamics of land surface temperature(LST)responses to various forest-loss types.Globally,LST increased by 0.12 K one year after forest loss,followed by a decreasing trend of0.14 K per decade.Deforestation driven by commodity production and urbanization results in persistent warming,while forest disturbances such as shifting agriculture,forestry,and fire trigger diverse response dynamics with significant spatial variation due to differences in subsequent vegetation recovery.These disturbances cause attenuated warming in low and mid-latitudes,while,in the boreal zone,contrasting dynamics are observed:shifting agriculture causes attenuated cooling,whereas forestry and fire result in enhanced cooling.In addition to amplifying the amplitude of the LST seasonal cycle,forest loss also shifts the seasonal phase,which has not been previously reported.These findings demonstrate that climate feedback from forest loss is climate specific,loss-type dependent,and time varying,providing new insights for the development of local climate policies.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFA0717900National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:62471251,62288102,22275098,62405144+1 种基金Basic Research Program of Jiangsu,Grant/Award Numbers:BK20240033,BK20243057Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,Grant/Award Number:2022ZB402。
文摘Physical reservoir computing(PRC)offers an effective computing paradigm for spatiotemporal information processing with low training costs.Achieving controllable regulation over the temporal dynamics of devices to meet the computational demands of each physical layer is a key challenge for realizing highperformance PRC chips.Here,we proposed a homogeneously integrated all-PRC with tunable temporal dynamics.Utilizing the modulation effect of oxygen vacancies on the energy barrier of the pentacene/ZnO interface,shortterm memory,and long-term memory switching characteristics have been achieved within the same device structure.Furthermore,by altering the gate voltage,the reservoir exhibited a broad range ratio of temporal characteristics(>10^(2)),which provides the potential to map information with different temporal characteristics.Inspired by the process of encoding and reconstructing spatiotemporal information in the human visual system,a biomimetic obstacle recognition system has been constructed to assist visually impaired individuals in walking,demonstrating excellent accuracy in obstacle types(100%)and distances(97.2%)recognition.This work offers a promising avenue for the development of an integrated PRC system with multi-timescale information processing capability.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A2063)the Gansu Province Top-notch Leading Talents Project(E339040101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771290,42377043,41773086).
文摘Tenebrionid beetles represent a crucial arthropod taxon in the Gobi desert ecosystems owing to their species richness and high biomass,both of which are essential for maintaining ecosystem health and stability.However,the spatiotemporal variations of tenebrionid beetle assemblages in the Gobi desert remain poorly understood.In this study,the monthly dynamics of tenebrionid beetles in the central part of the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China,a representative area of the Gobi desert ecosystems,were monitored using pitfall trapping during 2015-2020.The following results were showed:(1)monthly activity of tenebrionid beetles was observed from March to October,with monthly activity peaking in spring and summer,and monthly activity periods and peak of tenebrionid beetle species exhibited interspecific differences that varied from year to year;(2)spatial distribution of tenebrionid beetle community was influenced by structural factors.Specifically,at a spatial scale of 24.00 m,tenebrionid beetle community was strongly and positively correlated with the dominant species,with distinct spatial distribution patterns observed for Blaps gobiensis and Microdera kraatzi alashanica;(3)abundance of tenebrionid beetles was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean temperature,whereas monthly abundance of B.gobiensis and M.kraatzi alashanica was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation;and(4)the cover of Reaumuria soongarica(Pall.)Maxim.and Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim.had a positive influence on the number of tenebrionid beetles captured.In conclusion,monthly variation in precipitation significantly influences the community dynamic of tenebrionid beetles,with precipitation and shrub cover jointly determining the spatial distribution pattern of these beetles in the Gobi desert ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1309902 to CGY)National Basic Research Program (2015CB351702 to XNZ)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (81671774 and 81630031 to CGY, 81471740, 81220108014 to XNZ)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y5CX072006 to CGY)Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z161100000216152 to CGY)the National Institutes of Health (U01MH099059 to MPM)the Child Mind Institute (1FDN2012-1 to MPM)
文摘Various resting-state fMRI(R-fMRI) measures have been developed to characterize intrinsic brain activity. While each of these measures has gained a growing presence in the literature, questions remain regarding the common and unique aspects these indices capture. The present work provided a comprehensive examination of inter-individual variation and intra-individual temporal variation for commonly used measures, including fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity,voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, network centrality and global signal correlation. Regardless of whether examining intra-individual or inter-individual variation, we found that these definitionally distinct R-fMRI indices tend to exhibit a relatively high degree of covariation, which doesn't exist in phase randomized surrogate data. As a measure of intrinsic brain function, concordance for R-fMRI indices was negatively correlated with age across individuals(i.e., concordance among functional indices decreased with age). To understand the functional significance of concordance, we noted that higher concordance was generally associated with higher strengths of R-fMRI indices, regardless of whether looking through the lens of inter-individual(i.e., high vs. low concordance participants) or intra-individual(i.e., high vs.low concordance states identified via temporal dynamic analyses) differences. We also noted a linear increase in functional concordance together with the R-fMRI indices through the scan, which may suggest a decrease in arousal. The current study demonstrated an enriched picture regarding the relationship among the R-fMRI indices, as well as provided new insights in examining dynamic states within and between individuals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund Youth Project of China (No. 52100067)。
