Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are expected to become an alternative solution for energy storage and power systems in the future due to their abundant resources,substantial energy–density,and all-climate performance.How...Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are expected to become an alternative solution for energy storage and power systems in the future due to their abundant resources,substantial energy–density,and all-climate performance.However,uneven Na deposition and slow charge transfer kinetics still significantly impair their low temperature and rate performance.Herein,we report a non-solvating trifluoromethoxy benzene(PhOCF_(3))that modulates dipole–dipole interactions in the solvation structure.This modulation effectively reduces the affinity between Na+and solvents,promoting an anion-rich solvation sheath formation and significantly enhancing room temperature electrochemical performance in SMBs.Furthermore,temperature-dependent spectroscopic characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that these dipole–dipole interactions thermodynamically exclude solvent molecules from inner Na^(+)solvation sphere at low temperatures,which endows the electrolyte with exceptional temperature adaptability,leading to remarkable improvement in low temperature SMB performance.Consequently,Na||Vanadium phosphate sodium(NVP)cells with the optimized electrolyte achieve 10,000 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 90.2%at 25℃and over 650 cycles at 0.5 C with a capacity of 92.1 mA h g^(−1)at−40℃.This work probed the temperature-responsive property of Na+solvation structure and designed the temperature-adaptive electrolyte by regulating solvation structure via dipole–dipole interactions,offering a valuable guidance for low temperature electrolytes design for SMBs.展开更多
Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC) is useful for thermal management because it allows an object to emit terrestrial heat into space without the use of additional energy.To produce sub-ambient temperatures under d...Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC) is useful for thermal management because it allows an object to emit terrestrial heat into space without the use of additional energy.To produce sub-ambient temperatures under direct sunlight,PDRC materials are designed to reduce their absorption of solar energy and to enhance their long-wavelength infrared(LWIR) emissivity.In recent years,many photonic structures and polymer composites have been studied to improve the cooling system of buildings.However,in cold weather(i.e. during winter in cold climates),buildings need to be kept warm rather than cooled due to heat loss.To overcome this limitation,temperature-responsive radiative cooling is a promising alternative.In the present study,adaptive radiative cooling(ARC) film fabricated from a polydimethylsiloxane/hollow SiO_(2) microsphere/thermochromic pigment composite was investigated.We found that the ARC film absorbed solar radiation under cold conditions while exhibiting radiative cooling at ambient temperatures above 40℃.Thus,in outdoor experiments,the ARC film achieved sub-ambient temperatures and had a theoretical cooling power of 63.2 W/m~2 in hot weather.We also demonstrated that radiative cooling with an energy harvesting system could be used to improve the energy management of buildings,with the thermoelectric module continuously generating output power using the ARC film.Therefore,we believe that our proposed ARC film can be employed for efficient thermal management of buildings and all-season energy harvesting in the near future.展开更多
基金the financial support of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2400300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875198,21875195)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720190040)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Xiamen(3502Z20201013)。
文摘Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are expected to become an alternative solution for energy storage and power systems in the future due to their abundant resources,substantial energy–density,and all-climate performance.However,uneven Na deposition and slow charge transfer kinetics still significantly impair their low temperature and rate performance.Herein,we report a non-solvating trifluoromethoxy benzene(PhOCF_(3))that modulates dipole–dipole interactions in the solvation structure.This modulation effectively reduces the affinity between Na+and solvents,promoting an anion-rich solvation sheath formation and significantly enhancing room temperature electrochemical performance in SMBs.Furthermore,temperature-dependent spectroscopic characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that these dipole–dipole interactions thermodynamically exclude solvent molecules from inner Na^(+)solvation sphere at low temperatures,which endows the electrolyte with exceptional temperature adaptability,leading to remarkable improvement in low temperature SMB performance.Consequently,Na||Vanadium phosphate sodium(NVP)cells with the optimized electrolyte achieve 10,000 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 90.2%at 25℃and over 650 cycles at 0.5 C with a capacity of 92.1 mA h g^(−1)at−40℃.This work probed the temperature-responsive property of Na+solvation structure and designed the temperature-adaptive electrolyte by regulating solvation structure via dipole–dipole interactions,offering a valuable guidance for low temperature electrolytes design for SMBs.
基金supported by the Industrial-linked Low-carbon Process Conversion Core Technology Development Program (RS2022-00155175)the Materials/Parts Technology Development Program (20022507) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Republic of Korea)the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) core project (SS2221-20)。
文摘Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC) is useful for thermal management because it allows an object to emit terrestrial heat into space without the use of additional energy.To produce sub-ambient temperatures under direct sunlight,PDRC materials are designed to reduce their absorption of solar energy and to enhance their long-wavelength infrared(LWIR) emissivity.In recent years,many photonic structures and polymer composites have been studied to improve the cooling system of buildings.However,in cold weather(i.e. during winter in cold climates),buildings need to be kept warm rather than cooled due to heat loss.To overcome this limitation,temperature-responsive radiative cooling is a promising alternative.In the present study,adaptive radiative cooling(ARC) film fabricated from a polydimethylsiloxane/hollow SiO_(2) microsphere/thermochromic pigment composite was investigated.We found that the ARC film absorbed solar radiation under cold conditions while exhibiting radiative cooling at ambient temperatures above 40℃.Thus,in outdoor experiments,the ARC film achieved sub-ambient temperatures and had a theoretical cooling power of 63.2 W/m~2 in hot weather.We also demonstrated that radiative cooling with an energy harvesting system could be used to improve the energy management of buildings,with the thermoelectric module continuously generating output power using the ARC film.Therefore,we believe that our proposed ARC film can be employed for efficient thermal management of buildings and all-season energy harvesting in the near future.
