Port and terminal efficiency are of utmost importance to the container shipping industry due to their significance in enhancing the competitive advantage of ports within a region. Consequently, there have always been ...Port and terminal efficiency are of utmost importance to the container shipping industry due to their significance in enhancing the competitive advantage of ports within a region. Consequently, there have always been notable variations of studies around it. This paper analyzes the impact of privatization on terminal efficiency using the Port of Tema as a Case Study. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the efficiency trends of the public and private terminals in the port over the years. To achieve this objective, DEA-CCR methodology was employed to calculate the annual technical efficiency trends of the private and public terminals using four input variables and three output variables. The main results of the paper indicated that the public and private terminals were efficient for multiple years. However, the efficiency scores over the years demonstrated inconsistency, exhibiting notable fluctuations. The findings of this study will aid policymakers across the region on policies relating to the efficiency and ownership structure of ports and terminals.展开更多
This article explored existing policies (if any) and current management structure which govern operations within the yard, examine some major challenges facing the ship maintenance and repair services in Tema <...This article explored existing policies (if any) and current management structure which govern operations within the yard, examine some major challenges facing the ship maintenance and repair services in Tema </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Drydock</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and Shipbuilding Yard, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ghana, identif</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ied</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> few drivers that impact positively on the ship repair market with particular reference to the Tema Shipyard. It concludes by proposing sustainable management and maintenance strategies for improved repair services of the yard as well as analyzing the findings obtained in the data presentation and discussion sections during the research project. The main finding is that the PSC Tema Shipyard’s ship maintenance and repair services are really overwhelmed with major challenges, representing 55% after summing up four (4) out of the seven (7) captured in the study and are threatening its sustainability, if not properly researched and addressed once and for all. As already stated, carefully analysed conclusion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> drawn to effectively address these challenges, followed by suggestions for future research to forestall its cascading effects on the Ghanaian economy as a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">whole.展开更多
ПОДЛЕЖАШЕЕ，СУБЪЕКТИＴＥＭＡＢＣＯＢＰＥＭＥＨＨＯＭＰУＣＣКＯＭЯ３ЬＩКＥ（КＴИПＯЛＯГИИПРОСТОГОПРЕДЛОЖЁНИЯ）ＢａＨЯＨЧЖЭＨ ПОДЛЕЖАШЕЕ， СУБЪЕК...ПОДЛЕЖАШЕЕ，СУБЪЕКТИＴＥＭＡＢＣＯＢＰＥＭＥＨＨＯＭＰУＣＣКＯＭЯ３ЬＩКＥ（КＴИПＯЛＯГИИПРОСТОГОПРЕДЛОЖЁНИЯ）ＢａＨЯＨЧЖЭＨ ПОДЛЕЖАШЕЕ， СУБЪЕКТ И TEMA B COBPEMEHHOM PУC...展开更多
Aedes-borne diseases remain a public health challenge for many countries globally. The extent of spread of invasive species of Aedes mosquitoes and risk of transmission of the diseases especially around the point of e...Aedes-borne diseases remain a public health challenge for many countries globally. The extent of spread of invasive species of Aedes mosquitoes and risk of transmission of the diseases especially around the point of entry of goods such as ports is not well known in Ghana. This study investigated the ecology, distribution and risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers by Aedes mosquitoes around the port areas of Tema, Southern Ghana. The mosquitoes from this study were collected using human landing catches, ovitraps and larval collections for a period of six months. A total of 1092 containers were inspected in both seasons and of these, 237 (21.7%) were positive for mosquito larvae or pupae in rainy season while 181 (16.6%) were positive in dry season. A total of 6498 mosquitoes were collected and identified morphologically using taxonomic keys. 6038 (92.9%) were Aedes aegypti, 337 (5.2%) were Culex spp. and 123 (1.9%) were Anopheles gambiae. The Ae. aegypti larvae were found breeding in a series of water-holding containers which included disposed plastic containers, earthenware pots, car tyres, plastic barrels, plastic basins, buckets, metal drums, jerrycans and poly tank. A high proportion of Aedes aegypti eggs were found in the ovitraps during the rainy season than in the dry season in the study sites. Ae. aegypti was the most common mosquitoes biting mostly outdoors (65.6%) with more bites occurring in the rainy season (63.6%) in the two residential sites (Tema Community One and Tema New Town). The risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fever in the study sites was assessed using House Index, Container Index, Breteau Index and was found to be higher in Tema New town area with seasonal variations within the sites. The man-vector contact rates for the two residential sites were also found to be higher in rainy season than the dry season. These observations indicate that the risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the study areas is high especially in the rainy season. The implications of the findings in the formulation of future vector control programmes around the port areas in the country are discussed in the paper.展开更多
Ten trace and heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Co, Cr and V） were analysed in sediments collected from nine stations at the Tema Port of Ghana, during the dry and wet seasons. Analysis of samples was done u...Ten trace and heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Co, Cr and V） were analysed in sediments collected from nine stations at the Tema Port of Ghana, during the dry and wet seasons. Analysis of samples was done using INAA （instrumental neutron activation analysis） for Mn, V, Cu, As and Cd, and AAS （atomic absorption spectrophotometry） for Fe, Cr, Zn, Ni and Co. The concentrations of metals in sediments followed the orders Fe 〉 V〉 Mn 〉 Cd 〉 Ni 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉As, for the dry season and Fe 〉 V 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Mn 〉 Cd 〉As, for the wet season. Concentrations of Co and Cr were below detection limit, whiles Cu, Cd and Ni were found to be above the TELs （threshold effect levels） of NOAA＇s （National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration＇s） SQuiRTs （screening quick reference tables） at most sites. Estimated enrichment factors for individual metals showed very high contamination of the port＇s sediments, with Cd occurring at all sites, and Cu, As, V and Ni occurring at some sites for both dry and wet seasons. Although sediments from the Tema Port were highly enriched with Cd, Cu, Ni and V above natural background levels, the overall PLI （pollution load index） per sampling station considering background values of the analysed elements indicated that metal pollution in the port＇s sediment is below 1, indicating relatively unpolluted sediment.展开更多
文摘Port and terminal efficiency are of utmost importance to the container shipping industry due to their significance in enhancing the competitive advantage of ports within a region. Consequently, there have always been notable variations of studies around it. This paper analyzes the impact of privatization on terminal efficiency using the Port of Tema as a Case Study. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the efficiency trends of the public and private terminals in the port over the years. To achieve this objective, DEA-CCR methodology was employed to calculate the annual technical efficiency trends of the private and public terminals using four input variables and three output variables. The main results of the paper indicated that the public and private terminals were efficient for multiple years. However, the efficiency scores over the years demonstrated inconsistency, exhibiting notable fluctuations. The findings of this study will aid policymakers across the region on policies relating to the efficiency and ownership structure of ports and terminals.