文摘Carbon source is an important factor of biological treatment systems, the effects of which on their temporal community assembly patterns are not sufficiently understood currently.In this study, the temporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of the communities in three parallel bioreactors for low-concentration coking wastewater(CWW) treatment with differing carbon source concentrations(S0 with no glucose addition, S1 with 200 mg/L glucose addition and S2 with 400 mg/L glucose addition) were comprehensively studied. Highthroughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses including network analysis and Infer Community Assembly Mechanisms by Phylogenetic bin-based null model(iCAMP) were used. The communities of three systems showed turnover rates of 0.0029~0.0034 every 15days. Network analysis results showed that the S0 network showed higher positive correlation proportion(71.43%) and clustering coefficient(0.33), suggesting that carbon source shortage in S0 promoted interactions and cooperation of microbes. The neutral community model analysis showed that the immigration rate increased from 0.5247 in S0 to 0.6478in S2. The iCAMP analysis results showed that drift(45.89%) and homogeneous selection(31.68%) dominated in driving the assembly of all the investigated microbial communities.The contribution of homogeneous selection increased with the increase of carbon source concentrations, from 27.92% in S0 to 36.08% in S2. The OTUs participating in aerobic respiration and tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle were abundant among the bins mainly affected by deterministic processes, while those related to the metabolism of refractory organic pollutants in CWW such as alkanes, benzenes and phenols were abundant in the bins dominated by stochastic processes.
基金extend their appreciation to the King Salman Center for Disability Research for funding this work through Research Group No.KSRG-2024-223.
文摘Epilepsy is a long-term neurological condition marked by recurrent seizures,which result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain that disrupts its normal functioning.Traditional methods for detecting epilepsy through machine learning typically utilize discrete-time models,which inadequately represent the continuous dynamics of electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.To overcome this limitation,we introduce an innovative approach that employs Neural Ordinary Differential Equations(NODEs)to model EEG signals as continuous-time systems.This allows for effective management of irregular sampling and intricate temporal patterns.In contrast to conventional techniques,such as Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)and Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs),which necessitate fixedlength inputs and often struggle with long-term dependencies,our framework incorporates:(1)a NODE block to capture continuous-time EEG dynamics,(2)a feature extraction module tailored for seizure-specific patterns,and(3)an attention-based fusion mechanism to enhance interpretability in classification.When evaluated on three publicly accessible EEG datasets,including those from Boston Children’s Hospital and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(CHB-MIT)and the Temple University Hospital(TUH)EEG Corpus,the model demonstrated an average accuracy of 98.2%,a sensitivity of 97.8%,a specificity of 98.3%,and an F1-score of 97.9%.Additionally,the inference latency was reduced by approximately 30%compared to standard CNN and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architectures,making it well-suited for real-time applications.The method’s resilience to noise and its adaptability to irregular sampling enhance its potential for clinical use in real-time settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62275075)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Soliton Research Association(Grant No.2025HBSRA09)+1 种基金joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xianning of China(Grant Nos.2025AFD401 and 2025AFD405)Israel Science Foundation(Grant No.1695/22).
文摘We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the stimulated Raman-induced photoassociation and square-optical-lattice potential.Stationary solutions of the coupled GPE system are obtained by means of the imaginary-time integration,while the temporal dynamics are simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm.The analysis reveals stable rhombus-shaped VS shapes with topological charges m=1 and 2 of the atomic component.The stability domains and spatial structure of these VSs are governed by three key parameters:the parametric-coupling strength(χ),atomicmolecular interaction strength(g_(12)),and the optical-lattice potential depth(V_(0)).By varyingχand g_(12),we demonstrate a structural transition where four-core rhombus-shaped VSs evolve into eight-core square-shaped modes,highlighting the nontrivial nonlinear dynamics of the system.This work establishes a connection between interactions of cold atoms and topologically structured matter waves in hybrid quantum systems.
基金1 Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49631010).
文摘The spatial and temporal dynamics of soil erosion in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, China were studied using multi-period remote sensing images and GIS. The results indicated that the soil erosion status of the region has been improving, particularly since the 1980s, with the erosion rate showing an evident decline over the past 30 years. The improvement showed not only in the decline of eroded soil area, but also with the reduction in the extent of erosion. The extent of erosion mainly changed by one level, and the change primarily occurred with the severely or moderately eroded soil types. However, in general, soil erosion was still an overriding problem in the region with some areas becoming more serious, especially those with large quantities of granite.
