Since a large portion of greenhouse gases are emitted by the building sector,there has been a push towards sustainable low energy architecture,which could help mitigate the effects of climate change.Although climate c...Since a large portion of greenhouse gases are emitted by the building sector,there has been a push towards sustainable low energy architecture,which could help mitigate the effects of climate change.Although climate change is considered inevitable,adaptive measures must be taken in the field of architecture to alleviate its impact.Creating an overview of the state of the art in the field of architecture as it adapts to climate change will help identify the problems and possibilities of architectural adaptation.The aim must be to create buildings that are as suitable to the current climate as they are to the climate of the future and maintain an ability to resist the impacts of climate change;this ability to resist potential change is defined as adaptive capacity.It is challenging to reconcile the energy requirements for contemporary buildings with rising temperatures and extreme weather in temperate climate zones.The literature on the subject is explored through iterative searches in scientific databases.In discussions about the possible adaptations to climate change,there needs to be a focus on human adaptation facilitated by architecture and the built environment’s utilization and support of ecosystem services in adaptation strategies,since the scope of climate change reaches beyond the singular building.There are plenty of strategies and technologies from which to draw but little focus on how these should support the design of a building and its inhabitants.In the future it will be necessary to look at the adaptive capacity of a building itself and how the building can benefit its surroundings.展开更多
With mounting concerns over climate change and urban population growth,the demand for sustainable housing based on low-energy designs is steadily increasing.A variety of low-energy design methods have been developed t...With mounting concerns over climate change and urban population growth,the demand for sustainable housing based on low-energy designs is steadily increasing.A variety of low-energy design methods have been developed to reduce energy and resource consumption;however,research shows that the implementation of such methods has been surprisingly limited.In addition,while the degree of housing density is understood to have an impact on low-energy designs,what that impact is and how it can be strategically applied have not been adequately researched.This research examines how low-energy designs are applied in housing types with various densities in temperate climates,identifies the issues and problems pertaining to the implementation of passive and active design strategies.This research uses a survey,which asks design practitioners to rate the merits of various low-energy design strategies and assesses how often these approaches are implemented in practice.The study uncovers discrepancies between perceived importance of low-energy design aspects and their practical implementation,finding that certain low-energy strategies can be more effective when they are incorporated in an early stage of the design process.展开更多
Ecosystem of eastern Eurasian steppe is facing more and more challenges of global issues such as climate change, food and ecological security and human excessive utilization since the 21st century. Facing on the incre...Ecosystem of eastern Eurasian steppe is facing more and more challenges of global issues such as climate change, food and ecological security and human excessive utilization since the 21st century. Facing on the increasingly prominent international issues, it is very essential for relevant countries, international organizations and domestic counterparts to enhance systematic and mutual cooperation and exchanges to carry out scientific research and develop protection practice on the Eurasian steppe.展开更多
Safflower is a Mediterranean-subtropical oil crop, with temperate climate. To assess the suitability of safflower may have certain production potential in organic farming in regions cultivation under temperate climate...Safflower is a Mediterranean-subtropical oil crop, with temperate climate. To assess the suitability of safflower may have certain production potential in organic farming in regions cultivation under temperate climate in low input organic farming, ten cultivars were grown in two years experiment in Lindhoft-Kiel in Northern Germany in clay/sand soil. Pearson correlations reveal that oil yield exhibited tight positive correlations with plant height, plant dry matter, capitula plant-1, achenes capitulum-1 and thousand achene mass （TAM）, but was not correlated with days to full flowering or oil concentration. Yield component analysis reveals that achenes capitulum1 had the major influence on the variation of oil yield of all studied cultivars, followed by capitula plant1 and TAM, while the oil concentration had slightly negative influence, and the plant density was negatively associated with oil yield. Although two years field experiment is not enough to analyse the performance of safflower adaptability to certain region, it can be concluded that the most adaptive cultivars are PI-209286 originated from Romania, and cultivar CART-19/89 originated from Poland, while the less adaptive cultivars were DO-13/03 and DO-15/03 with German origin in addition to the Canadian cultivar PI-572475/Saffire. The most striking yield component that contributes to the high yield is achene capitulumt, which can be used as a base for selecting cultivars adaptive to humid cold conditions. The growth period between full flowering and harvest influencing this yield component must be given attention to avoid low temperature and rainfall by tuning sowing date to improve yield at these conditions.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the readers to agroforestry and more precisely to silvopastoral systems,which are land use methods with a wealth of opportunities,mixing the advantages of grasslan...The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the readers to agroforestry and more precisely to silvopastoral systems,which are land use methods with a wealth of opportunities,mixing the advantages of grasslands and forests or trees.Through an analysis of the Great Hungarian Plain in Central Europe and other large-scale restoration projects,we examine contemporary environmental challenges,with particular emphasis on water scarcity impacts on land use sustainability.We propose agroforestry systems as viable alternatives in regions where continuous forest cover cannot be sustained due to ecological limitations and where tree-crop-livestock interactions can enhance overall system productivity and resilience.The urgent need for action underlines the importance of living laboratories,where scientific work should support the overall goal of revitalizing our landscapes.展开更多