文摘This article explored existing policies (if any) and current management structure which govern operations within the yard, examine some major challenges facing the ship maintenance and repair services in Tema </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Drydock</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and Shipbuilding Yard, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ghana, identif</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ied</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> few drivers that impact positively on the ship repair market with particular reference to the Tema Shipyard. It concludes by proposing sustainable management and maintenance strategies for improved repair services of the yard as well as analyzing the findings obtained in the data presentation and discussion sections during the research project. The main finding is that the PSC Tema Shipyard’s ship maintenance and repair services are really overwhelmed with major challenges, representing 55% after summing up four (4) out of the seven (7) captured in the study and are threatening its sustainability, if not properly researched and addressed once and for all. As already stated, carefully analysed conclusion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> drawn to effectively address these challenges, followed by suggestions for future research to forestall its cascading effects on the Ghanaian economy as a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">whole.
文摘Aedes-borne diseases remain a public health challenge for many countries globally. The extent of spread of invasive species of Aedes mosquitoes and risk of transmission of the diseases especially around the point of entry of goods such as ports is not well known in Ghana. This study investigated the ecology, distribution and risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers by Aedes mosquitoes around the port areas of Tema, Southern Ghana. The mosquitoes from this study were collected using human landing catches, ovitraps and larval collections for a period of six months. A total of 1092 containers were inspected in both seasons and of these, 237 (21.7%) were positive for mosquito larvae or pupae in rainy season while 181 (16.6%) were positive in dry season. A total of 6498 mosquitoes were collected and identified morphologically using taxonomic keys. 6038 (92.9%) were Aedes aegypti, 337 (5.2%) were Culex spp. and 123 (1.9%) were Anopheles gambiae. The Ae. aegypti larvae were found breeding in a series of water-holding containers which included disposed plastic containers, earthenware pots, car tyres, plastic barrels, plastic basins, buckets, metal drums, jerrycans and poly tank. A high proportion of Aedes aegypti eggs were found in the ovitraps during the rainy season than in the dry season in the study sites. Ae. aegypti was the most common mosquitoes biting mostly outdoors (65.6%) with more bites occurring in the rainy season (63.6%) in the two residential sites (Tema Community One and Tema New Town). The risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fever in the study sites was assessed using House Index, Container Index, Breteau Index and was found to be higher in Tema New town area with seasonal variations within the sites. The man-vector contact rates for the two residential sites were also found to be higher in rainy season than the dry season. These observations indicate that the risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the study areas is high especially in the rainy season. The implications of the findings in the formulation of future vector control programmes around the port areas in the country are discussed in the paper.
文摘Ten trace and heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Co, Cr and V） were analysed in sediments collected from nine stations at the Tema Port of Ghana, during the dry and wet seasons. Analysis of samples was done using INAA （instrumental neutron activation analysis） for Mn, V, Cu, As and Cd, and AAS （atomic absorption spectrophotometry） for Fe, Cr, Zn, Ni and Co. The concentrations of metals in sediments followed the orders Fe 〉 V〉 Mn 〉 Cd 〉 Ni 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉As, for the dry season and Fe 〉 V 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Mn 〉 Cd 〉As, for the wet season. Concentrations of Co and Cr were below detection limit, whiles Cu, Cd and Ni were found to be above the TELs （threshold effect levels） of NOAA＇s （National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration＇s） SQuiRTs （screening quick reference tables） at most sites. Estimated enrichment factors for individual metals showed very high contamination of the port＇s sediments, with Cd occurring at all sites, and Cu, As, V and Ni occurring at some sites for both dry and wet seasons. Although sediments from the Tema Port were highly enriched with Cd, Cu, Ni and V above natural background levels, the overall PLI （pollution load index） per sampling station considering background values of the analysed elements indicated that metal pollution in the port＇s sediment is below 1, indicating relatively unpolluted sediment.