基金supported in part by the Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(2012ZX10001-0072013ZX10001-002)+5 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8117287681273251U1202228)the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS(KSCX2-EW-R-13KJZD-EW-L10-02)
文摘The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper animal models. Given that northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, they may be an optimal animal model for elucidating the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota contributes to resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. However, little is known about the composition and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota of the northern pig-tailed macaque. Here, we present a comprehensive catalog of the composition and temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota of two healthy northern pig-tailed macaques over 19 weeks using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We found remarkably high proportions of a diverse array of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. Atopobium and Sneathia were dominant genera, and interestingly, we demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota. Moreover, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota were considerably individualized. Finally, network analysis revealed that vaginal pH may influence the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota, suggesting that inter-subject variability of vaginal bacterial communities could be mirrored in inter-subject variation in correlation profiles of species with each other and with vaginal pH over time. Our results suggest that the northern pig-tailed macaque could be an ideal animal model for prospective investigation of the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota influence susceptibility and resistance to HIV-1 infection in the context of highly polymicrobial and Lactobacillus-dominated states.
文摘Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechanisms that ensure their coherence and continuity across time. Here, we used a dynamic actor-based model, RSiena, to investigate the consistency of the temporal dynamic of relationships of a group of captive rooks facing recurrent modifications in group composition （i.e., the loss and introduction of individuals）. We found that changes in relationships （i.e., formation and removal） followed consistent patterns regardless of group composition and sex-ratio. Rooks preferentially interacted with paired congeners （i.e., unpopular attachment） and were more likely to form rela- tionships with individuals bonded to a current social partner （i.e., ＂friends of friends＂, or triadic closure）. The sex of individuals had no effect on the dynamic of relationships. This robust behav- ioral mechanisms formed the basis of inter-connected networks, composed of sub-structures of in- dividuals emerging from the enmeshment of dyadic and triadic motifs. Overall, the present study reveals crucial aspects of the behavioral mechanisms shaping rooks social structure, suggesting that rooks live in a well-integrated society, going far beyond the unique monogamous pair-bond.
文摘The investigation was conducted on the spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic mater （SOM） in the mixed plantations of alder （Aluns crernastogyne） and cypress （Cupressus funebris ） （MPAC）, which distributed in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Basin （HACSB）. The results show that： （1） the spatial distribution of SOM among different sites at the same age are not significant before 15-year-old, but significant at 20-year-old, and not significant again after 25-year-old; （2） the SOM contents in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers increase sharply from 10- to 15-year-old, and decline gradually from 15- to 30- year-old; the SOM contents of the 30-year-old PCP were 80. 38% and 78.42% higher than that of the 10-year-old, but 29.16% and 53.37% lower than that of 15-year-old in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers, respectively. The decrease of SOM contents would lead to the degradation of soil fertility and the decline of forest productivity.
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS No. KZCX2-308-3-5 No. INF105-SBD-1-24
文摘Using the methods of combining landscape ecology with GIS spatial analysis, this paper analyses the dynamics of the marsh landscape structure of the Sanjiang Plain in the past 20 years, furthermore, taking Fujin County, located in the north of the plain, as an example, analyzes the conversion between marsh and other land use types. It is shown that the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain decreased greatly in the past 20 years, but the trend has begun to reverse. The marsh area decreased by 51.33% from 1980 to 1996, whereas it decreased by 4.19% from 1996 to 2000. The fragmentation of the marsh increased; the number of the patches increased by 326 from 1986 to 1996, whereas it only increased by 18 patches from 1996 to 2000. It is obvious that the speed of patches number diminished and the marsh fragmentation decreased, which shows that the reclamation of the marsh converted from the fragmentation to the brim in a large area of the marsh. The reclaimed marsh has mainly converted to paddy field and dry land. Large-scale reclamation in the Sanjiang Plain influences its natural environment directly: the climate of the region turns from cold and wet to warm and dry, which makes the marsh both in the low-temperature northern part and in the deeply stagnant eastern part suitable for further agricultural development.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61702060.