文摘Since a large portion of greenhouse gases are emitted by the building sector,there has been a push towards sustainable low energy architecture,which could help mitigate the effects of climate change.Although climate change is considered inevitable,adaptive measures must be taken in the field of architecture to alleviate its impact.Creating an overview of the state of the art in the field of architecture as it adapts to climate change will help identify the problems and possibilities of architectural adaptation.The aim must be to create buildings that are as suitable to the current climate as they are to the climate of the future and maintain an ability to resist the impacts of climate change;this ability to resist potential change is defined as adaptive capacity.It is challenging to reconcile the energy requirements for contemporary buildings with rising temperatures and extreme weather in temperate climate zones.The literature on the subject is explored through iterative searches in scientific databases.In discussions about the possible adaptations to climate change,there needs to be a focus on human adaptation facilitated by architecture and the built environment’s utilization and support of ecosystem services in adaptation strategies,since the scope of climate change reaches beyond the singular building.There are plenty of strategies and technologies from which to draw but little focus on how these should support the design of a building and its inhabitants.In the future it will be necessary to look at the adaptive capacity of a building itself and how the building can benefit its surroundings.
基金supported by the Hongik University new faculty research support fund.
文摘With mounting concerns over climate change and urban population growth,the demand for sustainable housing based on low-energy designs is steadily increasing.A variety of low-energy design methods have been developed to reduce energy and resource consumption;however,research shows that the implementation of such methods has been surprisingly limited.In addition,while the degree of housing density is understood to have an impact on low-energy designs,what that impact is and how it can be strategically applied have not been adequately researched.This research examines how low-energy designs are applied in housing types with various densities in temperate climates,identifies the issues and problems pertaining to the implementation of passive and active design strategies.This research uses a survey,which asks design practitioners to rate the merits of various low-energy design strategies and assesses how often these approaches are implemented in practice.The study uncovers discrepancies between perceived importance of low-energy design aspects and their practical implementation,finding that certain low-energy strategies can be more effective when they are incorporated in an early stage of the design process.
文摘Ecosystem of eastern Eurasian steppe is facing more and more challenges of global issues such as climate change, food and ecological security and human excessive utilization since the 21st century. Facing on the increasingly prominent international issues, it is very essential for relevant countries, international organizations and domestic counterparts to enhance systematic and mutual cooperation and exchanges to carry out scientific research and develop protection practice on the Eurasian steppe.
文摘Safflower is a Mediterranean-subtropical oil crop, with temperate climate. To assess the suitability of safflower may have certain production potential in organic farming in regions cultivation under temperate climate in low input organic farming, ten cultivars were grown in two years experiment in Lindhoft-Kiel in Northern Germany in clay/sand soil. Pearson correlations reveal that oil yield exhibited tight positive correlations with plant height, plant dry matter, capitula plant-1, achenes capitulum-1 and thousand achene mass （TAM）, but was not correlated with days to full flowering or oil concentration. Yield component analysis reveals that achenes capitulum1 had the major influence on the variation of oil yield of all studied cultivars, followed by capitula plant1 and TAM, while the oil concentration had slightly negative influence, and the plant density was negatively associated with oil yield. Although two years field experiment is not enough to analyse the performance of safflower adaptability to certain region, it can be concluded that the most adaptive cultivars are PI-209286 originated from Romania, and cultivar CART-19/89 originated from Poland, while the less adaptive cultivars were DO-13/03 and DO-15/03 with German origin in addition to the Canadian cultivar PI-572475/Saffire. The most striking yield component that contributes to the high yield is achene capitulumt, which can be used as a base for selecting cultivars adaptive to humid cold conditions. The growth period between full flowering and harvest influencing this yield component must be given attention to avoid low temperature and rainfall by tuning sowing date to improve yield at these conditions.
文摘The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the readers to agroforestry and more precisely to silvopastoral systems,which are land use methods with a wealth of opportunities,mixing the advantages of grasslands and forests or trees.Through an analysis of the Great Hungarian Plain in Central Europe and other large-scale restoration projects,we examine contemporary environmental challenges,with particular emphasis on water scarcity impacts on land use sustainability.We propose agroforestry systems as viable alternatives in regions where continuous forest cover cannot be sustained due to ecological limitations and where tree-crop-livestock interactions can enhance overall system productivity and resilience.The urgent need for action underlines the importance of living laboratories,where scientific work should support the overall goal of revitalizing our landscapes.