文摘Sequential recommendation based on amulti-interest framework aims to analyze different aspects of interest based on historical interactions and generate predictions of a user’s potential interest in a list of items.Most existing methods only focus on what are themultiple interests behind interactions but neglect the evolution of user interests over time.To explore the impact of temporal dynamics on interest extraction,this paper explicitly models the timestamp with amulti-interest network and proposes a time-highlighted network to learn user preferences,which considers not only the interests at different moments but also the possible trends of interest over time.More specifically,the time intervals between historical interactions and prediction moments are first mapped to vectors.Meanwhile,a time-attentive aggregation layer is designed to capture the trends of items in the sequence over time,where the time intervals are seen as additional information to distinguish the importance of different neighbors.Then,the learned items’transition trends are aggregated with the items themselves by a gated unit.Finally,a self-attention network is deployed to capture multiple interests with the obtained temporal information vectors.Extensive experiments are carried out based on three real-world datasets and the results convincingly establish the superiority of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art baselines in terms of model performance.
文摘The temporal dynamics of the edge dislocation (ED) was studied in this work using the inhomogeneous dissipative sine-Gordon (SG) equation. The consideration was carried out for the force action levels both less and more critical. By SG equation numerical calculations it is shown that at the external force value below a critical one the ED takes a shape close to a semicircle. This shape was used as an initial condition for describing the ED temporal dynamics in the FR source operating mode. A particular solution of the SG equation is proposed that describes the temporal dynamics of half the ED in the FR mode, which rests on a stopper at the origin. It is shown that the proposed particular solution corresponds to the left Archimedes spiral displaced at π/2 counterclockwise relative to the azimuth angle equal to zero. It is noted that the temporal dynamics of the second half of the ED segment rested on the second stopper is described by the proposed particular solution, when it is mirrored relative to the problem symmetry axis and the center of the spiral is displaced to a point with a zero azimuthal angle and a radius equal to the distance between the stoppers. The axis of symmetry is a straight line that is perpendicular and halves the distance between the stoppers. A graphical description of the ED temporal dynamics was plotted in the Cartesian coordinate system based on the proposed particular solution and its mirror and displaced image. It is shown that the particular solution of the SG equation in the RF source operation mode involves two Archimedes spirals symmetrical relative to the problem symmetry axis with equal radii increasing linearly with time, which rotate: one (the spiral center coincides with the stopper at the origin) counterclockwise, the second (the spiral center coincides with the second stopper) clockwise.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171028 and 62001026)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L232139)+2 种基金the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province(Nos.MEDH202204 and MEDC202303)the High-Level Fellow Research Fund Program(No.3050012222022)the BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(No.2023YCXZ009).
文摘The integration of multiple electrophysiological biomarkers is crucial for monitoring neonatal seizure dynamics.The present study aimed to characterize the temporal dynamics of neonatal seizures by analyzing intrinsic waveforms of epileptic electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.We proposed a complementary set of methods considering envelope power,focal sharpness changes,and nonlinear patterns of EEG signals of 79 neonates with seizures.Features derived from EEG signals were used as input to the machine learning classifier.All three characteristics were significantly elevated during seizure events,as agreed upon by all viewers(P<0.0001).Envelope power was elevated in the entire seizure period,and the degree of nonlinearity rose at the termination of a seizure event.Epileptic sharpness effectively characterizes an entire seizure event,complementing the role of envelope power in identifying its onset.However,the degree of nonlinearity showed superior discriminability for the termination of a seizure event.The proposed computational methods for intrinsic sharp or nonlinear EEG patterns evolving during neonatal seizure could share some features with envelope power.Current findings may be helpful in developing strategies to improve neonatal seizure monitoring.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFC0506506,No.2016YFC0500206。
文摘It is important to quantitatively analyze the effects of protection of important ecological spaces in China to ensure national ecological security.By considering changes in the ecological land,this study examines the effects of protecting three types of important natural ecological spaces in China from 1980 to 2018.Moreover,considering important ecological spaces and their surroundings yields differences in the effects of protection between internal and external spaces,where this can provide a scientific basis for the categorization and zoning of China’s land.The results show the following:(1)In 2018,the ratio of ecological land to important natural ecological spaces accounted for 92.64%.This land had a good ecological background that reflects the developmental orientation of important ecological spaces.(2)From 1980 to 2018,the area of ecological land in important ecological spaces shrank but the rate of reduction was lower than the national average,which shows the positive effect of regulating construction in natural ecological spaces.The restorative effects of ecological projects to convert farmland into forests and grasslands have been prominent.The expanded ecological land is mainly distributed in areas where such projects have been implemented,and the reduced area is concentrated in grain-producing areas of the Northeast China Plain and agricultural oases of Xinjiang.In the future,the government should focus on strengthening the management and control of these areas.(3)The area ratio of ecological land was the highest in national nature reserves.The rate of reduction in its area was the lowest and the trend of reduction was the smallest in national nature reserves,which reflects differences in the status of ecological protection among different spaces.(4)The ratio of ecological land to important ecological spaces was higher than that in the surrounding external space,and the rate of reduction in it was lower.Thus,the effects of internal and external protection had clear differences in terms of gradient.
